EP2932026B1 - Dispositif et procédé de stimulation d'un puits de forage - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de stimulation d'un puits de forage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2932026B1
EP2932026B1 EP13799529.6A EP13799529A EP2932026B1 EP 2932026 B1 EP2932026 B1 EP 2932026B1 EP 13799529 A EP13799529 A EP 13799529A EP 2932026 B1 EP2932026 B1 EP 2932026B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
segment
heat generator
segments
reaction
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Not-in-force
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EP13799529.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2932026A1 (fr
Inventor
Vladimir Stehle
Konrad Siemer
Jan Hantusch
Werner ANGENENDT
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Elektro Thermit GmbH and Co KG
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Elektro Thermit GmbH and Co KG
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Priority to EP13799529.6A priority Critical patent/EP2932026B1/fr
Publication of EP2932026A1 publication Critical patent/EP2932026A1/fr
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
    • E21B43/243—Combustion in situ
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B37/00—Methods or apparatus for cleaning boreholes or wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
    • E21B43/243—Combustion in situ
    • E21B43/247—Combustion in situ in association with fracturing processes or crevice forming processes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat generator for well stimulation comprising a tubular fuel container with two or more separate, closed segments which are arranged longitudinally behind each other and each at least partially filled with fuel, and an igniter for igniting the fuel in at least one of the segments. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for borehole stimulation using the device according to the invention.
  • the porous rock strata may silt during the drilling and cementing process, decreasing permeability.
  • the state of stress, pressure and deformation of the rock changes, resulting in zones with increased density and low permeability forming around the hole in a circular manner in the rock.
  • paraffin, asphaltenes and high viscosity tars often deposit in the rock, reducing the productivity of the well.
  • perforation technology uses gas generators powered by solid fuels. They are designed as jacketed or uncovered explosive charges and produce hot gases after ignition, resulting in a pressure increase in the borehole and the adjacent rock layers. Usually gas generators are used in the borehole at the level of winninghorizonte to cause due to the pressure increase new perforations in the rock or to expand existing perforations.
  • the device includes tubular cylindrical explosive charges, ignition charges, and a geophysical cable, a so-called logging cable, with explosive charge fasteners.
  • the cable can be inside a winding cable, so that the gas generator can also be used for angled, directed and horizontal holes.
  • burning the cylindrical explosive charges in the bore carried a thermo-chemical treatment and an air pressure treatment of the rock. If a perforation has been carried out in advance, the perforation channels are widened and cleaned, and fine cracks are formed in the rock. At high pressure of the gas generators these processes are amplified. Under certain circumstances, extensive cracks may form.
  • a disadvantage of this method is that the escaping gases spread rapidly in the well, and consequently the amount of energy available in the area of the well to be treated is relatively small.
  • US 2008/0271894 A1 discloses an apparatus and method for creating perforations in subterranean rock layers.
  • a carrier explosive charges are mounted, which produce perforations in the adjacent rock after ignition and expand by increasing the pressure.
  • the device is provided with sealing elements which deform with increasing pressure such that they rest against the borehole wall and thereby limit the space of pressure development.
  • the device includes a tubular body in which fuel and an igniter are arranged. After ignition of the fuel, the temperature in the device rises very rapidly. Water that is in the wellbore around the device partially vaporizes, causing pressure surges. The forming vapor as well as the pressure waves cause generation or widening of perforations in the adjacent rock.
  • a device for well stimulation in which a solid fuel is arranged on a rod or a rope between two boundary elements.
  • the fuel is in the form of cylindrical charge units having an axial recess through which the rod or rope is passed.
  • structural design elements such as sleeves or packings, are disclosed which ensure that the steam which forms when the fuel burns off is directed in a targeted manner into the desired perforation area of the borehole.
  • WO 2012/150906 A1 discloses a tubular thermo-pulse generator for well stimulation in which fuel is located in an upper region of the tube and separated from a lower, empty region by a membrane.
  • the lower area is provided with openings through which wellbore fluid can flow into the interior of this tube area.
  • the membrane is destroyed so that hot burnt residues such as slag fall into the lower tube area and come into direct contact with the liquid. This enhances the development of heat and the evaporation of the borehole fluid.
  • the object was to provide a device and a method for well stimulation by means of which the permeability of the rock around a region of the well can be targeted and efficiently improved.
