EP2927928B1 - Verfahren zur bestimmung einer überhitzung mindestens einer verbindungsklemme einer elektrischen vorrichtung, entsprechendes hilfsgerät und elektrisches system, das eine solche elektrische vorrichtung und ein solches hilfsgerät umfasst - Google Patents

Verfahren zur bestimmung einer überhitzung mindestens einer verbindungsklemme einer elektrischen vorrichtung, entsprechendes hilfsgerät und elektrisches system, das eine solche elektrische vorrichtung und ein solches hilfsgerät umfasst Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2927928B1
EP2927928B1 EP15161678.6A EP15161678A EP2927928B1 EP 2927928 B1 EP2927928 B1 EP 2927928B1 EP 15161678 A EP15161678 A EP 15161678A EP 2927928 B1 EP2927928 B1 EP 2927928B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
value
temperature threshold
connection
electrical
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EP15161678.6A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2927928A1 (de
Inventor
Simon Tian
François Vincent
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/08—Terminals; Connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/0062—Testing or measuring non-electrical properties of switches, e.g. contact velocity
    • H01H2011/0068—Testing or measuring non-electrical properties of switches, e.g. contact velocity measuring the temperature of the switch or parts thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for determining, with the aid of an auxiliary apparatus, an overheating of at least one connection terminal of an electrical device, such an auxiliary apparatus and an electrical system comprising such an electrical device. and such an auxiliary apparatus.
  • a persistent problem in the field of electrical connection terminals is the safety of such terminals, by monitoring their temperature. Indeed, a too high temperature of the connection terminals is able to lead to their destruction, and the decommissioning of an electrical device comprising these connection terminals. More particularly, a too high temperature of the connection terminals is apt to cause a fire.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to propose a method for determining, with the aid of an auxiliary apparatus, an overheating of at least one connection terminal of an electrical device, making it possible to determine the overheating in a manner more precise.
  • the value of the temperature threshold for detecting overheating of the connection terminal or terminals is variable between the previous instant and the given instant, which makes it possible to determine more precisely the superheat.
  • the fact that the value of the temperature threshold is variable makes it possible, for example, to better take into account the environment in which the connection terminal or terminals are located.
  • the invention also relates to an electrical system comprising an electrical device and an auxiliary device associated with the electrical device, the electrical device comprising at least one connection terminal having a connection range capable of being connected to an electrical conductor.
  • the auxiliary apparatus is as shown above.
  • the electrical device is a switching device comprising for each electrical conductor a current input terminal and a current output terminal, and, in an open position, to let current through the corresponding electrical conductor or conductors, and in a closed position to interrupt the flow of current through the corresponding electrical conductor (s), the auxiliary device being connected via the electrical connection member (s) to the or each terminal of current output.
  • an electrical system 10 is connected, on the one hand, to a first 12 and a second 14 electrical input conductors and, secondly, to a first 12 'and a second 14' electrical conductors output.
  • the electrical input conductors 12, 14 belonging to an electrical distribution network 16 and being intended to supply via the electrical system 10 and the electrical output conductors 12 ', 14' an electric charge 18.
  • the electrical system 10 is able to communicate via a wireless link with electronic equipment 20, such as a computer server, for centralizing data.
  • electronic equipment 20 such as a computer server
  • the equipment 20 is also called data concentrator.
  • the electrical system 10 comprises an electric circuit breaker 22, such as an electromechanical circuit breaker, and an auxiliary device 24 electrically coupled to the circuit breaker 22.
  • the auxiliary device 24 is, for example, fixed under the circuit breaker 22.
  • the electrical system 10 comprises a rail 25, such as a DIN rail, on which is mechanically fixed the circuit breaker 22.
  • the first input 12 and output 12 'conductors are, for example, phase conductors or positive positive potential conductors.
  • the second input 14 and output 14 'conductors are, for example, neutral conductors or reference potential conductors.
  • the first and second input electrical conductors 12, 14 and output 12 ', 14' form an electrical connection 26.
  • the data concentrator 20 is connected, via a data link, such as a radio link, to a display device 27, in order notably to display information relating to the operation of the circuit breaker 22 and transmitted by the auxiliary device 24.
  • the concentrator 20 comprises a first communication element 28 and a first radio antenna 30.
  • the electric circuit breaker 22 is known per se, and is capable of interrupting the flow of an electric current passing through the first electrical input and output conductors 12 'and / or the second electrical input leads 14 and output 14 ', in particular in the presence of an electrical fault on the first input conductor 12 and / or on the second input conductor 14.
  • the circuit breaker 22 comprises a first 34 and a second 36 current input terminals, also called first and second upstream connection terminals, to which are connected the first 12 and second 14 electrical input conductors.
