EP2927331A1 - Receptacle for receiving a metal melt - Google Patents

Receptacle for receiving a metal melt Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2927331A1
EP2927331A1 EP14163380.0A EP14163380A EP2927331A1 EP 2927331 A1 EP2927331 A1 EP 2927331A1 EP 14163380 A EP14163380 A EP 14163380A EP 2927331 A1 EP2927331 A1 EP 2927331A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ring
vessel
vessel according
bricks
stop
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Granted
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EP14163380.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2927331B1 (en
Inventor
Bernhard Handle
Bojan Zivanovic
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Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH and Co KG
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Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH and Co KG
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Application filed by Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH and Co KG
Priority to PL14163380T priority Critical patent/PL2927331T3/en
Priority to EP14163380.0A priority patent/EP2927331B1/en
Priority to ES14163380.0T priority patent/ES2614703T3/en
Priority to PCT/EP2015/053852 priority patent/WO2015149998A1/en
Publication of EP2927331A1 publication Critical patent/EP2927331A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/44—Refractory linings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/0003—Linings or walls
    • F27D1/0023—Linings or walls comprising expansion joints or means to restrain expansion due to thermic flows
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/44—Refractory linings
    • C21C5/445—Lining or repairing the taphole
    • C21C2005/446—Dry linings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a vessel for receiving a molten metal.
  • the invention includes all sizes and geometries of such vessels and regardless of the type of molten metal.
  • a vessel of the generic type for example a ladle, essentially has a pot shape and, correspondingly, a bottom from which, in the axial direction of the vessel, away from the ground, an endless wall extends on the circumference.
  • the vessel has approximately a cylindrical shape, wherein in the functional position of the vessel, the upper end is open or can be covered with a lid.
  • the axial direction of such a pan is defined below as the z-direction.
  • a copper converter as he from the EP 2253916 B1 is known and has the shape of a horizontal cylinder is the z-direction in the functional position of the converter horizontally.
  • the copper converter can be closed at both ends with a removable cover.
  • Terminology is defined as a lid as a bottom and a lid as the opening area of this metallurgical vessel.
  • the wall of such vessels on the outside comprises a metal shell and inside a refractory ceramic lining.
  • the lining may be monolithic or consist entirely or in sections of bricks.
  • the stones are often laid in stone composite, with juxtaposed stones complement each other to form a ring.
  • a slag layer is present on the molten metal bath which is particularly aggressive towards the adjacent refractory lining.
  • the thickness of the slag layer determines the so-called slag zone.
  • This area of the lining must be adequately stabilized so that when the vessel (the refractory lining) heats up and cools down in that area no stress cracks or joints between the stones form, which can lead to molten metal infiltration and thus to the destruction of the refractory material.
  • the metal sheet thus serves as an "abutment", which counteracts expansion of the refractory material in the axial direction of the vessel.
  • the stability of such a sheet metal abutment is much too small to compensate for the thermal expansion of the refractory material.
  • the refractory material pushes the metallic cover upwards. There are further cracks in the refractory material. As a result, the refractory lining loses its stability and joints open. Melt infiltrates and reduces the durability of the lining.
  • the invention is accordingly based on the object to offer a way to more effectively compensate for thermal expansion in the refractory lining of a metallurgical melting vessel.
  • an area below and above the slag zone is to be optimized.
  • the stability of the lining should be improved. Maintenance work on the refractory lining is to be simplified.
  • the invention is based on the following idea:
  • the thermal expansion of the refractory lining of the vessel can not be avoided. It is given material / physical. Accordingly, other measures must be taken to compensate for the strain.
  • the invention is based on the idea, in the upper part of the refractory lining, ie adjacent the opening of the vessel (in the case of a copper converter, the opening corresponding to the lid area), at least one row of stones of the refractory lining "movable" form.
  • the directions refer to a "normal state" of the vessel, in which the soil is horizontal.
  • the juxtaposed bricks complementary to a ring section or ring can "wander" in and out as the refractory lining bricks or underlying monolithic lining expands under thermal load.
  • This flexibility requires a corresponding geometry of the stones, but also a distance of adjacent stones in the original state, to take into account the "conicity" of the stones, due to the approximate cylindrical shape of the vessel.
  • the bricks of the refractory lining are narrower on the inside than on the outside, in each case viewed in the circumferential direction of the metallurgical vessel or its refractory lining.
  • adjacent stones In order to the stones can move inwards (radially inwards) adjacent stones must first have a distance from each other, which decreases with increasing displacement in the X direction.
  • the size of the gap depends on the thermal expansion behavior of the refractory lining and the usual operating temperatures. It can be determined mathematically without further ado.
  • ring includes - as stated - also individual ring sections. For example, in vessels which have a laterally outwardly leading outlet zone at the upper free end of the wall, the ring will not be closed, but at least have an interruption.
  • the inclined surface of the stones indicates the direction of movement of the stones (inwards, upwards), wherein said stopper forms a corresponding abutment.
  • This stop is therefore stationary and fixed, for example, on the outer metal shell of the vessel.
  • the stop can be materially connected to the metal shell.
  • the stop may be triangular or trapezoidal in cross section. In both cases, the desired inclined surface is formed.
  • the angle of the inclined surface of the stones or the angle of the stop surface varies depending on the type of vessel and the local conditions of use.
  • the abutment surface of the abutment extends at an angle between 5 and 60 ° to the axial direction of the vessel, wherein the axial direction of the vessel is a direction which is substantially perpendicular to the bottom.
  • the angle of the inclined surface of the stones of the first ring can be specified between 30 and 85 °, with respect to a plane which is perpendicular to the axial direction of the vessel.
  • the angle of the abutment surface will be between 30 and 50 °, that of the inclined surface of the stones between 60 and 40 °.
  • An insulating layer may be provided at least in sections between the refractory lining and the metal jacket.
  • the stones of the first ring - in the X direction - may be formed longer than the other stones of the lining, so that they can rest directly on the outside of the metal sheath (in the starting position, that is, when re-delivery or after a repair).
  • the stones of the first ring are preferably laid dry.
  • the distance between adjacent stones (between corresponding surfaces of adjacent stones) of the first ring may be filled with a compressible or combustible material (grout).
  • grout compressible or combustible material
  • the selection of the joint material is such that it is ensured that the stones have a thermal expansion of the adjacent refractory material a free mobility in the X and Z directions.
  • Suitable joint materials are: fiber insulation, cardboard, bitumen fleece, foamed plastics. Likewise, an air gap is possible.
  • the stones of the first ring are pressed and fired products.
  • the stones are made of a high quality grade, for example, a magnesia-chromite offset.
  • this ring or rings then be arranged at a distance to the first ring and at a distance to the bottom of the vessel.
  • Such other rings are also made of stone formats, as they were described for the first ring and analogously outside of these stones then each a corresponding stop (as described above) is arranged, which serves as an abutment for the moving stones within the ring.
  • the invention can be advantageously realized for a metallurgical ladle, but also for other vessels, in particular those vessels which have at least one bottom and a substantially cylindrical wall (eg converter).
  • the stop (the abutment) can be cooled to reduce thermal expansion.
  • the stop can be connected to a coolant circuit.
  • FIG. 1 a ladle is shown having a bottom B and a substantially cylindrical wall W extending upwardly from the bottom B and defining an opening O at the top free end.
  • the vessel (the ladle) has an outer metal shell M in the wall and floor area.
  • a refractory ceramic lining A connects, wherein in the wall region between refractory bricks S of the lining A and the metal shell M two insulating layers I run.
  • the upper end of the vessel wall W is also referred to as a gas area (freeboard).
  • a first ring R1 of refractory bricks 10 is provided in this area, which are assembled side by side to form the first ring R1 and define the opening O of the vessel accordingly.
  • adjacent stones 10 of the first ring R1 are spaced from each other and this distance is filled with a bitumen nonwoven 14, which softens at temperatures above 200 ° C and then burned almost residue-free.
  • the stones 10 of the ring R1 are on their rear side, the metal shell M adjacent, each formed with an inclined surface 10s, which extends at an angle ⁇ of 45 ° to the horizontal.
  • the stones 10 are with their inclined surface 10s against a corresponding stop surface 20a of a stopper 20, which extends radially outward, behind the stones 10 and is secured to the metal shell M.
  • the inner surfaces of the bricks S of the liner A and the bricks 10 of the ring R1 are substantially aligned with each other, as in FIG FIG. 2 shown on the left.
  • the refractory lining A heats up accordingly and the stones S expand in the direction Z (right part of FIG. 2 ).
  • the standing under axial pressure (in the direction Z) stones 10 within the ring R1 are accordingly pushed upwards (in the direction Z), ie against the stop surface 20a of the stopper 20.
  • the stones 20 according to the invention with their inclined surfaces 10s along the stop surfaces 20a slide, both towards the interior of the metallurgical vessel (in the direction X) and in the direction Z, as in the right part of FIG. 2 shown schematically (supernatants X1, Z1).
  • a second ring R2 made of refractory bricks 12 is arranged below the ring R1, and a further stop 22 is correspondingly arranged.
  • the above statements on the ring R1 and the degrees of freedom of the bricks 10 apply correspondingly to the ring R2 and the degrees of freedom of the bricks 12.
  • the displacement paths of the stones 12 are indicated by X2, Z2.
  • FIG. 2 also shows a coolant port K in the region of the stop 10 to cool the stop 10 during operation and to reduce thermal expansion.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)