  • the device should be simple in construction and inexpensive to manufacture.
  • the heat generator for borehole stimulation comprises a tubular fuel container with two or more separate, closed segments, which are arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction and are each at least partially filled with fuel. Furthermore, the heat generator comprises at least one igniter for igniting the fuel in at least one of the segments. The ends of the segments are connected such that the fuel in a subsequent segment is ignitable due to the evolution of heat upon combustion of the fuel in a preceding segment.
  • the fuel tank is made of several parts. Its outer wall is preferably made of a material that withstands the pressure and temperature stresses during burning of the fuel.
  • the wall thickness is preferably chosen so that the fuel container is not destroyed during combustion of the fuel. Among other things, it depends on the properties of the material from which the container is made, as well as on the properties and the amount of fuel used.
  • the outer wall of the fuel container is made of a steel, in particular of a high-strength, tough steel.
  • a steel in particular of a high-strength, tough steel.
  • pipes are usually used for the production of oil or gas, as fuel containers.
  • Such pipes are usually made of steel with an inner diameter of 8 to 40 cm and a length of 1 to 15 m. Their wall thickness is usually 1 to 10 mm.
  • the heat generator according to the invention comprises at least one igniter for igniting the fuel.
  • igniter depends on the fuel used. For example, electric igniters such as electric arc igniters or spiral igniters, or chemical detonators can be used as long as they have sufficient activation energy.
  • Activation of the electrical detonators preferably occurs via a conductive cable which is routed along the logging cable or in the logging cable from the surface of the bore to the electrical detonator.
  • a "logging cable” is here understood to mean a load-bearing cable to which the heat generator can be attached and with the aid of which the heat generator can be lowered from the surface into the bore.
  • the fuel container is designed as a one-piece tube, in which the segments are separated by separating elements extending in the interior of the tube over the entire tube cross-section.
  • the separating elements are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the fuel container.
  • Cylindrical structures made of plastic or metal whose outer diameter is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the tube are particularly preferably used as separating elements.
  • the heat generator can be made in this case, for example, by first filling fuel into the tube and then forcing a separator into the tube to form a closed segment. This process is repeated until the intended number of segments with the desired amount of fuel is present.
  • the separating elements are designed such that they are not destroyed when the fuel burns.
  • the separating elements may be made of a material whose melting point is above the temperature range prevailing during combustion of the fuel. Depending on the fuel used, combustion temperatures of more than 1000 ° C may occur inside the heat generator. Suitable materials for the production of a separating element are, for example, steels whose alloy is chosen such that their melting point is higher than the maximum temperature to be expected on combustion of the fuel.
  • the separating elements are made of a material whose melting point is below the temperature range arising during combustion. In this case, the material thickness of the separating elements is dimensioned so that the material begins to melt, but does not melt completely.
  • the material thickness may be at least 2 cm to 5 cm for a corresponding low melting point steel alloy.
  • the separating elements are not destroyed, but slow down the moving during the burning through the respective segment reaction front.
  • the material and the dimensions of the separators are chosen so that they heat up in a temperature range sufficient to activate the reaction in the respective subsequent segment.
  • the separating elements are made of a material whose melting point is significantly lower than the temperature range prevailing during combustion of the fuel.
  • the separating elements brake the reaction front migrating through the respective segment during the burnup.
  • the Due to the high level of heat generated during the reaction the separating elements are exposed to a temperature significantly above their melting point.
  • the respective separating element melts, the melt produced during the combustion of the fuel passes into the following segment and releases so much heat that the reaction is activated there.
  • plastics having a melting temperature in the range of 150 ° C to 500 ° C or aluminum alloys having melting temperatures in the range of 600 ° C to 800 ° C are suitable for producing the separators for this embodiment.
  • the fuel container comprises two or more closed tubular containers, which form the segments and whose end faces are connected via connecting elements.
  • the tubular containers are at least partially, preferably completely, filled with fuel and their end faces are closed, for example by closure elements such as blind flanges.
  • the containers can be connected at their end faces in different ways via connecting elements.
  • An easy-to-implement way is that the containers are screwed by means of the connecting elements, for example by the containers are provided with an external thread on which a tubular connecting element is screwed with internal thread.
