EP2920417A1 - Arrangement and method for introducing heat into a geological formation by means of electromagnetic induction - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an arrangement and a method for introducing heat into a geological formation, in particular into a deposit (12) present in a geological formation, in particular in order to recover a hydrocarbon-containing substance from the deposit (12), wherein at least one underground mine working (1, 2, 3, 4) has been mined in the geological formation, and the mine working (1, 2, 3, 4) comprises at least one shaft (1) and/or at least one gallery (2, 3, 4). An electrical conductor (7) is introduced at least partially in the geological formation. In this case, the conductor (7) extends in a first conductor piece (73) within the mine working (1, 2, 3, 4). The conductor (7) furthermore has at least one conductor section (75, 76) which is configured such that, during operation, an electromagnetic field acts by means of electromagnetic induction on the ground (13) adjacent to the conductor section (75, 76) so as to bring about an increase in temperature and thus a decrease in the viscosity of a substance present in the adjacent ground (13). Furthermore, a second conductor piece (75, 76) of the conductor is arranged in a bore (6) in the ground (13).

Description

description

Arrangement and method for introducing heat into a geological formation by means of electromagnetic induction

The invention relates to an arrangement and a method for introducing heat into a geological formation, in particular in a present in a geological formation deposit, in particular for the recovery of a hydrocarbon-containing substance - in particular petroleum - from the

 Deposit, with development of the deposit with shafts, tunnels, tracks or other mine structures. The invention relates in particular to the recovery of viscous, high-viscosity and bitumen-type petroleum oils.

It is known to reduce high-viscosity and bitumen-type petroleum oils - so-called oil sands - in the open pit. This often occurs in regions where such deposits are open-ended or covered by less than 75 meters of sediment.

Subterranean deposits, from a depth of about 75 meters, often use so-called "in situ" methods, which means that in this technique, the oil sands - the sand and the rock with the contained oil - are in place The oil or bitumen is separated from the grain of sand and made more flowable by various methods so that it can be pumped in. The "in situ" methods usually have the principle of increasing the temperature in the ground and thus the viscosity of the bound oil reduce the bitumen and make it flowable, in order to then pump it off. The

In particular, the effect of heat causes long-chain hydrocarbons of the high-viscosity bitumen to split. As methods based on these principles are in particular SAGD ("steam assisted gravity drainage"), CSS ("Cyclic steam stimulation"), THAI ("toe to heel air

injection "), VAPEX (" vapor extraction process ") known.

The most widely used and applied "in situ" process for the promotion of viscous oils and bitumen is the SAGD process, which is exemplified below. In this case, steam is pressed under pressure through a horizontal bore within the reservoir, the borehole is equipped for this purpose with a special slotted injection pipe. The heated, molten and detached from the sand or rock bitumen / heavy oil seeps to a second slotted pipe - the production pipe - that in about 5 m (distance from the injector and production pipe depending on reservoir geometry) deeper horizontal wellbore is introduced and through which the liquefied bitumen / heavy oil is extracted. The water vapor fulfills several tasks at the same time, namely the introduction of heating energy for liquefaction, the detachment of the sand, and the pressure build-up in the reservoir, on the one hand to make the reservoir permeable to bitumen transport (permeability) and on the other hand to facilitate the promotion of bitumen.

In the SAGD process, two technological phases are usually to be carried out in succession: a steam circulation phase over several months followed by a

Production phase (SAGD phase), in the latter case the

Steam injection is continued. While the abovementioned processes are intended in particular for permeable sands, there are also oil reservoirs in which highly viscous oils and bitumen are enclosed in low or partially permeable rock, or layers of permeable and non-permeable rock alternate, so that mining development is conceivable is. From the US patent US 4,458,945 an oil extraction using pit structures is known. In addition to the operation described there, in which oil is discharged via pipes, it is also mentioned that to improve the production of oil radio or microwaves could be used, which penetrate into an oil sand layer to increase the flowability of the oil.

A mining exploitation process can be found, for example, in the abstract of patent application RU2268356, in which steam from a mining tunnel (shaft) is introduced into a zone in order to subsequently convey oil.

If steam or hot water is used as the heat carrier for oil production through shaft mining, the following disadvantages may arise:

 - Possibility of vapor penetration into the mine structures, which leads to the loss of the heat carrier and jeopardizes the operational safety,

- High investment and operating costs that arise from the construction / purchase and operation of the steam production facilities.

 - High effort to separate the oil-water mixture and high cost of water treatment of the produced water. It is an object of the present invention to provide an arrangement for the pit removal, in which the above-mentioned disadvantages occur to a lesser extent. In addition, it is an object of the invention to enable an increase in the Entolungsgrades the deposit.

The object is achieved by the features of the independent claims. Advantageous developments and refinements of the invention are in the

Subclaims specified.

The invention relates to an arrangement for introducing heat into a geological formation, in particular in one in a _Λ

geological formation - i. in the underground - existing deposit, in particular for the production of a hydrocarbon-containing substance - in particular crude oil - from the

Deposit, wherein in the geological formation at least one underground mine construction is made by mining and the mine construction comprises at least one shaft and / or at least one route. The mining manufacture of the

Mine construction is particularly for a pit mining or

Underground construction provided. Furthermore, an electrical

Ladder at least partially introduced in the geological formation, wherein the conductor runs in a first conductor piece within the mine workings. In addition, the conductor has at least one conductor section which is designed in such a way that, during operation, an electromagnetic field acts on the ground adjacent to the conductor section by means of electromagnetic induction, so that a

Temperature increase and thus a reduction in the viscosity of a substance present in the adjacent soil is effected. This heated substance is, in particular, the said hydrocarbon-containing substance, in particular petroleum present in the subsurface. Furthermore, a second conductor piece of the conductor in a bore in

Soil arranged. The expression "introduction of heat" is to be understood in particular as the introduction of heat or the achievement of a temperature increase, so that a higher temperature within the deposit is established Furthermore, preferably by the fact that form in electrically conductive layers of the soil due to the electromagnetic field eddy currents by induction, which then produce Joule heat, which cause an increase in temperature and thus a reduction in the viscosity of the substance located in the ground. Pit structures, ie shafts, routes and tunnels to provide, is particularly advantageous if at least partially solid rock layers are present in the ground, which are at least so stable that just such submissions - introduced in the professional vocabulary as "driven up" - can be.

The term "tunnels" is understood to mean a mine construction that is largely horizontal or slightly rising, with the tunnel beginning at the surface of the day.

As a "route" is a mine construction to understand, which is largely horizontal or slightly rising, but not necessarily begins on the surface of the day but can also be completely underground.

Routes and tunnels are thus usually underground passages. They preferably have at least one

Cross-section that personnel, equipment or cleared soil can pass through the track or the tunnel. By contrast, a mere bore for a pipe should not be understood as a route or tunnel. Under "adjacent" soil is the directly surrounding soil

 Soil to understand the electrical conductor or soil with a distance from the electrical conductor, if in the distance nor the electromagnetic field of the conductor acts.

The term "soil" is to be understood as sandy, possibly solidified, cemented rock as well as rocky rock, including all substances contained in the soil, such as the hydrocarbon-containing, oily constituents to be transported. The invention is particularly advantageous than that because of existing or previously introduced mine structures - ie shafts, routes and / or tunnels - simplified

Drilling method can be used to the electrical conductor and drainage lines for conveying the fluid substance, consisting essentially of crude oil and water to bring. The electrical conductor is namely formed in the preferred embodiment as a closed uninterrupted loop, said return conductor can be connected to a frequency generator, which energizes the electrical conductor with a designated frequency. For example, a predominantly straight bore from / to the shaft or from / to the track can be created for the conductor. Furthermore, a bore for a production pipe for the routing of a liquid product from or to the shaft or track can be performed. The same applies to possibly also to be applied injection tubes for the introduction of a fluid in the ground, which can also be installed in holes from or to the shaft or from or to the track.

Due to the inclusion of shafts and routes for further drilling, largely straight, curvature-free holes for the installation of the conductor can be performed. The shafts and stretches can also be used for collecting and for transporting the product. Furthermore, in the shafts and / or routes of

Frequency generator or other electronic components for the operation of the electrical conductor to be installed.

In addition, the manholes and stretches allow that one

Section of the conductor can be positioned in a shaft and / or a route, in particular along the Erstre- ckung of the shaft and / or the route or even across the shaft and / or the track. In addition, the shafts and routes allow a simplified installation of the conductor in the form of a conductor loop, the two substantially parallel to each other has running conductor sections, with low

Curve radii of the conductor loop, because the curve of the conductor loop in the shaft and / or track can be done. A hole of curved radii in the ground can thus

can be avoided or the number of curved holes can be reduced. A desired loop for the electrical conductor is preferably formed so that the electrical conductor is guided by a bore from the frequency generator in a route, where it is guided within the route, possibly with a transition to another route, to the next hole, which again back to

Frequency generator leads.

In addition to the already explained arrangement relates to

Invention also an installation method, wherein in the underground at least one shaft and / or at least one route are created for a pit removal. Furthermore, a hole is made for a conductor in which an electrical conductor is at least partially immersed in the ground - i. into the geological formation - is introduced.

Moreover, the invention also relates to an operating method in which, for an abovementioned arrangement, the conductor is operated in such a way that, during operation, an electromagnetic field acts on the ground adjacent to the conductor section by means of electromagnetic induction, so that a temperature increase and thus a temperature increase Reduction of the viscosity of the substance present in the adjacent soil is effected.

In this case - as already explained - exploited that form by means of electromagnetic induction in the electrically conductive layers eddy currents, which produce Joule heat.

According to the invention, an electrical conductor is used, which in operation purposely surrounds an electromagnetic field. _n

so that a surrounding soil heats up by means of electromagnetic induction. However, this does not mean any parasitic effects that may occur in many electrical conductors during operation. The

According to the invention, electromagnetic induction takes place above a threshold below the unavoidable induction processes as by-products.