Abstract

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Gefäß zur Aufnahme einer Metallschmelze.The invention relates to a vessel for receiving a molten metal.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Gefäß zur Aufnahme einer Metallschmelze.The invention relates to a vessel for receiving a molten metal.

Die Erfindung umfasst alle Größen und Geometrien solcher Gefäße und unabhängig von der Art der Metallschmelze.The invention includes all sizes and geometries of such vessels and regardless of the type of molten metal.

Ein Gefäß der gattungsgemäßen Art, beispielsweise eine Gießpfanne (englisch: ladle), hat im Wesentlichen eine Topfform und entsprechend einen Boden, von dem sich, in Axialrichtung des Gefäßes, vom Boden weg, eine umfangseitig endlose Wand erstreckt. Häufig hat das Gefäß angenähert eine Zylinderform, wobei in der Funktionsposition des Gefäßes das obere Ende offen ist beziehungsweise mit einem Deckel abgedeckt werden kann. Die Axialrichtung einer solchen Pfanne wird nachstehend als z-Richtung definiert.A vessel of the generic type, for example a ladle, essentially has a pot shape and, correspondingly, a bottom from which, in the axial direction of the vessel, away from the ground, an endless wall extends on the circumference. Often, the vessel has approximately a cylindrical shape, wherein in the functional position of the vessel, the upper end is open or can be covered with a lid. The axial direction of such a pan is defined below as the z-direction.

Bei einem Kupfer-Konverter, wie er aus der EP 2253916 B1 bekannt ist und der die Form eines liegenden Zylinders hat ist die z-Richtung in der Funktionsposition des Konverters horizontal. Der Kupfer-Konverter ist an beiden Enden mit einem abnehmbaren Deckel verschließbar. In der weiteren Terminologie wird ein Deckel als Boden und ein Deckel als öffnungsbereich dieses metallurgischen Gefäßes definiert.When a copper converter, as he from the EP 2253916 B1 is known and has the shape of a horizontal cylinder is the z-direction in the functional position of the converter horizontally. The copper converter can be closed at both ends with a removable cover. In the further Terminology is defined as a lid as a bottom and a lid as the opening area of this metallurgical vessel.