  • the circuit breaker 22 also comprises a first 38 and a second 40 current output terminals, also called first and second downstream connection terminals, respectively connected to the first 12 'and second 14' electrical output conductors.
  • the electric circuit breaker 22 makes the connection between the first 12 and second 14 electrical input conductors and respectively the first 12 'and second 14' electrical output conductors, via the upstream connection terminals 34, 36 and the terminals of FIG. downstream connection 38, 40.
  • the circuit breaker 22 is in the open position capable of interrupting the flow of an electric current through the electrical connection 26.
  • the circuit breaker 22 is in the closed position capable of allowing the current to flow through the electrical connection 26, in order to supply the load 18.
  • the auxiliary apparatus 24 comprises for each downstream connection terminal 38, 40, a connecting member 42, 44 to the corresponding downstream connection terminal 38, 40, as shown in FIG. figure 2 .
  • the auxiliary apparatus 24 comprises, for each downstream connection terminal 38, 40, a first temperature sensor 46 and a current sensor 50, 51.
  • the auxiliary device 24 also comprises a processing unit 52, a power supply unit electrical 54 and a voltage regulator 56.
  • the auxiliary device 24 comprises a member 58 for storing electrical energy and a second communication member 60, and a second radio antenna 62 able to communicate by radio waves with the first antenna 30.
  • the auxiliary device 24 comprises a voltage sensor 64.
  • the display device 27, visible on the figure 1 in particular comprises a display screen, not shown, and means, not shown, of display on the screen of data received from the data concentrator 20.
  • the first communication device 28 is able to transmit data to the auxiliary device 24 via the first antenna 30 and to establish a radio link with the auxiliary device 24.
  • Each downstream connection terminal 38, 40 comprises a connection pad 66 capable of being connected respectively to the first 12 'and second 14' conductors respectively. electrical output, as shown on the figure 2 .
  • Each downstream connection terminal 38, 40 also comprises a clamping element 68 able to maintain the connection between the corresponding output electrical conductor 12 ', 14' and the corresponding connection pad 66, by applying a clamping force F on the corresponding output electrical conductor 12 ', 14'.
  • each downstream connection terminal 38, 40 comprises a movable member 70 adapted to be displaced via the clamping element 68 in order to clamp together, between the connection pad 66 and the movable member 70, the electrical output conductor 12 ' , 14 'corresponding, and the connecting member 42, 44 corresponding.
  • the clamping force F is induced by a tightening torque C applied to the clamping element 68.
  • the clamping member 68 is a screw.
  • the output terminals differ from the downstream connection terminals 38, 40 presented in the first embodiment, while still including a clamping element adapted to maintain the connection between the corresponding output electrical conductor 12 ', 14' and the corresponding connection pad 66.
  • the connecting member 42 is in contact with the first electrical output conductor 12 'and the connection pad 66 of the first output terminal 38.
  • the connecting member 42 comprises a thermally and electrically conductive material, such as copper .
  • the temperature difference between the connection pad 66 and the connecting member 42 is preferably less than 10 ° C for temperatures of the connection pad 66 of between 100 ° C and 400 ° C.
  • connection member 44 is in contact with the second electrical output conductor 14 'and the connection pad 66 of the second output terminal 40.
  • the connecting member 44 comprises a thermally and electrically conductive material, such as only copper.
  • the temperature difference between the connection pad 66 and the connecting member 44 is preferably less than 10 ° C for temperatures of the connection pad 66 of between 100 ° C and 400 ° C.
  • Each first temperature sensor 46 is able to measure, at a given time instant t n , a first temperature corresponding to the temperature of the corresponding connection pad 66, that is to say at the temperature of the downstream connection terminal. 38, 40 corresponding. More specifically, the first temperature sensor 46 is, for example, positioned on the connecting member 42, 44 corresponding and is adapted to measure the temperature of the connecting member 42, 44. Each first temperature sensor is for example , thermocouple or resistance thermometer etc. Each first sensor is suitable for temperature measurement between 25 ° C and 400 ° C.
  • the current sensors 50, 51 are able to measure the intensity of the current flowing respectively in the first 12 'and second 14' electrical output conductors, that is to say also the intensity of the current flowing through the range of connection 66 and the corresponding downstream connection terminal 38, 40.
  • the current sensors 50, 51 comprise, for example, a Rogowski toroid, a current transformer, a shunt or a Hall effect sensor.
  • the auxiliary device 24 comprises a current sensor 50 only for one of the downstream connection terminals 38, which is capable of measuring the current flowing in a single of the electrical output conductors, for example the first electrical conductor of the exit 12 '.