Under the electromagnetic induction in particular no resistance heating (or resistive heating) or

 Microwave heating to understand. However, in addition to the invention specific devices could be used for such heating.

According to the invention, a first conductor piece of the conductor is arranged in the at least one shaft and / or in the at least one path. This may be implemented so that the conductor in this first conductor piece does not have direct physical contact with the ground and not

is enclosed directly from the soil. The first conductor piece can come to rest freely in the shaft or track. As a result, in particular small radii of curvature of the conductor are possible. In addition, access to the ladder by installation or operating personnel is possible.

In an advantageous embodiment of the arrangement and the method, a at least one bore provided for the installation of the electrical conductor can have a curved section and a quasi-horizontal section. Furthermore, the hole in the mine can end.

According to the invention, a second conductor piece of the conductor is arranged in a hole in the ground. In particular, the second conductor piece may be in contact with the soil. The conductor can be sheathed and / or the bore can be cased, so that the transition of the conductor to the surrounding soil on this mantle and / or this tube and / or voids in the ground occurs. It is too

understand that this is not a thermal or electrical transition between conductor and earth, but only a surrounding field of the conductor.

The contact of the second conductor piece with the soil thus takes place either directly or indirectly, in particular by means of components which enclose the conductor cylindrical.

However, direct contact between the conductor piece and ground is not required for the operation according to the invention. It is sufficient that the conductor piece penetrates the ground or is introduced into the ground, without an electromagnetic field of the conductor piece is shielded. Under an arrangement in the ground or a passage through the soil, is not to be understood in the following, the mere placement or laying of the conductor in the mine. In the case of indirect contact of the conductor piece with the soil, the conductor may be retracted in a non-metallic tube. In this case, the conductor does not touch the soil immediately but the surrounding pipe. The tube in turn touches the soil, which also may be present in low surrounding cavities. There is thus an indirect contact between the conductor and the ground.

You could even continue the ladder so in the pipe

do not even touch the pipe, e.g. above

Spacer between conductor and inner surface of the pipe.

The contact or non-contact of the conductor to the ground per se has no direct influence on the electrical function of the invention, but allows a distinction whether a conductor section is laid in a hole - here, according to the present definition, a contact between conductor and soil - or in a mine. In order to ensure an undisturbed effect of the electromagnetic radiation from the electrical conductor into the ground, the conductor is in particular without it surrounding piping

laid. Alternatively, non-metallic tubing may be used. In addition, preferably, a

Sheath of the conductor made of non-metallic material. Preferably, two substantially parallel - that is quasi-parallel - stretching two substantially

parallel holes are made, and the conductor is pulled in the parallel sections and the parallel holes, so that the conductor forms a conductor loop. This can preferably be carried out in such a way that a conductor loop with a first conductor section can be laid substantially horizontally in a first bore and the first bore can terminate in a first route extending substantially at right angles thereto, and furthermore in that the conductor loop with a second Ladder section in a second hole can be laid largely horizontally and the second hole can end in the largely perpendicular thereto extending first distance, and beyond the

Conductor loop may include a third conductor section, which may be arranged in the first route and a

Can provide connection between the first conductor portion and the second conductor portion.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the first conductor section is guided over the first bore or via the at least one shaft to the earth's surface and that the second conductor section is guided via the second bore or via the at least one shaft to the earth's surface. Thus, a frequency generator installed on the surface for energizing the electrical conductor can be connected to the conductor. Furthermore, a conductor loop can be brought together and / or closed in a mine construction, in particular in a second route. This can be done in particular by having two conductor ends in the immediate vicinity

be brought to each other so as to connect to a frequency generator can. This can preferably be implemented so that the first conductor section ends at the first distance opposite the first hole in a substantially perpendicular to the first bore extending second distance and that the second conductor portion at the first distance opposite end over the second bore terminates in the second path extending substantially at right angles to the second bore, and at least a fourth conductor section of the conductor loop - preferably two fourth conductor sections - terminates in the second path

is arranged. The two fourth conductor sections preferably run in opposite directions towards each other.

Preferably, the frequency generator and / or other electronic components for operating the electrical

 Ladder on the surface - Obertage - be arranged. For this purpose, at least a fifth conductor section of the conductor loop in a outgoing from the second route

vertical bore or one of the second range

outgoing vertical shaft, wherein the at least one fifth conductor section preferably provides a connection to a frequency generator. As used herein, "vertical" means that such a bore or slot has a vertical vector component that is larger than a horizontal vector component of the bore or well.Ideally, the horizontal vector component is zero, providing a perfectly vertical orientation The fifth conductor section may thus be substantially vertical or inclined with respect to the surface. Furthermore, preferably holes and in this

installed pipes can be provided, via which the substance can be discharged or via the water in liquid form or as a vapor, possibly with the addition of other components such as electrolytes, can be fed. This may preferably be done so that between two arranged at a first depth substantially parallel conductor sections parallel to an injection tube for feeding a fluid to be injected into the reservoir and / or a production pipe - a collecting pipe - for discharging a withdrawn from the deposit Fluids is arranged. The said tubes can be slotted and formed permeable in another form, so that liquid and / or gas - possibly. including smaller solids - can enter or exit.

A supply of the fluid to be injected to the injection tube may preferably via the at least one pit - a shaft, a track and / or a tunnel - done. A discharge and / or collecting the removed fluid from

 Production pipe can be made via the at least one pit.

In a further embodiment, within the first bore, in addition to the conductor or after removal of the conductor, an injection tube and / or an alternative to the conductor

Production pipe can be arranged. Furthermore, within the second bore, in addition to the conductor or after removal of the conductor, as an alternative to the conductor, an injection tube for

Feeding a fluid to be injected into the reservoir and / or a production tube for discharging one of the

Deposit taken fluid can be arranged.

Furthermore, a frequency generator for operating the

Ladder be provided. The frequency generator can be arranged on the earth's surface or in the mine. Preferably, ends of the conductor, in particular at

Underground installation of the high frequency generator, in an explosion-proof and / or weatherproof terminal box

be connected, which can be completed and sealed against the frequency generator explosion-proof.

Regarding the provision or the start of the

Pit structures can be arranged quasiparallel two of the at least one shafts or stretches. Furthermore, the at least one route - or both of said two

Stretching - in the stroke direction of an oil-bearing

Layer can be arranged.

 One or more intended for the conductor holes between the mine structures can be in a slope of the

Fall line or in the floating direction of the oil-bearing

Layer can be arranged.

Furthermore, a first of the at least one stretch in the ridges of an oil bearing layer and a second of the at least one stretch in the brine of the

be arranged oil-carrying layer. Preferably, the pit construction may be provided in an oil bearing layer of the deposit and / or in by-products of the deposit. The provision in the secondary rocks may preferably be designed such that a first of the at least one route in the ridges of an oil-carrying

Layer and that a second of the at least one distance in the brines of the oil-carrying layer (5) are arranged.

Furthermore, in particular for improved delivery of the substance between two quasi-parallel bores provided for the conductor, additionally at least two further quasi-parallel bores can be arranged in the oil-carrying layer with an intervening gap. The design according to the invention further includes, in addition to the above explained as a structural arrangement ideas, the necessary installation steps - ie drilling holes, digging, drilling and insertion of shafts and stretches including required static stabilization measures, the insertion of the conductor into the holes or mining structures (routes or shafts).

Furthermore, the operating methods for the arrangements described above are to be understood as belonging to the invention or as a further development thereto. In particular, this applies to the operation of the installed underground conductor by acting on the conductor with AC voltage, preferably for obtaining the - in particular hydrocarbon-containing substance.

In a further development of the method for introducing heat into a geological formation, in particular into a deposit which is present in a geological formation, in particular for obtaining a hydrocarbon-containing substance, in particular bound petroleum, in an arrangement described above can be made in time after a flow through the current-carrying conductor Temperature increase of a heated zone of up to 120-140 ° C, the heated zone with an aqueous fluid medium containing water and preferably at least one glucan having a ß - 1, 3-glycosidically linked main chain and ß-1, 6 -glykosidisch bound thereto

Contains page groups, flooded. The glucan may preferably have a weight-average molecular weight of 1.5 × 10 -6 to 25 × 10 -6 g / mol.

The embodiments of the invention continue to relate, in particular, to the following aspects, concepts formulated as methods also including an arrangement for

Implementing this method reveal, or even

vice versa: A first embodiment relates to a method for oil production by pit mining, the deposit can be digested mining down the vertical or inclined shafts / tunnels and the tracks can be driven as mine construction, at least two holes can be drilled in the oil-bearing layers in the holes the electrical lines forming the induction loop, can be laid, the deposit inductively heated and the petroleum can be promoted with reduced viscosity, at least one mine in the oil-bearing layer or in the secondary rocks of the oil-leading

Can be drilled layer and - in particular from the surface - at least two holes can be drilled with quasi-horizontal, quasi-parallel sections to the junction of the mine from one side, the axes of the quasi-horizontal borehole sections quasisenkrecht oriented to the axis of the mine and the electrical

Lines can be laid in the two holes as well as in the mine workings with formation of a loop.

In particular, the holes may be drilled at least in two rows, the rows of holes may be positioned to the left and right of the pit construction axis, and the pit may be crossed by quasi-horizontal wellbore sections from both sides.

Furthermore, the inductor can be energized until an increase in temperature of the heated zone in the reservoir to up to 120 ° C or up to 140 ° C. After this temperature increase of the heated zone, the heated zone can be flooded with aqueous fluid medium. In particular, this fluid medium may comprise, in addition to water, at least one glucan (G) having a β-1,3 glycosidically linked backbone and side groups β-1,6-glucosidically linked thereto, the glucan having a weight average molecular weight Mw of 1.5 × 10 -6 25 * 10e6 g / mol. An inductively heated zone between two horizontal

Holes may further be flooded with an aqueous urea solution, preferably containing from 5 to 35% urea (wt.), Wherein the flooding with aqueous urea solution begins after heating the zone to 70 ° -300 ° C.

