EP2931004B1 - Heating element - Google Patents
Heating element Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2931004B1 EP2931004B1 EP15162778.3A EP15162778A EP2931004B1 EP 2931004 B1 EP2931004 B1 EP 2931004B1 EP 15162778 A EP15162778 A EP 15162778A EP 2931004 B1 EP2931004 B1 EP 2931004B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heating element
- element according
- warp threads
- electrically conductive
- weft threads
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
- H05B3/342—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles
- H05B3/347—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles woven fabrics
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
- H05B3/36—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heating conductor embedded in insulating material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/014—Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
- H05B2203/015—Heater wherein the heating element is interwoven with the textile
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
- H05B2214/04—Heating means manufactured by using nanotechnology
Definitions
- the invention relates to a planar heating element comprising a fabric which is provided with a coating containing carbon nanotubes.
- Carbon nanotubes are already known to serve as a source of heat.
- CNT-based heating elements with a separate planar support, which carries carbon nanotubes and a plurality of contacts, wherein the carbon nanotubes are excitable by applying an electrical voltage to the contacts for infrared emission, are out DE 10 200 008 967 B4 .
- DE 20 2006 007 228 U1 .
- DE 20 2008 007 815 U1 .
- the WO 2013/072338 A2 discloses a sheet-like heating element comprising a fabric.
- the fabric contains warp threads and weft threads. A part of the warp threads and / or weft threads is electrically conductive. A part of the surface of the thread material is coated with a coating material containing carbon nanotubes.
- a disadvantage of this fabric is that many fire protection requirements with such fabrics can not or only with difficulty be met.
- the heat-insulating layer has a density in a range of 15 to 200 kg / m 3 .
- the heat-insulating layer preferably comprises a foam.
- the heat-insulating layer consists of a thermoplastic.
- the heat-insulating layer consists of a foam made of polyolefin, in particular polyethylene or polypropylene.
- the thickness of the heat-insulating layer is preferably in a range of 3 to 50 mm.
- the thermal conductivity (+ 30 ° C) of the heat-insulating layer is preferably in a range of 0.01 to 0.06 W / mK. This can be measured according to the standard MSZ EN 12667: 2001 E.
- the warp threads and / or weft threads whose thread material is electrically conductive preferably consist of strands, particularly preferably copper strands.
- the warp threads and / or weft threads are electrically conductive.
- the strands preferably have 25 to 200 strands, particularly preferably 50 to 150 strands.
- a strand of up to 20 wires is used for a similar though not comparable use.
- such a small number of wires had the disadvantage that the electrical connections could not be made so reliably automated.
- the skilled person rather chose a small number of wires, since he could save weight, cost and material and strands with fewer wires were common in similar applications.
- a higher than usual number of wires has significantly improved the safety and reliability of the heating element according to the invention.
- the strands are integrated into an electrical circuit via a crimp connection, more preferably via a mandrel crimp connection or an F crimp connection.
- the strands have been soldered in similar applications. This had the disadvantage that the solder joint was often defective, since the carbon nanotubes have efficiently removed the heat and in the past either the heating element was damaged by too high heat during soldering or the solder joint was not conductive.
- a mandrel crimp connection or an F crimp connection produces a more reliable heating element compared to the prior art.
- the compounds are preferably made of copper.
- the coating material contains at least 10 wt%, more preferably at least 50 wt%, most preferably at least 90 wt%, most preferably 100 wt% carbon nanotubes.
- the carbon nanotubes are preferably anisotropically arranged in the coating material.
- the coating with the coating material preferably has a thickness in a range of 0.1 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the carbon nanotubes particularly preferably have an average length (median) of 1 to 200 ⁇ m. More preferably, the carbon nanotubes have an average diameter (median) of 5 to 20 nm.
- At least 90%, most preferably 100%, of the surface of the thread material is coated with a coating material containing carbon nanotubes.
- the thread material also be coated on one side only. This would have advantages for applications such as turf heating or wall installation, since then the heat is predominantly emitted in one direction only.
- individual warp threads and / or weft threads of electrically conductive thread material are not surrounded on both sides of the respective thread by warp threads and / or weft threads made of non-electrically conductive thread material.
- warp threads and / or weft threads made of electrically conductive thread material are always arranged in groups of 3 to 10 adjacent warp threads and / or weft threads made of electrically conductive thread material.
- the warp threads and / or weft threads preferably have a diameter of 0.1 to 5 mm, particularly preferably 0.2 to 0.8 mm.
- the warp threads and / or weft threads are preferably spaced apart from one another by 2 to 50 mm, in particular 3 to 10 mm.