  • the current flowing in the second output electrical conductor 14 ' is then calculated from the value of the current flowing in the first output electrical conductor 12'. More precisely, the current flowing in the second electrical output conductor 14 'is equal to the opposite of the current flowing in the first electrical conductor 12'.
  • the processing unit 52 includes a second temperature sensor 71, a processor 72, and a memory 76 associated with the processor 72, as shown in FIG. figure 2 .
  • the processing unit 52 is able to generate a message M1 comprising data calculated via the processor 72 and the memory 76.
  • the power supply member 54 is clean, via the connecting members 42, 44, to recover a part of the electrical energy transmitted on the electrical output conductors 12 ', 14' and to supply electrical energy to the apparatus auxiliary 24.
  • the voltage regulator 56 makes it possible to adapt the voltage delivered by the power supply 54 to a voltage value acceptable by the processing unit 52 and by the second communication element 60.
  • the voltage regulator 56 is for example a converter DC / DC, which delivers a DC voltage of 3.3 volts.
  • the storage member 58 of electrical energy is able to store a portion of the electrical energy delivered by the power supply 54 when the circuit breaker 22 is closed, and to restore the stored electrical energy during a loss of voltage downstream of the circuit breaker 22.
  • the storage member 58 is a capacitor whose capacity value is a function, among other things, of the average power consumption of the auxiliary device 24 of the supply voltage delivered to the second communication element 60 and to the processing unit 52.
  • the second communication element 60 is able to receive data coming from the data concentrator 20, and more precisely from the first communication element 28 and the first antenna 30, and to establish a radio link with the concentrator 20.
  • second communication member 60 is able to transmit, via the second antenna 62, the message M1 to the data concentrator 20.
  • the communication members 28, 60 and the antennas 30, 62 are in accordance with the communication protocols ZIGBEE or ZIGBEE GREEN POWER, based on the IEE-802.15.4 standard.
  • the communication member 60 is able to communicate with the data concentrator 20 via a wire link, not shown.
  • the voltage sensor 64 is known per se, and is capable of measuring a first voltage V1 delivered between the first downstream connection terminal 38 and the second downstream connection terminal 40.
  • the voltage sensor 64 makes it possible, more precisely, to measure the first voltage V1 at the output of the circuit breaker 22, at the first electrical output conductor 12 '.
  • the second temperature sensor 71 is able to measure a second temperature, corresponding to an ambient temperature in the vicinity of the circuit breaker 22.
  • the second temperature sensor 71 is disposed at a distance of less than 3 m, preferably less than 1 m from the circuit breaker 22.
  • the second temperature sensor 71 is integrated in the processing unit 52.
  • the figure 4 represents a thermal model of the connection between the auxiliary device 24 and one of the corresponding downstream connection terminals 38, 40. More specifically, the figure 4 corresponds to the thermal model of the connection between one of the connection pads 66 and the second temperature sensor 71.
  • the model corresponds to an electrical circuit 77 comprising a current generator G, a thermal resistor R and a thermal capacitor C connected in parallel. parallel to each other.
  • the thermal resistance R and the thermal capacitor C represent the thermal relation between the corresponding connection pad 66 and the second temperature sensor 71.
  • the memory 76 is able to store a first software 78 for calculating a thermal value of each connection pad 66, a second software 80 for calculating, for each connection pad 66, a temperature threshold S1, a software 82 for comparing the thermal value of each connection pad 66 with the temperature threshold S1, a software 83 for detecting an overheating of the downstream connection terminals 38, 40.
  • the memory 76 is able to store a third software 84 of calculating a power and an electrical energy passing through each output electrical conductor 12 ', 14' as a function of the intensity and voltage values measured by the current sensors 50, 51 and the voltage sensors 64.
  • the memory 76 is able to store a software 88 for sampling the intensity of the current and the voltage measured by the current sensors 50, 51 and the voltage sensors 64.
  • the first calculation means 78, the second means 80, the comparison means 82, the detection means 83, the third calculation means 84 and the sampling means 88 are made in the form of programmable logic components or in the form of dedicated integrated circuits.
  • the first calculation software 78 is able to calculate the thermal value of each connection pad 66, as a function of the corresponding first measured temperature. More precisely, the first calculation software 78 is able to calculate the difference between the first temperature and the second temperature for each downstream connection terminal 38, 40. Thus, the thermal value corresponds, for example, to a temperature variation, such as the difference between the first temperature and the second temperature, and in particular to a heating of the connection pad 66.
  • the second temperature is considered equal to a predetermined constant value and the first calculation software 78 sets the thermal value equal to the difference between the first temperature and the predetermined constant value.
  • the second calculation software 80 is able to calculate the temperature threshold S1 at the given instant t n as a function of the value of the temperature threshold calculated at a previous instant t n-1 and the value of the temperature threshold S 1 is variable. between the given instant t n and the previous instant t n-1 .
