EP2925956A2 - Dispositif blindé à plusieurs paires en tant que ligne d'alimentation d'une boucle de chauffe par induction dans des gisements d'huiles lourdes - Google Patents

Dispositif blindé à plusieurs paires en tant que ligne d'alimentation d'une boucle de chauffe par induction dans des gisements d'huiles lourdes

Info

Publication number
EP2925956A2
EP2925956A2 EP13786446.8A EP13786446A EP2925956A2 EP 2925956 A2 EP2925956 A2 EP 2925956A2 EP 13786446 A EP13786446 A EP 13786446A EP 2925956 A2 EP2925956 A2 EP 2925956A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conductor
conductors
pairs
arrangement according
tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13786446.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2925956B1 (fr
Inventor
Dirk Diehl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2925956A2 publication Critical patent/EP2925956A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2925956B1 publication Critical patent/EP2925956B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
    • E21B43/2401—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection by means of electricity
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B36/00—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
    • E21B36/04—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones using electrical heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B9/00—Power cables
    • H01B9/06—Gas-pressure cables; Oil-pressure cables; Cables for use in conduits under fluid pressure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement of a plurality of electrical conductor pairs for the symmetrical feeding of a consumer.
  • SAGD Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage
  • an inductive heater can be used to assist or promote
  • the electromagnetic inductive heating consists of a conductor loop, which is laid in the reservoir and induces eddy currents in the surrounding soil when energized, which heat this.
  • heating power densities typically 1-10 kW per meter of inductor length are to be achieved
  • capacitances are interposed, creating a series resonant circuit that operates at its resonant frequency and represents a purely resistive load on the terminals. Without these series capacitors, the inductive voltage drop of up to several 100 m long conductor loops would add up to a few 10 kV to over 100 kV at the terminals, which is hardly manageable with regard to the insulation against the ground.
  • the load from mechanical and hydraulic external pressure is a problem to which the supply line must withstand onshore and offshore especially in over 1000 m deep reservoirs, which corresponds to a pressure of over 100 bar.
  • the connection of the conductor loop to a converter is effected by a capacitively compensated inductor line.
  • the losses in the overburden - overburden - can be largely avoided by connecting the return and return conductors in parallel and at a small distance from each other, e.g. ⁇ 5 m), as long as there is no metallic, in particular no ferromagnetic, shielding / sheathing of each individual inductor arm.
  • US Pat. No. 1,625,125 A discloses an electrical conductor pair that is divided into a plurality of conductor pairs, with the forward and return conductors of the conductor pairs being alternately distributed in a cyclic and / or uniform manner in order to reduce self-induction in conductors of a power transmission line ,
  • the coaxial cable with external electrical insulation can also be enveloped by a steel tube which is concreted into the overburden to ensure a seal against the reservoir.
  • common steel wellheads are usable.
  • the disadvantage, however, is the need for external insulation. On the one hand, this can fail electrically, which can lead to rollovers to the drill head or the bore lining, on the other hand could pass through an annular gap between the outer insulation and the surrounding bore lining fluids from the reservoir to the surface when a seal fails. This risk is increased by the fact that, when the coaxial feed line is inserted into the bore lining under real conditions, damage occurs and / or contamination is introduced.
  • a conductor arrangement in which individual strands of three separately insulated phase conductors within a tube by means of a fluid are isolated from each other and provided at the intervals at predetermined intervals support - discs of a ceramic material or other good insulating material are to ensure a substantially uniform spacing of the phase conductor strands from each other and to the tube.
  • an object of the invention to provide a suitable device or conductor arrangement for feeding an electric or electromagnetic heating of a reservoir of a heavy oil or oil sands deposit, which minimizes ecological risks and can be operated efficiently.
  • This object is achieved by means of an arrangement of a plurality of electrical conductor pairs for the symmetrical feeding of a consumer - in particular a capacitively compensated conductor loop for the inductive heating of deposits of hydrocarbon-containing substances such as oil sands, bitumen, heavy oil, natural gas, shale gas - and an umbrella tube surrounding them