- the fabric is cast in a synthetic resin.
- the basis weight of the synthetic resin is preferably in a range of 150% to 3,000%, more preferably in a range of 300 to 1,000% of the basis weight of the fabric.
- the fabric can be spaced from the heat-insulating layer.
- this can be effected by the electrical insulation of the tissue.
- the molded in synthetic resin tissue is preferably flexible.
- the synthetic resin may have holes, which in turn are preferably arranged centrally in the mesh of the fabric. This allows the fabric to be water permeable, which is important in applications such as turf heating.
- This insulating layer is additionally arranged around the coating material.
- This insulating layer preferably has a thickness in a range of 0.1 to 4 mm.
- This insulating layer preferably contains an elastomer and most preferably a butadiene-styrene copolymer. This has the advantage that the warp and weft threads are then fixed relative to each other but flexible.
- the heating element according to the invention preferably has a covering surrounding the fabric and optionally the heat-insulating layer.
- This envelope is preferably spaced from the fabric by at least 0.2 mm, in particular at least 1 mm.
- the sheath preferably has a carrier fabric.
- This carrier fabric is preferably a polyester fabric.
- the yarn count of the carrier fabric is preferably in a range of 900 to 1500 dtex and can be measured according to DIN EN ISO 2060.
- the basis weight of the carrier fabric is preferably in a range of 100 to 200 g / m 2 .
- the wrapper preferably contains a thermoplastic material other than polyester. This material is preferably PVC.
- the weight per unit area of the cover is preferably in a range of 300 to 600 g / m 2 .
- the sheath preferably has a thickness in a range of 0.5 to 2 mm.
- the heating element can be switched on and off, for example, via a temperature sensor at the set target temperature and / or via a self-learning control.
- the heating element according to the invention may be a lawn heating or used as such.
- warp threads and / or weft threads are then spaced from each other 4 to 80 mm, in particular 10 to 50 mm apart.
- the electrically conductive threads are the warp threads.
- These electrically conductive warp threads can preferably be objected to at least 1 m.
- the heating element according to the invention can be a space heating and / or external heating or used as such.
- the fabric consisted of glass fiber threads with a mesh size of 7 x 5 mm and a width of 2.00 m as endless rolls.
- the Textile had on each of fifty successive weft threads of glass fiber filaments 7 copper filaments of copper strand with 72 cores instead of the glass fiber filaments. All threads each had a diameter of 0.5 mm. From the roll goods a piece with a length of 1.40 m was cut off.
- the finishing of the textile was completed by applying twice a water-repellent and electrically insulating protective layer of butadiene-styrene copolymer.
- the copper filaments were each electrically connected with a mandrel crimp connection.
- the fabric was then double-coated with commercially available PVC plastic so that the fabric had a 1 mm thick layer of this plastic on both sides.
- this composite was provided on one side over its entire surface with a heat-insulating layer.
- the cast-in tissue was laminated with 10 mm thick Polifoam® FR C 3309 DN1 F11 from Trocellen.
- This composite was placed in a cover made of tent fabric (HyTex® piping H5533).
- the heating element was serially connected to the power.
- the heating power of the heating element was regulated via the connection voltage.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein flächiges Heizelement umfassend ein Gewebe, welches mit einer Kohlenstoffnanoröhren enthaltenden Beschichtung versehen ist.The invention relates to a planar heating element comprising a fabric which is provided with a coating containing carbon nanotubes.
Kohlenstoffnanoröhren (CNT) sind bereits dafür bekannt, als Wärmequelle zu dienen. CNT-basierte Heizelemente mit separatem flächigen Träger, der Kohlenstoffnanoröhren sowie eine Mehrzahl von Kontakten trägt, wobei die Kohlenstoffnanoröhren durch Anlegen einer elektrischen Spannung an die Kontakte zur Infrarot-Emission anregbar sind, sind aus
Die
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein möglichst flexibles, sicheres und effektives flächiges Heizelement zur Verfügung zu stellen.
In einer ersten Ausführungsform wird die der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Aufgabe durch ein flächiges Heizelement umfassend ein Gewebe gelöst, das Kettfäden und Schussfäden enthält, wobei
- a) Fadenmaterial von 5% bis 90% der Kettfäden und/oder Schussfäden elektrisch leitfähig ist, und
- b) wenigstens 50% der Oberfläche des Fadenmaterials mit einem Beschichtungsmaterial enthaltend Kohlenstoffnanoröhren beschichtet ist
Ein weiterer Vorteil besteht darin, dass die Temperatur wesentlich homogener über eine Fläche verteilt abgegeben werden kann, als dies beispielsweise bei bisherigen Rasenheizungen der Fall ist.