  • the second calculation software 80 is more precisely able to calculate the value of the next temperature threshold S1, a sampling period dt, also called the calculation period dt.
  • the preceding instant t n-1 corresponds, for example, to an instant preceding the given instant t n of a duration equal to the calculation period dt.
  • the previous instant t0 corresponds to an initial reference time t0.
  • the initial reference time t0 corresponds, for example, to the instant of a first measurement made by the auxiliary device chosen from the measurement of the first temperature, the measurement of the second temperature and the measurement of the intensity of the current flowing in the corresponding output electrical conductor 12 ', 14', that is to say for example at the moment of powering on the circuit breaker 22.
  • the second calculation software 80 is also preferably able to calculate the temperature threshold S1 as a function of the intensity of the current flowing in the corresponding output electrical conductor 12 ', 14'.
  • the temperature threshold S1 corresponds, by for example, at a limit temperature rise of the corresponding connection pad 66, that is to say at a temperature variation.
  • the electrical circuit 77 presented above makes it possible to obtain an equation giving the value of the first temperature threshold S1.
  • the value of the temperature threshold S1 (0) at the initial reference time t0 is a predetermined value.
  • the first temperature threshold S1 is calculated with an equation similar to equation (1) presented above, but the values of the parameters R and C of the equation would be different and correspond for example respectively to the thermal resistance and to the thermal capacitance between the connection pad 66 and a predetermined reference point.
  • the comparison software 82 is able to compare the thermal value of each connection pad 66, calculated by the first calculation software 78, with the corresponding temperature threshold S1.
  • the comparison between the thermal value and the temperature threshold is performed at each multiple of the sampling period dt after the initial reference time t0.
  • the temperature threshold S1 is calculated from the recursive equation (1) making it possible to calculate the value of the first threshold S1 at the given instant t n , from the knowledge of the value of the first threshold S1 at the instant preceding t n-1 and in particular from the knowledge of the value of the temperature threshold S1 (0) at the initial reference time t0.
  • the comparison software 82 is able to compare the thermal value calculated from the first temperature measured at the given instant t n with the value of the temperature threshold S1 (n) at the given instant t n .
  • the comparison is effective if one compares the value of the temperature threshold S1 and the thermal value at the same instant, that is to say at the time of measurement of the first temperature corresponding to the calculated thermal value.
  • the given instant t n corresponds to the measurement instant of the first temperature.
  • the detection software 83 is, more specifically, able to detect the loosening of at least one corresponding downstream connection terminal 38, 40, that is to say the loosening of at least one electrical output conductor 12 ', 14 'with respect to the corresponding downstream connection terminal 38, 40, when the thermal value of the connection pad 66 is greater than the temperature threshold S1.
  • the loosening corresponds to a value of the tightening torque C less than a first predetermined reference value, that is to say to a value of the clamping force F less than a second predetermined reference value and therefore to a the value of the impedance Z greater than a predetermined value, that is to say, for example, greater than 0.004 ⁇ , preferably greater than 0.005 ⁇ .
  • the method is presented below in the case of a single downstream connection terminal 38, 40, that is to say for the connection between only one of the downstream connection terminals 38, 40 and the auxiliary device 24.
  • the method generally applies to each downstream connection terminal 38, 40.
  • the first temperature sensor 46 measures, at the instant given t n , the first temperature.
  • the first measured temperature is saved and the temperature threshold S1 (0) at the initial reference time t0, that is to say the value of the initial sample of the temperature threshold S1, is calculated and then saved.
  • the second temperature sensor 71 measures the second temperature.
  • the thermal value of the corresponding connection range 66 is calculated, for example with the difference between the first temperature and the second temperature, that is to say that the value of the second temperature at the first temperature.
  • step 104 the thermal value is set equal to the first temperature and step 102 is not performed.
  • the intensity of the current flowing in the corresponding output electrical conductor 12 ', 14' is measured.
  • the value of the temperature threshold S1 at the given instant t n is calculated as a function of the value of the temperature threshold S1 (n-1) at the previous instant t n-1 and preferably also as a function of the intensity of the current measured in step 106.
  • the temperature threshold S1 is thus calculated, for example, from equation (1) presented above.
  • the value of the temperature threshold at the initial reference time t0 is used.
  • the values chosen for the thermal resistance R, the thermal capacitor C and the impedance Z between the connection pad 66 and the corresponding output electrical conductor 12 ', 14' are values corresponding to a maximum temperature rise of the corresponding connection pad 66 and therefore to a maximum temperature threshold S1.
  • the value chosen for the impedance Z corresponds to the minimum permissible impedance to prevent a fire.
