EP2935631B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum trocknen von häuten während des fertigungsprozesses - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zum trocknen von häuten während des fertigungsprozesses Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2935631B1
EP2935631B1 EP12829162.2A EP12829162A EP2935631B1 EP 2935631 B1 EP2935631 B1 EP 2935631B1 EP 12829162 A EP12829162 A EP 12829162A EP 2935631 B1 EP2935631 B1 EP 2935631B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hides
layer
drying
finishing
plant
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EP12829162.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2935631A1 (de
Inventor
Antonio Polato
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Officine Di Cartigliano SpA
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Officine Di Cartigliano SpA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
    • C14B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OR PROCESSING OF SKINS, HIDES OR LEATHER IN GENERAL; PELT-SHEARING MACHINES; INTESTINE-SPLITTING MACHINES
    • C14B1/00—Manufacture of leather; Machines or devices therefor
    • C14B1/58—Drying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
    • C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
    • C14C11/00—Surface finishing of leather
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
    • C14B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OR PROCESSING OF SKINS, HIDES OR LEATHER IN GENERAL; PELT-SHEARING MACHINES; INTESTINE-SPLITTING MACHINES
    • C14B2700/00—Mechanical treatment or processing of skins, hides or leather in general; Pelt-shearing machines; Making driving belts; Machines for splitting intestines
    • C14B2700/07—Leather tensioning or stretching frames; Stretching-machines; Setting-out boards; Pasting boards; Fastening devices; Drying of leather