Erfindungsgemäß weist das Heizelement wenigstens eine wärmeisolierende Schicht auf, die 0,1 bis 5 mm von dem Gewebe beabstandet ist. Diese wärmeisolierende Schicht ist vorzugsweise nur auf einer Seite des Gewebes angeordnet. Zusätzlich kann vorzugsweise eine wärmereflektierende Folie auf die wärmeisolierende Schicht aufgebracht, insbesondere aufkaschiert sein. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass das erfindungsgemäße Heizelement die erzeugte Wärme möglichst vollständig nur in eine Richtung abstrahlt. Zudem wurde überraschend gefunden, dass die wärmeisolierende Schicht vorzugsweise nicht direkt auf das Gewebe aufgebracht wird, sondern eben beabstandet ist. In vielen Versuchen hat sich gezeigt, dass das erfindungsgemäße Heizelement so sicherer betrieben werden kann und auch bei elektrischen Spannungsspitzen im Heizelement keine Gefahr der Überhitzung und möglicherweise Entflammung von den verwendeten Materialien besteht. Ein weiterer Vorteil der Beabstandung besteht darin, dass der Dämmstoff meistens ein Material ist, das sich mit Feuchtigkeit wie Wasser vollsaugen kann und ein elektrischer Kontakt kann durch die Beabstandung vermieden werden.The object of the present invention is to provide the most flexible, safe and effective planar heating element available.
In a first embodiment, the object underlying the invention is achieved by a flat heating element comprising a fabric containing warp threads and weft threads, wherein
- a) thread material of 5% to 90% of the warp threads and / or weft threads is electrically conductive, and
- b) at least 50% of the surface of the thread material is coated with a coating material containing carbon nanotubes
Another advantage is that the temperature can be distributed substantially more homogeneously over a surface, as is the case, for example, in previous lawn heaters.
According to the invention, the heating element has at least one heat-insulating layer, which is 0.1 to 5 mm apart from the tissue. This heat-insulating layer is preferably arranged only on one side of the fabric. In addition, a heat-reflecting film may preferably be applied to the heat-insulating layer, in particular laminated. This has the advantage that the heating element according to the invention radiates the heat generated as completely as possible in one direction only. In addition, it was surprisingly found that the heat-insulating layer is preferably not applied directly to the fabric, but is just spaced. In many experiments it has been shown that the heating element according to the invention can be operated so safely and also at electric voltage peaks in the heating element there is no risk of overheating and possibly ignition of the materials used. Another advantage of the spacing is that the insulating material is usually a material that can soak up moisture such as water and electrical contact can be avoided by the spacing.
Vorzugsweise weist die wärmeisolierende Schicht eine Dichte in einem Bereich von 15 bis 200 kg/m3 auf.Preferably, the heat-insulating layer has a density in a range of 15 to 200 kg / m 3 .
Unabhängig davon weist die wärmeisolierende Schicht vorzugsweise einen Schaumstoff auf. Besonders bevorzugt besteht die wärmeisolierende Schicht aus einem Thermoplast. Ganz besonders bevorzugt besteht die wärmeisolierende Schicht aus einem Schaumstoff aus Polyolefin, insbesondere Polyethylen oder Polypropylen.Regardless, the heat-insulating layer preferably comprises a foam. Particularly preferably, the heat-insulating layer consists of a thermoplastic. Most preferably, the heat-insulating layer consists of a foam made of polyolefin, in particular polyethylene or polypropylene.
Die Dicke der wärmeisolierenden Schicht liegt vorzugsweise in einem Bereich von 3 bis 50 mm.The thickness of the heat-insulating layer is preferably in a range of 3 to 50 mm.
Die Wärmeleitfähigkeit (+ 30 °C) der wärmeisolierenden Schicht liegt vorzugsweise in einem Bereich von 0,01 bis 0,06 W/mK. Diese kann nach der Norm MSZ EN 12667:2001 E gemessen werden.The thermal conductivity (+ 30 ° C) of the heat-insulating layer is preferably in a range of 0.01 to 0.06 W / mK. This can be measured according to the standard MSZ EN 12667: 2001 E.
Vorzugsweise bestehen die Kettfäden und/oder Schussfäden, deren Fadenmaterial elektrisch leitfähig ist, aus Litzen, besonders bevorzugt Kupferlitzen.The warp threads and / or weft threads whose thread material is electrically conductive preferably consist of strands, particularly preferably copper strands.
Vorzugsweise sind bis zu 20 % der Kettfäden und/oder Schussfäden elektrisch leitfähig.Preferably, up to 20% of the warp threads and / or weft threads are electrically conductive.