  • a further possibility of the connection is provided in that the ends of the containers to be connected are each provided with a flange as connecting element, and the flanges are connected to each other, e.g. by screwing. Even with union nuts or a bayonet lock, for example, connections between the tubular containers can be easily produced.
  • the end faces touch and are made of a material which ensures sufficient heat transfer for igniting the fuel in the subsequent segment.
  • the structural design of the end faces can also contribute to a good heat transfer. A large-scale edition of the two end faces is preferred in this regard.
  • the interconnected container ends are made of a material whose melting point is below the prevailing at combustion of the fuel temperature range.
  • sequential ignition of the fuel occurs by melting the respective separator and releasing so much heat in the subsequent segment that the reaction is activated there.
  • the container ends may be closed at their end faces, for example by closure elements in the form of caps or plugs, which are made of a plastic or an aluminum alloy.
  • the melting temperature of the material used is preferably from 150 ° C to 500 ° C in the case of plastic and from 600 ° C to 800 ° C in the case of the aluminum alloy.
  • the axial extent of the caps or plugs is preferably from 5 mm to 50 mm.
  • the closure elements ensure that the fuel can be safely stored and transported in the fuel container protected against environmental influences and transported before it is burned down when used in a borehole.
  • the longitudinal extent of the individual segments and the type and amount of fuel in the respective segments affect the intensity and duration of the heat development during the burning of a segment.
  • the longitudinal dimensions of the segments differ by no more than 10%, in particular not more than 1% from one another.
  • the distance of the separating elements or the length of the respective pipe sections is selected accordingly.
  • these pipe sections are preferably the same length.
  • a suitable length division is intervals of 50 cm, starting from segment lengths of one meter to five meters.
  • the longitudinal extent of the segments are selected such that they correspond to the axial extent of the bore through the perforation region.
  • the longitudinal extent of the heat generator over all segments is chosen so that it corresponds to the axial extent of the bore through the perforation region.
  • the perforation area is understood here and below to mean the area of a conveying horizon in which perforation holes and perforation channels are already present.
  • the axial extent of the perforation region corresponds to the thickness of the rock layer from which the fluid, e.g. Oil or natural gas, to be promoted.
  • the outer diameters of the segments are preferably from 8 to 15 cm, in particular from 10 to 12 cm.
  • the diameter is advantageously chosen to be 10% to 30% smaller than the inside diameter of the borehole in the area where the heat generator is used. This has a beneficial effect on the efficiency of the well's stimulation.
  • the segments have a circular cross-section.
  • other cross-sectional shapes are also covered by the invention, in which case the outside diameter is understood to be the greatest distance between two points on the cross-sectional area.
  • spacers are mounted on the outside of the heat generator, which have an extent of at least 5 mm, in particular at least 10 mm in the radial direction.
  • at least three spacers are distributed over the circumference so mounted that the heat generator in each radial direction has a predetermined minimum distance from the inner wall of the bore.
  • spacers are preferably arranged at a distance of 0.5 m to 3 m, so that the heat generator over the entire length is not in contact with the inner wall of the hole comes.
  • the spacers may be designed, for example, as ribs or finger-shaped. They are preferably made of a similar temperature-stable material as the wall of the heat carrier and firmly connected to this, eg welded.
  • a metal-thermal mixture is used as the fuel.
  • metal mixtures mixtures of metals with metal oxides are referred to here and below, which react exothermically after activation of the redox reaction to form the metal originally contained in the metal oxide.
  • a preferred subgroup are metal-thermal mixtures in which aluminum is used as the reactant of the metal oxides. Such mixtures are referred to below as “aluminothermic”.
  • a “thermite” is in particular a mixture of iron (III) oxide and aluminum, which is produced, for example, by Elektro-Thermit GmbH & Co. KG (Halle / Saale) and can be obtained there.
  • the resulting temperature range at the end of Thermitre syndrome and the released reaction enthalpy can be adjusted by appropriate choice of the reactants and optionally the addition of additives.
  • other metal-thermal mixtures such as nickel (II) oxide and magnesium, iron (III) oxide and silicon, chromium (III) oxide and magnesium, molybdenum (VI) oxide and silicon and aluminum , Vanadium (V) oxide and silicon. When these mixtures burn, temperatures of up to 2500 ° C may arise.