  • the thermal value of the corresponding connection area 66 is compared with the value of the calculated temperature threshold S1, at the given instant t n , during step 108.
  • the process returns to step 100 for measuring the first temperature after a predetermined duration, corresponding, for example , at the sampling period dt.
  • step 112 If, during the comparison step 110, the thermal value is strictly greater than the temperature threshold S1, then, during a step 112, an overheating of the connection pad 66 and the corresponding downstream connection terminal 38, 40 is detected. In step 112, the loosening of the electrical output conductor 12 ', 14' corresponding, with respect to the corresponding downstream connection terminal 38, 40, is then for example detected.
  • the first message M1 is generated and includes a data item specifying the looseness detection or, more generally, the overheating of the corresponding downstream connection terminal 38, 40.
  • the first message M1 is transmitted to the concentrator 20.
  • the concentrator 20 is then able to indicate to an operator, via the display device 27, an overheating or loosening of the connection terminal downstream 38, 40 corresponding.
  • the electrical power and electrical energy values calculated by the third calculation software 84 are included in the first message M1.
  • first, second, and third 204 204 curves corresponding to the thermal values, and more precisely to the heating values of one of the connection pads 66, calculated by the first calculation software 78.
  • the first 200, second 202 and third 204 curves are plotted as a function of time T, and more precisely according to the time elapsed since the initial reference time t0.
  • the initial reference moment corresponds to the abscissa 0 to the figure 6 .
  • the first 200, second 202 and third 204 curves each correspond to a respective tightening torque C, applied to the clamping element 68 in order to maintain the electrical connection between the electrical conductor and the connection pad 66, respectively equal to 2 Nm , 0.2 Nm and 0.1 Nm, for a current measured by the current sensor 50, 51 corresponding to 20 A.
  • figure 6 also shows a fourth curve 206 corresponding to the value of the temperature threshold S1 calculated by the second calculation software 80, as a function of time, and more precisely according to the time elapsed since the initial reference time t0.
  • the thermal value calculated for the first 200, second 202 and third 204 curves is always lower than the value of the temperature threshold S1, presented on the fourth curve 206.
  • the value of the tightening torque C and therefore the clamping force F is such that the corresponding downstream connection terminal 38, 40 is not considered loosened, the value of the temperature threshold is never reached.
  • the thermal value corresponding here to a heating value of the connection pad 66 increases.
  • the fourth curve 206 the value of the temperature threshold S1 varies according to the time elapsed with respect to the initial reference time t0, and more generally with respect to the previous instant.
  • the shape of the fourth curve 206 is globally similar to that of the other three curves 200, 202, 204.
  • the evolution of the temperature threshold therefore follows that of the thermal value, which makes it possible to determine the overheating of the downstream connection terminal. 38, 40 more precisely, without risk of error.
  • reference t0 and more generally since the previous instant t n-1
  • a sixth curve 210 corresponding to the value of the temperature threshold S1 calculated by the second calculation software 80, as a function of time.
  • the initial reference time corresponds to the abscissa 0.
  • the fifth 208 and sixth 210 curves are obtained for a value of the current flowing through the connection pad 66 and the corresponding output electrical conductor 12 ', 14', which varies with course of time.
  • the current flowing through the corresponding connection pad 66 is equal to 10 A between 0 seconds (s) and 600 s, then 40 A between 600 s and 1500 s and at 20 A between 1500 s and 2800 s.
  • the thermal value is below the temperature threshold S1 and the evolution of the sixth curve 210 follows that of the fifth curve 208. Then, after loosening of the connection terminal corresponding downstream 38, 40, the thermal value increases sharply and becomes greater than the value of the temperature threshold S1. The overheating of the corresponding downstream connection terminal 38, 40 is then detected.
  • the value of the temperature threshold S1 varies as a function of time and more precisely between the given instant t n and the previous instant t n-1 makes it possible to determine the superheating more precisely. Indeed, this makes it possible to consider, for example, different operating phases of the circuit breaker 22, and more specifically the downstream connection terminals 38, 40.
  • the method of calculating the temperature threshold S1 as a function of time makes it possible, for example, to take better account is taken of the environment in which the downstream connection terminal (s) 38, 40 are located.
  • the thermal value and the value of the temperature threshold S1 respectively increase or decrease.
  • the evolution of the temperature threshold S1 follows that of the thermal value, which makes it possible to more precisely determine the overheating of the corresponding downstream connection terminal 38, 40.
  • the overheating here due to loosening is detected after 80 s, which makes it possible to quickly detect an anomaly and, for example, to quickly control the power down of the circuit breaker 22 or the intervention of an operator .
  • the fact that the temperature threshold S1 is calculated as a function of the intensity of the current makes it possible, in addition, to improve the detection of the superheating since the evolution of the temperature threshold S1 follows that of the thermal value with precision.