Vorzugsweise weisen die Litzen 25 bis 200 Adern, besonders bevorzugt 50 bis 150 Adern auf. Zuvor wurde beispielsweise in
Vorzugsweise sind wenigstens 50% der Litzen über eine Crimpverbindung, besonders bevorzugt über eine Dorn-Crimpverbindung oder eine F-Crimpverbindung, in einen elektrischen Stromkreis eingebunden. Bislang wurden die Litzen in ähnlichen Anwendungen verlötet. Dies hatte den Nachteil, dass die Lötstelle oft fehlerhaft war, da die Kohlenstoffnanoröhren die Wärme effizient abtransportiert haben und in der Vergangenheit entweder das Heizelement durch zu hohe Hitze beim Löten beschädigt wurde oder die Lötstelle nicht leitend war. Überraschend wurde im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung herausgefunden, dass besonders eine Dorn-Crimpverbindung oder eine F-Crimpverbindung ein im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik zuverlässigeres Heizelement erzeugt. Die Verbindungen bestehen vorzugsweise aus Kupfer.Preferably, at least 50% of the strands are integrated into an electrical circuit via a crimp connection, more preferably via a mandrel crimp connection or an F crimp connection. So far, the strands have been soldered in similar applications. This had the disadvantage that the solder joint was often defective, since the carbon nanotubes have efficiently removed the heat and in the past either the heating element was damaged by too high heat during soldering or the solder joint was not conductive. Surprisingly, it has been found within the scope of the present invention that particularly a mandrel crimp connection or an F crimp connection produces a more reliable heating element compared to the prior art. The compounds are preferably made of copper.
Vorzugsweise enthält das Beschichtungsmaterial wenigstens 10 Gew.%, besonders bevorzugt wenigstens 50 Gew.%, ganz besonders bevorzugt wenigstens 90 Gew.%, am meisten bevorzugt 100 Gew.% Kohlenstoffnanoröhren. Die Kohlenstoffnanoröhren sind in dem Beschichtungsmaterial vorzugsweise anisotrop angeordnet. Die Beschichtung mit dem Beschichtungsmaterial weist vorzugsweise eine Dicke in einem Bereich von 0,1 bis 100 µm auf. Besonders bevorzugt weisen die Kohlenstoffnanoröhren eine durchschnittliche Länge (Median) von 1 bis 200 µm auf. Besonders bevorzugt weisen die Kohlenstoffnanoröhren einen durchschnittlichen Durchmesser (Median) von 5 bis 20 nm auf.Preferably, the coating material contains at least 10 wt%, more preferably at least 50 wt%, most preferably at least 90 wt%, most preferably 100 wt% carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotubes are preferably anisotropically arranged in the coating material. The coating with the coating material preferably has a thickness in a range of 0.1 to 100 μm. The carbon nanotubes particularly preferably have an average length (median) of 1 to 200 μm. More preferably, the carbon nanotubes have an average diameter (median) of 5 to 20 nm.
Vorzugsweise ist wenigstens 90%, ganz besonders bevorzugt 100%, der Oberfläche des Fadenmaterials mit einem Beschichtungsmaterial enthaltend Kohlenstoffnanoröhren beschichtet. Alternativ kann das Fadenmaterials auch lediglich einseitig beschichtet sein. Dies hätte für Anwendungen wie eine Rasenheizung oder Wandeinbau Vorteile, da dann die Wärme überwiegend nur in eine Richtung abgestrahlt wird.Preferably, at least 90%, most preferably 100%, of the surface of the thread material is coated with a coating material containing carbon nanotubes. Alternatively, the thread material also be coated on one side only. This would have advantages for applications such as turf heating or wall installation, since then the heat is predominantly emitted in one direction only.
Vorzugsweise sind einzelne Kettfäden und/oder Schussfäden aus elektrisch leitfähigem Fadenmaterial nicht an beiden Seiten des jeweiligen Fadens von Kettfäden und/oder Schussfäden aus nicht elektrisch leitfähigem Fadenmaterial umgeben. Besonders bevorzugt sind Kettfäden und/oder Schussfäden aus elektrisch leitfähigem Fadenmaterial immer in Gruppen von 3 bis 10 nebeneinanderliegenden Kettfäden und/oder Schussfäden aus elektrisch leitfähigem Fadenmaterial angeordnet.Preferably, individual warp threads and / or weft threads of electrically conductive thread material are not surrounded on both sides of the respective thread by warp threads and / or weft threads made of non-electrically conductive thread material. Particularly preferably, warp threads and / or weft threads made of electrically conductive thread material are always arranged in groups of 3 to 10 adjacent warp threads and / or weft threads made of electrically conductive thread material.