  • metal-thermal mixtures including iron oxide, aluminum powder, clay, and a metal-phosphate binder is disclosed in the document RU 2062194 C1 known. These mixtures have a comparatively low specific heat generation and a maximum temperature during burning of about 1930 ° C.
  • aluminothermic mixture comprising aluminum as a reducing agent and CuO, FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 , TiO 2 , Cr 2 O 3 and / or SiO 2 as oxidizing agent.
  • aluminothermic mixtures are inexpensive compared to other metallothermal mixtures and cover a wide range of applications with respect to the ignition temperature, the developing maximum temperature at the burning of the fuel and the burning rate.
  • a metallothermal mixture in which predominantly a slag-like reaction product is formed.
  • aluminothermic mixtures these are also referred to as "annealers”.
  • Such mixtures contain, in addition to the reaction partners required for the redox reaction, further components which dampen the reaction. Although the mixture reacts completely with appropriate release of heat, but the resulting molten metal solidifies very quickly, so it does not come to a macroscopic mass flow.
  • the reaction product is present as a metal slag foam.
  • different fuels are arranged in a segment.
  • a metallothermal mixture is arranged in an upper region of the segment, in the reaction predominantly a slag-like reaction product is formed, in particular Glühherhermit, while the lower portion of the segment is filled with a metallothermal mixture, in the reaction predominantly one liquid reaction product is formed, in particular so-called Reinthermit.
  • Reinthermit aluminothermic mixtures are referred to, which include only the metal oxide and aluminum without the addition of steel formers such as carbon or ferro-manganese.
  • the reaction products formed during the combustion of these mixtures are liquid metal and an aluminum slag.
  • the metallothermal mixture occupies a proportion of 50% to 80% of the internal volume of the relevant segment. It is particularly preferred in this embodiment to use annealing clay with a further aluminothermic mixture, in particular pure ether.
  • both solid slag-like products and liquid metal are formed in the reaction, which can serve for example for melting the separating elements or the closure elements and thus for transporting heat of reaction in a subsequent segment. At the same time as uniform a temperature range over a certain length of the fuel tank is guaranteed.
  • the fuel can be present in different forms in the segments, for example as a solid body, pasty mass or finely divided bulk material.
  • the solid body may e.g. be made by pressing with or without binder.
  • the heat generator can be made in advance in parts and transported to the well, for example, individual pipe sections that are filled with fuel. On site, the items can be easily assembled and adapted to the specific requirements, for example, by depending on requirements, a corresponding number of pipe sections are bolted together. Lengths of individual pipe sections of one to three meters are preferred from a manufacturing point of view and with a view to easy transport to the borehole. The total length of the heat generator depends on the respective requirements and can be, for example, from two to twenty meters.
  • the heat generator can be introduced by known means such as winch and Loggingtiv in the borehole and removed again from it.
  • the invention further includes a method for well stimulation in which a heat generator according to the invention is introduced into a borehole and positioned so that the uppermost segment is located at the perforation area of the bore, then the fuel is ignited in the uppermost segment, and after the ignition of the Fuel the Heat generator is pulled upwards and positioned so that the burning segment is equal to the perforation area of the bore.
  • the borehole liquid which surrounds the heat transfer medium in the region of the burned-off segment is strongly heated, preferably in temperature ranges of its boiling point.
  • the hot liquid and the resulting vapor clean the adjacent perforation area of the bore.
  • the heat generator is pulled up continuously at a speed which corresponds to the speed of the reaction front in the segment which is being burned.
  • the heat generator is pulled up in steps by the length of the segment burned up.
  • the method according to the invention for borehole stimulation is characterized in that the overall duration of pressure generation and stimulation of the rock is increased in comparison to known methods. Furthermore, the arrangement of the fuel in segments and the sequential ignition of the segments generate intermittent steam and water pressure waves in the borehole. During burning in a segment, there is a high pressure and a high temperature in the area of the perforation openings in the delivery horizon. After the reaction lapses until the reaction in the next segment ignites, the pressure and temperature in the production horizon drop again. This has a beneficial effect on the cleaning and stimulation of the perforation openings.
  • the duration and intensity of the intervals can be set individually. Design parameters are, for example, the number and length of the segments, the type and amount of fuels in the respective segments and the materials of the fuel container, the separating elements or closure elements.
