EP2932064B1 - Coolant circuit - Google Patents

Coolant circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2932064B1
EP2932064B1 EP13802939.2A EP13802939A EP2932064B1 EP 2932064 B1 EP2932064 B1 EP 2932064B1 EP 13802939 A EP13802939 A EP 13802939A EP 2932064 B1 EP2932064 B1 EP 2932064B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coolant
sensor
concentration
monitoring
circuit
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Application number
EP13802939.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2932064A1 (en
Inventor
Stephan Heinrich
Denny SCHÄDLICH
Andreas Wildgen
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Vitesco Technologies GmbH
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Continental Automotive GmbH
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Publication of EP2932064A1 publication Critical patent/EP2932064A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P11/00—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P9/00
    • F01P11/14—Indicating devices; Other safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P11/00—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P9/00
    • F01P11/02—Liquid-coolant filling, overflow, venting, or draining devices
    • F01P11/029—Expansion reservoirs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P11/00—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P9/00
    • F01P11/14—Indicating devices; Other safety devices
    • F01P11/16—Indicating devices; Other safety devices concerning coolant temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P11/00—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P9/00
    • F01P11/14—Indicating devices; Other safety devices
    • F01P11/20—Indicating devices; Other safety devices concerning atmospheric freezing conditions, e.g. automatically draining or heating during frosty weather
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P5/00—Pumping cooling-air or liquid coolants
    • F01P5/10—Pumping liquid coolant; Arrangements of coolant pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P2025/00—Measuring
    • F01P2025/08—Temperature
    • F01P2025/13—Ambient temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P2025/00—Measuring
    • F01P2025/80—Concentration anti-freeze