  • the auxiliary device 24 makes it possible to detect overheating, ie a terminal loosening even for an intensity of the current flowing through the corresponding output electrical conductor 12 ', 14' of less than 10 A and even when the value overheating is low, for example, of the order of 25 ° C, since the value of the temperature threshold generally changes in a similar way to that of the thermal value when it is preferably further calculated as a function of the measured current through the corresponding output electrical conductor 12 ', 14'.
  • the connecting members 42, 44 allow improved heat conduction between the corresponding connection pad 66 and each temperature sensor 46.
  • the auxiliary device 24 comprises means for detecting a loss of voltage downstream of the circuit breaker and is able to determine a cause of loss of voltage downstream of the circuit breaker 22, said cause being preferably chosen from the group consisting of : an electrical overload, a short circuit, and a voltage drop. More specifically, the auxiliary device 24 is in accordance with the auxiliary device described in the patent application filed under the number FR 13 58776 on pages 9 to 11.
  • FIG 8 illustrates a second embodiment of the invention for which the elements similar to the first embodiment, described above, are identified by identical references, and are not described again.
  • the current flowing in the electrical conductors 12, 12 ', 14, 14' is a three-phase current
  • the electrical connection 26 comprises three first electrical output conductors 12 'and three first electrical input conductors 12, corresponding to phase conductors and a second output electrical conductor 14 'and a second input electrical conductor 14, corresponding to neutral conductors.
  • the electrical system 10 then comprises four circuit breakers 22 each provided with a single downstream connection terminal 38, 40 and a single upstream connection terminal 34, 36 and forming a four-pole circuit breaker, coupled to the auxiliary device 24.
  • the auxiliary apparatus 24 then comprises four connecting members and four current sensors.
  • the second calculation software 80 of the temperature threshold S1 is then adapted to calculate the temperature threshold S1 (n) at the given instant t n , for each connection terminal, as a function of the value of the temperature threshold S1 (n -1) at the previous instant t n-1 and the current flowing through the corresponding downstream connection terminal 38, 40.
  • each first electrical output conductor 12 'and the second output electrical conductor 14' is similar to that of the first embodiment, described for a first output conductor 12 'and a second output conductor. output 14 ', and is not described again.
  • the auxiliary device 24 comprises three current sensors each associated with a respective first output electrical conductor 12 '. The current flowing in the second electrical output conductor 14 'is then calculated from the currents measured in the first electrical output conductors 12'.
  • the invention applies equally well to a single-phase circuit breaker adapted to be connected to a phase conductor and a neutral conductor, as shown in the first embodiment, to a three-phase circuit breaker suitable for connection. with three phase conductors, or a four-pole circuit breaker connected to three phase conductors and a neutral conductor, as shown in the second embodiment.
  • a single-phase and four-pole circuit-breakers when opening the circuit-breaker, depending on the application in question, the neutral conductor is cut and the current flowing through it is interrupted, or the neutral conductor is not cut and the current crossing is not interrupted.
  • auxiliary device 24 is adapted to be associated with any type of electrical device comprising a connection terminal.
  • the communication elements 28, 60 and the antennas 30, 62 conform to any type of wireless communication protocol, such as the WIFI protocol or the BLUETOOTH protocol.

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  • Manufacturing Of Electrical Connectors (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Verfahren zur Bestimmung, mit Hilfe eines Hilfsgeräts (24), einer Überhitzung mindestens einer Anschlussklemme (38, 40) einer elektrischen Vorrichtung (22), wobei die Anschlussklemme(n) (38, 40) je mindestens einen Anschlussbereich (66) enthalten, der geeignet ist, mit einem entsprechenden elektrischen Leiter (12', 14') verbunden zu werden,
    wobei das Verfahren für jede Anschlussklemme (38, 40) die folgenden Schritte enthält:
    - a) Messung (100), zu einem gegebenen Zeitpunkt (tn), einer ersten Temperatur entsprechend der Temperatur des entsprechenden Anschlussbereichs (66) mittels eines ersten Temperaturfühlers (46),
    - b) Berechnung (104) eines Wärmewerts des Anschlussbereichs (66) abhängig von der ersten gemessenen Temperatur,
    - c) Vergleich (110) des Wärmewerts des Anschlussbereichs (66) mit einer Temperaturschwelle (S1), und
    - d) Erfassung (112) einer Überhitzung der entsprechenden Anschlussklemme (38, 40), wenn der Wärmewert des Anschlussbereichs (66) höher ist als die Temperaturschwelle (S1),
    wobei das Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es vor dem Vergleichsschritt c) und für jede Anschlussklemme (38, 40) den folgenden Schritt enthält:
    - b') Berechnung (108) der Temperaturschwelle (S1(n)) zum gegebenen Zeitpunkt (tn) abhängig vom Wert der Temperaturschwelle (S1(n-1)) zu einem vorhergehenden Zeitpunkt (tn-1, t0), wobei der Wert der Temperaturschwelle (S1) zwischen dem vorhergehenden Zeitpunkt (tn-1, t0) und dem gegebenen Zeitpunkt (tn) variabel ist, und
    im Vergleichsschritt c) der Wärmewert mit dem Wert der Temperaturschwelle (S1 (n)) zum gegebenen Zeitpunkt (tn) verglichen wird.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es vor dem Schritt b') der Berechnung der Temperaturschwelle (S1) den folgenden Schritt enthält:
    - b") Messung (106) der Stärke des im entsprechenden elektrischen Leiter (12', 14') fließenden Stroms,
    und dass im Rechenschritt b') die Temperaturschwelle (S1) außerdem abhängig von der Stärke des im entsprechenden elektrischen Leiter (12', 14') fließenden Stroms berechnet wird.
