Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
  • H01H33/02—Details
  • H01H33/59—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
  • H01H33/596—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle for interrupting dc
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
  • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of mechatronic circuit breaker devices and their tripping.
• the main application of the mechatronic circuit breaker devices is the high current DC cutoff in a transmission and / or distribution line, at voltage levels typically greater than 50kVDC, up to 800kVDC and beyond.
• the field of high voltage direct current is also commonly referred to as HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current).
• the invention can also be applied to the breaking of DC currents at voltages of lesser value, typically in the range from 1kVDC to 50kVDC or alternatively to the breaking of AC currents.
• Mechatronic circuit breakers are known for their ability to cut power in high voltage direct current (HDVC) transmission and / or distribution networks.
• HDVC high voltage direct current
• the current can grow very rapidly, for example at a speed of 10 ⁇ / ⁇ , with no other limitation than the destruction of material. It is therefore essential to diagnose in a very short time the appearance of a defect in order to react and trip the circuit breaker before the current reaches very high values.
• An additional difficulty is that in the world of electrical protection, it is generally preferred not to cut a fault, knowing that there are backup levels, rather than triggering a breaker on false fault detection.
• the invention aims to solve the problems of the prior art by providing in its first aspect a method of controlling a mechatronic circuit breaker for cutting an electric current flowing through a means for transmitting electrical energy. , characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
• the invention is based on the analysis of transient regimes, which allows rapid diagnosis and reaction.
• the steps of the method according to the invention are implemented by computer program instructions.
• the invention also relates to a computer program on an information medium, this program being capable of being implemented in a computer, this program comprising instructions adapted to the implementation of the steps of a process as described above.
• This program can use any programming language, and be in the form of source code, object code, or intermediate code between source code and object code, such as in a partially compiled form, or in any other form desirable shape.
• the invention is also directed to a computer readable information medium having computer program instructions.
• the information carrier may be any entity or device capable of storing the program.
• the medium may comprise storage means, such as a ROM, for example a CD ROM or a microelectronic circuit ROM, or a magnetic recording means, for example a diskette or a hard disk.
• the information medium may be a transmissible medium such as an electrical or optical signal, which may be conveyed via an electrical or optical cable, by radio or by other means.
• the program according to the invention can be downloaded in particular on an Internet type network.
• the information carrier may be an integrated circuit in which the program is incorporated, the circuit being adapted to execute or to be used in carrying out the method according to the invention.
• FIG. 1 represents a device for controlling a mechatronic circuit breaker according to the invention
• FIG. 2 represents a method of controlling a mechatronic circuit breaker according to a first embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 3 represents a method of controlling a mechatronic circuit breaker according to a second embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 4 represents a method of controlling a mechatronic circuit breaker according to a third embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 5 represents a method of controlling a mechatronic circuit breaker according to a fourth embodiment of the invention
• Figures 6a, 6b, 6c, 7a, 7b and 7c show current-derived currents and current derivative integrals.
• a mechatronic circuit breaker 1 is integrated on an electrical line in a high-power high-voltage direct current electricity transmission network.
• the circuit breaker is for example of the type described in the publication WO 2013/092873 A1 mentioned above and will not be detailed here.
• a measurement chain of the current derivative comprises a sensor 20 of the derivative of the current. This is the input current I e (t) of the circuit breaker, existing on the power line upstream of the circuit breaker.
• the sensor 20 is for example a Rogowski coil placed around the power line.
• the sensor 20 has an output connected to an input of a low-pass filter 21.
• the sensor 20 provides a measurement d1 e (t) / dt of the derivative of the current to the filter 21, which performs low-pass filtering to eliminate possible high frequency components that would disturb the measurement chain.
• the filter 21 has an output connected to an input of an analog-digital converter 22.
• the filter 21 provides the filtered derivative measurement to the converter 22 which performs an analog-to-digital conversion of the received signal.
• the analog-digital converter 22 has an output connected to an input of a transponder 23 an output of which is connected to one end of a fiber optic cable.