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a coolant circuit for an internal combustion engine having a coolant pump, at least one coolant line, a radiator and a coolant cavity in the internal combustion engine, wherein the coolant pump, the coolant line, the radiator and the coolant cavity are filled with a coolant.
  • JP S57 171019 A a system for controlling cooling characteristics for an internal combustion engine, which monitors a concentration of a coolant solution in a water cooling and controls the operation of a water pump depending on the concentration of the coolant solution.
  • a similar coolant circuit is off JP H10 259730 known.
  • An object on which the invention is based is to provide a coolant circuit which permanently protects the internal combustion engine from damage caused by the improper use of coolant.
  • the invention is characterized in that at least one sensor for monitoring the coolant concentration is permanently and permanently arranged in and / or on the coolant circuit.
  • This has the advantage that too low a concentration of the antifreeze in the coolant can be reliably detected outside of the workshop stays of the vehicle. Too high a concentration of antifreeze can be detected with the coolant circuit according to the invention.
  • the described coolant circuit comprises an ambient temperature sensor and an electronic control unit, which is connected to the ambient temperature sensor and which is designed to determine a minimum operating temperature of the coolant as a function of the measuring signals of the sensor and to compare these with the measuring signals of the ambient temperature sensor. Such a comparison of the minimum operating temperature of the coolant and the ambient temperature can in particular also take place after the internal combustion engine has stopped.
  • the sensor for monitoring the coolant concentration is an ultrasonic sensor.
  • Ultrasonic sensors are long-lasting and cost-effective components with which the concentration of antifreeze in the coolant can be reliably detected.
  • the coolant circuit additionally has an expansion vessel.
  • the sensor for monitoring the coolant concentration may be arranged in or on the expansion vessel.
  • the expansion tank is in usually a readily accessible component, which allows the inclusion of a sensor for monitoring the coolant concentration easily.
  • the sensor for monitoring the coolant concentration is arranged in or on the coolant cavity.
  • the coolant cavity is located in the internal combustion engine itself, with which the sensor for monitoring the coolant concentration can protect the internal combustion engine against freezing in a particularly effective manner.
  • the sensor for monitoring the coolant concentration is arranged in or on the coolant pump and / or arranged in or on the coolant line, an effective monitoring of the proportion of antifreeze in the coolant can also take place and thus the coolant concentration can be determined reliably. This also applies if the sensor for monitoring the coolant concentration is arranged in or on the radiator.
  • the sensor transmits its measurement results to the electronic control unit for monitoring the coolant concentration. Due to the fact that the electronic control unit is additionally connected to an ambient temperature sensor, it can be determined with certainty whether the ambient temperature has fallen so far that there is a risk for the cooling circuit and / or the internal combustion engine.
  • the electronic control unit based on the measurement results of the sensor for monitoring the coolant concentration determines a minimum operating temperature for the coolant and compares this minimum operating temperature for the coolant with the measurement result of the ambient temperature sensor. As a result, a freezing of the coolant in the coolant circuit can be reliably detected.
  • the electronic control unit generates an electronic warning signal when the measurement result of the ambient temperature sensor falls below the minimum operating temperature of the coolant.
  • This electronic warning signal may, for example, be displayed to the vehicle driver in the form of an error message and / or be used so that the internal combustion engine can not be started or shut down.
  • the monitoring of the coolant concentration and the determination of the minimum operating temperature of the coolant, as well as the comparison with the measurement result of the ambient temperature sensor also take place after the engine has come to a standstill, thus the most probable case, namely the freezing of the parked internal combustion engine, can be reliably detected.
  • Fig. 1 shows an internal combustion engine 1 with four cylinders and a arranged on the internal combustion engine 1 exhaust manifold 15.
  • a coolant circuit 2 is formed on the internal combustion engine 1.
  • the coolant circuit 2 for the internal combustion engine comprises a coolant pump 3, at least one coolant line 4, a cooler 7 and cooling cavities 13 in the internal combustion engine 1.
  • the coolant 5 can absorb and remove the heat from the hot internal combustion engine 1.
  • the hot coolant is transported from the coolant pump 3 through the coolant line 4 to the cooler 7, where the coolant 5 is usually cooled by passing cold air and then again the internal combustion engine 1 is supplied.
  • the coolant 5 of an internal combustion engine 1 in motor vehicles usually consists of water, to which some substances that reduce corrosion are added.
  • This water has the property of freezing at temperatures of less than 0 ° C, which can lead to serious damage to the internal combustion engine 1 or the coolant circuit 2. Therefore, the aqueous coolant 5 is usually added substances that lower the freezing point of the solution well below 0 ° C. In the course of a vehicle life, however, it may happen that the concentration of the substances that reduce the freezing point of the coolant 5, too low, whereby a freezing of the internal combustion engine 1 or the coolant circuit 2 is possible. To prevent this, a sensor 8 for monitoring the coolant concentration is permanently and permanently arranged in the coolant circuit 2.
  • This sensor 8 for monitoring the coolant concentration may for example be an ultrasonic sensor.
  • an expansion vessel 6 can be arranged in the coolant circuit 2. This expansion vessel 6 can compensate for the thermal expansion of the coolant 5 in the coolant circuit 2.
  • the sensor 8 for monitoring the coolant concentration may, for. B. may be arranged in or on the coolant cavity 13 of the internal combustion engine 1. In combination or as an independent solution, the sensor 8 for monitoring the coolant concentration may be arranged on or in the coolant pump 3. In addition, the sensor 8 may be arranged to monitor the coolant concentration in or on the coolant line 4 and / or in or on the cooler 7.
  • the sensor 8 for monitoring the coolant concentration transmits the detected concentration of the coolant solution 5 to an electronic control unit 9.
  • This electronic control unit 9 can determine information about the coolant concentration, the temperature below which the coolant 5 would freeze. This temperature can be compared with an outside temperature, which is transmitted from an ambient temperature sensor 14 to the electronic control unit 9. Once the electronic control unit detects that the outside temperature falls below the glass transition temperature of the coolant 5, the electronic control unit may generate a warning signal and / or electronically ensure that the supercooled and / or frozen internal combustion engine is not started.
  • Fig. 2 shows a concentration sensor 8, which is designed as an ultrasonic sensor.
  • the sensor element 17 is excited by a frequency generator 10, which is integrated in the electronic control unit 9 to vibrate.
  • the sensor element 17 can also be excited to oscillate by an electrical circuit 9, wherein the electrical circuit 9 is a component of the concentration sensor 8 itself.
  • These vibrations have frequencies in the ultrasonic range, whereby an ultrasonic wave 11 is emitted and passes through the coolant 5 to a reflector 12. At the reflector 12, the ultrasonic wave 11 is reflected and thrown back to the sensor element 17.
  • the sensor element 17 now acts as a receiver for the ultrasonic wave 11, wherein the transit time of the ultrasonic wave 11 from the sensor element 17 via the reflector 12 back to the sensor element 17 is characteristic of the concentration of the freezing point lowering additives in the coolant.
  • the sensor 8 shown here for monitoring the coolant concentration can deliver a corresponding signal to the concentration of the coolant to the electronic control unit 9, whereby the electronic control unit 9 can then calculate the temperature from which the coolant 5 would freeze.
  • the presented here coolant circuit 2 for an internal combustion engine 1 with at least one sensor 8 for monitoring the coolant concentration can help to avoid expensive damage to the internal combustion engine 1 and thus conserve resources.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Atmospheric Sciences (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kühlmittelkreislauf für eine Brennkraftmaschine mit einer Kühlmittelpumpe, mindestens einer Kühlmittelleitung, einem Kühler und einer Kühlmittelkavität in der Brennkraftmaschine, wobei die Kühlmittelpumpe, die Kühlmittelleitung, der Kühler und die Kühlmittelkavität mit einem Kühlmittel gefüllt sind.The invention relates to a coolant circuit for an internal combustion engine having a coolant pump, at least one coolant line, a radiator and a coolant cavity in the internal combustion engine, wherein the coolant pump, the coolant line, the radiator and the coolant cavity are filled with a coolant.