  • Return and return conductors of the conductor pairs are alternately arranged in a cyclic and / or evenly distributed manner within the screen tube surrounding the plurality of conductor pairs.
  • the conductors are preferably distributed radially and uniformly over the circumference at a predetermined distance, wherein alternately a forward and return conductor of a pair of conductors is arranged.
  • the conductors are preferably arranged to one another spaced apart.
  • the distance from lateral surfaces of two conductors to each other is, for example, at least as large as the diameter of one of the conductors. Due to the complete inclusion of the electric field in the conductor structure, the electrical insulation of the shielding tube to the surrounding soil in onshore or to the surrounding seawater in offshore applications can be omitted.
  • the arrangement of return conductor pairs leads to a symmetrical line, which is ideally suited to transmit the earth potential of the generator to a conductor loop - this is especially true when using an insulated output transformer with a grounded center tap.
  • the higher the number of return conductor pairs in the described alternating arrangement the faster the surrounding electric and magnetic fields fall out towards the screen tube. Accordingly, the currents occurring in the shield tube and the associated losses are lower.
  • conductors with rounded sector-shaped conductor cross-section are used. Thus, higher capacity pads and thus lower line impedances can be achieved without increasing the maximum electric field strength. This can be used to reduce the conductor cross-sectional dimensions or to extend the range of achievable line impedances downwards without increasing the dielectric strength requirements of the dielectric.
  • the conductor cross sections are hollow. As a result, weight can be saved and the conductor cross-section at high frequencies - be better used here up to 200 kHz.
  • a dielectric acting as insulation between the conductors made of plastic or ceramic or as a fluid can be selected.
  • Solid dielectrics such as plastic or ceramic have the advantages of supporting the conductors simultaneously and sealing the conduit from passage of fluids from the reservoir, thereby providing Caprock integrity.
  • Gases as a dielectric have the advantage that they can withstand high temperatures permanently.
  • Some silicone or synthetic oils can also be used as a dielectric at high temperatures around or above 300 ° C. Liquid or gaseous dielectrics have the advantage that they do not resist the bending of the line and their electric strength is maintained.
  • Another advantage over a gas filling is that, for example, an oil used as a dielectric can build up a hydrostatic pressure due to its specific weight, which corresponds approximately to that of the surrounding soil. Thus, an outer conductor would be supported by the internal pressure of the oil.
  • supporting disks for holding and / or guiding the conductors in the shielding tube are provided at predetermined intervals. The support washers are needed, the conductor routed in the shield tube in
  • the conductors or pairs of conductors are arranged in the shield tube in the form of a helix.
  • the leadership of the conductor pairs as a helix is advantageous when laying in bows, as it allows a length compensation of inner and outer bows. Furthermore, this can additionally achieve a further reduction of the electromagnetic emission.
  • the conductors and / or the shielding tube are advantageously made of electrically highly conductive and non-ferromagnetic material (for example aluminum) in order to reduce or avoid ohmic losses and magnetic hysteresis losses.
  • the shield tube is constructed concentrically multilayered. If the innermost layer is made of a good electrical conductor, e.g. Aluminum, the ohmic losses can be reduced. Conductor material that is not ferromagnetic minimizes hysteresis losses. Already a few millimeters thick innermost conductor layer, e.g. 3-5 skin penetration depths is sufficient to ensure a sufficiently high electromagnetic shielding. Another layer, for example made of steel, can ensure a required mechanical stability. If necessary, other plastic coatings can be applied as corrosion protection, which may be necessary especially in offshore applications.
  • a good electrical conductor e.g. Aluminum
  • Conductor material that is not ferromagnetic minimizes hysteresis losses.
  • a few millimeters thick innermost conductor layer e.g. 3-5 skin penetration depths is sufficient to ensure a sufficiently high electromagnetic shielding.
  • Another layer for example made of steel, can ensure a required mechanical stability. If necessary, other plastic coatings can be applied as corrosion protection, which may be
  • the sole figure shows a perspective view of a section through the longitudinal axis of a conductor according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • a plurality of leads 1 and 2 return conductor of an embodiment of an arrangement of a plurality of electrical conductor pairs 3 for symmetrical supply of a consumer - not shown - within a shielding tube 4 enclosing it.