Preferably, the flooding of the inductively heated zone after reaching the temperature 70-140 ° C - determined in this heated zone - begin. While the heated zone is being flooded, further heating of the zone can be set. In this case, the induction loop can be removed from the holes and a horizontal hole can be used as an injector and the other horizontal hole as a production well. Furthermore, during the flooding of the heated zone, the heating of this zone can be continued continuously. Flooding and / or oil production can be carried out by additional drilling drilled from the surface or from the mine to the heated zone.

In addition, at least two additional horizontal bores can be drilled in the direction of the mine construction without crossing the mine, these two holes can be used to supply the heated zone with steam, in particular water vapor.

Preferably, the pit can be outside the zone of action of the steam chamber - to be called - also called Steam Chamber - ascended.

In one embodiment of the invention, the flood medium can be pressed into the deposit from the mine workings.

Advantageously, a first horizontal bore can be used as an injector and another horizontal bore as a production well. In a further embodiment, at least one pit can be drilled in the oil-bearing layer or in the secondary rocks of the oil-bearing layer and the boreholes with quasi-horizontal, quasi-parallel sections up to the

Crossing the pit construction can be drilled from one side, the axes of the quasi-horizontal wellbore sections can be oriented quasi-perpendicular to the axis of the mine and the electrical lines in the two holes and in the mine can be laid with the formation of a loop.

Preferably, the quasi-horizontal wellbore sections may be drilled predominantly in the aquifers which support below or within the oil bearing layer. The water-conducting layers can be heated inductively during operation, wherein the heating of the oil-carrying layer by transferring the heat from the water-bearing layers to the oil-bearing layer takes place. In another embodiment, the holes may be drilled at least in two rows, wherein the rows of holes can be positioned to the left and right of the pit construction axis and the mine can be crossed from both sides with quasi-horizontal wellbore sections.

Preferably, in an arrangement according to the invention a frequency generator may be provided, which the

Inductor loop with a frequency between 1kHz and 500kHz feeds. Preferably, the frequency generator may be designed explosion-proof in a special embodiment.

The frequency generator can be used especially in mine construction

be stationed. In addition, the ends of the induction loop can be connected in a specially arranged, separate explosion-proof terminal box, which is opposite to the frequency generator explosion-proof completed and sealed.

The frequency generator can be designed as a converter with power semiconductors. These can preferably be water-cooled and recooled via a special recooler via the mine water.

In a further refinement, if no recooling medium is provided, a heat pipe or a thermosiphon can be installed which permits explosion-proof cooling on its own and operates independently of an external cooling medium. Furthermore, the inverter can be designed in a special design, which is containerized weatherproof and in which the power components are mounted shockproof.

The invention further relates in one embodiment, a method for oil production by pit mining, wherein the

Deposit can be opened down mining, the vertical or inclined shafts / tunnels and the tracks can be drilled as mine work, the holes can be drilled in the oil bearing layers, in the holes, the electrical lines, the

Forming induction loop, can be laid, the

Deposit inductively heated and the petroleum can be promoted with reduced viscosity, wherein at least two quasi-parallel mine structures can be driven in the oil-bearing layer or in the adjacent rocks, between the mines at least two continuous quasi-parallel holes can be drilled in the holes

Induction loop can be laid, wherein the initial portion and the end portion of the induction loop can be arranged in a pit and a part of the

Induction loop in the other mine between two bore entrances can be moved freely. Furthermore, it can be provided that the mine construction, in which the start section and the end section of the induction loop are arranged, can be connected to a top through a quasi-vertical bore. In this hole, sections of the induction loop or electrical leads for connecting the induction loop can be routed to the frequency generator or the electrical energy source. The electrical conductor may be formed as an induction line so that he high-frequency current, loss as

Operated resonant circuit, can carry. Since both ends are preferably connected to the frequency generator, the induction line forms an induction loop. The technical realization of the electrical line is performed as a resonant circuit.

The frequency generator can be designed as a frequency converter, which converts a voltage having a frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz from the mains into a voltage with a frequency in the range of 1 kHz to 500 kHz. The frequency converter can be installed on a day-to-day basis. Alternatively, the frequency inverter can be placed in a pit. The two quasi-parallel mine structures can preferably be ascended at different depths. The start portion and the end portion of the induction loop may be located in the pit that is higher than the second pit.

In one embodiment of the invention, between two continuous quasi-parallel bores, in which sections of the induction loop are laid, at least one non-continuous production well can be drilled from a mine that connects the heated reservoir zone to one of two quasi-parallel well structures. Furthermore, at least one production well may preferably be drilled in the storage zone heated by the induction loop. In addition, at least one non-continuous injection well from a mine can be drilled between two continuous quasi-parallel bores in which the induction loop is arranged. In one embodiment, the through holes, in which the returning or the supplying electrical

Conduction of the induction loop are laid, are used as production wells. The hole can be used simultaneously or in succession for the induction loop and for the removal of production.

Thus, for example, the freed from the electrical line bore can be used as a production well. It may also be provided that the freed from the electrical line bore is used as injection hole.

Furthermore, after the heating of the reservoir zone between two continuous quasi-parallel bores, the return or the feeding electrical line of the induction loop can be removed from a bore and routed in an adjacent through bore. Preferably, the orientation of the holes is carried out according to the geological conditions. Preferably, the two quasi-parallel mine structures can be driven in the direction of strike of the oil-bearing layer and the through holes in the incidence or in the

Levitation direction of the oil-bearing layer to be drilled. Furthermore, a mine in the ridges of the oil bearing layer and the second mine in the

Solegesteinen the oil-bearing layer are driven up. The oil deposit can be developed by disc removal and opposite to the direction of fall (floating disturbance), whereby for each disc two quasiparallel pits can be driven. Between two continuous quasi-parallel bores additionally at least two continuous quasi-parallel bores can be drilled in the oil-bearing layer and a gap between the additional holes are formed. Through gaps can be between additional

Holes are formed with a Seilschrämgerät.

In a further embodiment, the mines can be ascended at least in two horizons, driven through between the mines through-cuts in each production horizon and the through-cuts with continuous

Holes drilled in the oil bearing layer are connected together. The invention further relates to a method for establishing the already explained arrangement for introducing heat into a geological formation, in particular in a deposit present in a geological formation, in particular for obtaining a hydrocarbon-containing substance from the deposit, wherein in the geological formation

at least one subterranean mines mining

is produced and the mine construction produced comprises at least one shaft and / or at least one route. An electrical conductor is at least partially introduced in the geological formation. The conductor is installed in a first conductor within the mine. Furthermore, the conductor has at least one conductor section which is formed such that, in operation, an electromagnetic field acts on the ground adjacent to the conductor portion by means of electromagnetic induction, so that a temperature increase and thus a reduction in the viscosity of a substance present in the adjacent soil is effected. In addition, a second conductor piece of the conductor is arranged in a hole in the ground, so that the second conductor piece is in contact with the soil. This is thus in particular a method for creating a mine, for drilling boreholes for the installation of a ladder and for installing the ladder. In particular, the method may be configured such that the at least one bore at least in one

Section is drilled in a curvature. Furthermore, a quasi-horizontal section can be drilled, whereby the drilling is completed in the pit, so that the hole ends in the pit.

Furthermore, in one embodiment, a conductor loop can be laid in holes and mine workings. In particular, the conductor loop can be laid largely horizontally with a first conductor section in a first bore.

 Furthermore, the conductor loop can be laid largely horizontally with a second conductor section in a second bore. The first bore and the second bore preferably end in a substantially perpendicular extending first distance. The conductor loop may thus have a third conductor section which is arranged in the first path and through which a connection

is provided between the first conductor portion and the second conductor portion.

The previous embodiments are essentially based on the heating for the promotion of present in the deposit Petroleum or other carbonaceous substances. However, the method according to the invention can also be used in other environments or fields of application, mining, tunneling and / or construction. For example, the heating of substances which can be excited or excited by means of induction can be used to assist, for example, the extraction of metals from ore deposits.

Underground leaching is a well-known and widely used technology in recovering many metals, e.g. Uranium, gold, copper, cobalt. Become this technology

injected various aqueous solutions (e.g., weak solution of sulfuric acid) into the deposit. The solutions filter through the porous or fissured rock / ores. The oxidizing solution mobilizes the metals, with the efficiency of mobilization and / or leaching highly dependent on the temperature of the reservoir and / or the solution. The use of the described device allows the temperature increase directly in the Erzlager- site, which reduces the leaching time and increases the yield.

In tunneling and construction (overground) one is often confronted with quicksand / floating sand and other geological objects that are watery and unstable. These geological objects complicate the erection of underground mining structures and have a negative effect on the stability of the outlying structures. The use of the device described allows by introducing heat into such geological objects see the modification of the rheological properties of the Treibsande / floating sands and other unstable geological structures.

The present invention and its developments are explained below in the context of an embodiment with reference to figures. This show in a schematic representation

Figure 1 - a schematic representation of a mining

 opened oil reservoir in a plan view, Figure 2 - a vertical cross section of the oil reservoir and

 Mine structures with a hole for an electrical conductor,

 FIG. 3 shows a representation of an oil deposit, mine structures and installed conductors, and the thermal effect of the operated conductor,

 FIG. 4 is an illustration of an oil deposit, mine workings, installed ladders and production pipes;

FIG. 5 is an illustration of an oil deposit, mine workings, and installed fluid injection ladder; FIG. 6 is a representation of an oil reservoir, mine workings, and installed ladder with alternative fluid flow;

Inj ection,

 Figure 7 is an illustration of an oil reservoir, mine workings, and installed ladder with further alternative fluid injection.