• the transponder 23 transforms the electrical signal that it receives from the converter 22 into an optical signal.
• the other end of the fiber optic cable is connected to a relay 3 which uses the signals it receives as explained below.
• a measurement chain of the derivative of the output current I s (t) of the circuit breaker 1 can be provided.
• This measurement chain has elements similar to those of the corresponding upstream measurement chain.
• a sensor 40 of the derivative of the output current is for example a Rogowski coil placed around the power line.
• the sensor 40 has an output connected to an input of a low-pass filter 41.
• the sensor 40 provides a measurement d1 s (t) / dt of the derivative of the current to the filter 41, which carries out a low-pass filtering to eliminate possible high frequency components that would disturb the measurement chain.
• the filter 41 has an output connected to an input of an analog-to-digital converter 42.
• the filter 41 provides the filtered derivative measurement to the converter 42 which performs an analog-to-digital conversion of the received signal.
• the analog-digital converter 42 has an output connected to an input of a transponder 43 an output of which is connected to one end of a fiber optic cable.
• the transponder 43 transforms the electrical signal that it receives from the converter 42 into an optical signal.
• the other end of the fiber optic cable is connected to the relay 3 which receives the optical signal and operates as shown below.
• the measurement chain of the derivative of the output current can also be implemented in different ways.
• the device according to the invention may comprise one or more of the measurement chains which will be described in FIG. the following.
• a circuit for measuring the input current I e (t) of the circuit breaker 1 can be provided.
• This measurement chain comprises a sensor 50 of the input current I e (t). This is for example a resistive shunt. This measurement chain then comprises elements similar to those of the measurement chain of the derivative of the input current.
• the sensor 50 has an output connected to an input of a low-pass filter 51.
• the sensor 50 provides a measurement of the input current to the filter 51, which performs a low-pass filtering to eliminate any high-frequency components that disrupt the measurement chain.
• the filter 51 has an output connected to an input of an analog-digital converter 52.
• the filter 51 provides the measurement of the filtered input current to the converter 52 which performs an analog-to-digital conversion of the received signal.
• the analog-digital converter 52 has an output connected to an input of a transponder 53, an output of which is connected to one end of an optical fiber cable.
• the transponder 53 transforms the electrical signal that it receives from the converter 52 into an optical signal.
• the other end of the fiber optic cable is connected to the relay 3 which receives the optical signal and operates as shown below.
• the measurement chain of the input current can also be implemented in different ways.
• a measurement circuit of the output current I s (t) of the circuit breaker 1 can be provided.
• This measurement chain has elements similar to those of the corresponding upstream measurement chain.
• a sensor 60 of the output current I s (t) is for example a resistive shunt.
• the sensor 60 has an output connected to an input of a low-pass filter 61.
• the sensor 60 provides a measurement of the current to the filter 61, which carries out a low-pass filtering to eliminate any high-frequency components which would disturb the chain. measurement.
• the filter 61 has an output connected to an input of an analog-digital converter 62.
• the filter 61 provides the measurement of the output current filtered to the converter 62 which performs an analog-to-digital conversion of the received signal.
• the analog-to-digital converter 62 has an output connected to an input of a transponder 63, an output of which is connected to an end of a fiber optic cable.
• the transponder 63 transforms the electrical signal that it receives from the converter 62 into an optical signal.
• the other end of the fiber optic cable is connected to the relay 3 which receives the optical signal and operates as shown below.
• the measurement chain of the output current can also be implemented in different ways.
• the invention can also take into account voltage measurements, or voltage derivative, both upstream and downstream of the circuit breaker.
• electrical equipment is integrated in the network, on both sides of the circuit breaker and in series therewith.
• a switchgear is mounted in series with the circuit breaker, upstream and downstream thereof.
• a resistance insertion device is connected in series between each switchgear and the circuit breaker.
• Voltage or voltage derivative sensors can therefore be provided upstream and / or downstream. switching devices, not shown in Figure 1.
• a measurement chain can be provided respectively for the upstream voltage, the derivative of the upstream voltage, the downstream voltage and the derivative of the downstream voltage.