Üblicherweise umfasst die Wand solcher Gefäße außenseitig einen Metallmantel und innenseitig eine feuerfeste keramische Auskleidung. Die Auskleidung kann monolithisch sein oder ganz beziehungsweise abschnittsweise aus Steinen (englisch: bricks) bestehen.Usually, the wall of such vessels on the outside comprises a metal shell and inside a refractory ceramic lining. The lining may be monolithic or consist entirely or in sections of bricks.

Die Steine sind oft im Steinverbund verlegt, wobei nebeneinander angeordnete Steine sich zu einer Ringform ergänzen.The stones are often laid in stone composite, with juxtaposed stones complement each other to form a ring.

Bei normalem Füllungsgrad einer Pfanne oder eines Stahl-Konverters liegt auf dem Metallschmelze-Bad eine Schlackenschicht auf, die besonders aggressiv gegenüber der benachbarten feuerfesten Auskleidung ist. Die Dicke der Schlackenschicht bestimmt die sogenannte Schlackenzone.At the normal degree of filling of a ladle or steel converter, a slag layer is present on the molten metal bath which is particularly aggressive towards the adjacent refractory lining. The thickness of the slag layer determines the so-called slag zone.

Dieser Bereich der Auskleidung muss entsprechend stabilisiert werden, damit sich beim Aufheizen und Abkühlen des Gefäßes (der feuerfesten Auskleidung) in diesem Bereich keine Spannungsrisse oder Fugen zwischen den Steinen bilden, die zu einer Metallschmelzeinfiltration und damit zu einer Zerstörung des Feuerfestmaterials führen können.This area of the lining must be adequately stabilized so that when the vessel (the refractory lining) heats up and cools down in that area no stress cracks or joints between the stones form, which can lead to molten metal infiltration and thus to the destruction of the refractory material.

Dies gilt insbesondere auch unter Berücksichtigung der Tatsache, dass die gesamte feuerfeste Auskleidung des Gefäßes sich beim Aufheizen beziehungsweise Abkühlen ausdehnt oder schrumpft (entsprechend dem thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten des Feuerfestmaterials).This is especially true taking into account the fact that the entire refractory lining of the vessel expands or shrinks during heating or cooling (corresponding to the thermal expansion coefficient of the refractory material).

Um dieses Problem zu lösen hat man im Stand der Technik bei einer Gießpfanne versucht, die oberste Steinreihe (den obersten Steinring) mit einer Metallplatte zu überdecken, die am äußeren Metallmantel des Gefäßes befestigt ist und nach innen über die feuerfeste Ausmauerung vorsteht.In order to solve this problem, in the prior art, in a ladle, it has been attempted to cover the uppermost row of stones (the uppermost stone ring) with a metal plate fixed to the outer metal shell of the vessel and projecting inwardly beyond the refractory lining.

Das Metallblech dient damit quasi als "Widerlager", welches einer Ausdehnung des Feuerfestmaterials in Axialrichtung des Gefäßes entgegenwirkt. In der Praxis hat sich jedoch gezeigt, dass die Stabilität eines solchen Blech-Widerlagers viel zu gering ist, um die thermische Ausdehnung des Feuerfestmaterials zu kompensieren. Im Gegenteil: Das Feuerfestmaterial drückt die metallische Abdeckung nach oben weg. Es kommt zu weiteren Rissbildungen im Feuerfestmaterial. Dadurch verliert die Feuerfestauskleidung ihre Stabilität und Fugen öffnen sich. Schmelze infiltriert und reduziert die Haltbarkeit der Ausmauerung.The metal sheet thus serves as an "abutment", which counteracts expansion of the refractory material in the axial direction of the vessel. In practice, however, it has been found that the stability of such a sheet metal abutment is much too small to compensate for the thermal expansion of the refractory material. On the contrary: The refractory material pushes the metallic cover upwards. There are further cracks in the refractory material. As a result, the refractory lining loses its stability and joints open. Melt infiltrates and reduces the durability of the lining.

Der Erfindung liegt entsprechend die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Möglichkeit anzubieten, thermische Dehnungen im Bereich der feuerfesten Auskleidung eines metallurgischen Schmelzgefäßes effektiver zu kompensieren. Insbesondere soll ein Bereich unterhalb und oberhalb der Schlackenzone optimiert werden. Die Stabilität der Ausmauerung soll verbessert werden. Instandhaltungsarbeiten an der Feuerfestauskleidung sollen vereinfacht werden.The invention is accordingly based on the object to offer a way to more effectively compensate for thermal expansion in the refractory lining of a metallurgical melting vessel. In particular, an area below and above the slag zone is to be optimized. The stability of the lining should be improved. Maintenance work on the refractory lining is to be simplified.

Der Erfindung liegt folgender Gedanke zugrunde: Die thermische Ausdehnung der feuerfesten Auskleidung des Gefäßes kann nicht vermieden werden. Sie ist werkstoffmäßig/physikalisch gegeben. Entsprechend müssen andere Maßnahmen zur Kompensation der Dehnung getroffen werden.The invention is based on the following idea: The thermal expansion of the refractory lining of the vessel can not be avoided. It is given material / physical. Accordingly, other measures must be taken to compensate for the strain.

Dabei geht die Erfindung von der Überlegung aus, im oberen Bereich der Feuerfestauskleidung, also der Öffnung des Gefäßes benachbart (bei einem Kupfer-Konverter ist die Öffnung entsprechend dem Deckelbereich), mindestens eine Steinreihe der feuerfesten Auskleidung "beweglich" auszubilden.The invention is based on the idea, in the upper part of the refractory lining, ie adjacent the opening of the vessel (in the case of a copper converter, the opening corresponding to the lid area), at least one row of stones of the refractory lining "movable" form.