 Figure 8 - a vertical section of the oil reservoir with

 installed conductor and frequency generator

 Upper days

 FIG. 9 shows a representation with mine structures in secondary rocks during mining development of an oil reservoir with high oil layer thickness,

FIG. 10 shows a mechanical formation of a continuous gap between holes,

Figure 11 - a vertical section of the oil reservoir at

 two funding horizons,

 FIG. 12 shows a section along FIG

 Area C-C,

 Figure 13 - a deposit with a route,

FIG. 14 shows an alternative deposit with a route, FIG. 15 shows a vertical cross-section of the mine construction and the deposit with the mine in the oil-carrying layer, FIG. 16 shows a vertical cross section of the mine construction and the deposit, with the mining work in adjacent rocks,

 Figure 17 - a development scheme of a deposit (with four

 Drilling / mine construction),

 FIG. 18 shows a vertical section of a deposit transverse to the mine shaft,

Figure 19 - the same vertical section of a deposit at

 Development of the steam chamber,

FIG. 20 shows a vertical section of the deposit along the pit, along area D-D;

Figure 21 - the same vertical section after development of

 Steam chamber, along surface E-E,

Figure 22 - a development scheme of the deposit (with two

 Rows of horizontal holes).

Parts corresponding to the figures are each provided with the same reference numerals.

The figures show an oil reservoir - hereinafter also referred reservoir, production layer or merely as storage - with highly viscous petroleum or bitumen or

Heavy oil (for example, a dynamic viscosity, ie viscosity, from 200 to 1,000,000 cP, where cP stands for centipoise, and wherein said values in the SI system from 0.2 to 1000 Ns / m ² correspond), for example, in a Depth - mining also known as Teufe - lies below the surface of the earth from 50 to 1200 meters. This oil reservoir is said to be open to mining in the figures, ie it has been developed for mining by means of mine construction and comprises shafts and stretches. The shafts and routes are in particular for the access of

Persons and dimensioned for the introduction and removal of material. According to this document, a mine is to be understood as a mine construction in mining, with which the deposit is opened up from the surface - above ground. Manholes serve to transport people and material.

Furthermore, manholes for the mining of degradation products - e.g. the hydrocarbon containing

Substance, especially petroleum - as well as the ventilation or fresh air supply serve. For the purposes of the invention, a shaft is, in particular, significantly larger in size than a diameter of a current-carrying conductor over which an electromagnetic field is to be built up in the underground during operation. A shaft is perpendicular or inclined to the vertical inclined into the ground, i. into the geological formation. As a route according to this document is a mine in the

To understand mining, which is designed as a largely horizontal or slightly inclined, longitudinally extending cavity and adjacent to the deposit or passes through the storage site. Routes can be connected to other routes and are protected by shafts.

Figure 1 shows schematically a simplified structure of a simple pit construction as a section in plan view. Two shafts 1 are provided to connect to the surface. Furthermore, in the plane shown

Routes 2, 3, 4 provided. The routes 2 are preferably available for access in the deposit underground. The distances 3 and 4 are preferably substantially parallel

Tracts that enclose or penetrate a potential oil-bearing layer. The surrounding area can as

Deposit block 12 as a deposit according to the invention

and preferably comprises fractions of petroleum. To provide this pit construction, the vertical or inclined shafts 1 are sunk into the ground - i. driven underground into the underground. In addition, the routes 2, 3, 4 as further mine construction in the

Underground created. The mines - ie shafts 1 and 2, 3, 4 - are preferably located in secondary rocks of oil-bearing strata or directly in the oilfields

positioned or driven up oil-carrying layer. For this, conventional mining facilities and Machines are used. The mine structures can be used for the ventilation of the mine construction network - ie the supply of air -, the transport of materials and the oil to be demanded.

In an embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 1, two substantially parallel sections 3 and 4 are created in the underground. The routes 3, 4 can be horizontal or inclined. The stretches 3, 4 should preferably be erected or raised in the oil-bearing layer or in the adjacent rocks - next to the oil-bearing layer.

Between tracks 3 and 4 will be at least two

continuous quasi-parallel bores drilled 6 into which the electrical line can be laid.

The continuous quasi-parallel bores 6 become, according to FIG. 1, underground from a distance - e.g. Route 3 - and ending in another route - e.g. Track 4 - drilled. Conventional mobile mining drilling rigs can be used for this. The cost of building the holes 6 in this case are much lower than the possible drilling costs when drilling these holes directly from the surface, especially because only one straight

Bore is sufficient and drilling a curve is not needed.

In Figure 1, a section A-A is indicated transversely to the distances 3 and 4 and along the bore 6, which is now further considered in Figure 2.

As I said, the routes 3 and 4 are arranged in the underground. These sections may lie in a horizontal plane (not shown) or as indicated in FIG

be arranged at different depths. Between

Distances 3 and 4 are the holes 6 - in section of the figure 2, only one bore 6 can be seen - provided to install through it an inductor cable. The distance between the routes 3 and 4 can be, for example, from 20 to 1000 meters wide.

If an oil-bearing layer 5 is deposited as a flat incident, then the two quasi-parallel stretches 3 and 4 in the

Scrape direction of the oil-bearing layer 5 are arranged and the holes 6 as a connection between the

Distances 3 and 4 are drilled in the direction of incidence or slippage of the oil-bearing layer 5 (FIG. 2A). The two quasi-parallel stretches 3 and 4 can be directly in the

oil bearing layer 5 are built (see Fig. 2A), especially when the rocks of the oil-bearing layer are stable and a gas excretion from the rocks of the oil-bearing

Layer 5 is low, and the oil is highly viscous and not under gravitational forces and storage pressure in the

Routes 3 and 4 exit. One or both of the two

Quasiparallel sections 3 and 4 can also be built in secondary rocks 18 above, below or next to the oil-bearing layer 5 (compare FIGS. 2B and 2C), which are often more stable than the rocks of the oil-bearing layer 5.

With reference to FIG. 3A, an arrangement of sections 3 and 4 known from FIGS. 1 and 2 as well as bores 6 in a plan view of a largely horizontal section plane will be explained schematically how an inductor cable can be installed and which physical effects result during operation ,

In two - preferably adjacent - holes 6 and in sections of the lines 3 and 4, an electrical conductor 7 is laid, which is designed as a conductor loop. The electrical conductor 7 is designed as a so-called inductor and is operated in operation with alternating voltage, so that builds up around the conductor 7 an electromagnetic alternating field, which in turn in the naturally existing electrical conductivity of the reservoir stimulates eddy currents, so that Joule heat generated - ie in the

Deposit Block 12 - bound oil or other liquids are thus indirectly or directly heated.

The conductor 7 preferably consists of a series of inductively and capacitively acting elements which form a series resonant circuit formed as a loop whose ends are connected to the frequency generator which energizes the loop.

The electrical conductor 7 forms a conductor loop in which a substantially straight start portion 71 in the

Line 4 comes to rest, then continues over a bend 74 in a predominantly straight second line section 75. This second line section 75 is guided in one of the bores 6. The conductor 7 is then positioned over a further curvature 6 by a third largely straight line section 73 in route 3.

By means of a further curvature 74, a transition to a substantially straight fourth line section 76 takes place, which comes to rest within a further bore 6. About a further curvature 74 of the transition takes place in the

original stretch 4, wherein an end portion 72 of the

Ladder 7 is arranged. In this way, an almost completely closed conductor loop is formed. All that is missing is the frequency generator which is to be attached to the start section 72 and to the end section 71. This can be done within the course 4. Alternatively, as indicated in Fig. 3A, the conductor 7 by a in

essential vertical bore 8 by means of two others

Line sections which are connected to the start section 72 and to the end section 71 are led to the surface or to another mining level, where again the frequency generator can be arranged. It should be emphasized once again that in the present embodiment, the conductor 7 is laid in the holes 7 which are provided explicitly for the conductor 7, wherein the start section 71 and the end section 72 of the induction loop of the conductor 7 are arranged in section 4 and released there can be moved. Furthermore, the third line section 73 of the induction loop in the

Route 4 quasi-parallel section 3 between the two holes of the bores 6 freely laid.

The distance between the continuous quasi-parallel

Holes 6 may for example be in the interval of 10 to 200 meters. Typical distances between the back and forth

Return conductors - the second line section 75 is called

Considered Hinleiter and the fourth line section 76 as a return conductor - which form the induction loop of the conductor 7 are 5 to 60 m at an outer diameter of

Ladder 7 from 4 to 50 cm. As mentioned, the distance 4 in Fig. 3A, in which the

 Beginning portion 71 and the end portion 72 of the induction loop are arranged, connected by a quasi-vertical bore 8 with a top. In this bore 8 electrical leads 10 (shown in Fig. 8) for the

Connection of the induction loop to the electric power source or the frequency generator 11 (see Fig. 8) laid.

The vertical bore 8 can also be used as a shaft. 1

be educated. The electrical leads 10 for the

Connection of the induction loop can thus be laid in the shaft 1.

The electrical leads 10 may also be formed as an inductor. Alternatively, the electrical leads 10 may be formed as a cable with few losses that only in the plane shown in Fig. 3A to an inductor that generates a significant electromagnetic field.

The frequency generator 11 or the frequency converter can also be placed underground in a mine, e.g. in route 4. In this case, the frequency generator 11 preferably has an explosion-proof and / or weatherproof design. At a small deposit depth, a hole 8 can be provided for each storage block 12 or per conductor loop.