Die Überwachung der Zusammensetzung des Kühlmittels erfolgt bei Kraftfahrzeugen in der Regel nur im Rahmen von Werkstattaufenthalten und somit oft unregelmäßig. Zudem erfolgt die Messung der Konzentration des Frostschutzmittels im Kühlmittel nicht bei jedem Werkstattaufenthalt des Fahrzeuges. Zum Beispiel beschreibt die Druckschrift JP S57 171019 A ein System zum Steuern von Kühlungseigenschaften für eine Brennkraftmaschine, das eine Konzentration einer Kühlmittellösung in einer Wasserkühlung überwacht und in Abhängigkeit der Konzentration der Kühlmittellösung den Betrieb einer Wasserpumpe steuert. Ein ähnlicher Kühlmittelkreislauf ist aus JP H10 259730 bekannt.The monitoring of the composition of the coolant takes place in motor vehicles usually only in the context of workshop visits and thus often irregular. In addition, the measurement of the concentration of antifreeze in the coolant is not carried out at every workshop stay of the vehicle. For example, the document describes JP S57 171019 A a system for controlling cooling characteristics for an internal combustion engine, which monitors a concentration of a coolant solution in a water cooling and controls the operation of a water pump depending on the concentration of the coolant solution. A similar coolant circuit is off JP H10 259730 known.

Es ist allerdings möglich, dass sich der Anteil des Forstschutzmittels im Kühlmittel unbemerkt derart verringert, dass das Kühlmittel im Kühlmittelkreislauf bei einer Umgebungstemperatur von weniger als 0° C einfriert. Dies kann zu erheblichen Schäden an der Brennkraftmaschine eines Kraftfahrzeuges führen. Es kann jedoch auch eine zu hohe Konzentration des Frostschutzmittels nachteilig für den Kühlmittelkreislauf sein und zu Schäden an diesem führen.However, it is possible that the proportion of the forest protection product in the coolant unnoticed reduced so that the coolant in the coolant circuit at an ambient temperature of less than 0 ° C freezes. This can lead to considerable damage to the internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle. However, too high a concentration of antifreeze may be detrimental to the coolant circuit and cause damage to it.

Eine Aufgabe, die der Erfindung zugrunde liegt, ist es einen Kühlmittelkreislauf zu schaffen, der die Brennkraftmaschine dauerhaft vor Beschädigungen durch den unsachgemäßen Einsatz von Kühlmitteln schützt.An object on which the invention is based is to provide a coolant circuit which permanently protects the internal combustion engine from damage caused by the improper use of coolant.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet.This object is solved by the features of the independent claim. Advantageous developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims.