Dabei soll eine Beweglichkeit in zwei Richtungen des Koordinatensystems erlaubt sein:

  • Eine erste Richtung verläuft radial (nach Innen) in Bezug auf die Mittenlängsachse des Gefäßes, oder anders ausgedrückt: die Steine erhalten eine Beweglichkeit vom äußeren Metallmantel weg in Richtung auf das Innere des Gefäßes. Diese Richtung wird im Weiteren als X-Richtung bezeichnet.
  • Die zweite Richtungskomponente verläuft in Z-Richtung, das ist parallel zur Längsachse (Mittenlängsachse) des metallurgischen Gefäßes und damit vertikal bei einer Stahl-Gießpfanne oder bei einem Stahl-Konverter, dagegen horizontal bei dem eingangs genannten Kupfer-Konverter.
It should be allowed to move in two directions of the coordinate system:
  • A first direction is radially (inwardly) with respect to the central longitudinal axis of the vessel, or in other words, the stones receive mobility away from the outer metal shell towards the interior of the vessel. This direction is referred to below as the X direction.
  • The second directional component runs in the Z direction, which is parallel to the longitudinal axis (center longitudinal axis) of the metallurgical vessel and thus vertically in the case of a steel ladle or in a steel converter, but horizontally in the case of the aforementioned copper converter.

Die Richtungsangaben beziehen sich dabei auf einen "Normalzustand" des Gefäßes, bei dem der Boden horizontal verläuft.The directions refer to a "normal state" of the vessel, in which the soil is horizontal.

Mit diesen zwei Freiheitsgraden können die nebeneinander angeordneten, sich zu einem Ringabschnitt oder Ring ergänzenden Steine nach innen und oben "wandern", wenn die darunter angeordneten Steine der feuerfesten Auskleidung oder eine darunter angeordnete monolithische Auskleidung sich unter thermischer Last ausdehnt.With these two degrees of freedom, the juxtaposed bricks complementary to a ring section or ring can "wander" in and out as the refractory lining bricks or underlying monolithic lining expands under thermal load.

Diese Beweglichkeit setzt eine entsprechende Geometrie der Steine voraus, aber auch einen Abstand benachbarter Steine im Ursprungszustand, um der "Konizität" der Steine, aufgrund der angenäherten Zylinderform des Gefäßes, Rechnung zu tragen.This flexibility requires a corresponding geometry of the stones, but also a distance of adjacent stones in the original state, to take into account the "conicity" of the stones, due to the approximate cylindrical shape of the vessel.

Mit anderen Worten: Die Steine der feuerfesten Auskleidung sind innenseitig schmaler als außenseitig, jeweils in Umfangsrichtung des metallurgischen Gefäßes beziehungsweise seiner feuerfesten Ausmauerung betrachtet. Damit die Steine nach innen (radial nach innen) sich bewegen können müssen benachbarte Steine zunächst einen Abstand zueinander aufweisen, der sich mit zunehmender Verschiebung in X-Richtung verkleinert.In other words, the bricks of the refractory lining are narrower on the inside than on the outside, in each case viewed in the circumferential direction of the metallurgical vessel or its refractory lining. In order to the stones can move inwards (radially inwards) adjacent stones must first have a distance from each other, which decreases with increasing displacement in the X direction.

Die Größe des Abstandes (der Fuge) ist abhängig vom thermischen Ausdehnungsverhalten der feuerfesten Ausmauerung und den üblichen Betriebstemperaturen. Sie kann entsprechend mathematisch ohne weiteres ermittelt werden.The size of the gap (the joint) depends on the thermal expansion behavior of the refractory lining and the usual operating temperatures. It can be determined mathematically without further ado.

In ihrer allgemeinsten Ausführungsform betrifft die Erfindung danach ein Gefäß zur Aufnahme einer Metallschmelze mit folgenden Merkmalen:

  • einem Boden,
  • einer umfangseitig endlosen Wand, die sich, in Axialrichtung des Gefäßes, vom Boden weg erstreckt,
  • die Wand weist außenseitig einen Metallmantel und innenseitig eine feuerfeste keramische Auskleidung auf,
  • die feuerfeste keramische Auskleidung besteht an ihrem, dem Boden abgewandten freien Ende aus Steinen, die nebeneinander zu mindestens einem ersten Ring konfektioniert sind und mindestens eine Öffnung des Gefäßes definieren,
  • benachbarte Steine des ersten Rings sind im Abstand zueinander angeordnet,
  • eine Mehrzahl der Steine des ersten Rings ist auf der Rückseite, dem Metallmantel benachbart, jeweils mit einer Schrägfläche ausgebildet, die sich nach innen und vom Boden weg erstreckt,
  • radial nach außen, hinter den Steinen des ersten Rings, verläuft zwischen Metallmantel und Steinen ein am Metallmantel befestigter erster Anschlag mit einer, zur Schrägfläche der Steine korrespondierenden inneren Anschlagfläche.
In its most general embodiment, the invention then relates to a vessel for receiving a molten metal having the following features:
  • a floor,
  • a circumferentially endless wall extending away from the floor, in the axial direction of the vessel,
  • the wall has a metal shell on the outside and a refractory ceramic lining on the inside,
  • the refractory ceramic lining is made of stones at its free end facing away from the ground, which are assembled side by side to form at least one first ring and define at least one opening of the vessel,
  • adjacent stones of the first ring are spaced apart,
  • a plurality of the bricks of the first ring are formed on the rear side, adjacent to the metal shell, each with an inclined surface extending inwardly and away from the ground,
  • radially outward, behind the stones of the first ring, extends between the metal shell and stones a metal shell fixed to the first stop with a, corresponding to the inclined surface of the stones inner stop surface.