  • three of a total of six conductors 1, 2 are shown, each of which forms three pairs of conductors 3, which are distributed at approximately the same distance over the circumference of a circle and are separated from one another by equal distances.
  • the number of Hin- 1 and return conductor 2 pairs 3 is increased in the described alternating arrangement, as this attenuate the surrounding electromagnetic fields outwardly to the screen tube 4 back very quickly. As a result, the eddy currents forming in the shielding tube 4 and the associated losses decrease.
  • a fluid-for example a gas such as nitrogen or SF 6 or a liquid such as transformer oil or silicone oil- is provided as insulation or dielectric between the conductors 1, 2.
  • Liquid or gaseous dielectrics have the advantage that they do not resist bending of the line and their electric strength is maintained. However, at certain intervals, for example one to twenty meters, Slices 5 are needed, which hold the ladder 1, 2 in position while ensuring the longitudinal tightness of the line.
  • Gases as a dielectric have the advantage that they can withstand high temperatures permanently. Even some silicone or synthetic oils may or may not circulate at high temperatures
  • 300 ° C can be used as a dielectric.
  • successive distributed support disks 5 are continuously slightly rotated against each other, wherein the individual conductors 1, 2 or conductor pairs 3 form a helix.
  • the conductor pairs 3 By guiding the conductor pairs 3 as a helix, these can be laid particularly advantageously in bends for length compensation of internal or external curves.
  • such a "twisting" offers a further reduction in particular of an electromagnetic radiation of the conductors 1, 2.
  • the conductor tube 4 enveloping the shield tube 4 can be placed at ground potential, or may be performed without electrical insulation by soil or seawater. At the operating frequencies in the range of 10-200 kHz, which are used here in comparison to the mains frequency, grounding is ensured by a capacitive short circuit even if a thin, eg 0.5 mm thick, plastic outer coating is applied as corrosion protection. This results in significant advantages over a spatially further separate and unshielded leadership of return conductors 1, 2, as they are known from the prior art.
  • the conductor pairs 3 incl. of the shielding tube 4 can be passed through a commercially available wellhead made of steel, since there are no electromagnetic fields outside the shield tube. Otherwise, the electromagnetic fields would result in undesirable and unacceptable heating of a steel wellhead, or would require a non-conductive and non-ferromagnetic wellhead such as plastic. Plastic wellheads are not currently being developed.
  • a field-free and therefore loss-free outdoor space is particularly advantageous in the realization of a passage through seawater, since the electrical conductivity of the salt water of about 5 S / m by a multiple, about 10 - 1000 times higher than in a overburden onshore Applications.
  • the passage of an unshielded inductor cable through seawater would be correspondingly higher and possibly. no longer cause acceptable electrical losses that can be avoided with the shielded Multicover für 3.
  • This multi-pair shielded line 3 connects a capacitively compensated conductor loop, which is laid in the reservoir, to a power generator, eg converter - not shown - on the surface.
  • a power generator eg converter - not shown - on the surface.
  • all the leads 1 are connected together and placed on an output terminal of the generator and all the return conductors 2 are connected together and connected to the other output terminal of the generator.
  • the power is extracted from the inverter via an output transformer for electrical insulation and voltage adjustment to the load.
  • a power generator eg converter - not shown - on the surface.
  • Output transformer can be used with center tap.
  • the center tap can be placed on the shielding tube 4 for grounding purposes, with capacitive grounding also being present at the operating frequency when the shielding tube 4 is enveloped by an electrically insulating coating, for example plastic, protective coating, etc.
  • a wave impedance of the line pairs 3 can be achieved by appropriate cross-sectional configuration, i. Pipe diameter and pipe spacing and distance to the shield tube 4, and a choice of the dielectric in a wide range, e.g. 1 - 500 ohms are set. This is done on
  • the grounded center tap on the output transformer ensures a symmetrical output voltage. This is important in order to connect the screen tube 4 and all associated resources, e.g. to keep a wellhead safely at ground potential.
  • the line impedance (Z) is suitably:
  • Z_line sqrt (Z_generator * Z_load).
  • Other transformations, which also include some reactive-power compensation of the conductor loop, can also be achieved.