Alternatively, a bore 8 may be provided for many conductor loops and / or for many reservoir blocks 12. Under suitable energization of the conductor 7, an alternating electric field forms around the conductor 7, which in the

Of course, existing electrical conductivity of the soil surrounding the conductor stimulates eddy currents and thus by generating Joule heat the soil inductively

heated. This heating zone 13 as surrounding soil is also shown in Fig. 3A, wherein the heating is not adjusted only in the illustrated sectional plane, but in a three-dimensional volume. The two quasi-parallel stretches 3 and 4 can, as already explained with reference to FIG. 2, be arranged at the different depth, i. can be driven in different Teufe, wherein the initial portion 71 and the end portion 72 of the induction loop 7 in the higher of the two sections 3, 4 can be arranged. The different depth of the routes 3 and 4 (as shown in Fig. 2) favors the inflow of the

Deposit block 12 of warmed up oil through the wells and fissures in the deeper underground mines, where the oil is collected and will continue to a so-called sump - a collection point. Since with such an arrangement the connection of the induction loop to the electrical lines 10 takes place in the higher-lying and supposedly "dry" pit construction, the safety with regard to malfunctions in the electric power supply and consequently also the safety at work increases.

After the completion of the mining works for the

Shafts 1 and 2, 3, 4 and the drilling of at least two through holes 6 between the lines 3 and 4, and after installation of the conductor 7 as an induction loop in at least two holes 6 and the connection of the induction loop to the frequency generator 11 begins the energizing of the conductor 7, thus the inductive heating of the

Deposit block 12 with the resulting formation of the heating zone 13, which is characterized by an elevated temperature

distinguishes.

A conductor 7 may have a longitudinal inductivity of 1.0 to 2.7 μΗ / m (micro Henry per meter length). Of the

For example, cross-capacitance is 10 to 100 pF / m (pico farads per meter of length). The characteristic frequency of the array is due to the loop length and shape and the transverse capacitance across the inductor loop. The description of the electrotechnical parameters of

inductive heating system based on an induction loop is briefly explained below:

The conductor loop or induction loop acts as an induction heater during operation to introduce additional heat into the deposit. The active area of the conductor may describe a nearly closed loop (ie, an oval) in the substantial horizontal direction within the deposit. The active area can be - possibly

above ground - connecting end area. The above-ground parts of the beginning and end of the

Conductors can be electrically connected to a power source - a Frequency generator - be contacted. It is preferably provided that the line inductance of the conductor is compensated in sections by discrete or continuously executed series capacitances. It can be provided for the line with integrated compensation that the frequency of the frequency generator is tuned to the resonance frequency of the current loop. The capacitance in the conductor can be formed by cylindrical capacitors between a tubular outer electrode of a first cable section and a tubular inner electrode of a second cable section, between which a dielectric is located. Likewise, the adjacent capacitor is formed between the following cable sections. The dielectric of the capacitor is chosen so that it meets a high dielectric strength and high temperature resistance.

Furthermore, it is conceivable to provide a nesting of several coaxial electrodes. Also other usual

Capacitor types can be integrated into the line.

Furthermore, the entire electrode can already from a

Be surrounded by isolation. The insulation against the surrounding soil is advantageous to resistive currents through the

Soil between the adjacent cable sections

especially in the area of the capacitors to prevent. The insulation furthermore prevents a resistive current flow between the forward and return conductors.

Several tubular electrodes can be connected in parallel. Advantageously, the parallel connection of the capacitors can be used to increase the capacitance or to increase its dielectric strength.

Furthermore, a compensation of the longitudinal inductance can be carried out by means of predominantly concentrated transverse capacitances: Instead of introducing more or less short capacitors as concentrated elements into the line, the Capacity pad - which is a two-wire cable such. B. provide a coaxial line or multi-wire cables anyway over their entire length - are used to compensate for the Längsinduktivitäten. For this purpose, the inner and outer conductors are alternately interrupted at equal intervals, thus forcing the flow of current through the distributed transverse capacitances.

The structural design of the conductor loop can be made as a cable design or as a solid conductor design. The

Design is irrelevant to the electrical operation described above.

Further information on the design of conductors, which can also be used for the present invention, can be found in DE 10 2004 009 896 AI and WO 2009/027305 A2.

A frequency generator for driving the electrical conductor is preferably designed as a high-frequency generator. The frequency generator can be constructed in three phases and

advantageously a transformer coupling and

 Power semiconductors include as components. In particular, the circuit may include a voltage impressing inverter. In such a generator can for the

proper use, operation under resonance conditions may be required to achieve reactive power compensation. If necessary, the drive frequency is suitably adjusted during operation.

On the surface, the following components can be present to control the conductor: Starting from the 3-phase

Mains AC voltage source z. B. 50Hz or 60 Hz, for example, a three-phase rectifier is controlled, which is followed by a DC link with capacitor, a three-phase inverter, which generates periodic rectangular signals of suitable frequency. Inductors are controlled as output via a matching network of inductors and capacitors. A waiver of the matching network However, it is possible if the inductor is designed as an induction loop, which allows the adjustment of the required resonant frequency due to their inductance and the capacitive coating.

The described frequency generators can basically be used as voltage-impressing power converters or, accordingly, as current-impressing power converters. The temperature in the heating zone 13 depends on the

introduced electromagnetic power resulting from the geological and physical (eg electrical conductivity) parameters of the deposit, as well as the

technical parameters of the electrical arrangement, in particular consisting of conductor 7 and the high-frequency generator 11 results. This temperature can reach up to 300 ° C and is adjustable by changing the current through the

Inductor. The regulation takes place via the frequency generator 11. The electrical conductivity of the deposit can be determined by additionally injecting water or another fluid, e.g. As an electrolyte can be increased.

A typical temperature profile is shown in FIG. 3B. The ordinate indicates the temperature T, the abscissa is the local position in the deposit, the dashed lines representing the nearest points to an inductor section, the inductor sections of the back and forth sections

Return conductor at a distance D are arranged. The illustrated temperature profiles correspond to the arrangement of FIG. 3A. In the upper diagram, a control of the conductor 7 took place over a period of time, initially no removal of the heated fluids having taken place. The temperature development initially occurs due to the induction of eddy currents in the electrically conductive layers of the reservoir block 12. In the course of heating arise temperature gradients, ie places higher temperature than the original reservoir temperature (the original reservoir temperature corresponds to the zero value of the ordinate axis in the diagram). The places of higher temperature arise where eddy currents are induced. The starting point of the heat is therefore not the induction loop or the electrical conductor, but it is through the electromagnetic field in the

electrically conductive layer induced eddy currents.

Due to the temperature gradient that occurs over time, heat conduction also occurs depending on the thermal parameters such as thermal conductivity, which compensates for the temperature profile. With a greater distance from the conductor 7, the strength of the alternating field decreases, so that only a lower heating is possible there.

If, on the other hand, removal of the fluids or of the fluids made of electrically conductive liquids takes place immediately as soon as they have been made fluid, then the less heated by electrical eddy currents, the more the soil has been transported away with its electrical conductivity. Although the electromagnetic field is still there, eddy currents can only form where there will still be conductivity. However, draining a liquid can cause other liquid to flow. The lower diagram in FIG. 3B shows the temperature profile at a time when the production of the oil has already begun. The temperature in the reservoir has been compensated by heat conduction. The design of the electrical arrangement is therefore preferably chosen so that the penetration depth of the electromagnetic field typically corresponds to half the distance of the horizontally formed inductor conductor. This ensures that the electromagnetic field of a back and forth

Return conductor of the conductor 7 is not compensated and on the other hand, the number of holes in relation to the thickness of the reservoir can be kept optimally low. in the In case of the immediate removal of the fluid made electrically conductive liquids, the electromagnetic field reaches electrically conductive layers further away from the inductor cable and induces eddy currents there. The advantage is that it is a self-penetrating effect, which means that the absolutely introduced power into the reservoir can always be kept constant, eg. In the

Range from a few 100kW to a few megawatts, eg. B. 1 MW. At the beginning, the highest specific power density is near the inductor cable, but as soon as the fluids are removed, the lower radius has a lower specific power density, but in a larger volume, with the result that the absolute power introduced is even remains the same, z. Eg 1MW. This can not be achieved by other electrical methods: for example, in the case of a heating element (similar in construction to an immersion heater), the environment can be introduced into the environment

Performance always depends on the temperature gradient as well as on the temperature-variable thermal conductivity, because the heating element is the starting point of the temperature.

The arrangement for inductive heating of the deposit, which is shown in Figures 2 and 3, is only one possible variant. The number of induction loops 7 to be installed-which can be operated at the same time or one after the other-depends on the size of the deposit and the number of simultaneously operating induction loops depends, for example, on that

standing electrical power.

Between two continuous quasi-parallel bores 6, in which the induction loop of the conductor 7 is laid, at least one non-continuous production well 14 can be drilled from a mine. This is shown in Fig. 4.

Non-continuous here means that the production bore 14 is a kind of blind hole, which in contrast to the holes 6 starts from track 4 but does not end in track 3. The production well 14 can be connected to a delivery pipe

be fitted (not explicitly shown in Fig. 4). The delivery pipe is intended to receive the fluent fluid including the oil and transported away.

The number of production wells 14 depends on the dimensions of the reservoir block 12. In Fig. 4, an installation of a second conductor 77 is also indicated, which is laid in two further holes 6, wherein the distance between the next leading line sections of two adjacent conductors 7 and 77 preferably be at least twice the distance of the penetration depth of the alternating field should.

During operation of the conductor 7, the oil flows due to reduced viscosity in the production wells 14 and in each case installed delivery pipe.

The flow of oil can be assisted by injecting fluids (water, water with additives, steam). The flooding media can be simultaneously injected into the two through holes 6 defining the reservoir block 12. Injecting the fluids into the two through holes 6 may occur during the heating of the reservoir block 12 and / or after the completion of the

Energization of the conductor 7 take place. When injecting, an outlet of the through holes 6 is insulated with a packer 15 as a blocking element (see FIG. The injection of the fluids - indicated in Figure 5 by arrows - after heating is particularly effective, since the highly fluid made heavy oil can be displaced in this way easier. Also, in Fig. 5 by further arrows of

Removal of the oil indicated in the production pipe. _{3 g}

As a variant, each reservoir block 12 (at low reservoir depth) may be connected to the surface 9 through a vertical bore 16. This is shown in FIG. 8. The bore 16 meets the heating zone 13 in the oil-carrying layer 5 and may be used for fluid flooding or for oil production.