  • the heat generator according to the invention is characterized by a simple construction, which is inexpensive to manufacture and easy to use.
  • the heat generator can be made to stock, possibly in individual parts, and stored without problems for a long time.
  • when using an aluminothermic mixture as a fuel occur when burned the fuel no potentially harmful gases.
  • the Fig. 1 to 4 represent schematic sectional drawings of a bore 10 in an underground deposit.
  • the bore 10 is provided with a lining 11, for example a steel pipe.
  • the liner 11 prevents loose rock adjacent to the well from falling into the wellbore and typically breaking formation pressurized formation fluids such as formation water into the well in large quantities.
  • the lining 11 has a plurality of perforation openings 12.
  • ball perforation or jet perforation perforation channels 14 were generated in the delivery horizon 15. Via the perforation channels 14 to be pumped fluids, such as natural gas or petroleum, through the perforations 12 into the hole and can be promoted to the surface.
  • the inner wall of the lining 11 is cylindrical or stepwise cylindrical with a circular cross-section. In a stepwise cylindrical configuration, the diameter of the circular cross section gradually decreases in the axial direction downwards.
  • the fuel container 22 of the heat generator is connected via a suspension 21 with the logging cable 20, which can be moved via a winch on the surface.
  • Fig. 1 shows an example of a heat generator.
  • a tubular fuel container 22 is attached via a suspension 21.
  • the fuel container 22 is designed as a one-piece tube, which is bounded above and below by a closure element 25.
  • a closure element 25 In the interior, there are three separating elements 24 in the example shown, which divide the interior into four segments 23. The separating elements 24 extend over the entire pipe cross-section, so that the segments 23 are each closed.
  • the segments are completely filled with fuel 30, in this example an aluminothermic mixture comprising the components Al, FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 and SiO 2 .
  • an igniter 40 is mounted which is capable of igniting the fuel in this segment, for example an electric igniter such as an arc igniter or spiro igniter, or a chemical igniter whose composition makes it possible to ignite the aluminothermic mixture.
  • an electric igniter such as an arc igniter or spiro igniter
  • a chemical igniter whose composition makes it possible to ignite the aluminothermic mixture.
  • the heat generator is placed in the borehole 10 in the region of the perforation openings 12 in the delivery horizon 15.
  • the reaction in the uppermost segment is activated via the igniter 40.
  • the activation or ignition temperature depends on the composition of the aluminothermic mixture and may be from 600 ° C to 1300 ° C.
  • the highly exothermic reaction begins in the vicinity of the igniter 40 in the uppermost segment. After the initial ignition, the reaction moves downwards at a rate of about one centimeter to one meter per second depending on the concrete mixture.
  • This liquid metal can arise, for example, liquid iron in the classical Thermitretress comprising Al and Fe 2 O 3 or Al and Fe 3 O 4 as a reactant.
  • the use of annealer gives solid slag-like products.
  • thermite mixtures contain as components aluminum powder and iron oxide of a low oxidation state.
  • An example is a mixture of 76% by weight of Fe 3 O 4 and 24% by weight of Al, which reacts with release of heat to give 45% by weight of Al 2 O 3 and 55% by weight of elemental iron.
  • the reaction products have low flowability and solidify quickly.
  • the density of the thermite mixture is about 2 t / m 3 .
  • the tube wall of the fuel container 22 and the separating elements 24 are strongly heated.
  • the separating elements 24 are made of a material whose melting point is above the prevailing at the burning of the fuel temperature range.
  • the separating elements 24 are not destroyed by the Thermitre force, but brake the reaction front 31 from. However, they heat up to a temperature range which is sufficient to activate the Thermitre force in the subsequent segment. So migrates the reaction front 31 from top to bottom through the fuel container 22 until all the fuel 30 is used up.
  • the separating elements 24 are made of a material whose melting point is below the temperature range prevailing during combustion of the fuel.
  • the reaction is also activated in this case by the igniter 40 and continues first in the uppermost segment migrating down. As soon as the reaction front 31 reaches the first separation element, the reaction ceases because all the fuel has been consumed. However, due to the high heat generation during the reaction, the separator is exposed to a temperature which is above its melting point. For example, in a reaction in which liquid metal is formed, the liquid metal collects above the separator and is in direct contact with it.