Der Begriff "Ring" inkludiert - wie ausgeführt - auch einzelne Ringabschnitte. Beispielsweise bei Gefäßen, die am oberen freien Ende der Wand eine seitlich nach Außen führende Auslaufzone aufweisen wird der Ring nicht geschlossen sein, sondern mindestens eine Unterbrechung aufweisen.The term "ring" includes - as stated - also individual ring sections. For example, in vessels which have a laterally outwardly leading outlet zone at the upper free end of the wall, the ring will not be closed, but at least have an interruption.

Die Schrägfläche der Steine gibt die Bewegungsrichtung der Steine (nach innen, nach oben) vor, wobei der genannte Anschlag ein korrespondierendes Gegenlager bildet. Dieser Anschlag ist deshalb ortsfest und beispielsweise am äußeren Metallmantel des Gefäßes befestigt.The inclined surface of the stones indicates the direction of movement of the stones (inwards, upwards), wherein said stopper forms a corresponding abutment. This stop is therefore stationary and fixed, for example, on the outer metal shell of the vessel.

Dabei kann der Anschlag materialschlüssig mit dem Metallmantel verbunden sein. Der Anschlag kann im Querschnitt dreieckig oder trapezartig sein. In beiden Fällen wird die gewünschte Schrägfläche ausgebildet.In this case, the stop can be materially connected to the metal shell. The stop may be triangular or trapezoidal in cross section. In both cases, the desired inclined surface is formed.

Der Winkel der Schrägfläche der Steine beziehungsweise der Winkel der Anschlagfläche variiert je nach Gefäßtyp und den lokalen Anwendungsbedingungen.The angle of the inclined surface of the stones or the angle of the stop surface varies depending on the type of vessel and the local conditions of use.

Nach einer Ausführungsform verläuft die Anschlagfläche des Anschlags unter einem Winkel zwischen 5 und 60° zur Axialrichtung des Gefäßes, wobei als Axialrichtung des Gefäßes eine Richtung bezeichnet wird, die im Wesentlichen senkrecht zum Boden verläuft.According to one embodiment, the abutment surface of the abutment extends at an angle between 5 and 60 ° to the axial direction of the vessel, wherein the axial direction of the vessel is a direction which is substantially perpendicular to the bottom.

Entsprechend kann der Winkel der Schrägfläche der Steine des ersten Rings zwischen 30 und 85° angegeben werden, und zwar in Bezug auf eine Ebene, die senkrecht zur Axialrichtung des Gefäßes ist.Accordingly, the angle of the inclined surface of the stones of the first ring can be specified between 30 and 85 °, with respect to a plane which is perpendicular to the axial direction of the vessel.

Üblicherweise werden die Winkel der Anschlagfläche zwischen 30 und 50° liegen, die der Schrägfläche der Steine zwischen 60 und 40°.Usually, the angle of the abutment surface will be between 30 and 50 °, that of the inclined surface of the stones between 60 and 40 °.

Zwischen der feuerfesten Auskleidung und dem Metallmantel kann mindestens abschnittsweise eine Isolierschicht vorgesehen werden. Bei einer solchen Ausführungsform können die Steine des ersten Rings - in X-Richtung - länger ausgebildet sein als die weiteren Steine der Auskleidung, damit sie außenseitig unmittelbar am Metallmantel anliegen können (in der Ausgangsposition, das heißt bei der Neuzustellung oder nach einer Reparatur).An insulating layer may be provided at least in sections between the refractory lining and the metal jacket. In such an embodiment, the stones of the first ring - in the X direction - may be formed longer than the other stones of the lining, so that they can rest directly on the outside of the metal sheath (in the starting position, that is, when re-delivery or after a repair).

Die Steine des ersten Rings werden vorzugsweise trocken verlegt.The stones of the first ring are preferably laid dry.

Der Abstand zwischen benachbarten Steinen (zwischen korrespondierenden Flächen benachbarter Steine) des ersten Rings kann mit einem komprimierbaren oder verbrennbaren Material (Fugenmaterial) ausgefüllt werden.The distance between adjacent stones (between corresponding surfaces of adjacent stones) of the first ring may be filled with a compressible or combustible material (grout).

Die Auswahl des Fugenmaterials erfolgt so, dass sichergestellt ist, dass die Steine bei thermischer Ausdehnung des benachbarten Feuerfestmaterials eine freie Beweglichkeit in X- und Z-Richtung haben.The selection of the joint material is such that it is ensured that the stones have a thermal expansion of the adjacent refractory material a free mobility in the X and Z directions.

Geeignete Fugenwerkstoffe sind: Faserdämmstoff, Karton, Bitumenvlies, Schaumkunststoffe. Ebenso ist ein Luftspalt möglich.Suitable joint materials are: fiber insulation, cardboard, bitumen fleece, foamed plastics. Likewise, an air gap is possible.

Eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung sieht vor, dass die Steine des ersten Rings gepresste und gebrannte Erzeugnisse sind. Vorzugsweise bestehen die Steine aus einer hochwertigen Sorte, beispielsweise aus einem Magnesia-Chromit-Versatz.Another embodiment of the invention provides that the stones of the first ring are pressed and fired products. Preferably, the stones are made of a high quality grade, for example, a magnesia-chromite offset.

Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, das Gefäß mit weiteren analogen Ringen aus feuerfesten Steinen auszubilden, wobei dieser Ring oder diese Ringe dann im Abstand zum ersten Ring sowie im Abstand zum Boden des Gefäßes angeordnet werden. Solche weiteren Ringe bestehen ebenfalls aus Steinformaten, wie sie zum ersten Ring beschrieben wurden und analog ist außen neben diesen Steinen dann jeweils ein entsprechender Anschlag (wie vorstehend beschrieben) angeordnet, der als Gegenlager für die beweglichen Steine innerhalb des Rings dient.It is within the scope of the invention to form the vessel with further analogous rings of refractory bricks, this ring or rings then be arranged at a distance to the first ring and at a distance to the bottom of the vessel. Such other rings are also made of stone formats, as they were described for the first ring and analogously outside of these stones then each a corresponding stop (as described above) is arranged, which serves as an abutment for the moving stones within the ring.

Die Erfindung lässt sich vorteilhaft für eine metallurgische Gießpfanne realisieren, ebenso aber auch für andere Gefäße insbesondere solche Gefäße, die mindestens einen Boden und eine weitgehend zylindrische Wand aufweisen (z. B. Konverter).The invention can be advantageously realized for a metallurgical ladle, but also for other vessels, in particular those vessels which have at least one bottom and a substantially cylindrical wall (eg converter).

Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Merkmalen der Unteransprüche sowie den sonstigen Anmeldungsunterlagen.Other features of the invention will become apparent from the features of the claims and the other application documents.

Beispielsweise kann der Anschlag (das Widerlager) gekühlt werden, um thermische Dehnungen zu reduzieren. Dazu kann der Anschlag an einen Kühlmittelkreislauf angeschlossen werden.For example, the stop (the abutment) can be cooled to reduce thermal expansion. For this purpose, the stop can be connected to a coolant circuit.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand von zwei Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Dabei zeigen- jeweils in schematisierter Darstellung -

Figur 1:
einen Vertikalschnitt durch ein erfindungsgemäßes Gefäß,
Figur 2:
eine vergrößerte Darstellung eines Wandbereichs einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines Gefäßes.
The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to two exemplary embodiments. Show each - in a schematic representation -
FIG. 1:
a vertical section through a vessel according to the invention,
FIG. 2:
an enlarged view of a wall portion of another embodiment of a vessel.

In den Figuren sind gleiche oder gleich wirkende Bauteile mit gleichen Bezugszeichen dargestellt.In the figures, the same or equivalent components are shown with the same reference numerals.

In Figur 1 ist eine Gießpfanne dargestellt, die einen Boden B und eine im Wesentlichen zylinderförmige Wand W aufweist, die sich vom Boden B nach oben erstreckt und am oberen freien Ende eine Öffnung O definiert.In FIG. 1 a ladle is shown having a bottom B and a substantially cylindrical wall W extending upwardly from the bottom B and defining an opening O at the top free end.

Im Boden B ist ein Gasspülelement G integriert.In the bottom B a Gasspülelement G is integrated.

Das Gefäß (die Gießpfanne) weist einen äußeren Metallmantel M im Wand-und Bodenbereich auf. Innenseitig schließt sich eine feuerfeste keramische Auskleidung A an, wobei im Wandbereich zwischen feuerfesten Steinen S der Auskleidung A und dem Metallmantel M zwei Isolierschichten I verlaufen.The vessel (the ladle) has an outer metal shell M in the wall and floor area. On the inside, a refractory ceramic lining A connects, wherein in the wall region between refractory bricks S of the lining A and the metal shell M two insulating layers I run.

Zwei gegenüberliegende Gießbereiche Z am oberen Ende des Gefäßes sind schematisch dargestellt.Two opposite casting areas Z at the upper end of the vessel are shown schematically.

Das obere Ende der Gefäßwand W wird auch als Gasbereich (englisch: freeboard) bezeichnet. Beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist in diesem Bereich ein erster Ring R1 aus feuerfesten Steinen 10 vorgesehen, die nebeneinander unter Ausbildung des ersten Rings R1 konfektioniert sind und entsprechend die Öffnung O des Gefäßes definieren.The upper end of the vessel wall W is also referred to as a gas area (freeboard). In the illustrated embodiment, a first ring R1 of refractory bricks 10 is provided in this area, which are assembled side by side to form the first ring R1 and define the opening O of the vessel accordingly.

Dabei sind benachbarte Steine 10 des ersten Rings R1 im Abstand zueinander angeordnet und dieser Abstand ist mit einem Bitumenvlies 14 ausgefüllt, welches bei Temperaturen oberhalb 200°C erweicht und anschließend nahezu rückstandsfrei ausbrennt.In this case, adjacent stones 10 of the first ring R1 are spaced from each other and this distance is filled with a bitumen nonwoven 14, which softens at temperatures above 200 ° C and then burned almost residue-free.

Die Steine 10 des Rings R1 sind auf ihrer Rückseite, dem Metallmantel M benachbart, jeweils mit einer Schrägfläche 10s ausgebildet, die unter einem Winkel α von 45° zur Horizontalen verläuft.The stones 10 of the ring R1 are on their rear side, the metal shell M adjacent, each formed with an inclined surface 10s, which extends at an angle α of 45 ° to the horizontal.

Die Steine 10 liegen mit ihrer Schrägfläche 10s gegen eine korrespondierende Anschlagfläche 20a eines Anschlags 20 an, der radial nach außen, hinter den Steinen 10 verläuft und am Metallmantel M befestigt ist.The stones 10 are with their inclined surface 10s against a corresponding stop surface 20a of a stopper 20, which extends radially outward, behind the stones 10 and is secured to the metal shell M.

Bei der Neuzustellung oder nach einer Reparatur verlaufen die Innenflächen der Steine S der Auskleidung A und der Steine 10 des Rings R1 im Wesentlichen fluchtend zueinander, wie in Figur 2 links dargestellt.At the time of repositioning or after repair, the inner surfaces of the bricks S of the liner A and the bricks 10 of the ring R1 are substantially aligned with each other, as in FIG FIG. 2 shown on the left.