Bevorzugt weisen die Kettfäden und/oder Schussfäden einen Durchmesser von 0,1 bis 5 mm, besonders bevorzugt 0,2 bis 0,8 mm auf.The warp threads and / or weft threads preferably have a diameter of 0.1 to 5 mm, particularly preferably 0.2 to 0.8 mm.
Vorzugsweise sind die Kettfäden und/oder Schussfäden voneinander 2 bis 50 mm, insbesondere 3 bis 10 mm voneinander beanstandet.The warp threads and / or weft threads are preferably spaced apart from one another by 2 to 50 mm, in particular 3 to 10 mm.
Vorzugsweise ist das Gewebe in einen Kunstharz eingegossen. Das Flächengewicht des Kunstharzes liegt vorzugsweise in einem Bereich von 150 % bis 3.000%, insbesondere in einem Bereich von 300 bis 1.000% des Flächengewichtes des Gewebes. Dadurch kann zum einen das Gewebe von der wärmeisolierenden Schicht beabstandet werden. Zum anderen kann hierdurch die elektrische Isolierung des Gewebes bewirkt werden. Das in Kunstharz eingegossene Gewebe ist vorzugsweise flexibel. Das Kunstharz kann Löcher aufweisen, die wiederum bevorzugt zentral in den Maschen des Gewebes angeordnet sind. Dadurch kann das Gewebe wasserdurchlässig sein, was bei Anwendungen wie einer Rasenheizung wichtig ist.Preferably, the fabric is cast in a synthetic resin. The basis weight of the synthetic resin is preferably in a range of 150% to 3,000%, more preferably in a range of 300 to 1,000% of the basis weight of the fabric. As a result, on the one hand the fabric can be spaced from the heat-insulating layer. On the other hand, this can be effected by the electrical insulation of the tissue. The molded in synthetic resin tissue is preferably flexible. The synthetic resin may have holes, which in turn are preferably arranged centrally in the mesh of the fabric. This allows the fabric to be water permeable, which is important in applications such as turf heating.
Um das Beschichtungsmaterial ist zusätzlich eine Isolierschicht angeordnet. Diese Isolierschicht weist vorzugsweise eine Dicke in einem Bereich von 0,1 bis 4 mm auf. Diese Isolierschicht enthält vorzugsweise ein Elastomer und ganz besonders bevorzugt ein Butadien-Styrol-Copolymer. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass die Kett- und Schussfäden dann relativ zueinander aber flexibel fixiert sind.An insulating layer is additionally arranged around the coating material. This insulating layer preferably has a thickness in a range of 0.1 to 4 mm. This insulating layer preferably contains an elastomer and most preferably a butadiene-styrene copolymer. This has the advantage that the warp and weft threads are then fixed relative to each other but flexible.
Das erfindungsgemäße Heizelement weist vorzugsweise eine das Gewebe und gegebenenfalls die wärmeisolierende Schicht umgebene Umhüllung auf. Diese Umhüllung ist vorzugsweise vom Gewebe wenigstens 0,2 mm, insbesondere wenigstens 1 mm beabstandet.The heating element according to the invention preferably has a covering surrounding the fabric and optionally the heat-insulating layer. This envelope is preferably spaced from the fabric by at least 0.2 mm, in particular at least 1 mm.
Die Umhüllung weist vorzugsweise ein Trägergewebe auf. Dieses Trägergewebe ist vorzugsweise ein Gewebe aus Polyester. Die Garnfeinheit des Trägergewebes liegt vorzugsweise in einem Bereich von 900 bis 1.500 dtex und kann nach DIN EN ISO 2060 gemessen werden. Das Flächengewicht des Trägergewebes liegt vorzugsweise in einem Bereich von 100 bis 200 g/m2. Die Umhüllung enthält vorzugsweise ein thermoplastisches Material, das von Polyester verschieden ist. Dieses Material ist vorzugsweise PVC. Das Flächengewicht der Umhüllung liegt vorzugsweise in einem Bereich von 300 bis 600 g/m2. Die Umhüllung weist vorzugsweise eine Dicke in einem Bereich von 0,5 bis 2 mm auf.The sheath preferably has a carrier fabric. This carrier fabric is preferably a polyester fabric. The yarn count of the carrier fabric is preferably in a range of 900 to 1500 dtex and can be measured according to DIN EN ISO 2060. The basis weight of the carrier fabric is preferably in a range of 100 to 200 g / m 2 . The wrapper preferably contains a thermoplastic material other than polyester. This material is preferably PVC. The weight per unit area of the cover is preferably in a range of 300 to 600 g / m 2 . The sheath preferably has a thickness in a range of 0.5 to 2 mm.