Die Erfindung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass in und/oder an dem Kühlmittelkreislauf zumindest ein Sensor zur Überwachung der Kühlmittelkonzentration fest und dauerhaft angeordnet ist. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass auch außerhalb von Werkstattaufenthalten des Fahrzeuges eine zu niedrige Konzentration des Frostschutzmittels im Kühlmittel sicher erkannt werden kann. Auch eine zu hohe Konzentration des Frostschutzmittels kann mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Kühlmittelkreislauf erkannt werden. Außerdem umfasst der beschriebene Kühlmittelkreislauf einen Umgebungstemperatursensor und ein elektronisches Steuergerät, das mit dem Umgebungstemperatursensor verbunden ist und das dazu ausgebildet ist, in Abhängigkeit der Messsignale des Sensors eine minimale Einsatztemperatur des Kühlmittels zu bestimmen und diese mit den Messsignalen des Umgebungstemperatursensors zu vergleichen. Ein solcher Vergleich der minimalen Einsatztemperatur des Kühlmittels und der Umgebungstemperatur kann insbesondere auch nach Stillstand der Brennkraftmaschine erfolgen.The invention is characterized in that at least one sensor for monitoring the coolant concentration is permanently and permanently arranged in and / or on the coolant circuit. This has the advantage that too low a concentration of the antifreeze in the coolant can be reliably detected outside of the workshop stays of the vehicle. Too high a concentration of antifreeze can be detected with the coolant circuit according to the invention. In addition, the described coolant circuit comprises an ambient temperature sensor and an electronic control unit, which is connected to the ambient temperature sensor and which is designed to determine a minimum operating temperature of the coolant as a function of the measuring signals of the sensor and to compare these with the measuring signals of the ambient temperature sensor. Such a comparison of the minimum operating temperature of the coolant and the ambient temperature can in particular also take place after the internal combustion engine has stopped.

Bei einer Ausgestaltung ist der Sensor zur Überwachung der Kühlmittelkonzentration ein Ultraschallsensor. Ultraschallsensoren sind langlebige und kostengünstige Bauteile, mit deren Hilfe die Konzentration des Frostschutzmittels im Kühlmittel sicher erkannt werden kann.In one embodiment, the sensor for monitoring the coolant concentration is an ultrasonic sensor. Ultrasonic sensors are long-lasting and cost-effective components with which the concentration of antifreeze in the coolant can be reliably detected.

Bei einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung weist der Kühlmittelkreislauf zusätzlich ein Ausdehnungsgefäß auf. Der Sensor zur Überwachung der Kühlmittelkonzentration kann in oder an dem Ausdehnungsgefäß angeordnet sein. Das Ausdehnungsgefäß ist in der Regel ein gut zugängliches Bauteil, das die Aufnahme eines Sensors zur Überwachung der Kühlmittelkonzentration problemlos ermöglicht.In a development of the invention, the coolant circuit additionally has an expansion vessel. The sensor for monitoring the coolant concentration may be arranged in or on the expansion vessel. The expansion tank is in usually a readily accessible component, which allows the inclusion of a sensor for monitoring the coolant concentration easily.

Bei einer Weiterbildung ist der Sensor zur Überwachung der Kühlmittelkonzentration in oder an der Kühlmittelkavität angeordnet. Die Kühlmittelkavität befindet sich in der Brennkraftmaschine selber, womit der Sensor zur Überwachung der Kühlmittelkonzentration die Brennkraftmaschine besonders effektiv vor dem Einfrieren schützen kann.In a development, the sensor for monitoring the coolant concentration is arranged in or on the coolant cavity. The coolant cavity is located in the internal combustion engine itself, with which the sensor for monitoring the coolant concentration can protect the internal combustion engine against freezing in a particularly effective manner.

Wenn der Sensor zur Überwachung der Kühlmittelkonzentration in oder an der Kühlmittelpumpe angeordnet und/oder in oder an der Kühlmittelleitung angeordnet ist, kann ebenfalls eine effektive Überwachung des Anteils des Frostschutzmittels im Kühlmittel erfolgen und somit die Kühlmittelkonzentration sicher festgestellt werden. Dies gilt auch, wenn der Sensor zur Überwachung der Kühlmittelkonzentration in oder an dem Kühler angeordnet ist.If the sensor for monitoring the coolant concentration is arranged in or on the coolant pump and / or arranged in or on the coolant line, an effective monitoring of the proportion of antifreeze in the coolant can also take place and thus the coolant concentration can be determined reliably. This also applies if the sensor for monitoring the coolant concentration is arranged in or on the radiator.