  • the separating element melts and releases so much heat in the following segment that the reaction is activated there, eg by inflowing liquid metal.
  • the reaction continues in this case from segment to segment until the lower end of the fuel container 22 is reached.
  • the closure element 25 at the lower end of the fuel container 22 is preferably made of a material whose melting point is above the prevailing at the burning of the fuel temperature range. This ensures that the reaction products of the thermite reaction do not get into the borehole.
  • the fuel container 22 may be made of a steel tube, as commonly used in oil production and referred to as "tubing", for example of the type H-40, C-75, N-80 or P-105.
  • the closure member 25 and the non-melting partitions 24 in the case of the embodiment according to Fig. 1b can be made of the same steel.
  • suitable materials such as plastic, aluminum or a low melting point iron alloy.
  • Fig. 2 is another example of a heat generator shown.
  • a tubular fuel container 22 is attached via a suspension 21.
  • the fuel container 22 is composed of three closed, tubular containers which form three segments 23 of the fuel container 22.
  • the containers are connected to each other at their ends by means of connecting elements 27, for example screwed.
  • the segments are completely filled with fuel 30, in this example an aluminothermic mixture comprising the components Al, FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 and SiO 2 .
  • an igniter 40 is mounted, which is suitable for igniting the fuel in this segment, for example an electric igniter.
  • the tubular containers are closed at their front sides with closure elements 25.
  • the adjacent closure elements 25 of adjacent segments are made of a Made of material whose melting point is below the temperature prevailing during combustion of the fuel temperature range, for example, a suitably selected plastic or metal.
  • the heat generator is placed in the borehole 10 in the region of the perforation openings 12 in the delivery horizon 15.
  • the reaction in the uppermost segment is activated via the igniter 40.
  • the highly exothermic Thermitre quasi begins in the vicinity of the igniter 40 in the uppermost segment.
  • the reaction moves downwards at a rate of about one centimeter to one meter per second depending on the concrete mixture.
  • This liquid metal can arise, for example, liquid iron in the classical Thermitre syndrome.
  • the reaction in this segment ceases, since all the fuel has been consumed.
  • the closure element is exposed to a temperature which is above its melting point.
  • the liquid metal collects above the closure element and is in direct contact with it.
  • the closure element melts and allows liquid metal to flow onto the upper closure element of the subsequent segment.
  • This closure element also melts and allows liquid metal to penetrate into the interior of the container. This releases so much heat that the reaction in this segment is activated.
  • the reaction front 31 migrates in this way through all the segments until the lower end of the fuel container 22 is reached.
  • closure elements 25 In order to activate the reactions in the respective subsequent segments, it is not necessary for the closure elements 25 to melt completely. It suffices to melt a hole through which the hot, liquid metal can flow downwards.
  • the closure element 25 at the lower end of the fuel container 22 is preferably made of a material whose melting point is above the prevailing at the burning of the fuel temperature range. This ensures that the reaction products of the thermite reaction do not get into the borehole.
  • the individual tubular containers may be filled with different fuels.
  • the container forming the lowermost segment is completely filled with annealing bulb 33.
  • the containers located above are also filled in their upper part with Glühthermit 33, while the respective lower part is filled with a Thermitmischung 32, in the burn mainly produces liquid reaction products, in particular Reinthermit.
  • the annealer 33 occupies a proportion of 50% to 80% of the total internal volume of the container.
  • the remaining 50% to 20% of the internal volume are filled with the Thermitmischung, in the burn-off predominantly liquid reaction products.
  • solid slag-like products as well as liquid metal which melts, form during the reaction in the interior of the fuel container the closure elements and thus serves to transport heat of reaction in the subsequent segment.
  • the proportion of glow in the inner volume is preferably matched to the properties of the closure elements. The higher its melting point, the lower the proportion of glowing is chosen. If the closure elements are made, for example, from a low-melting plastic, the proportion of Glühherhermit can be up to 80%. For example, in the case of closure elements made of a higher-melting aluminum alloy, the proportion of glowing should be in the region of 50%.
  • Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of a heat generator according to the invention.
  • the fuel container 22 comprises three closed, tubular containers which form three segments 23 of the fuel container 22.
  • the containers are connected to each other at their ends by means of connecting elements 27, for example screwed.
  • the closure elements 25 on the end faces of the respective containers are made of a material whose melting point is above the temperature range prevailing during combustion of the fuel.