  3. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anschlussklemme(n) (38, 40) je ein Klemmelement (68) enthalten, das geeignet ist, die Verbindung zwischen dem elektrischen Leiter (12', 14') und dem entsprechenden Anschlussbereich (38, 40) mittels des Anwendens einer Klemmkraft (C) auf den elektrischen Leiter (12', 14') aufrechtzuerhalten, und dass im Erfassungsschritt d) ein Lösen mindestens eines elektrischen Leiters (12', 14') bezüglich der entsprechenden Anschlussklemme (38, 40) erfasst wird, wenn der Wärmewert des Anschlussbereichs höher ist als die Temperaturschwelle (S1), wobei das Lösen einem Impedanzwert (Z) zwischen dem Anschlussbereich (66) und dem entsprechenden elektrischen Ausgangsleiter (12', 14') entspricht, der höher ist als ein vorbestimmter Wert.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Schritt b) der Berechnung des Wärmewerts des Anschlussbereichs (66) der Wärmewert ebenfalls gleich der ersten Temperatur festgelegt wird.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es vor dem Schritt b) der Berechnung des Wärmewerts den folgenden Schritt enthält:
    - a') Messung (102) einer zweiten Umgebungstemperatur in der Nähe der elektrischen Vorrichtung (22) mittels eines zweiten Temperaturfühlers (71), der in einem Abstand von weniger als 3 Meter, vorzugsweise von 1 Meter, von der elektrischen Vorrichtung (22) angeordnet ist,
    dass im Schritt b) der Berechnung des Wärmewerts der Wärmewert gleich der Differenz zwischen der ersten Temperatur und der zweiten Temperatur ist.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Schritt b') der Berechnung der Temperaturschwelle (S1) die Temperaturschwelle (S1) mit der folgenden Formel berechnet wird: S 1 n = dt * R * Z * Irms n 2 − S 1 n − 1 RC + S 1 n − 1
    Figure imgb0004
    mit S1(0) entsprechend dem Wert der Temperaturschwelle zum Bezugsanfangszeitpunkt (t0), wobei S1 (0) vom Wert der ersten Temperatur abhängt, der zum Bezugsanfangszeitpunkt gemessen wird,
    S1(n) und S1(n-1) dem Wert der Temperaturschwelle zum gegebenen Zeitpunkt (tn) bzw. zum vorhergehenden Zeitpunkt (tn-1) entsprechen, mit n größer als oder gleich 1, dt einer Berechnungsperiode der Temperaturschwelle entspricht, gemäß der die Temperaturschwelle (S1) berechnet wird, Irms(n) dem wirksamen Wert des den entsprechenden elektrischen Ausgangsleiter (12', 14') zum gegebenen Zeitpunkt (tn) durchfließenden Wirkstroms entspricht, Z der Impedanz zwischen dem Anschlussbereich (66) und dem entsprechenden elektrischen Leiter (12', 14') entspricht, R und C dem Wärmewiderstand bzw. der Wärmekapazität zwischen dem ersten (46) und dem zweiten (71) Temperaturfühler entsprechen.