Der Sensor überträgt zur Überwachung der Kühlmittelkonzentration seine Messergebnisse an das elektronische Steuergerät. Dadurch, dass das elektronische Steuergerät zusätzlich mit einem Umgebungstemperatursensor verbunden ist, kann sicher festgestellt werden, ob die Umgebungstemperatur so weit gesunken ist, dass eine Gefahr für den Kühlkreislauf und/oder die Brennkraftmaschine besteht oder bestand.The sensor transmits its measurement results to the electronic control unit for monitoring the coolant concentration. Due to the fact that the electronic control unit is additionally connected to an ambient temperature sensor, it can be determined with certainty whether the ambient temperature has fallen so far that there is a risk for the cooling circuit and / or the internal combustion engine.

Es ist vorteilhaft, dass das elektronische Steuergerät anhand der Messergebnisse des Sensors zur Überwachung der Kühlmittelkonzentration eine minimale Einsatztemperatur für das Kühlmittel bestimmt und diese minimale Einsatztemperatur für das Kühlmittel mit dem Messergebnis des Umgebungstemperatursensors vergleicht. Hierdurch kann ein Einfrieren des Kühlmittels im Kühlmittelkreislauf sicher erkannt werden.It is advantageous that the electronic control unit based on the measurement results of the sensor for monitoring the coolant concentration determines a minimum operating temperature for the coolant and compares this minimum operating temperature for the coolant with the measurement result of the ambient temperature sensor. As a result, a freezing of the coolant in the coolant circuit can be reliably detected.

Zur Vermeidung weiterer Schäden an der Brennkraftmaschine nach dem Einfrieren des Kühlmittels ist es vorteilhaft, wenn das elektronische Steuergerät ein elektronisches Warnsignal erzeugt, wenn das Messergebnis des Umgebungstemperatursensors die minimale Einsatztemperatur des Kühlmittels unterschreitet. Dieses elektronische Warnsignal kann zum Beispiel dem Fahrzeugführer in Form einer Fehlermeldung angezeigt werden und/oder dazu verwendet werden, dass sich die Brennkraftmaschine nicht starten lässt oder stillgelegt wird.To avoid further damage to the internal combustion engine after the freezing of the coolant, it is advantageous if the electronic control unit generates an electronic warning signal when the measurement result of the ambient temperature sensor falls below the minimum operating temperature of the coolant. This electronic warning signal may, for example, be displayed to the vehicle driver in the form of an error message and / or be used so that the internal combustion engine can not be started or shut down.

Die Überwachung der Kühlmittelkonzentration und die Bestimmung der minimalen Einsatztemperatur des Kühlmittels, sowie der Vergleich mit dem Messergebnis des Umgebungstemperatursensors erfolgen auch nach dem Stillstand der Brennkraftmaschine, somit kann der wahrscheinlichste Fall, nämlich das Einfrieren der abgestellten Brennkraftmaschine, sicher erkannt werden.The monitoring of the coolant concentration and the determination of the minimum operating temperature of the coolant, as well as the comparison with the measurement result of the ambient temperature sensor also take place after the engine has come to a standstill, thus the most probable case, namely the freezing of the parked internal combustion engine, can be reliably detected.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind im Folgenden anhand der Zeichnungen erläutert.Embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the drawings.

Es zeigen:

Figur 1
eine Brennkraftmaschine mit vier Zylindern,
Figur 2
einen Konzentrationssensor.
Show it:
FIG. 1
an internal combustion engine with four cylinders,
FIG. 2
a concentration sensor.