  • the containers are assembled such that the respective closure elements 25 of adjacent segments 23 touch each other.
  • the activation of the reaction in the respective subsequent segment is effected by heat transfer via the closure elements 25 of the container.
  • an additional pipe jacket 28 is provided at the lowermost end of the fuel container 22, which is made of a material whose melting point is above the temperature range prevailing during combustion of the fuel.
  • this measure can also be taken in all other embodiments.
  • the embodiments according to Fig. 2 and 3 Furthermore, the advantage that they can be flexibly adapted to the particular conditions of a specific hole due to their modular structure.
  • the length of the fuel container can be easily adapted to the respective geological conditions. Even fuel containers with a total length of more than 20 meters can be easily realized by the modular design.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates an embodiment of the method according to the invention for borehole stimulation.
  • a heat generator according to the invention in this example a heat generator according to Fig. 3 , is placed in a wellbore 10 and positioned so that the uppermost segment is at the level of the perforation area of the bore.
  • the thickness of the perforation zone, in Fig. 4 hatched in this example is about three meters.
  • the lengths of the tubular containers 23 are adapted to the perforation zone and each amount to three meters.
  • the design parameters for the heat generator are chosen such that the burn time per segment is about two minutes and there is a transition time to ignite the fuel in the next segment of about one minute.
  • the heat generator After ignition of the fuel in the uppermost segment, the heat generator is pulled up and positioned so that the burning segment is equal to the perforation area of the bore.
  • the heat generator is pulled up continuously at a speed which corresponds to the speed of the reaction front 31 in the segment which is being burned.
  • continuous is understood to include a time-gradual movement, for example, in a second or minute cycle.
  • the heat generator is pulled upwards step by step in the respective subsequent segment by the length of the segment burnt, in the example by three meters.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
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Claims (11)

  1. Générateur de chaleur destiné à stimuler un puits de forage dans une zone de perforation d'un trou de forage, comprenant un réservoir de combustible (22) tubulaire avec deux segments (23) ou plus séparés les uns des autres, fermés, qui sont disposés les uns derrière les autres dans la direction longitudinale et sont remplis respectivement au moins en partie de combustible (30, 32, 33), ainsi qu'au moins un allumeur (40) servant à allumer le combustible dans au moins un des segments (23), caractérisé en ce que le réservoir de combustible (22) comprend deux contenants ou plus fermés tubulaires, qui forment les segments (23) et dont les côtés frontaux sont reliés par l'intermédiaire d'éléments de liaison (27) de sorte que le combustible dans un segment suivant puisse être allumé sous l'effet de la chaleur générée lors de la combustion du combustible dans un segment précédent,
    dans lequel les côtés frontaux sont en contact et sont fabriqués à partir d'un matériau, qui garantit un transfert de chaleur suffisant pour allumer le combustible (30, 32, 33) dans le segment (23) suivant.
  2. Générateur de chaleur selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les extrémités de contenant reliées les unes aux autres sont fabriquées à partir d'un matériau, dont le point de fusion se situe sous la plage de températures régnant lors de la combustion du combustible (30, 32, 33).
  3. Générateur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2,
    dans lequel les allongements longitudinaux des segments (23) ne diffèrent pas les uns des autres de plus de 10 %, en particulier de plus de 1 %.
  4. Générateur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3,
    dans lequel les allongements longitudinaux des segments (23) sont choisis de telle sorte qu'ils correspondent à l'allongement axial du trou de forage à travers la zone de perforation.
  5. Générateur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4,
    dans lequel l'allongement longitudinal du générateur de chaleur est choisi sur tous les segments de telle sorte qu'il correspond à l'allongement axial du trou de forage à travers la zone de perforation.
  6. Générateur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel le combustible (30, 32, 33) est un mélange métallothermique.
  7. Générateur de chaleur selon la revendication 6,
    dans lequel le combustible (30, 32, 33) comprend de l'aluminium en tant qu'agent de réduction ainsi que CuO, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, TiO2, Cr2O3 et/ou SiO2 en tant qu'agent d'oxydation.