Das Heizelement kann beispielsweise über Temperaturfühler bei eingestellten Solltemperatur und/oder über eine selbstlernende Regelung ein- und ausgeschaltet werden.The heating element can be switched on and off, for example, via a temperature sensor at the set target temperature and / or via a self-learning control.
Vorzugsweise kann das erfindungsgemäße Heizelement eine Rasenheizung sein oder als solche verwendet werden. Vorzugsweise sind Kettfäden und/oder Schussfäden dann voneinander 4 bis 80 mm, insbesondere 10 bis 50 mm voneinander beabstandet. Dann sind vorzugsweise die elektrisch leitenden Fäden die Kettfäden. Diese elektrisch leitfähigen Kettfäden können vorzugsweise wenigstens 1 m beanstandet. Alternativ kann das erfindungsgemäße Heizelement eine Raumheizung und/oder Außenheizung sein oder als solche verwendet werden.Preferably, the heating element according to the invention may be a lawn heating or used as such. Preferably warp threads and / or weft threads are then spaced from each other 4 to 80 mm, in particular 10 to 50 mm apart. Then preferably the electrically conductive threads are the warp threads. These electrically conductive warp threads can preferably be objected to at least 1 m. Alternatively, the heating element according to the invention can be a space heating and / or external heating or used as such.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels erläutert. Das Gewebe bestand aus Glasfaserfäden mit einer Maschenweite von 7 x 5 mm und mit einer Breite von 2,00 m als endlose Rollenware. Das Textil wies auf jeweils fünfzig aufeinanderfolgenden Schussfäden aus Glasfaserfäden 7 Kupferfäden aus Kupferlitze mit 72 Adern anstelle der Glasfaserfäden auf. Alle Fäden hatten jeweils einen Durchmesser von 0,5 mm. Von der Rollenware wurde ein Stück mit einer Länge von 1,40 m abgeschnitten.The invention will be explained below with reference to an embodiment. The fabric consisted of glass fiber threads with a mesh size of 7 x 5 mm and a width of 2.00 m as endless rolls. The Textile had on each of fifty successive weft threads of glass fiber filaments 7 copper filaments of copper strand with 72 cores instead of the glass fiber filaments. All threads each had a diameter of 0.5 mm. From the roll goods a piece with a length of 1.40 m was cut off.
Auf das fertig gewebte Textil wurden Kohlenstoffnanoröhren in einer dreiprozentigen wässrigen Dispersion durch Tauchen aufgetragen. Nach jedem Tauchen wurde die entstandene Beschichtung getrocknet. Der Beschichtungsvorgang wurde zweimal wiederholt.On the finished woven fabric carbon nanotubes were applied by dipping in a three percent aqueous dispersion. After each dipping, the resulting coating was dried. The coating process was repeated twice.
Die Ausrüstung der Textile wurde durch entsprechendes zweimaliges Auftragen einer wasserabweisenden und elektrisch isolierenden Schutzschicht aus Butadien-Styrol-Copolymer abgeschlossen.The finishing of the textile was completed by applying twice a water-repellent and electrically insulating protective layer of butadiene-styrene copolymer.
Die Kupferfäden wurden jeweils mit einer Dorn-Crimpverbindung elektrisch angeschlossen.The copper filaments were each electrically connected with a mandrel crimp connection.
Das Gewebe wurde anschließend mit handelsüblichem PVC-Kunststoff zweifach beschichtet, so dass das Gewebe auf beiden Seiten eine 1 mm dicke Schicht aus diesem Kunststoff aufwies.The fabric was then double-coated with commercially available PVC plastic so that the fabric had a 1 mm thick layer of this plastic on both sides.
Anschließend wurde dieser Verbund auf einer Seite vollflächig mit einer wärmeisolierenden Schicht versehen. Dazu wurde das eingegossene Gewebe mit 10 mm dickem Polifoam® FR C 3309 DN1 F11 der Firma Trocellen laminiert.Subsequently, this composite was provided on one side over its entire surface with a heat-insulating layer. For this purpose, the cast-in tissue was laminated with 10 mm thick Polifoam® FR C 3309 DN1 F11 from Trocellen.
Dieser Verbund wurde in eine Umhüllung aus Zeltstoff (HyTex® Keder H5533) gesteckt.This composite was placed in a cover made of tent fabric (HyTex® piping H5533).