Wird das Gefäß mit einer Metallschmelze gefüllt erwärmt sich die feuerfeste Auskleidung A entsprechend und die Steine S dehnen sich, und zwar in Richtung Z (rechter Teil von Figur 2).If the vessel is filled with a molten metal, the refractory lining A heats up accordingly and the stones S expand in the direction Z (right part of FIG FIG. 2 ).

Die so unter Axialdruck (in Richtung Z) stehenden Steine 10 innerhalb des Rings R1 werden entsprechend nach oben (in Richtung Z) gedrückt, also gegen die Anschlagfläche 20a des Anschlags 20. Dabei können die Steine 20 erfindungsgemäß mit ihren Schrägflächen 10s entlang der Anschlagflächen 20a gleiten, und zwar sowohl in Richtung auf das Innere des metallurgischen Gefäßes (in Richtung X) als auch in Richtung Z, wie im rechten Teil von Figur 2 schematisch dargestellt (Überstände X1, Z1).The standing under axial pressure (in the direction Z) stones 10 within the ring R1 are accordingly pushed upwards (in the direction Z), ie against the stop surface 20a of the stopper 20. The stones 20 according to the invention with their inclined surfaces 10s along the stop surfaces 20a slide, both towards the interior of the metallurgical vessel (in the direction X) and in the direction Z, as in the right part of FIG. 2 shown schematically (supernatants X1, Z1).

Mit der Verschiebung der Steine 10 nach innen (in X-Richtung) verringern sich auch die Fugenbreiten benachbarter Steine 10, wobei das in den Fugen liegende Dämmmaterial zunächst komprimiert wird und dann ausbrennt.With the displacement of the stones 10 inwards (in the X direction), the joint widths of adjacent stones 10 are also reduced, with the insulating material lying in the joints initially being compressed and then burned out.

Beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 2 ist unterhalb des Rings R1 ein zweiter Ring R2 aus feuerfesten Steinen 12 angeordnet und entsprechend ein weiterer Anschlag 22. Dabei gelten die vorstehenden Ausführungen zum Ring R1 und den Freiheitsgraden der Steine 10 entsprechend für den Ring R2 und die Freiheitsgrade der Steine 12.According to the embodiment FIG. 2 a second ring R2 made of refractory bricks 12 is arranged below the ring R1, and a further stop 22 is correspondingly arranged. The above statements on the ring R1 and the degrees of freedom of the bricks 10 apply correspondingly to the ring R2 and the degrees of freedom of the bricks 12.

Der Winkel zwischen der Anschlagfläche 22a und der Axialrichtung AR-AR (=Axialrichtung des Gefäßes) beträgt wiederum 45°.The angle between the stop surface 22a and the axial direction AR-AR (= axial direction of the vessel) is again 45 °.

Die Verschiebewege der Steine 12 sind mit X2, Z2 angegeben.The displacement paths of the stones 12 are indicated by X2, Z2.

Figur 2 zeigt auch einen Kühlmittelanschluss K im Bereich des Anschlags 10, um den Anschlag 10 im Betrieb zu kühlen und thermische Dehnungen zu reduzieren. FIG. 2 also shows a coolant port K in the region of the stop 10 to cool the stop 10 during operation and to reduce thermal expansion.

Claims (15)