• the upstream voltage measurement chain comprises a sensor 70, a low-pass filter 71, an analog-digital converter 72 and a transponder 73. These elements are connected in series and the transponder is connected to the relay 3 via an optical fiber .
• Relay 3 receives the upstream voltage measurement.
• the downstream voltage measurement chain comprises a sensor 80, a low-pass filter 81, an analog-to-digital converter 82 and a transponder 83. These elements are connected in series and the transponder is connected to the relay 3 via a optical fiber.
• the relay 3 receives the downstream voltage measurement.
• the upstream voltage derivative measuring chain comprises a sensor 90, a low-pass filter 91, an analog-digital converter 92 and a transponder 93. These elements are connected in series and the transponder is connected to the relay 3 via an optical fiber. .
• Relay 3 receives the upstream voltage derivative measurement.
• the downstream voltage derivative measuring chain comprises a sensor 100, a low-pass filter 101, an analog-to-digital converter 102 and a transponder 103. These elements are connected in series and the transponder is connected to the relay 3 via an optical fiber.
• the relay 3 receives the downstream voltage derivative measurement.
• the relay 3 may furthermore comprise inputs for receiving remote programming data TP, such as data relating to the context of the network, or RS settings of different thresholds used according to the invention.
• the remote programming data TP make it possible to adapt the decisions taken according to the invention to the topology of the network by distinguishing "normal" transient modes and "abnormal" transient regimes, the latter requiring tripping of the circuit breaker.
• Relay 3 thus comprises a unit for acquiring measurements of the current derivative at the input of the circuit breaker and the other optional measurements, a computer processing unit notably configured to process the measurements acquired, and a circuit breaker tripping control unit. function of the result of the processing of the acquired measures.
• FIG. 2 represents a first embodiment of the method according to the invention, in the form of a flowchart comprising steps E1 to E7.
• Step E1 is the acquisition of the measurement of the derivative dl e (t) / dt of the input current I e (t) of the circuit breaker 1.
• the next step E2 is the calculation of the absolute value of the derivative measured in the preceding step, and the comparison of the absolute value of the derivative of the input current of the circuit breaker with a first predetermined threshold S i.
• Step E2 is then followed by step E1 of acquiring the measurement of the derivative d1 e (t) / dt of the input current of circuit breaker 1.
• step E2 is followed by step E3 at which the threshold exceeding is stored.
• a timer is started during a first pass through step E3, that is to say when the timer is not already in progress.
• step E4 is a test to determine if the timer is complete. As long as it is not completed, step E4 is followed by step E1 of measuring the derivative of the input current of the circuit breaker. When the delay is complete and the absolute value of the derivative is always greater than the threshold S i, this means that the transient phenomenon that has been detected is sufficiently durable to warrant a circuit breaker tripping order to be given. Step E4 is then followed by step E5 which is the sending by relay 3 of a tripping command of the circuit breaker.
• the tripping control of the circuit breaker is sent when the absolute value of the derivative of the input current of the circuit breaker is greater than the threshold S i a predetermined number of successive times.
• the timer is then replaced by a number of successive iterations to which the response is positive to the test of step E2.
• the predetermined number of successive times is equal to one.
• the tripping command of the circuit breaker is sent as soon as the absolute value of the derivative of the input current of the circuit breaker is detected as being greater than the threshold S i.
• a first additional condition relates to the integral of the derivative of the input current of the circuit breaker.
• the step E1 of measuring the derivative of the input current of the circuit breaker is further followed by the step E6 which is the calculation of the integral of the derivative previously measured.
• the result of this calculation corresponds to the variable part of the input current of the circuit breaker.
• the next step E7 is the comparison of the calculated integral with a second predetermined threshold S 2 .
• the second threshold S2 preferably depends on the average value of the current measured in a sliding time window and preceding the crossing of the first threshold Si by the absolute value of the derivative of the input current of the circuit breaker.
• Step E7 is then followed by step E1 of measuring the derivative of the input current.