Definitions

  • the present invention generally finds application in the field of tanning and nonwoven (imitation leather) fabrics, and particularly relates to a method of forming crust leather by drying, during the finishing process.
  • the invention relates to an apparatus for drying hides (crust) that uses the method.
  • hides are known to often exhibit surface defects that were naturally formed during the life of the animals (scratches due to goring, contact with barbed wire or thorns) or caused by poor leather preservation after flaying.
  • the dried hides undergo a process typically known as finishing, whereby such defects are removed or made less visible, for better use of the hides.
  • Finishing may be a mechanical or chemical process.
  • chemical finishing which is the one of interest herein, the hides are coated with generally liquid products, which are designed to form a grain side layer that may have various thicknesses or be elastic or tough according to the type of finishing and leather.
  • the finishing products may be selected, for instance, from the group of synthetic (acrylic, butadiene, polyurethane) resins or natural binders (caseins, albumins, protein-based film-forming agents, based on modified cellulose) possibly added with pigments, dyes, opacifiers, polishing agents, various auxiliary additives. These products are mixed with 20% to 40%, preferably 25% to 30% water, based on the total mass.
  • the aqueous solution is deposited on the grain side of the hides and forms a film that is designed to intimately bind with the fibers, to become integral with the hide.
  • the finishing liquid may be applied essentially using three methods: spray, roller or curtain coating.
  • the spray coating method consists in applying finishing chemicals to the hide surface, in automatic spray lines where hides are laid on appropriate belt conveyors, and their surface is sprayed in tunnels or cabins by rotating or reciprocating guns (curtain coating machine).
  • the roller coating method is carried out in a roller coating unit, with rollers designed to transfer the substances to the hide surface.
  • the unit has a metal roller with a given pattern engraved thereon, which is dipped in the finishing liquid bath, and a blade, which is used to limit the amount of liquid being transferred.
  • the hide contacts the product-wetted roller and is supported by an opposed conveying roller. This will optimize the finishing process. A continuous, uniform and easily adjustable coating is obtained.
  • a further layer of a fixing agent is typically deposited, for stabilization and preservation of the underlying finishing layer.
  • This layer of fixing agent should also undergo drying in a hot air tunnel as described above.
  • the drying process has been typically carried out to date using an oven or a tunnel operating with infrared rays, catalytic gas and more often with hot air.
  • FIG. 1 shows a typical finishing plant R comprising two spray units R1 with two air drying tunnels T1, T2 downstream therefrom, between the two paint and fixing agent coating stations, and upstream from a chiller C and a staker K for imparting softness to the hides again.
  • Hot air is conveyed into the tunnels T1, T2, using high-capacity compressors and blowers, with a capacity of thousands of cubic meters/hour.
  • the drying temperatures in these apparatus generally range from 80°C to 120°C.
  • a further drawback is that after the deposition of the finishing layer, the dried hides have a hot surface and cannot be easily handled and stacked. Therefore, completely dried hides shall be topically cooled using a cooling device, such as a cold air chiller, which has high power consumption.
  • any shrinking effect of the hot drying process will cause unevenness and some skrinkage in the hides, thereby leading to a significant reduction of the useful leather area, and to a reduction of the final inherent value of the treated hides.
  • a process and apparatus are known for finishing flexible material such as hides and leathers.
  • drying of the finishing products applied to the surface of the hides is carried out in a ultraviolet radiation oven as the finishing products comprise dyes and organic components with photoinitiators which are polymerizable only with ultraviolet radiations.
  • WO8607389 disposers a method and apparatus for conditioning and reducing the residual moisture of the products under treatment leathers, such as hides, furs and the like.
  • EP0739715 discloses a process for the embellishment of hides which provides the coupling of an elastic material film to a surface of the hides by exerting a pressure and drying it before the coupling.
  • the object of the present invention is to obviate or at least alleviate the above drawbacks, by providing a method and an apparatus for finishing crust hides that is highly efficient and relatively cost-effective.
  • Another object of the Invention is to provide a finishing method with a drying that uses a lower temperature than prior art finishing methods.
  • a further object of the invention Is to provide a drying method that has a lower power consumption and minimizes the costs of the final product
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a drying method performed after finishing that maintains the useful area of the finished hides substantially unaltered.
  • Yet another object is to devise a drying method performed during finishing that does not harden hides and maintains the hand of the treated hides.
  • hides will be heated to temperatures not exceeding 30°.