  8. Générateur de chaleur selon la revendication 7,
    dans lequel est disposé dans une zone supérieure d'un segment (23) un mélange (33) métallothermique, lors de la réaction duquel se forme majoritairement un produit de réaction de type scories, et la zone inférieure du segment (23) est remplie d'un mélange (32) métallothermique, lors de la réaction duquel se forme majoritairement un produit de réaction liquide.
  9. Procédé destiné à la stimulation de puits de forage, caractérisé en ce qu'un générateur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8 est introduit et positionné dans un puits de forage de telle sorte que le segment le plus haut se trouve en haut de la zone de perforation du trou de forage, ensuite le combustible est allumé dans le segment le plus haut et, après l'allumage du combustible, le générateur de chaleur est tiré vers le haut et positionné de telle sorte que le segment se trouvant en combustion se trouve en haut de la zone de perforation du trou de forage.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9,
    dans lequel le générateur de chaleur est tiré vers le haut en continu à une vitesse, qui correspond à la vitesse du front de réaction dans le segment se trouvant en combustion.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 9, dans lequel le générateur de chaleur est tiré vers le haut après l'allumage du combustible dans le segment respectivement suivant progressivement sur la longueur du segment se trouvant en combustion.
EP13799529.6A 2012-12-13 2013-12-03 Dispositif et procédé de stimulation d'un puits de forage Not-in-force EP2932026B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13799529.6A EP2932026B1 (fr) 2012-12-13 2013-12-03 Dispositif et procédé de stimulation d'un puits de forage

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12197036 2012-12-13
EP13799529.6A EP2932026B1 (fr) 2012-12-13 2013-12-03 Dispositif et procédé de stimulation d'un puits de forage
PCT/EP2013/075344 WO2014090630A1 (fr) 2012-12-13 2013-12-03 Dispositif et procédé de stimulation d'un forage

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2932026A1 EP2932026A1 (fr) 2015-10-21
EP2932026B1 true EP2932026B1 (fr) 2019-02-20

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EP13799529.6A Not-in-force EP2932026B1 (fr) 2012-12-13 2013-12-03 Dispositif et procédé de stimulation d'un puits de forage

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US (1) US9856725B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2932026B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2893312C (fr)
RU (1) RU2015127889A (fr)
WO (1) WO2014090630A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105937386A (zh) * 2016-06-28 2016-09-14 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 一种分层点火工艺管柱及其分层点火的方法
CN106761637B (zh) * 2016-12-13 2019-03-12 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 火烧油层点火方法及装置

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2254443A (en) * 1938-06-14 1941-09-02 Mabel E Richart Method of treating wells
US3422760A (en) * 1966-10-05 1969-01-21 Petroleum Tool Research Inc Gas-generating device for stimulating the flow of well fluids
US3520364A (en) * 1968-02-28 1970-07-14 Texaco Inc Method and apparatus for initiating in situ combustion
US5431224A (en) 1994-04-19 1995-07-11 Mobil Oil Corporation Method of thermal stimulation for recovery of hydrocarbons
RU2062194C1 (ru) 1994-06-15 1996-06-20 Сальников Вадим Михайлович Состав безгазового термитного топлива
US7431075B2 (en) * 2004-10-05 2008-10-07 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Propellant fracturing of wells
RU2291289C2 (ru) 2005-02-18 2007-01-10 Василий Петрович Кобяков Термоимпульсный способ обработки призабойной зоны нефтяных скважин
RU2311529C2 (ru) 2006-01-10 2007-11-27 Федеральное казенное предприятие "Пермский пороховой завод" (ФКП "Пермский пороховой завод") Газогенератор на твердом топливе для обработки нефтегазовых скважин
US7810569B2 (en) 2007-05-03 2010-10-12 Baker Hughes Incorporated Method and apparatus for subterranean fracturing
CA2761153A1 (fr) * 2010-12-02 2012-06-02 Wintershall Holding GmbH Dispositif et procede pour la stimulation de puits
MX2012015029A (es) * 2011-05-03 2013-05-22 Rusinko Pte Ltd Generador por pulsos termicos.

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US9856725B2 (en) 2018-01-02
RU2015127889A (ru) 2017-01-24
EP2932026A1 (fr) 2015-10-21
CA2893312C (fr) 2020-03-24
CA2893312A1 (fr) 2014-06-19
WO2014090630A1 (fr) 2014-06-19
US20150300127A1 (en) 2015-10-22

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