Elemente gleicher Konstruktion und/oder Funktion sind figurenübergreifend mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.Elements of the same construction and / or function are provided across the figures with the same reference numerals.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine Brennkraftmaschine 1 mit vier Zylindern und einem an der Brennkraftmaschine 1 angeordneten Abgaskrümmer 15. Um im Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine 1 eine Überhitzung der Brennkraftmaschine 1 zu verhindern, ist an der Brennkraftmaschine 1 ein Kühlmittelkreislauf 2 ausgebildet. Der Kühlmittelkreislauf 2 für die Brennkraftmaschine umfasst eine Kühlmittelpumpe 3, mindestens eine Kühlmittelleitung 4, einen Kühler 7 und Kühlkavitäten 13 in der Brennkraftmaschine 1. Durch die Kühlkavitäten 13 in der Brennkraftmaschine 1 kann das Kühlmittel 5 die Wärme aus der heißen Brennkraftmaschine 1 aufnehmen und abtransportieren. Dazu wird das heiße Kühlmittel von der Kühlmittelpumpe 3 durch die Kühlmittelleitung 4 hin zum Kühler 7 transportiert, wo das Kühlmittel 5 in der Regel von vorbeiströmender kalter Luft abgekühlt wird und danach erneut der Brennkraftmaschine 1 zugeführt wird. Das Kühlmittel 5 einer Brennkraftmaschine 1 in Kraftfahrzeugen besteht in der Regel aus Wasser, dem einige korrossionsmindernde Substanzen zugesetzt sind. Dieses Wasser hat die Eigenschaft, bei Temperaturen von weniger als 0 °C einzufrieren, was zu schwerwiegenden Schäden an der Brennkraftmaschine 1 oder dem Kühlmittelkreislauf 2 führen kann. Daher sind dem wässrigen Kühlmittel 5 in der Regel Substanzen beigemengt, die dem Gefrierpunkt der Lösung weit unter 0 °C absenken. Im Verlauf eines Fahrzeuglebens kann es jedoch dazu kommen, dass die Konzentration der Substanzen, die den Gefrierpunkt des Kühlmittels 5 herabsetzen, zu gering wird, womit ein Einfrieren der Brennkraftmaschine 1 oder des Kühlmittelkreislaufes 2 möglich wird. Um dies zu verhindern, ist im Kühlmittelkreislauf 2 ein Sensor 8 zur Überwachung der Kühlmittelkonzentration fest und dauerhaft angeordnet. Dieser Sensor 8 zur Überwachung der Kühlmittelkonzentration kann beispielsweise ein Ultraschallsensor sein. Weiterhin kann im Kühlmittelkreislauf 2 ein Ausdehnungsgefäß 6 angeordnet sein. Dieses Ausdehnungsgefäß 6 kann die thermische Ausdehnung des Kühlmittels 5 im Kühlmittelkreislauf 2 kompensieren. Der Sensor 8 zur Überwachung der Kühlmittelkonzentration kann z. B. in oder an der Kühlmittelkavität 13 der Brennkraftmaschine 1 angeordnet sein. In Kombination dazu oder als eigenständige Lösung kann der Sensor 8 zur Überwachung der Kühlmittelkonzentration an oder in der Kühlmittelpumpe 3 angeordnet sein. Darüber hinaus kann der Sensor 8 zur Überwachung der Kühlmittelkonzentration in oder an der Kühlmittelleitung 4 und/oder in oder an dem Kühler 7 angeordnet sein. Der Sensor 8 zur Überwachung der Kühlmittelkonzentration übermittelt die erfasste Konzentration der Kühlmittellösung 5 an ein elektronisches Steuergerät 9. Dieses elektronische Steuergerät 9 kann eine Information über die Kühlmittelkonzentration die Temperatur ermitteln, unterhalb derer das Kühlmittelmittel 5 einfrieren würde. Diese Temperatur kann mit einer Außentemperatur verglichen werden, die von einem Umgebungstemperatursensor 14 an das elektronische Steuergerät 9 übermittelt wird. Sobald das elektronische Steuergerät erkennt, dass die Außentemperatur unter die Einfriertemperatur des Kühlmittels 5 fällt, kann das elektronische Steuergerät ein Warnsignal erzeugen und/oder auf elektronischem Wege sicherstellen, dass die unterkühlte und/oder eingefrorene Brennkraftmaschine nicht gestartet wird. Fig. 1 shows an internal combustion engine 1 with four cylinders and a arranged on the internal combustion engine 1 exhaust manifold 15. In order to prevent overheating of the internal combustion engine 1 during operation of the internal combustion engine 1, a coolant circuit 2 is formed on the internal combustion engine 1. The coolant circuit 2 for the internal combustion engine comprises a coolant pump 3, at least one coolant line 4, a cooler 7 and cooling cavities 13 in the internal combustion engine 1. Through the cooling cavities 13 in the internal combustion engine 1, the coolant 5 can absorb and remove the heat from the hot internal combustion engine 1. For this purpose, the hot coolant is transported from the coolant pump 3 through the coolant line 4 to the cooler 7, where the coolant 5 is usually cooled by passing cold air and then again the internal combustion engine 1 is supplied. The coolant 5 of an internal combustion engine 1 in motor vehicles usually consists of water, to which some substances that reduce corrosion are added. This water has the property of freezing at temperatures of less than 0 ° C, which can lead to serious damage to the internal combustion engine 1 or the coolant circuit 2. Therefore, the aqueous coolant 5 is usually added substances that lower the freezing point of the solution well below 0 ° C. In the course of a vehicle life, however, it may happen that the concentration of the substances that reduce the freezing point of the coolant 5, too low, whereby a freezing of the internal combustion engine 1 or the coolant circuit 2 is possible. To prevent this, a sensor 8 for monitoring the coolant concentration is permanently and permanently arranged in the coolant circuit 2. This sensor 8 for monitoring the coolant concentration may for example be an ultrasonic sensor. Furthermore, an expansion vessel 6 can be arranged in the coolant circuit 2. This expansion vessel 6 can compensate for the thermal expansion of the coolant 5 in the coolant circuit 2. The sensor 8 for monitoring the coolant concentration may, for. B. may be arranged in or on the coolant cavity 13 of the internal combustion engine 1. In combination or as an independent solution, the sensor 8 for monitoring the coolant concentration may be arranged on or in the coolant pump 3. In addition, the sensor 8 may be arranged to monitor the coolant concentration in or on the coolant line 4 and / or in or on the cooler 7. The sensor 8 for monitoring the coolant concentration transmits the detected concentration of the coolant solution 5 to an electronic control unit 9. This electronic control unit 9 can determine information about the coolant concentration, the temperature below which the coolant 5 would freeze. This temperature can be compared with an outside temperature, which is transmitted from an ambient temperature sensor 14 to the electronic control unit 9. Once the electronic control unit detects that the outside temperature falls below the glass transition temperature of the coolant 5, the electronic control unit may generate a warning signal and / or electronically ensure that the supercooled and / or frozen internal combustion engine is not started.