Das Heizelement wurden seriell am Strom angeschlossen.The heating element was serially connected to the power.
Die Heizleistung des Heizelements wurde über die Anschlussspannung geregelt.The heating power of the heating element was regulated via the connection voltage.
Claims (9)
- A sheet-like heating element comprising a fabric that contains warp threads and weft threads, whereina) the thread material of from 5% to 90% of the warp threads and/or weft threads is electrically conductive; andb) at least 50% of the thread material surface is coated with a coating material containing carbon nanotubes,characterised in that the heating element has at least one heat insulating layer spaced from the fabric by 0.1 to 5 mm, wherein an electrical insulating layer is arranged around the coating material.
- The heating element according to claim 1, characterised in that the warp threads and/or weft threads, the thread material thereof being electrically conductive, consist of strands, particularly preferably of copper strands.
- The heating element according to claim 2, characterised in that at least 50% of the strands are integrated in an electrical circuit by a crimp connection, particularly preferably by a mandrel crimp connection or an F-crimp connection.
- The heating element according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the coating material contains at least 10 % by weight, particularly preferably at least 50 % by weight of carbon nanotubes.
- The heating element according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that individual warp threads and/or weft threads made of an electrically conductive thread material are not surrounded by warp threads and/or weft threads made of a non-electrically conductive thread material on both sides, particularly preferably warp threads and/or weft threads made of an electrically conductive thread material are always arranged in groups of from 3 to 10 adjacent warp threads and/or weft threads made of an electrically conductive thread material.
- The heating element according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the warp threads and/or weft threads have a diameter of from 0.1 to 5 mm, particularly preferably of from 0.2 to 0.8 mm.
- The heating element according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the fabric is encapsulated in a synthetic resin.
- The heating element according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the coating material contains up to 90 % by weight, particularly preferably up to 50 % by weight of a thermoplastic and/or elastomer.
- The heating element according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the heat insulating layer has a thickness ranging from 15 to 50 kg/m3.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP17201363.3A EP3302001A1 (en) | 2014-04-11 | 2015-04-08 | Heating element |
PL15162778T PL2931004T3 (en) | 2014-04-11 | 2015-04-08 | Heating element |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102014105215.3A DE102014105215A1 (en) | 2014-04-11 | 2014-04-11 | heating element |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP17201363.3A Division EP3302001A1 (en) | 2014-04-11 | 2015-04-08 | Heating element |
EP17201363.3A Division-Into EP3302001A1 (en) | 2014-04-11 | 2015-04-08 | Heating element |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2931004A1 EP2931004A1 (en) | 2015-10-14 |
EP2931004B1 true EP2931004B1 (en) | 2018-06-06 |
Family
ID=53180507
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15162778.3A Not-in-force EP2931004B1 (en) | 2014-04-11 | 2015-04-08 | Heating element |
EP17201363.3A Withdrawn EP3302001A1 (en) | 2014-04-11 | 2015-04-08 | Heating element |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP17201363.3A Withdrawn EP3302001A1 (en) | 2014-04-11 | 2015-04-08 | Heating element |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9756685B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP2931004B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2888001A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102014105215A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK2931004T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2684096T3 (en) |
HU (1) | HUE039541T2 (en) |
PL (1) | PL2931004T3 (en) |
PT (1) | PT2931004T (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2545233B (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2018-06-27 | Dyson Technology Ltd | Flexible heating plate for hair |
KR101887891B1 (en) * | 2016-02-17 | 2018-08-13 | 주식회사 아모센스 | back cover for portable device and antenna module embeded in back cover |
DE102018129746A1 (en) | 2018-11-26 | 2020-05-28 | Thermofer GmbH & Co. KG | Heater |
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DE29824578U1 (en) | 1998-05-15 | 2001-08-30 | Stoeckl Roland | Electric heating element |