  • drying process will be substantially uniform and require very little moisture extraction, thereby avoiding the infiltration of dust and other foreign matter.
  • the invention relates to a plant for finishing dried, as defined in claim 6.
  • the drying plant of the invention generally designated by numeral 1, Is designed to be part of a plant for finishing crust hides P, generally referenced R.
  • the finishing plant R comprises, as is known in the art, a first finishing unit R1, for depositing a first layer or film S' of a liquid finishing product on a surface of the hides P, on the grain side.
  • the first finishing unit R1 has an inlet section I for the hides P to be treated and an outlet section O for the treated hides.
  • the finishing unit R1 may be of spray, roller or curtain coating type, as is known per se and not included in the scope of the present invention, for spraying or spreading the finishing solution on one face of the hides P being treated.
  • the rate of the finishing solution will range from 0,46 to 4,6 g/cm2.
  • a second finishing unit R2 is provided, substantially identical to the first, for uniform application of a second layer S" of a liquid product on the first layer S', for stabilizing and protecting said first layer.
  • the rate of the fixing solution will range from 0,3 to 2,3 g/cm2.
  • a first drying apparatus 1 of the invention Is placed downstream from the first finishing unit R1, and has a frame that supports a shielding tunnel 2 having an inlet 3 and an outlet 4.
  • a moving transfer surface 5 slides in the tunnel 2, for feeding hides lying thereon in the direction V.
  • the moving transfer surface 5 may consist of a belt conveyor or annular wires subtended by end rollers 6, 7, one of which is motorized, for automatic feeding of the hides P.
  • An electromagnetic wave radiating antenna irradiating waves in the RF range, generally referenced 8 is placed in the shielding tunnel 2 and is designed to irradiate the surface of the hides P to be dried.
  • the radiating antenna 8 essentially comprises a series of upper electrodes 9 and a series of lower electrodes 10 located on each side of the belt conveyor 5 to irradiate the opposite surfaces of the hides P.
  • the upper electrodes 9 and the lower electrodes 10 have such a size as to ensure substantially complete drying of the first finishing layer S'.
  • the electrodes 9, 10 are connected to a high frequency voltage and current generator 11. as is known per se and within the reach of the skilled person, which is controlled by an inverter 12 or by mechanical electrode adjustment 12 located in a cabinet 13, which will allow control of the supply voltage and current to the electrodes of the radiating antenna 8.
  • the radiating antenna 8 will be adjusted to ensure extraction of at least an amount of liquid ranging from 0,7 to 3,1 g/cm2.
  • a second drying apparatus 1' substantially identical to the first 1 is located downstream from the second finishing unit R2, and is adjusted to ensure extraction of at least an amount of liquid ranging from 0.4 to 4,6 g/cm2.
  • the final temperature of hides does not exceed 40°C, and is preferably lower than 30°C.
  • the low temperature of dried hides will allow immediate handling and stacking thereof without allowing them to cool. Also, this will avoid the use of cold air chillers, which have high costs and maintenance requirements, downstream from the drying units.
  • the finishing liquids are known to be aqueous solutions of organic and pigmenting products, representing about 20% to 40%, preferably about 25% to 30% based on the total weight of the solution.
  • the organic component of the finishing layer deposited on the hide is almost instantaneously dried and cross-linked, and forms some sort of impermeable film on the grain side. Therefore, the interfibrillar water molecules cannot come out of the grain side, due to the presence of the impermeable film, and are forced to penetrate the leather fibers in the downward direction, to come out of the flesh side, where not impermeable barrier exists. Such penetration actually provides a one-way pumping effect toward the side opposite to the finishing side. Such one-way pumping of water molecules was surprisingly found to open out the fibers and to impart superior softness to the hide, as well as a hand that avoids crutch staking.
  • the overall power consumption will be about 1 electric kW per liter of extracted water.
  • the drying apparatus 1 of the invention may be used with any existing finishing plant, using the belt conveyors 6 of the finishing plant as a moving transfer surface, and placing the pairs of electrodes of the first 12 and second 13 drying units on each side of the common belt conveyor 6.
  • FIG. 6 shows a block diagram of the drying method of the invention, when used with a per-se known finishing process.
  • the method comprises at least one first step a) of substantially evenly applying a first layer S' of a finishing product solution on one surface of the hides.
  • the first step a) is followed by at least one second step b) of drying the first layer S' of the liquid finishing composition, an optional third step c) of evenly distributing a second layer S" of a fixing agent on the first layer S' for protection and stabilization of this latter, and a fourth step d) of drying the second fixation layer S".
  • Both drying steps b) and d) are carried out by irradiating the wet portion of the hides P with an alternating electromagnetic field whose frequency is within the RF range, for substantially complete drying of said first layer S' and said second layer S".