According to another embodiment - cf. Fig. 6 - the process, the heated petroleum with a fluid which is compressed in only one of the through holes 6 with packer 15, displaced and recovered by the second through holes 6. Thus, according to FIG. 6, only one packer 15 is provided, whereas in FIG. 5 both bores 6 are each closed by a packer 15. This results in a bore 6, which is designed as a combined installation 61 of inductor and fluid supply.

Furthermore, there is a bore 6, which in turn is designed as a combined installation 62 of inductor and conveyor pipe.

The one or more packers 15 may be installed on the higher-elevation side 4 as shown in the figures. Possibly. however, it may be advantageous to install the packer 15 or packers on the side of the lower-lying section 3.

According to another embodiment of the method is - see Fig. 7 - between two continuous quasi-parallel holes 6, in which the induction loop of the conductor 7 is laid or was moved to a previous period, at least one non-continuous injection hole 17 - provided for an injection pipe - as a blind hole drilled from any of the 3 or 4 routes. The compression of the flood media in the

Injection bore 17 preferably begins after reduction of the oil viscosity in reservoir block 12. Thus, the continuous holes 6 provided for the conductor 7 can additionally be used as production bores. In these Holes 6 and / or in additionally existing production holes - according to production pipe 44, as shown in Fig. 5 - the oil is displaced. After heating a block 12 and rapidly increasing the

Ölfliesvermögens one begins with the thermal treatment of a neighboring block. In order to simplify the assembly work, preferably the return or the feeding electrical line of the induction loop of the conductor 7 is removed from a bore 6 and in the adjacent continuous

Drilled hole 6 (dashed lines in Fig. 4 indicated). The liberated from the electrical line bore 6, however, can be used as a production well or injection well.

In Fig. 8, a lateral section of a deposit is shown schematically in analogy to FIG. 2, wherein in the routes 3 and 4 and in the bore 6 of the conductor 7 is introduced.

Furthermore, the conductor 7 is connected via the electrical leads 10 within the vertical bore 8 to the surface 9 of the frequency generator 11. Optional is the

vertical bore 16 is present, which allows a fluid from the surface to the oil-bearing layer 5 to be transported and injected there.

So far, it has been assumed on the whole that the oil-bearing layer 5 is present as a flat incident in the ground. In Fig. 9, a solution will now be explained, in which a

Mine construction consisting of the lines 3 and 4 is built so that the route 4 in the ridges of the oil-bearing layer 5 - ie in the roof mountains above the oil-bearing layer 5 - and the second distance 3 in the sole rocks of the oil-bearing layer 5 - ie below the oil-bearing Layer 5 - be built (see Fig. 9A). Lines 3 and 4 are preferably run above the oil-water contact at the same altitude and the oil deposit is by disc removal and opposite to the direction of fall _±

(floating disturbance) developed. For each slice, two quasiparallel tracts 6 can be run (in Fig. 9A, a first phase is shown in phantom and a later phase in solid lines). This approach can be used primarily in the development of oil reservoirs / bitumen deposits of greater thickness

oil-bearing layers 5 and steeply falling oil-bearing

Layers 5 are used. In Fig. 9B is a plan view corresponding to the section B- B in the vertical height of the distances 3 and 4 and the bore 6 is shown. It is made clear that an oil-bearing layer 5 as shown can also be curved or can take any shape.

Main advantage of the mining development of the reservoir with high-viscosity oil by mine construction, in particular

Stretching - also tunnels - and shafts, is the increase of the DEÖTION.

In order to increase this effect, at least two further through quasi-parallel bores 19 and 20 in the oil-bearing layer 5 can additionally be drilled in the deposit block 12 (cf., FIG. 10). In FIG. 10, FIG. 10A shows, analogously to FIG. 2, a vertical section parallel to one of the bores 6. FIG. 10B shows a matching vertical section. Fig. 10C shows an alternative embodiment to Fig. 10B, which does not correspond to Fig. 10A. The bores 19 and 20 are bored in a vertical plane (see FIGS. 10A and 10B) or in the plane of incidence of the oil-bearing layer 5 (see FIG. 10C). In the holes 19 and 20, a rope 21 of a Seilschrämgerätes 22 is laid and formed a column 23 in the oil-bearing layer 5 by sawing. The distance between holes 19 and 20 is 1-10 meters. Correspondingly wide is also the column 23, which can be formed continuously or not continuously between mine structures 3 and 4. ₂

According to Fig. 10A, the column 23 begins at distance 4 and ends, as far as the Seilschrämgerät 22 has penetrated so far. The gap 23 thus becomes longer during operation of the cable cutting device 22. The column 23 extends starting from route 4 in the direction of the route 3.

Upon heating of the reservoir block 12, the oil flows into the column 23 and further into the mines.

A Seilschrämgerät 22 is usually used mainly in coal mining and now according to this embodiment, for oil extraction. Bitumen and high-viscosity oil often accumulate in geological strata with strengths smaller than the strength of the coal, e.g. B. in little cemented sand. In addition, the oil of the deposit acts as a lubricant in the oscillations of the rope 21 in the holes 19 and 20. Thus, the frictional forces of the rope 21 are substantially reduced and the energy of the Seilschrämgeräts 22 is mainly for cutting / sawing the oil-leading

Layer 5 is used.

According to another embodiment of the method or arrangement shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the mines are at least divided into two production horizons - i. different depth - ascended in secondary rocks. In a first level, routes 3 and 4 are created as before. In addition, the further sections 31 and 41 are arranged in a similar manner in the ground in a second level. Between the pairs of tracks 3, 4 and 31, 41 are in each

Förderhorizont each cut through 24 predominantly and preferably in a horizontal plane, for example, at a distance 20-50 meters from each other. The burrs 24, which are built in different Förderhorizonten are also connected to through holes 6. The burrs 24 - which also represent a distance - traverse the oil-bearing layer 5. The burrs 24, which are built in a conveying horizon, are connected to each other by means of continuous transverse to the slits 25 bores. A conductor loop is then installed in a first bore 25 in the first delivery horizon, in a second bore 25 in the second delivery horizon and in two holes 6. This is shown in Fig. 12, the one

Section along the plane C-C represents, wherein the section C- C is again performed in the inclined plane of the holes 6.

The induction loop of the conductor 7 introduced into the holes 24 and 6 (see FIG. 12) is operated again during operation for heating the deposit, in particular the oil-carrying layer 5.

FIGS. 13-18 show different embodiments with respect to FIGS. 1-12. Furthermore, however, an attempt is made to use the same reference numerals.

In Fig. 13, only a distance 2 - i. a pit - provided, in which again a section of the conductor 7 comes to rest. The remaining sections of the conductor 7, however, are all carried out in specially provided for the conductor 7 holes 66, wherein in contrast to the previous embodiments, a bore 67 is provided by the surface 9, in addition to a substantially vertical

Section merges after a curvature 68 in a substantially horizontal extension of the bore 69. The bore 69 terminates in the distance 2. The conductor loop of the conductor 7 thus follows, starting from a frequency generator 11 of the surface 9 of the holes 67, the curvature 68, the bore 69 and a crosspiece 70 in the route 2, and again by another the holes 69, a further bend 68 and a further bore 67 to the surface 9. At the

Surface, the conductor loop is closed by the other end of the conductor loop is also connected to the frequency generator 11. The conductor loop is then operated via the frequency generator 11. Using track 2 for the conductor loop allows a conductor loop to be laid which has a small radius of curvature in the transition between bore 66 and track 2 which is significantly less than a curvature made possible by a drill head. One can speak of the fact that the conductor loop kinks at this point. Thus, the holes can be essentially limited to a respective curved point, whereby the drilling process can be easily performed. In FIG. 14, two conductor loops 100 and 101 are installed, each of which has a conductor section 70 in a section 2, as just described. These conductor portions 70 may be formed so as not to emit electromagnetic waves, so that the conductor loops 100 and 101 do not adversely affect each other.

Furthermore, a conductor loop 102 is shown in Fig. 14, which consist of 4 holes from the surface, each with 2 holes meet from opposite sides in the distance 2.

FIG. 15 now shows the illustration of FIG. 14 in a vertical section. By means of an inclined shaft 80, a connection is made from the surface 9 into the oil-conducting layer 5. There, a bend of the shaft takes place in a substantially horizontal extension. The now horizontally extending shaft now ends in the route 2, which is also located in the oil-bearing layer 5, wherein the route 2 can in turn be connected to a vertical shaft 1. FIG. 16 now shows a slightly modified illustration of FIG. 14 in a vertical section, with two sections 2

are provided, one above the oil-bearing layer 5 and below the opening layer 5. Preferably, both sections 2 are vertically above one another and connected to a shaft 1 with each other. The bore for the inclined shaft 80 is again made obliquely from the surface 9 into the oil-bearing layer 5. Now takes place after a curvature of a connection of the shaft to one of the routes 2 such that the shaft extends substantially straight and in a straight line with the routes 2 is connected. If now a conductor loop is installed in this hole, it runs as far as possible in the desired area of the oil-bearing layer 5 and only in the edge region in the vicinity of the line or in the supply of the

 Surface outside this zone. In Fig. 16, a first implementation is disclosed, in which the distance 2 is arranged above the oil-carrying layer 5, and a second

Implementation where the route 2 below the

oil-carrying layer 5 is arranged.