US6403935B2 (en) * | 1999-05-11 | 2002-06-11 | Thermosoft International Corporation | Soft heating element and method of its electrical termination |
US6649886B1 (en) * | 2002-05-11 | 2003-11-18 | David Kleshchik | Electric heating cloth and method |
DE102005015050A1 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-12 | Ewald Dörken Ag | panel heating |
DE202005014678U1 (en) | 2005-05-19 | 2006-09-28 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Nanotube laminar system, useful in actuator, sensor and tissue engineering, comprises nanotubes and fibers, where the nanotubes are absorbed in the fibers |
EP1961264B1 (en) * | 2005-12-11 | 2016-05-18 | Gentherm GmbH | Flat heating element |
KR100749886B1 (en) | 2006-02-03 | 2007-08-21 | (주) 나노텍 | Heating element using Carbon Nano tube |
ATE435584T1 (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2009-07-15 | Sefar Ag | SURFACE HEATING ELEMENT AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A SURFACE HEATING ELEMENT |
DE202006007228U1 (en) | 2006-05-03 | 2006-10-26 | Beier, Gerhard M., Dipl.-Ing. | Manufacturing a flat surface infrared heating element has a sandwich of a carbon fibre electrical heating mat and a special glass coated with a nano-ceramic sheet |
US8008606B2 (en) * | 2006-10-04 | 2011-08-30 | T-Ink, Inc. | Composite heating element with an integrated switch |
DE202007014328U1 (en) | 2007-10-12 | 2007-12-20 | Beier, Gerhard M., Dipl.-Ing. | Infrared surface heating screen made of thin slate |
DE202008007815U1 (en) | 2008-06-11 | 2008-09-25 | Beier, Gerhard M., Dipl.-Ing. | Infrared large area resonator heating and cooling system |
DE202009000136U1 (en) | 2008-07-29 | 2009-05-20 | Beier, Gerhard M., Dipl.-Ing. | Infrared CNT heater |
WO2010033370A2 (en) * | 2008-09-17 | 2010-03-25 | National Ict Australia Limited (Nicta) | Knitted catheter |
DE102009008967B4 (en) | 2009-02-13 | 2011-06-16 | Möller, Silvia | Plastic laminate with integrated heating function |
DE202009002093U1 (en) | 2009-02-14 | 2009-08-06 | Braun, Günther | Carbon nanotube composite printed / coated panels for heat generation |
DE102009034306B4 (en) | 2009-07-21 | 2015-07-23 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Heating element and method for its production |
CN101998706B (en) * | 2009-08-14 | 2015-07-01 | 清华大学 | Carbon nanotube fabric and heating body using carbon nanotube fabric |
DE202009011565U1 (en) | 2009-08-26 | 2010-02-25 | Braun, Günther | Tile adhesive Heating |
DE202010001426U1 (en) | 2010-01-27 | 2010-04-08 | Braun, Günther | CNT composite coated paper (all grades) to generate heat |
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DE102010045066A1 (en) | 2010-09-10 | 2012-03-15 | Günther Braun | Method for manufacturing industrial needle e.g. knitting machine needle, involves using buckypaper which is comprised of carbon nanotubes, in order to manufacture industrial needle, where manufactured needle is preset times more intense |
CN103917704A (en) * | 2011-10-06 | 2014-07-09 | Iee国际电子工程股份公司 | Electrically conductive textiles for occupant sensing and/or heating applications |
DE102011086448A1 (en) * | 2011-11-16 | 2013-05-16 | Margarete Franziska Althaus | Method for producing a heating element |
DE102012000445A1 (en) * | 2012-01-12 | 2012-09-13 | Daimler Ag | Seat heater for cushion of vehicle seat, has control device that controls electric current supplied to heating elements comprising heating layers which are formed by using heating paint |
DE202012008310U1 (en) | 2012-08-30 | 2012-10-10 | Günther Braun | CNT heating textile |
DE202012009982U1 (en) | 2012-10-18 | 2012-11-27 | Günther Braun | Carbon heated rubber mat |
-
2014
- 2014-04-11 DE DE102014105215.3A patent/DE102014105215A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2015
- 2015-04-08 HU HUE15162778A patent/HUE039541T2/en unknown
- 2015-04-08 EP EP15162778.3A patent/EP2931004B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2015-04-08 ES ES15162778.3T patent/ES2684096T3/en active Active
- 2015-04-08 DK DK15162778.3T patent/DK2931004T3/en active
- 2015-04-08 PL PL15162778T patent/PL2931004T3/en unknown
- 2015-04-08 PT PT15162778T patent/PT2931004T/en unknown
- 2015-04-08 EP EP17201363.3A patent/EP3302001A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-04-13 US US14/685,472 patent/US9756685B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-04-13 CA CA2888001A patent/CA2888001A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3302001A1 (en) | 2018-04-04 |
DE102014105215A1 (en) | 2015-10-15 |
DK2931004T3 (en) | 2018-09-03 |
ES2684096T3 (en) | 2018-10-01 |
PT2931004T (en) | 2018-10-11 |
CA2888001A1 (en) | 2015-10-11 |
HUE039541T2 (en) | 2019-01-28 |
US9756685B2 (en) | 2017-09-05 |
PL2931004T3 (en) | 2018-12-31 |
EP2931004A1 (en) | 2015-10-14 |
US20150296567A1 (en) | 2015-10-15 |
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