Fig. 2 zeigt einen Konzentrationssensor 8, der als Ultraschallsensor ausgebildet ist. Das Sensorelement 17 wird von einem Frequenzgenerator 10, der im elektronischen Steuergerät 9 integriert ist, zu Schwingungen angeregt. Das Sensorelement 17 kann jedoch auch durch eine elektrische Schaltung 9 zu Schwingungen angeregt werden, wobei die elektrische Schaltung 9 ein Bestandteil des Konzentrationssensors 8 selber ist. Diese Schwingungen besitzen Frequenzen im Ultraschallbereich, womit eine Ultraschallwelle 11 ausgesendet wird und durch das Kühlmittel 5 zu einem Reflektor 12 läuft. An dem Reflektor 12 wird die Ultraschallwelle 11 reflektiert und zum Sensorelement 17 zurück geworfen. Das Sensorelement 17 fungiert nun als Empfänger für die Ultraschallwelle 11, wobei die Laufzeit der Ultraschallwelle 11 vom Sensorelement 17 über den Reflektor 12 zurück zum Sensorelement 17 charakteristisch für die Konzentration der Gefrierpunkt absenkenden Zusätze im Kühlmittel ist. Damit kann der hier gezeigte Sensor 8 zur Überwachung der Kühlmittelkonzentration ein entsprechendes Signal zur Konzentration des Kühlmittels an das elektronische Steuergerät 9 abgeben, womit das elektronische Steuergerät 9 dann die Temperatur errechnen kann, ab der das Kühlmittel 5 einfrieren würde. Der hier vorgestellte Kühlmittelkreislauf 2 für eine Brennkraftmaschine 1 mit zumindest einem Sensor 8 zur Überwachung der Kühlmittelkonzentration kann dazu beitragen, teure Schäden an der Brennkraftmaschine 1 zu vermeiden und somit Ressourcen zu schonen. Fig. 2 shows a concentration sensor 8, which is designed as an ultrasonic sensor. The sensor element 17 is excited by a frequency generator 10, which is integrated in the electronic control unit 9 to vibrate. However, the sensor element 17 can also be excited to oscillate by an electrical circuit 9, wherein the electrical circuit 9 is a component of the concentration sensor 8 itself. These vibrations have frequencies in the ultrasonic range, whereby an ultrasonic wave 11 is emitted and passes through the coolant 5 to a reflector 12. At the reflector 12, the ultrasonic wave 11 is reflected and thrown back to the sensor element 17. The sensor element 17 now acts as a receiver for the ultrasonic wave 11, wherein the transit time of the ultrasonic wave 11 from the sensor element 17 via the reflector 12 back to the sensor element 17 is characteristic of the concentration of the freezing point lowering additives in the coolant. Thus, the sensor 8 shown here for monitoring the coolant concentration can deliver a corresponding signal to the concentration of the coolant to the electronic control unit 9, whereby the electronic control unit 9 can then calculate the temperature from which the coolant 5 would freeze. The presented here coolant circuit 2 for an internal combustion engine 1 with at least one sensor 8 for monitoring the coolant concentration can help to avoid expensive damage to the internal combustion engine 1 and thus conserve resources.