In the exemplary representation of FIG. 16, two separate conductor loops can thus be installed. It is also conceivable a connection of two conductor loop halves on the two routes 2 and the intervening shaft. 1

With respect to all mentioned embodiments is a

Up-day installation of the frequency generator, which feeds the inductor loop with a high-frequency current, possible. Alternatively, an underground installation is possible. Particular attention must be paid to explosion protection and / or cooling and / or weather protection during underground installation of the frequency generator. In an above-ground installation, converters are cooled via existing water connections via water / water recoolers or in the air via water / air recoolers. To be cooled Above all, the forward and switching losses of

Power semiconductors, so that they do not overheat.

Underground may become high ambient temperatures after proper heating of the storage site

 Humidity and possibly a lack of fluid recooling medium, e.g. Mine water, prevail. Therefore, it is necessary to use a specific embodiment which the

Losses explosion-proof and weatherproof dissipates. For example, a thermosiphon or a heat pipe is used, which acts as an absolutely closed cooling system

can work. The working medium of the closed cooling circuit, which can be based on evaporation for the removal of heat and re-condensation, requires a cold end in which the cooling medium is re-condensed. For this purpose, an electrically operated heat pump can be used. When

Working medium in the cooling circuit media come into question, which evaporate at atmospheric pressure between 60 ° C and 120 ° C, e.g.

Water .

Furthermore, an intended terminal box - a terminal box - for the connection of the forward and return conductors explosion proof and sealed executed by the inverter, so that no explosive pit gases can penetrate, due to non-excludable partial discharges

due to the existing electrical voltages of up to several kiloVolt (kV) would ignite.

The presented arrangements and methods are particularly advantageous for a bitum deposit z. With oil viscosity 100 OOOcP. It could be stored at a depth of 150-200 meters below the surface. The deposit may be formed by an oil-bearing layer with a thickness of 20 - 30 meters and an angle of incidence of 25 - 30 °. The oil can, under the given conditions in the layer at a temperature of 8 ° C, be immobile or slightly mobile for high viscosity. The oil-bearing layer can largely be constructed of sand with a low degree of cementation. The surface may be partially built up over the reservoir contour. In this case, for example, two vertical manholes can be drilled at the boundary of the reservoir contour. A hole from the surface is not needed.

The filling systems as well as the transport and weathering sections can be built in the secondary rocks of the oil-bearing layer.

If the stability of the oil-carrying layer is relatively high and the gas flow is relatively low, in addition to

Transport and Bewitterungsstrecken two routes parallel to each other with a distance of 200 meters are driven directly into the oil-bearing layer. Between these pit structures continuous parallel holes can be drilled at a distance of 20-30 meters. The holes are with

Piping in particular made of plastic and laid therein at least in two adjacent holes, the electrical lines that form the induction loop.

Underground, at least one impact - resistant frequency generator can be installed. After heating the

 Deposition section, the previously used induction loop can be removed and the petroleum promoted with reduced viscosity. In the following, with reference to FIG. 17 to 22 explains that the previously explained method can be further improved by additional steam injection into the ground. So this is a combination of drilling, mine construction and steam assisted mining technology.

An installation takes place in a heavy oil deposit, which results in a shallowly incident sand layer with irregular Thickness, which varies, for example, between 12 and 21 meters, in a depth of, for example, about 200 meters. The

Bitumen viscosity is approximately 50,000-100,000 cP and the deposit has very low permeability. As a result, a Dampfaufnähme in the deposit by a Dampfinj tion holes is low. This complicates the achievement of hydrodynamic communication between adjacent ones

Steam injection and production wells. The deposit has a determinable electrical resistivity, which is determined by ions dissolved in water and results from the individual composition. Below the

Bitumen layer stores a dilute sand layer with a thickness of about 5-10 meters. The electrical conductivity of the water-borne sand layer is significantly higher than the electrical conductivity of the oil-bearing layer. Of the

 Gas content in the oil-bearing layer is extremely low. The storage temperature is for example 5-8 ° C. At this temperature, the oil is not flowable. To optimize reservoir development, the combination of horizontal drilling technology and underground mining is required

Grubenbautechnologie proposed, as already explained and also in FIGS. 17-22. The deposit 5 is characterized by an inclined shaft 6 and a horizontal

Mine 2, which is driven directly in the production layer (the oil-bearing layer 5), unlocked. For the construction of the shaft 6 and the horizontal mine construction 2 conventional mining technology is used. The length of the horizontal mine 2 corresponds to the length of the deposit and can be 500-5000 meters long. From the surface 9 inclined holes 66 are drilled with horizontal

Sections that are primarily laid in the dilute sand layer below the deposit. The inclined holes 66 intersect the horizontal mine 2. The distance between the horizontal sections of the holes 66 may be 10-150 m and the length 200-2000 m. In two horizontal

Drill holes 66 and the mine 2 is an induction cable. 7 _{4 g}

laid with the formation of an induction loop. The induction loop is connected to the high-frequency generator 11 and radially around the feeding and returning portions of the induction loop 7, the inductive heating of the diluted layer begins. The temperature in this layer can be about 70 ° to 300 ° C after the full development of the process. The conductive and convective heat transfer ensures the relatively rapid increase in temperature in the upper production layer. After reducing the oil viscosity, the oil through the additional holes 95th

promoted and / or flooded. The additional bores 95 can be drilled from the mine 2 or surface.

Some additional holes 95 may be used for steam flutes.

After execution of the procedure, the horizontal

Drilled portions of the holes 66 directly in the production layer 5 until they cross the mine 2. This embodiment can be used with relatively large dilution of the production layer 5.

Furthermore, it is known to be able to take appropriate measures to the viscosity of the water and the oil phase

to match. For this purpose, one can reduce the oil viscosity and / or increase the viscosity of the aqueous flooding medium. Measures to reduce the oil viscosity are

for example, C02 flooding and steam flooding. In C02 flooding, the oil viscosity is reduced by the solvent-like action of CO 2 and steam flooding by the increase in temperature. The viscosity of the aqueous

 Flood media can be increased by the addition of suitable viscosity-increasing additives. These include, for example, the polymer flooding, in which one increases the viscosity of the aqueous phase by the addition of polymers or the

Foam flooding. When the temperature rises in the zone between two horizontal holes 66 z. B. to 70-300 ° C, this zone can through

Additional holes 95 (see Fig.22) are flooded with aqueous urea solution. Upon heating of the urea solution in the hot zone of the deposit 5, the hydrolysis of the urea begins with the formation of gases: carbon oxide and ammonia. The higher the temperature, the faster

the hydrolysis of the urea proceeds. Carbon oxide dissolves mainly in the oil and thus the oil viscosity is further reduced. Ammonia dissolves predominantly in the water and thereby forms in the deposit alkaline one

Water bank, which increases the de-oiling of the deposit by surfactant-like "washout effect." The aqueous solution has, for example, the following composition: urea of 5 to 35% (wt) and water, with water representing the remainder (ie 65% -95%) % (Weight)).

For the flooding and the horizontal holes 66 can be used after the injection of the injection loop from the holes 66. In this case, the flood of the

 Surface, after clogging the end portions of the bores 66. The length of the blockages may be 50-500 m, depending on the length of the horizontal borehole sections. The holes either have slotted tubes or are non-piped holes.

The inductively heated zone may also be flooded with a viscous aqueous flooding medium which, in addition to water, floats at least one glucan (G) with a β-, 3-glycosidically linked backbone and β-1, 6-glycosidically linked side groups, the glucan one weight average molecular weight Mw of 1.5 * 106 to 25 * 106 g / mol. This flooding medium belongs to biopolymers and reduces their viscosity only when the temperatures are above 120-140 ° C. The flooding medium may have the following composition: glucan (G) - from 0.1 to 5 g / l, water - remainder. By flooding the inductively heated zone between two

Boreholes 66 with thickened water increases the de-oiling of this zone. If the zone is overheated and has temperatures above 140 ° C, the zone may initially be flooded with water or aqueous urea solution. After cooling the zone up to 140 ° C, the polymer flooding can begin.

In addition to the above-mentioned flooding, steam can also be introduced into the underground in an earlier production phase. This is also referred to below as SAGD, "Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage." This combination of horizontal drilling technology with downhole mining technology and SAGD technology can be used for development and production

 Alternatively, the inductive heating of the deposit may be considered as supporting the SAGD procedure.

A SAGD hole is referred to below a hole that ektion for the Dampfinj or a removal of the

produced material is used. Not to be understood is a hole for a pit or a hole for the installation of an induction loop. In this case, the pit structure 2 is built into the production layer 5 (Figs. 18, 19). The deposit comes with two

additional horizontal holes 90 developed. One of these holes is used as Dampfinj ector and the other underlying hole as a production pipe. The distance between mine 2 and bottom hole of the SAGD

Holes 90 is 150-300 meters. This distance prevents the vapor breakthrough in the mine 2. After the beginning of the

Steam inj ection, the mine 2 can be driven away in the SAGD bore 90. In order not to disturb the SAGD process, the mine 2 is driven outside the zone of action of the steam chamber 91 (a so-called steam chamber). From surface up to crossing of mine construction 2 become two drilled horizontal holes 66 for receiving a conductor loop in the area in which the steam chamber 91 subsequently propagates (Fig.17). The distance (D) between the axes of the horizontal borehole sections 66 (Figure 20, in which a section in the plane DD indicated in Figure 18) is equal to or slightly greater than the width of the fully developed steam chamber 91 and may be 20-100 m

be. The induced in the bores 66 induction loop 7 causes the temperature increase in the steam chamber 91. The inductively heated zone 13 (Fig.21, in which a in

Fig. 19 indicated section in the plane E-E is shown) reduces the steam or water consumption and allows the realization of the SAGD method with reduced vapor pressure. During the full development of the deposit, the horizontal bores are drilled from both sides of the mine 2 (Fig.22).