• the calculated integral is greater than the second threshold S 2 , it means that the input current varies sufficiently so that the transient regime is considered abnormal.
• step E7 is followed by step E5 previously described.
• step E5 of sending a trip command of the circuit breaker is performed only if the two following conditions are met:
• the absolute value of the derivative of the input current of the circuit-breaker is greater than the first threshold Si
• the integral of the derivative of the input current of the circuit breaker is greater than the second threshold S 2 .
• the step E6 is modified to replace the calculation of the integral of the derivative of the input current of the circuit breaker by the acquisition of a measurement of the input current of the circuit breaker, then the determining an average value of the current measured over a sliding time window.
• Step E7 is also modified to compare the calculated average value with a third threshold S 3 .
• Step E7 is then followed by step E1 of measuring the derivative of the input current.
• the calculated average value is greater than the third threshold S 3 , it means that the input current varies sufficiently so that the transient regime is considered abnormal.
• step E7 is followed by step E5 previously described.
• step E5 of sending a trip command of the circuit breaker is performed only if the following two conditions are met:
• the absolute value of the derivative of the input current of the circuit-breaker is greater than the first threshold S i, and the average value of the input current of the circuit breaker is greater than the third threshold S3.
• FIG. 3 represents a second embodiment of the method according to the invention, in the form of a flow chart comprising steps Eli to E18. This embodiment takes into account voltages measured upstream and / or downstream of the circuit breaker.
• Steps Eli to E15 are similar to steps E1 to E5 of the first embodiment previously described.
• Step Eli is the acquisition of the measurement of the derivative dl e (t) / dt of the input current I e (t) of the circuit breaker 1.
• the next step E12 is the calculation of the absolute value of the derivative measured in the preceding step, and the comparison of the absolute value of the derivative of the input current of the circuit breaker with the first predetermined threshold S i.
• Step E12 is then followed by step E1I of measuring the derivative of the input current.
• step E12 is followed by step E13 at which the threshold exceeding is stored.
• a timer is started during a first pass through step E13, that is to say when the timer is not already in progress.
• step E14 is a test to determine if the timer is complete. As long as it is not completed, step E14 is followed by step E1 of measuring the derivative of the input current of the circuit breaker.
• Step E14 is then followed by step E15 which is the sending by relay 3 of a tripping command of the circuit breaker.
• step E14 is followed by the step E15 when the absolute value of the derivative of the input current of the circuit breaker is greater than the threshold S i a predetermined number of successive times.
• the timer is then replaced by a number of successive iterations to which the response is positive to the test of step E12.
• the predetermined number of successive times is equal to one.
• step E14 is followed by step E15 as soon as the absolute value of the derivative of the input current of the circuit breaker is greater than the threshold S i.
• An additional condition for validating the trip control of step E15 relates to the voltage upstream of the circuit breaker.
• this embodiment further comprises the step E16 corresponding to the acquisition of the measurement of the voltage upstream of the circuit breaker.
• the voltage upstream of the circuit breaker is measured continuously.
• the measured values are stored.
• step E16 is followed by step E17 which is calculated a ratio between the voltage Uo measured before this moment of variation of the current and the measured voltage Ui after that moment.
• step E18 is the comparison of the calculated ratio Uo / Ui with a predetermined threshold S R of voltage ratio.
• Step E18 is then followed by step E16 of acquiring the measurement of the voltage upstream of the circuit breaker.
• step E18 is followed by step E15 previously described.
• step E15 of sending a trip command of the circuit breaker is performed only if the following two conditions are met:
• the absolute value of the derivative of the input current of the circuit-breaker is greater than the first threshold Si
• the Uo / Ui ratio of the voltages measured upstream of the circuit breaker, before and after the occurrence of an assumed fault, is greater than the voltage ratio threshold S R.
• step E16 is modified to replace the measurement of the voltage upstream of the circuit breaker by measuring the voltage downstream of the circuit breaker.
• steps E17 and E18 are similar to those described above, but are performed by taking as voltage values the voltage values measured downstream of the circuit breaker.