Landscapes

  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
  • Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
  • Laying Of Electric Cables Or Lines Outside (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)

Abstract

Dispositif comprenant plusieurs paires de conducteurs (3) électriques pour l'alimentation symétrique d'un consommateur, en particulier d'une boucle conductrice compensée de manière capacitive pour la chauffe par induction de gisements de substances contenant des hydrocarbures tels que des sables asphaltiques, des bitumes, des huiles lourdes, du gaz naturel et du gaz de schiste, et un tube blindé (4) entourant lesdits conducteurs, les conducteurs aller (1) et les conducteurs de retour (2) des paires de conducteurs (3) étant disposés en alternance sur un même cercle et/ou répartis de manière régulière à l'intérieur du tube de blindage (4) entourant les paires de conducteurs (3). Ledit dispositif permet de réduire à un minimum les courants de Foucault apparaissant dans le tube blindé (4) et les pertes qui en résultent.
EP13786446.8A 2012-11-07 2013-10-24 Dispositif blindé à plusieurs paires en tant que ligne d'alimentation d'une boucle de chauffe par induction dans des gisements d'huiles lourdes Not-in-force EP2925956B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012220237.4A DE102012220237A1 (de) 2012-11-07 2012-11-07 Geschirmte Multipaaranordnung als Zuleitung zu einer induktiven Heizschleife in Schweröllagerstättenanwendungen
PCT/EP2013/072235 WO2014072180A2 (fr) 2012-11-07 2013-10-24 Dispositif blindé à plusieurs paires en tant que ligne d'alimentation d'une boucle de chauffe par induction dans des gisements d'huiles lourdes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2925956A2 true EP2925956A2 (fr) 2015-10-07
EP2925956B1 EP2925956B1 (fr) 2016-11-30

Family

ID=49546386

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13786446.8A Not-in-force EP2925956B1 (fr) 2012-11-07 2013-10-24 Dispositif blindé à plusieurs paires en tant que ligne d'alimentation d'une boucle de chauffe par induction dans des gisements d'huiles lourdes

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20150275636A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2925956B1 (fr)
BR (1) BR112015010009A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2890683C (fr)
DE (1) DE102012220237A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2651470C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014072180A2 (fr)

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US10669814B2 (en) 2017-08-08 2020-06-02 Saudi Arabian Oil Company In-situ heating fluids with electromagnetic radiation
CN108104783B (zh) * 2017-12-25 2020-08-04 濮阳市胜安德石油机械设备有限公司 一种连续油管稠油加热装置
US11187044B2 (en) 2019-12-10 2021-11-30 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Production cavern
US11460330B2 (en) 2020-07-06 2022-10-04 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Reducing noise in a vortex flow meter
US11619097B2 (en) 2021-05-24 2023-04-04 Saudi Arabian Oil Company System and method for laser downhole extended sensing
US11725504B2 (en) 2021-05-24 2023-08-15 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Contactless real-time 3D mapping of surface equipment

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2015121402A (ru) 2016-12-27
CA2890683C (fr) 2017-01-03
US20150275636A1 (en) 2015-10-01
RU2651470C2 (ru) 2018-04-20
WO2014072180A3 (fr) 2014-11-20
WO2014072180A2 (fr) 2014-05-15
DE102012220237A1 (de) 2014-05-08
BR112015010009A2 (pt) 2017-07-11
EP2925956B1 (fr) 2016-11-30
CA2890683A1 (fr) 2014-05-15

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