Gefäß zur Aufnahme einer Metallschmelze mit folgenden Merkmalen: a) einem Boden (B) b) einer umfangsseitig endlosen Wand (W), die sich, in Axialrichtung des Gefäßes, vom Boden (B) weg erstreckt, c) die Wand (W) weist außenseitig einen Metallmantel (M) und innenseitig eine feuerfeste keramischen Auskleidung (A) auf, d) die feuerfeste keramische Auskleidung (A) besteht an ihrem, dem Boden (B) abgewandten freien Ende (E) aus Steinen (10), die nebeneinander zu mindestens einem ersten Ring (R1) konfektioniert sind und mindestens eine Öffnung (O) des Gefäßes definieren, e) benachbarte Steine (10) des ersten Rings (R1) sind im Abstand zueinander angeordnet, f) eine Mehrzahl der Steine (10) des ersten Rings (R1) ist auf der Rückseite, dem Metallmantel (M) benachbart, jeweils mit einer Schrägfläche (10s) ausgebildet, die sich nach innen und vom Boden (B) weg erstreckt, g) radial nach außen, hinter den Steinen (10) des ersten Rings (R1), verläuft zwischen Metallmantel (M) und Steinen (10) ein am Metallmantel (M) befestigter erster Anschlag (20) mit einer, zur Schrägfläche (10s) der Steine (10) korrespondierenden inneren Anschlagfläche (20a). Container for receiving a molten metal having the following features: a) a soil (B) b) a circumferentially endless wall (W) extending away from the bottom (B) in the axial direction of the vessel, c) the wall (W) has a metal jacket (M) on the outside and a refractory ceramic lining (A) on the inside, d) the refractory ceramic lining (A) consists at its, the bottom (B) facing away from free end (E) of stones (10) which are assembled side by side to at least a first ring (R1) and at least one opening (O) of the Define vessel, e) adjacent bricks (10) of the first ring (R1) are spaced apart from each other, f) a plurality of the bricks (10) of the first ring (R1) is formed on the rear side adjacent to the metal shell (M), each having an inclined surface (10s) extending inwardly and away from the bottom (B), g) radially outward, behind the stones (10) of the first ring (R1), extends between the metal shell (M) and stones (10) on the metal shell (M) attached first stop (20) with a, to Inclined surface (10s) of the stones (10) corresponding inner stop surface (20a). Gefäß nach Anspruch 1, dessen Anschlag (20) materialschlüssig mit dem Metallmantel (M) verbunden ist.Container according to claim 1, the stop (20) of which is materially connected to the metal jacket (M). Gefäß nach Anspruch 1, dessen Anschlag (20) ringförmig gestaltet ist.A vessel according to claim 1, the stop (20) of which is of annular design. Gefäß nach Anspruch 1, dessen Anschlag (20) im Querschnitt dreieckig oder trapezartig ist.A vessel according to claim 1, the stop (20) of which is triangular or trapezoidal in cross-section. Gefäß nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Anschlagfläche (20a) des Anschlags (20) unter einem Winkel zwischen 5 und 60° zur Axialrichtung des Gefäßes verläuft.A vessel according to claim 1, wherein the abutment surface (20a) of the abutment (20) extends at an angle between 5 and 60 ° to the axial direction of the vessel. Gefäß nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Schrägfläche (10s) der Steine (10) des ersten Rings (R1) unter einem Winkel zwischen 30 und 85° zu einer Ebene verläuft, die senkrecht zur Axialrichtung des Gefäßes ist.A vessel according to claim 1, wherein the inclined surface (10s) of the bricks (10) of the first ring (R1) extends at an angle between 30 and 85 ° to a plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the vessel. Gefäß nach Anspruch1, bei dem zwischen der feuerfesten keramischen Auskleidung (A) und dem Metallmantel () zumindest abschnittweise eine Isolierschicht (I) liegt.A vessel according to claim 1, wherein at least in sections there is an insulating layer (I) between the refractory ceramic lining (A) and the metal jacket (12). Gefäß nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Steine (10) des ersten Rings (R1) trocken verlegt sind.A vessel according to claim 1, wherein the bricks (10) of the first ring (R1) are laid dry. Gefäß nach Anspruch 1, bei dem zwischen benachbarten Steinen (10) des ersten Rings (R1) ein komprimierbares oder verbrennbares Fugenmaterial (30) angeordnet ist.A vessel according to claim 1, wherein a compressible or combustible joint material (30) is disposed between adjacent bricks (10) of the first ring (R1). Gefäß nach Anspruch 9, bei dem das Fugenmaterial (30) ein Material aus der Gruppe: Faserdämmstoff, Karton, Bitumenvlies ist.The vessel according to claim 9, wherein the joint material (30) is a material from the group: fiber insulation, cardboard, bitumen fleece. Gefäß nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Steine (10) des ersten Rings (R1) außenseitig, dem Metallmantel benachbart, in Umfangsrichtung des ersten Rings breiter als innenseitig sind.A vessel according to claim 1, wherein the bricks (10) of the first ring (R1) are wider on the outside than the metal shell, wider in the circumferential direction of the first ring than on the inside. Gefäß nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Steine (10) des ersten Rings (R1) gepresste und gebrannte Erzeugnisse sind.A vessel according to claim 1, wherein the bricks (10) of the first ring (R1) are pressed and fired products. Gefäß nach Anspruch 1, mit mindestens einem weiteren Ring (R2) aus feuerfesten keramischen Steinen (12), die analog zu den Steinen (10) des ersten Rings (R1) gestaltet und im Abstand zum ersten Ring (R1) sowie im Abstand zum Boden (B) verlaufen sowie mit mindestens einem korrespondierenden weiteren Anschlag (22), der analog zum ersten Anschlag (20) gestaltet ist.A vessel according to claim 1, comprising at least one further ring (R2) made of refractory ceramic bricks (12) designed analogously to the bricks (10) of the first ring (R1) and spaced from the first ring (R1) and at a distance from the floor (B) and with at least one corresponding further stop (22) which is designed analogously to the first stop (20). Gefäß nach Anspruch 1 in Form einer metallurgischen Gießpfanne.A vessel according to claim 1 in the form of a metallurgical ladle. Gefäß nach Anspruch 1, bei dem der Anschlag (10) kühlbar ist.A vessel according to claim 1, wherein the stop (10) is coolable.
EP14163380.0A 2014-04-03 2014-04-03 Receptacle for receiving a metal melt Not-in-force EP2927331B1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL14163380T PL2927331T3 (en) 2014-04-03 2014-04-03 Receptacle for receiving a metal melt
EP14163380.0A EP2927331B1 (en) 2014-04-03 2014-04-03 Receptacle for receiving a metal melt
ES14163380.0T ES2614703T3 (en) 2014-04-03 2014-04-03 Container for housing a metal melt
PCT/EP2015/053852 WO2015149998A1 (en) 2014-04-03 2015-02-24 Vessel for receiving a molten melt

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14163380.0A EP2927331B1 (en) 2014-04-03 2014-04-03 Receptacle for receiving a metal melt

Publications (2)

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EP2927331A1 true EP2927331A1 (en) 2015-10-07
EP2927331B1 EP2927331B1 (en) 2017-01-04

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EP (1) EP2927331B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2614703T3 (en)
PL (1) PL2927331T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2015149998A1 (en)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1433463A1 (en) * 1962-03-08 1968-11-07 Corhart Refractories Co Vaulted oven ceiling
US5499798A (en) * 1994-02-22 1996-03-19 Usx Corporation Refractory retaining apparatus
EP2253916B1 (en) 2009-05-20 2011-01-19 Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH & Co. KG Metallurgical melt and treatment assembly

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1433463A1 (en) * 1962-03-08 1968-11-07 Corhart Refractories Co Vaulted oven ceiling
US5499798A (en) * 1994-02-22 1996-03-19 Usx Corporation Refractory retaining apparatus
EP2253916B1 (en) 2009-05-20 2011-01-19 Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH & Co. KG Metallurgical melt and treatment assembly

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EP2927331B1 (en) 2017-01-04
WO2015149998A1 (en) 2015-10-08
PL2927331T3 (en) 2017-05-31
ES2614703T3 (en) 2017-06-01

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