In summary, important principles are emphasized again, the mining of a

Oil deposit according to preferred embodiments of the

Invention enable:

- At least two quasi-parallel mine structures - in particular stretches - in the oil-bearing layer or in the supporting stones can be provided, wherein at least two continuous quasi-parallel bores can be drilled between the mine structures, in the holes

Induction loop can be laid, wherein the initial portion and the end portion of the induction loop is placed in a pit and a portion of the induction loop is exposed in the other pit construction between two bore entrances;

- mine construction in which the initial section and the

End portion of the induction loop are arranged, is connected by a quasivertikale bore with Obertage and in this hole the electrical wires for connection 5 _r 3 _

the induction loop to frequency generator or the

Frequency converters are laid;

- the frequency converter is placed in a mine construction;

- The two quasi-parallel mine structures are driven at different depths and the beginning portion and the end portion of the induction loop in the mine, which is higher than the second mine construction, is placed;

between at least one non-throughflow wellbore from a well construction that connects the heated reservoir zone to one of two quasi-parallel well structures, between two continuous quasi-parallel bores in which the induction loop is disposed;

- in the heated by the induction loop

Deposit zone at least one production well of the

Surface is drilled;

- drilling between at least one non-continuous injection well from a mine between two continuous quasi-parallel bores in which the induction loop is arranged;

after heating the storage zone between two

continuous quasi-parallel bores the returning or the feeding electrical line of the induction loop is removed from a bore and laid in the adjacent through hole;

- The freed from the electrical line hole as

Production well is used; - The freed from the electrical line hole as

Injection well is used; - The two quasi-parallel mine structures are driven in the direction of extinction of the oil-bearing layer and the through holes in the incident or

Levitation direction of the oil-bearing layer is drilled;

- A first mine work in the ridges of the oil bearing layer and a second pit in the brines of the oil-bearing layer are driven up; - the oil deposit is developed by disc removal and opposite to the direction of fall (floating disturbance), wherein for each disc two quasi-parallel pit structures are driven up; - Be drilled between two continuous quasi-parallel holes additionally at least two continuous quasi-parallel bores in the oil-bearing layer, thereby forming a gap between the additional holes; - The continuous column is formed between additional holes with a Seilschrämgerät;

- The mines are set up at least in two production horizons, the excavations are made between mines in each mine, and the passages are connected to each other with through holes.

In summary, explanations describing a mining method for providing and subsequently operating a mining arrangement also apply to the mining arrangement provided in this way, and vice versa. Likewise, the embodiments described in the figures can also

be combined with each other as long as they do not contradict each other.

The invention is particularly advantageous if shafts and / or sections are already present and now liquefiable, but highly viscous oil stocks are to be extracted. The inclusion of the existing manholes and / or lines allows to install a conductor loop with a simple drilling technique and a simpler boring tool, since for the most part only straight boring or a single curvature per borehole is limited. The

Invention is particularly advantageous for conveying heavy oil. Furthermore, the invention is particularly advantageous for conveying oil bound in sand layers, wherein the sand layers of rock and rock can be at least partially limited. The sand layers may be solid due to cementation.

Claims

Arrangement for introducing heat into a geological formation, in particular into a deposit (12) present in a geological formation, in particular for obtaining a hydrocarbon-containing substance from the deposit (12), wherein

 - in the geological formation at least one underground mine construction (1,2,3,4) is made by mining and the mine work (1,2,3,4) at least one shaft (1) and / or at least one route (2,3, 4),

 - An electrical conductor (7) is at least partially introduced in the geological formation and the conductor (7) in a first conductor piece (73) within the pit structure (1,2,3,4),

characterized,

in that the conductor (7) has at least one conductor section (75, 76) which is designed in such a way that, in operation, an electromagnetic field acts on the ground (13) adjacent to the conductor section (75, 76) by means of electromagnetic induction, so that a temperature increase and thus a reduction in the viscosity of a substance present in the adjacent soil (13) is effected, and

a second conductor piece (75, 76) of the conductor is arranged in a bore (6) in the ground (13).

Arrangement according to claim 1,

characterized,

that for the installation of the electrical conductor (7) provided at least one bore has a curved portion (68) and a quasi-horizontal portion (67, 69) and the bore terminates in the pit.

Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized the second conductor piece (75, 76) of the conductor is in contact with the soil (13).

Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized

that a conductor loop with a first conductor section (75) in a first bore (6,66,69) is laid substantially horizontally and the first bore

 (6,66,69) ends in a substantially perpendicular thereto extending first distance (2,3), and

that the conductor loop with a second conductor section (76) in a second bore (6,66,69) is laid substantially horizontally and the second bore

 (6,66,69) ends in the largely perpendicular thereto extending first distance (2,3), and

the conductor loop comprises a third conductor portion (73) disposed in the first distance (3) and providing a connection between the first conductor portion (75) and the second conductor portion (76).

Arrangement according to claim 4,

characterized,

in that the first conductor section (75) is guided via the first bore (67) or via the at least one shaft (1) to the earth's surface (9), and

in that the second conductor section (76) is guided to the earth's surface (9) via the second bore or via the at least one shaft (1). Arrangement according to claim 4,

characterized,

in that the first conductor section (75) terminates at the end opposite the first section (3) via the first bore (6) in a second route (4) extending substantially at right angles to the first bore, and in that the second conductor section (76) at the end opposite the first section (3) via the second bore tion (6) m of the substantially perpendicular to the second bore (6) extending second path (4) ends and at least a fourth conductor portion (71, 72) of the conductor loop in the second path (4) is arranged.

Arrangement according to claim 6,

characterized,

in that at least a fifth conductor section (10) of the conductor loop is arranged in a vertical bore (8) emanating from the second route or a vertical shaft (1) emanating from the second route (4), wherein the at least one fifth conductor section (10) is preferably provides a connection to a frequency generator (11).

Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized

in that parallel to this, an injection pipe for feeding a fluid to be injected into the geological formation and / or into the deposit (12) and / or between two substantially parallel conductor sections (75, 76) arranged at a first depth

a production pipe (44) is arranged for discharging a fluid removed from the geological formation and / or from the deposit (12).

Arrangement according to claim 8,

characterized,

in that a supply of the fluid to be injected to the injection tube takes place via the at least one shaft (1) and / or the at least one path (2, 3, 4) and / or

that discharging and / or collecting the withdrawn fluid from the production pipe (44) via the at least one

Shaft (1) and / or the at least one route (2,3,4) takes place. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, if dependent on claim 4,

characterized,

in that, in addition to the conductor (7) or after removal of the conductor (7), an injection tube and / or a production tube is arranged within the first bore (6) as an alternative to the conductor (7) and / or

in that, within the second bore (6), in addition to the conductor (7) or after removal of the conductor (7), as an alternative to the conductor (7), an injection tube for feeding a fluid to be injected into the geological formation

and / or in the reservoir and / or a production pipe for discharging a fluid discharged from the geological formation and / or from the deposit (12).

Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized

a frequency generator (11) is provided for operating the conductor (7) and the frequency generator (11) is provided at the

Earth surface (9) or the underground mine construction

 (1,2,3,4) is arranged.

Arrangement according to claim 11,

characterized,

that ends of the conductor are connected in an explosion-proof and / or weather-resistant terminal box, which is sealed against the frequency generator explosion-proof and sealed.

Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized

in that the at least one path (3, 4) is arranged in the direction of extent of an oil-carrying layer (5) and / or a hole (6) provided for the conductor (7) between two of the at least one path (3, 4) at an inclination a fall line or in the Floating direction of the oil-carrying layer (5) is arranged.

Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

that the mine in an oil bearing layer (5) of the deposit (12) and / or

is provided in side rocks of the deposit (12), wherein the provision in the adjacent rocks is preferably such that a first of the at least one stretch in the ridges of an oil bearing layer (5) and that a second of the at least one stretch in the brine of the oil leading Layer (5) are arranged.

Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized

in that at least two further quasi-parallel bores (19, 20) are additionally arranged in the oil-carrying layer (5) with an intermediate gap (23) between two quasi-parallel bores (6) provided for the conductor (7).

Method for introducing heat into a geological formation, in particular into a deposit (12) present in a geological formation, in particular for recovering a hydrocarbon-containing substance from the deposit (12), the temperature in a heated zone being supplied by energizing the conductor (7) is increased in an arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 15.

Method for introducing heat into a geological formation, in particular into a deposit (12) present in a geological formation, in particular for recovering a hydrocarbon-containing substance from the deposit (12), wherein in an arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 15 after a current through the energized conductor (7) temperature increase of a heated zone of up to 120-140 ° C, the heated zone with an aqueous flooding medium containing water and preferably at least one glucan with a ß -1, 3 glycosidically linked main chain and β-1,6-glucosidically attached side groups, wherein the glucan preferably has a weight-average molecular weight of 1.5 * 10 ⁶ to 25 * 10 ⁶ g / mol, is flooded.

A method for establishing an arrangement for introducing heat into a geological formation, in particular into a deposit (12) present in a geological formation, in particular for recovering a hydrocarbon-containing substance from the deposit (12), wherein

 - in the geological formation at least one underground mine construction (1,2,3,4) is produced by mining and the excavation (1,2,3,4) produced at least one shaft (1) and / or at least one route (2.3 , 4),

 - An electrical conductor (7) is at least partially introduced in the geological formation and the conductor (7) in a first conductor piece (73) within the pit structure (1,2,3,4) is installed,

wherein the conductor (7) has at least one conductor section (75, 76) which is designed such that, in operation, an electromagnetic field acts on the ground (13) adjacent to the conductor section (75, 76) by means of electromagnetic induction, so that a temperature increase and thus a reduction in the viscosity of a substance present in the adjacent soil (13) is effected, and

 - A second conductor piece (75,76) of the conductor in a bore (6) in the soil (13) is arranged, so that the second conductor piece (75,76) with the soil (13) is in contact.