• step E15 of sending a trip command of the circuit breaker is performed only if the two following conditions are met:
• the absolute value of the derivative of the input current of the circuit-breaker is greater than the first threshold Si, and the ratio of the voltages measured downstream of the circuit breaker is greater than the voltage ratio threshold S R.
• step E16 is modified to measure the voltage upstream of the circuit breaker and downstream of the circuit breaker.
• steps E17 and E18 are similar to those described above, but are performed by taking as voltage values on the one hand the voltage values measured upstream of the circuit breaker and on the other hand the voltage values measured downstream of the circuit breaker.
• step E15 of sending a trip command of the circuit breaker is performed only if the following three conditions are met:
• the absolute value of the derivative of the input current of the circuit-breaker is greater than the first threshold S i
• the ratio of the voltages measured upstream of the circuit-breaker is greater than the voltage ratio threshold S R .
• the ratio of the voltages measured downstream of the circuit breaker is greater than the voltage ratio threshold S R.
• step E16 is modified to perform an acquisition of the measurement of the derivative of the voltage upstream of the circuit breaker.
• Step E16 is then followed by step E18 which is modified to compare the absolute value of the derivative of the voltage upstream of the circuit breaker with a voltage derivative threshold S D u - If the absolute value of the derivative of the voltage upstream of the circuit breaker is not greater than the threshold Su, it means that the voltage varies sufficiently little to be considered stable.
• Step E18 is then followed by step E16 of acquiring the measurement of the voltage upstream of the disconnector.
• step E18 is followed by step E15 previously described.
• step E15 of sending a trip command of the circuit breaker is performed only if the two following conditions are met:
• the absolute value of the derivative of the input current of the circuit breaker is greater than the first threshold S i
• the absolute value of the derivative of the voltage upstream of the circuit breaker is greater than the voltage derivative threshold S D u -
• step E16 is modified to perform the acquisition of the measurement of the derivative of the voltage downstream of the circuit breaker.
• step E16 is modified to perform firstly the acquisition of the measurement of the derivative of the voltage upstream of the circuit breaker and secondly the acquisition of the measurement. the derivative of the voltage downstream of the circuit breaker.
• Step E18 is modified to compare the aboslues values of these two derivatives with the voltage derivative threshold S or -
• the step E15 of sending a trip control of the circuit breaker is performed only if the three conditions are met:
• the absolute value of the derivative of the input current of the circuit-breaker is greater than the first threshold S i
• the derivative of the voltage upstream of the circuit breaker is greater than the voltage derivative threshold S D u, and
• the derivative of the voltage downstream of the circuit breaker is greater than the voltage derivative threshold S or -
• S or - the voltage derivative threshold
• a third embodiment of the invention includes a possibility of inhibiting the tripping control of the circuit breaker.
• This embodiment comprises steps E20 to E23 that are traversed after step E5 or step E15, that is to say after sending the trip command of the circuit breaker.
• Step E20 corresponds to the acquisition of the measurement of the derivative of the input current of the circuit breaker. This step is similar to steps E1 and E1 previously described.
• the next step E21 is the comparison of the absolute value of the derivative of the input current of the circuit breaker with the first predetermined threshold S i. This step is similar to the previously described steps E2 and E12.
• step E21 is followed by step E22 at which the trip control of the circuit breaker is canceled, by sending an inhibit command. Otherwise, the tripping command of the circuit breaker is confirmed during a step E25. Thus the tripping command of the circuit breaker is confirmed or canceled, and in a time compatible with the requirements of speed of reaction when the circuit breaker must be tripped.
• the possibility of inhibiting the tripping control of the circuit breaker is conditioned by the value of the integral of the derivative of the input current of the circuit breaker.
• step E20 is further followed by the step E23 at which is calculated the integral of the measured value of the derivative of the input current of the circuit breaker.
• the next step E24 is the comparison of the calculated integral with the second predetermined threshold S 2 .
• step E7 If the calculated integral is greater than threshold S2, this confirms the result of step E7 or E18.