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Treatment And Processing Of Natural Fur Or Leather (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Coloring (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Ein Verfahren zur Fertigung von Häuten (P), wobei jede Haut gegenüber liegende Seiten aufweist, nämlich eine Haarseite und eine Fleischseite und Lederfasern, die dazwischen angeordnet sind, wobei das Verfahren umfasst:
    - mindestens einen ersten Schritt a) des Anwendens einer ersten Schicht (S') einer fertig stellenden, flüssigen Zusammensetzung auf einer Seite der Häute,
    - einen zweiten Schritt b) des Trocknens der ersten Schicht (S') einer flüssigen, fertig stellenden Zusammensetzung,
    - einen möglichen dritten Schritt c) des Anwendens einer zweiten Schicht (S") einer Fixierlösung auf der ersten Schicht (S') zu deren Schutz und Stabilisierung,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die fertig stellende, flüssige Zusammensetzung eine wässrige Lösung aus organischen Bestandteilen ist, die erste Schicht (S') der fertig stellenden, flüssigen Zusammensetzung abgegeben wird auf die Haarseite der Häute (P), der zweite Schritt b) des Trocknens ausgeführt wird mittels Bestrahlen der ersten Schicht (S') mit einem elektromagnetischen, schwingenden Feld mit Frequenzen, die in dem Bereich der Radiofrequenzen (RF) sind, um ein im Wesentlichen vollständiges Trocknen der ersten Schicht (S') zu erreichen, der zweite Schritt b) des Trocknens ausgeführt wird, um beinahe unmittelbar die organischen Bestandteile der wässrigen Lösung der ersten Schicht (S') zu polymerisieren, um auf der Haarseite der Häute eine undurchlässige Barriere zu bilden auf eine Weise, dass die interfibrillaren Wassermoleküle gezwungen sind aus der Fleischseite der Häute aus zu treten, um so die Lederfasern zu öffnen und den Häuten eine erhöhte Weichheit zu vermitteln.
  2. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein vierter Schritt d) des Trocknens vorgesehen ist zum Trocknen der zweiten Fixierschicht (S"), die geschichtet wird mit dem dritten Anwendungsschritt c).
  3. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der vierte Schritt d) des Trocknens durchgeführt wird mittels bestrahlen der zweiten Fixierschicht (S") mit einem elektromagnetischen, schwingenden Feld mit Frequenzen, die in dem Bereich der Radiofrequenzen (RF) sind, ähnlich zu dem des zweiten Schritts b) des Trocknens.
  4. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dass der zweite Schritt b) des Trocknens und der vierte Schritt d) des Trocknens durchgeführt werden an den Häuten (P) bei Umgebungstemperatur ohne Heißluft-Strömung auf eine solche Weise, dass die behandelten Häute bei einer Temperatur im Wesentlichen von weniger als 30° C gehalten werden und nicht mit Staub oder fremden Substanzen beaufschlagt werden.
  5. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die spezifische Energie des elektromagnetischen, schwingenden Felds im RF Bereich für jeden Liter an verdampfter Flüssigkeit zwischen 0,5 und 2 KW/l ist.
  6. Eine Anlage (R) zur Fertigung getrockneter, verkrusteter Häute (P) mit einer ersten Fertigungseinheit (R1) zum gleichmäßigen Beaufschlagen mindestens einer Oberfläche der Häute (P) mit einer ersten Schicht (S') einer fertig stellenden, flüssigen Zusammensetzung, einer zweiten Fertigungseinheit (R2) zum gleichmäßigen Beaufschlagen der ersten Schicht (S') mit einer zweiten Schicht (S") einer Fixierlösung zur Stabilisierung und zum Schutz, einer ersten Trocknungsvorrichtung (1) stromabwärts der ersten Fertigungseinheit (R1), die ausgelegt ist zum Trocknen der ersten Schicht (S') auf eine im Wesentlichen vollständige Weise, einer zweiten Trocknungsvorrichtung (1'), die ausgelegt ist zum Trocknen der zweiten Schicht (S") auf eine im Wesentlichen vollständige Weise, wobei jeder der ersten (1) und der zweiten Fertigungsvorrichtungen (1') einen abschirmenden Tunnel (2) aufweist, innerhalb dessen eine bewegliche Übertragsfläche (5) angeordnet ist zum Fördern der Häute entlang einer vorbestimmten Richtung (V), wobei die fertig stellende, flüssige Zusammensetzung eine wässrige Lösung aus organischen Bestandteilen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede der ersten (1) und der zweiten Fertigungsvorrichtungen (1') eine Sendeantenne (8) aufweist zum Abstrahlen elektromagnetischer Wellen im RF Bereich, die auf die Hautflächen (P) gerichtet sind, wobei die erste Fertigungseinheit (R1) ausgelegt ist, die erste Schicht (S') gleichmäßig auf die Haarseite der Häute aufzutragen, und die erste Trocknungsvorrichtung (1) ausgelegt ist, um beinahe unmittelbar die organischen Bestandteile der ersten Schicht (S') zu polymerisieren, um auf der Haarseite der Häute eine undurchlässige Barriere zu bilden auf eine Weise, dass die interfibrillaren Wassermoleküle gezwungen sind, aus der Fleischseite der Häute aus zu treten, um so die Lederfasern zu öffnen und den Häuten eine erhöhte Weichheit zu vermitteln.
  7. Anlage gemäß Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sendeantenne (8) zum Abstrahlen elektromagnetischer Wellen im RF Bereich eine Reihe oberer Elektroden (9) und eine Reihe unterer Gegen-Elektroden (10) aufweist, die von einem Generator mit hoher Frequenz schwingender Spannung versorgt werden, der an eine Triode angeschlossen ist, die automatisch gesteuert ist von einem Inverter (12) oder per Hand eingestellt ist.
  8. Anlage gemäß Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Inverter (12) eingestellt ist, um die Sendeantenne (8) in die Lage zu versetzen, eine Menge an Flüssigkeit zu trocknen, die mindestens zwischen 0,7 und 3,1 g/cm2 ist.
  9. Anlage gemäß Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Inverter (12) eingestellt ist, um die Sendeantenne (8) in die Lage zu versetzen, eine Menge an Flüssigkeit zu trocknen, die mindestens zwischen 0,46 und 4,6 g/cm2 ist
  10. Anlage gemäß Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Trocknungsvorrichtung (1) und die zweite Trocknungsvorrichtung (1') im Betrieb unabhängig von einander sind und jeweils mit Generatoren elektromagnetisch, schwingender Felder mit Frequenzen nahe bei 24 MHz und mit einem spezifischen Leistungsverbrauch zwischen 0,5 und 2 KW/l getrockneter Flüssigkeit verbunden sind.
EP12829162.2A 2012-12-19 2012-12-28 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum trocknen von häuten während des fertigungsprozesses Active EP2935631B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000338A ITVI20120338A1 (it) 2012-12-19 2012-12-19 Metodo ed apparato per l'essicatura di pelli durante il processo di rifinizione
PCT/IB2012/057798 WO2014096910A1 (en) 2012-12-19 2012-12-28 Method and apparatus for drying hides during the finishing process