Claims (9)

  1. Coolant circuit (2) for an internal combustion engine (1), with a coolant pump (3), at least one coolant line (4), a radiator (7) and a coolant cavity (13) in the internal combustion engine (1), wherein the coolant pump (3), the coolant line (4), the radiator (7) and the coolant cavity (13) are filled with a coolant (5), wherein at least one sensor (8) for monitoring the coolant concentration is fixedly and permanently arranged in and/or on the coolant circuit (2) and transmits the measuring results thereof to an electronic control device (9), characterized in that the control device is additionally connected to an ambient temperature sensor (14), wherein the electronic control device is designed to ascertain a minimum use temperature for the coolant (5) with reference to the measuring results of the sensor (8) and to compare said minimum use temperature for the coolant (5) with the measuring result of the ambient temperature sensor (14) and such a comparison of the ascertained minimum use temperature for the coolant (5) with the measuring result of the ambient temperature sensor (14) takes place even after the internal combustion engine is at a standstill.
  2. Coolant circuit (2) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the sensor (8) for monitoring the coolant concentration is an ultrasonic sensor.
  3. Coolant circuit (2) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the coolant circuit (2) additionally has an expansion vessel (6).
  4. Coolant circuit (2) according to Claim 3, characterized in that the sensor (8) for monitoring the coolant concentration is arranged in or on the expansion vessel (6).
  5. Coolant circuit (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor (8) for monitoring the coolant concentration is arranged in or on the coolant cavity (13).
  6. Coolant circuit (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor (8) for monitoring the coolant concentration is arranged in or on the coolant pump (3).
  7. Coolant circuit (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor (8) for monitoring the coolant concentration is arranged in or on the coolant line (4).
  8. Coolant circuit (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor (8) for monitoring the coolant concentration is arranged in or on the radiator (7) .
  9. Coolant circuit (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electronic control device (9) generates an electronic warning signal if the measuring result of the ambient temperature sensor (14) falls short of the minimum use temperature of the coolant (5).
EP13802939.2A 2012-12-17 2013-12-09 Coolant circuit Active EP2932064B1 (en)

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DE102012223454.3A DE102012223454A1 (en) 2012-12-17 2012-12-17 Coolant circuit
PCT/EP2013/075929 WO2014095451A1 (en) 2012-12-17 2013-12-09 Coolant circuit

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US20150369116A1 (en) 2015-12-24
US9850804B2 (en) 2017-12-26
CN104870772A (en) 2015-08-26
EP2932064A1 (en) 2015-10-21
WO2014095451A1 (en) 2014-06-26
DE102012223454A1 (en) 2014-06-18

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