• the trip control of the circuit breaker is then confirmed during step E25.
• step E24 is followed by the step E22 at which the trip control of the circuit breaker is canceled, by sending an inhibition command.
• a fourth embodiment of the invention takes into account the output current of the circuit breaker. This embodiment comprises steps E31 to E38.
• Steps E31 to E35 are similar to steps E1 to E5 of the first embodiment previously described.
• Step E31 corresponds to the acquisition of the measurement of the derivative of the input current I e (t) of the circuit breaker 1.
• step E32 is the calculation of the absolute value of the derivative measured in the previous step E31, and the comparison of the absolute value of the derivative of the input current of the circuit breaker with the first predetermined threshold S i.
• Step E32 is then followed by step E31 of acquiring the measurement of the derivative of the input current.
• step E32 is followed by step E33 at which the threshold exceeding is stored.
• a timer is started during a first pass through step E33, that is to say when the timer is not already in progress.
• step E34 is a test to determine if the timer is complete. As long as it is not completed, step E34 is followed by step E31 of measuring the derivative of the input current of the circuit breaker.
• Step E34 is then followed by step E35 which is the sending by relay 3 of a tripping command of the circuit breaker.
• the tripping control of the circuit breaker is sent when the absolute value of the derivative of the input current of the circuit breaker is greater than the threshold S i a predetermined number of successive times.
• the timer is then replaced by a number of successive iterations to which the response is positive to the test of step E32.
• the predetermined number of successive times is equal to one.
• the trip control of the circuit breaker is sent as soon as the absolute value of the derivative of the circuit breaker input current is greater than threshold S i.
• the method comprises a step E36 of acquiring the measurement of the derivative of the output current I s (t) of the circuit breaker 1.
• the next step E37 corresponds to the calculation of the absolute value of the derivative measured in the previous step, and the comparison of the absolute value of the derivative of the output current of the circuit breaker with the first predetermined threshold S i.
• Step E37 is then followed by step E36 of measuring the derivative of the output current of the circuit breaker.
• step E37 is followed by step E38 which corresponds to a comparison of the absolute values of the derivatives of the input and output currents of the circuit breaker.
• a difference (greater than a threshold) between said absolute values makes it possible to characterize a fault internal to the circuit breaker, while values close to said abosm values make it possible to characterize a fault external to the circuit breaker.
• FIGS. 6a to 6c respectively represent examples of current I e (t) input of the circuit breaker, derived from this current, and integral of this derivative.
• the input current I e (t) is substantially constant until a moment to. It is assumed that at a moment to, a fault appears. As a result, the current begins to grow from this moment.
• the derivative of the input current of the circuit-breaker thus goes from a zero value to a non-zero value, here positive, at the instant to-
• the integral of the derivative of the input current of the circuit-breaker is zero until the instant to- From instant to, it grows on the same slope as the current.
• FIGS. 7a to 7c respectively represent other examples of current I e (t) of input of the circuit breaker, derived from this current, and integral of this derivative.
• the current decreases, its derivative takes a non-zero and negative value, and the integral of the derivative of the current also decreases.
• the fault can be detected and the trip command sent to the circuit breaker even if the current still has a value within a normal operating range.
• the trip command can be sent while the current has a value close to zero.
• the invention is not limited to the method as described above but also extends to a control device of a mechatronic circuit breaker intended to cut an electric current flowing through a means of transmission of electrical energy, characterized in that what it includes:
• a computer processing unit configured to compare the absolute value of the derivative of the input current with a first predetermined threshold, a tripping control unit of the circuit breaker when the absolute value of the derivative of the input current is greater than said first predetermined threshold; .
• the invention also extends to a computer program product comprising code instructions for performing the steps of the method as described above, when said program is run on a computer.
• the invention is furthermore not limited to the use of the measurement of the derivative of the input current of the circuit breaker to provide the tripping control, but can also use the measurement of the derivative of the output current of the circuit breaker for ensure this command, the notions input / output upstream / downstream are then simply inverted.

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• 2013
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• 2014
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