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2935631A1 EP2935631A1 (de) 2015-10-28
EP2935631B1 true EP2935631B1 (de) 2016-11-16

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EP12829162.2A Active EP2935631B1 (de) 2012-12-19 2012-12-28 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum trocknen von häuten während des fertigungsprozesses

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EP (1) EP2935631B1 (de)
KR (1) KR101940852B1 (de)
CN (1) CN105008552B (de)
BR (1) BR112015014689B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2613762T3 (de)
IT (1) ITVI20120338A1 (de)
MX (1) MX364843B (de)
PT (1) PT2935631T (de)
WO (1) WO2014096910A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019106615A1 (en) * 2017-11-30 2019-06-06 Officine Di Cartigliano S.P.A. Plant for drying pretreated flexible sheet products

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IT201700037050A1 (it) * 2017-04-04 2018-10-04 Ge Ma Ta Spa Apparato per la deposizione in continuo di due differenti sostanze chimiche su una pelle e metodo per la deposizione in continuo
RU2655770C1 (ru) * 2017-04-24 2018-05-29 Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Нижегородский государственный инженерно-экономический университет (НГИЭУ) Сверхвысокочастотная установка с передвижными цилиндрическими резонаторами для сушки пушно-мехового сырья в непрерывном режиме
RU2651593C1 (ru) * 2017-04-24 2018-04-23 Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Нижегородский государственный инженерно-экономический университет (НГИЭУ) Аэродинамическая сушилка пушно-мехового сырья с воздействием электромагнитного поля сверхвысокой частоты
RU2651594C1 (ru) * 2017-04-25 2018-04-23 Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Нижегородский государственный инженерно-экономический университет (НГИЭУ) Микроволновая сушилка пушно-мехового сырья роторного типа
RU2655748C1 (ru) * 2017-07-03 2018-05-29 Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Нижегородский государственный инженерно-экономический университет (НГИЭУ) Микроволновая установка, обеспечивающая отделение меха от кожи шкур кроликов
IT201900025135A1 (it) * 2019-12-20 2021-06-20 Ge Ma Ta Spa Tunnel di asciugatura del film di prodotto chimico depositato sulla superficie della pelle nella fase di rifinizione della pelle stessa e linea di rifinizione di pelli che comprende detto tunnel di asciugatura
IT202000010873A1 (it) * 2020-05-13 2021-11-13 Todesco S R L Metodo, impianto e stazione per la lavorazione di pelli animali
CN116287483B (zh) * 2023-03-23 2024-02-13 重庆能源职业学院 一种具有往复运动结构的烘干设备

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WO2019106615A1 (en) * 2017-11-30 2019-06-06 Officine Di Cartigliano S.P.A. Plant for drying pretreated flexible sheet products

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Publication number Publication date
PT2935631T (pt) 2017-02-03
BR112015014689B1 (pt) 2021-03-30
CN105008552A (zh) 2015-10-28
MX364843B (es) 2019-05-08
ES2613762T3 (es) 2017-05-25
MX2015007924A (es) 2016-02-05
KR20150096512A (ko) 2015-08-24
CN105008552B (zh) 2017-08-22
WO2014096910A1 (en) 2014-06-26
EP2935631A1 (de) 2015-10-28
ITVI20120338A1 (it) 2014-06-20
KR101940852B1 (ko) 2019-01-21
BR112015014689A2 (pt) 2017-07-11

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