  7. Hilfsgerät (24) für eine elektrische Vorrichtung (22), wobei die elektrische Vorrichtung (22) mindestens eine Anschlussklemme (38, 40) enthält, die einen Anschlussbereich (66) aufweist, der geeignet ist, mit einem entsprechenden elektrischen Leiter (12', 14') verbunden zu werden, wobei das Hilfsgerät (24) für jede Anschlussklemme (38,40) enthält:
    - einen ersten Temperaturfühler (46), der geeignet ist, zu einem gegebenen Zeitpunkt (tn) eine erste Temperatur zu messen, die der Temperatur des entsprechenden Anschlussbereichs (66) entspricht,
    - erste Einrichtungen (78) zur Berechnung eines Wärmewerts des Anschlussbereichs (66) abhängig von der ersten gemessenen Temperatur,
    - Vergleichseinrichtungen (82), die geeignet sind, den Wärmewert des Anschlussbereichs (66) mit einer Temperaturschwelle (S1) zu vergleichen, und
    - Einrichtungen (83) zur Erfassung einer Überhitzung der entsprechenden Anschlussklemme (38, 40), wenn der Wärmewert des entsprechenden Anschlussbereichs (66) höher ist als die Temperaturschwelle (S1),
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Hilfsgerät (24) für jede Anschlussklemme (38, 40) enthält:
    - zweite Einrichtungen (80) zur Berechnung der Temperaturschwelle (S1) zum gegebenen Zeitpunkt (tn) abhängig vom Wert der Temperaturschwelle (S1(n-1)) zu einem vorhergehenden Zeitpunkt (tn-1, t0), wobei der Wert der Temperaturschwelle (S1) zwischen dem vorhergehenden Zeitpunkt (tn-1) und dem gegebenen Zeitpunkt (tn) variabel ist, und die Vergleichseinrichtungen (82) geeignet sind, den Wärmewert mit dem Wert der Temperaturschwelle (S1(n)) zum gegebenen Zeitpunkt (tn) zu vergleichen.
  8. Gerät nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es für jede Anschlussklemme (38, 40) einen Stromabnehmer (50, 51) enthält, der geeignet ist, die Stärke des im entsprechenden elektrischen Leiter (12', 14') fließenden Stroms zu messen, wobei die zweiten Recheneinrichtungen (80) geeignet sind, für jede Anschlussklemme (38, 40) die Temperaturschwelle (S1) außerdem abhängig von der Stärke des im entsprechenden elektrischen Leiter (12',14') fließenden Stroms zu berechnen.
  9. Gerät nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es für jede Anschlussklemme (38, 40) ein elektrisches Verbindungsorgan (42, 44) mit dem entsprechenden Anschlussbereich (66) enthält, wobei das Verbindungsorgan (42, 44) ein wärmeleitendes Material aufweist, wobei die Temperaturdifferenz zwischen dem entsprechenden Anschlussbereich (66) und dem Verbindungsorgan (42, 44) vorzugsweise niedriger als 10°C für Temperaturen des Anschlussbereichs (66) zwischen 100°C und 400°C ist, wobei der erste Temperaturfühler (46) geeignet ist, die Temperatur des Verbindungsorgans (42, 44) zu messen.
  10. Gerät nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es einen zweiten Temperaturfühler (71) enthält, der in einem Abstand von weniger als 3 Meter, vorzugsweise von 1 Meter, von der elektrischen Vorrichtung (22) angeordnet und geeignet ist, eine zweite Umgebungstemperatur in der Nähe der elektrischen Vorrichtung (22) zu messen, und dass die ersten Recheneinrichtungen (78) geeignet sind, den Wärmewert auf einen Wert gleich der Differenz zwischen der ersten Temperatur und der zweiten Temperatur festzulegen.
  11. Elektrisches System (10), das eine elektrische Vorrichtung (22) und ein der elektrischen Vorrichtung zugeordnetes Hilfsgerät (24) enthält, wobei die elektrische Vorrichtung (22) mindestens eine Anschlussklemme (38, 40) enthält, die einen Anschlussbereich (66) aufweist, der geeignet ist, mit einem elektrischen Leiter (12', 14') verbunden zu werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Hilfsgerät (24) einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 10 entspricht.
  12. System nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektrische Vorrichtung (22) eine Schaltvorrichtung ist, die für jeden elektrischen Leiter (12, 12', 14, 14') eine Stromeingangsklemme (34,36) und eine Stromausgangsklemme (38, 40) enthält, und geeignet ist, in einer offenen Stellung Strom durch den oder die entsprechenden elektrischen Leiter (12', 14') fließen zu lassen, und in einer geschlossenen Stellung das Fließen des Stroms durch den oder die entsprechenden elektrischen Leiter (12', 14') zu unterbrechen, wobei das Hilfsgerät über das oder die elektrischen Verbindungsorgane (42, 44) mit der oder jeder Ausgangsklemme (38, 40) des Stroms verbunden ist.
EP15161678.6A 2014-03-31 2015-03-30 Verfahren zur bestimmung einer überhitzung mindestens einer verbindungsklemme einer elektrischen vorrichtung, entsprechendes hilfsgerät und elektrisches system, das eine solche elektrische vorrichtung und ein solches hilfsgerät umfasst Active EP2927928B1 (de)

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