EP2918894B1 - Device and method for safety shut-off of liquefied gas installations - Google Patents
Device and method for safety shut-off of liquefied gas installations Download PDFInfo
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- EP2918894B1 EP2918894B1 EP15158500.7A EP15158500A EP2918894B1 EP 2918894 B1 EP2918894 B1 EP 2918894B1 EP 15158500 A EP15158500 A EP 15158500A EP 2918894 B1 EP2918894 B1 EP 2918894B1
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- valve
- pressure
- leak
- current
- supply
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D3/00—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations
- F17D3/18—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations for measuring the quantity of conveyed product
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/05—Size
- F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0323—Valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0323—Valves
- F17C2205/0326—Valves electrically actuated
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0323—Valves
- F17C2205/0335—Check-valves or non-return valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0352—Pipes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2225/0107—Single phase
- F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2225/031—Not under pressure, i.e. containing liquids or solids only
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2225/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/043—Pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/043—Pressure
- F17C2250/0434—Pressure difference
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/0443—Flow or movement of content
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
- F17C2250/0689—Methods for controlling or regulating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
- F17C2250/0689—Methods for controlling or regulating
- F17C2250/0694—Methods for controlling or regulating with calculations
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/07—Actions triggered by measured parameters
- F17C2250/072—Action when predefined value is reached
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
- F17C2260/035—Dealing with losses of fluid
- F17C2260/038—Detecting leaked fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
- F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device and a method for safety shut-off of LPG systems for preventing unwanted release of gas, especially on vehicles, for example on boats.
- Leaking pipe systems of liquefied gas installations or defective gas appliances represent a considerable hazard potential.
- Espe- cially aboard ships, escaping propane or butane gases collect at the lowest point of a hull. Thus even small amounts of leakage inside the hull can lead to ignitable gas concentrations.
- DVGW Code of Practice G 608, Section 5.4 describes a leak test method in which the piping systems are initially pressurized with air at a pressure of 150 mbar. After a waiting time of 5 minutes to set the thermal equilibrium, the pressure is read, for a further 5 min, the measured pressure may be max. fall by 5 mbar.
- the leak rate q L (in cm 3 / h), according to DIN EN 13611: 2011-12 Annex D, is calculated from the pressure drop using the following equation: q L 11 . 85 ⁇ 10 - 3 ⁇ total volume P measurement start - P measuring
- leakage test testing solutions which visualize gas bubbles as leaks form in the conduits.
- these sight glasses must be mounted at the feed point of the gas system due to their physical mode of action (flow switch). So you are usually out of sight of the user when operating the gas system.
- leakage testers can not be used in regular operation. The user must switch to "test mode" at the test device and then observe the possible blistering in the sight glass. These devices do not automatically monitor the tightness of the gas system and the connected modules.
- gas remote switches which allow the user to disconnect the gas supply from the consumers through an electrical valve on the gas cylinder.
- no monitoring function is included.
- the safety gain is based on keeping the system pressure-free when not in use. A leak-free test function is not available with these devices.
- hose rupture stops are also known in the art. These trigger when a sudden and complete tearing of the line, i. if the gas consumption of the system exceeds a specified maximum value. This is usually set at small installations to about 1.5 kg LPG per hour. In case of gradual damage or small leaks a hose rupture protection does not trigger; a gas outlet is thus not prevented. However, especially in poorly ventilated environments, for example in boats, gas accumulation may occur even in the case of small leaks, reaching a critical size.
- leak gas safety valves are known in the prior art. However, they require an installation with double-walled cables. Such an installation is complex and not given in commercial systems.
- leakage gas relief valves detect the pressure loss between the inner and outer jacket and automatically interrupt the gas supply.
- the publication DE19942185 discloses a method and a device, with the supply side leakage or Nutzvolumen- or mass flows in technical systems without knowledge of the connected system volume are determined and can be made available as a measured value.
- a known reference leakage current is generated by means of an additional reference leakage located in the measuring arrangement, which then leads to the actual leakage volume flow by offsetting it with the associated pressure drop times in the system.
- an actual volumetric flow whose value is approximately equal to the maximum volumetric flow rate after step (b) then indicates an unacceptable leak in the supply outflow. Furthermore, an actual volumetric flow whose value is less than 100% and greater than 0% of the maximum volumetric flow rate after step (b) indicates substantially no leakage in the supply drainage.
- a plant according to the invention for transporting fluids in particular a liquefied gas plant, has a tank.
- This usually consists of one or more gas cylinders containing propane gas, butane gas or another liquefied gas and which are under pressure, for example between 2 to 8 bar overpressure.
- This fluid, in particular the LPG is via a shut-off valve and a pressure reducer connected to a piping system.
- the pressure reducer reduces the high gas pressure from the tank to a first pressure P1 of 30 mbar, or to 50 mbar for old systems, which is applied to the piping system.
- the piping system leads to a consumer, eg to a stove or a heater.
- a shut-off valve In front of the consumer, a shut-off valve (AV) is arranged, with which the gas supply to the consumer can be switched on and off as needed.
- the duct system has a certain volume and, depending on the type of vehicle in which it is installed, may have a length of about 2 m to 10 m.
- the conduit system may have one or more leaks.
- a leak in the sense of this invention can be caused for example by a loose hose clamp or damage in the pipe system, such as a sharp object. But such a leak can also be a big leak, e.g. caused by tearing off a hose.
- Such leaks which lead to an actual volume flow of the pilot leak, the value of which corresponds approximately to the maximum volume flow after step (b), are regarded as a non-permissible leak.
- very small leaks especially when taken together in the entire piping system, have a volumetric flow that is less than 100% and greater than 0% of the maximum volumetric flow rate after step (b) are considered to be a permissible leak or not a leak.
- VSE valve and sensor unit
- the VSE thus has a supply line which is connected to the coming from the tank pressure reducer; this is under a first pressure P1. Further, the VSE has a utility drain leading to the piping - and finally to the consumer. The supply drain and the pipe system have a pressure P2.
- a first valve the release valve FV
- Parallel to this first valve is a limiter called pilot leakage.
- a meter preferably a differential pressure meter, which measures the differential pressure between the pressure P1 from the pressure reducer and the pressure P2 of the supply drain and the piping.
- the VSE has a venting outlet that leads to the environment.
- the environment has an ambient pressure P0.
- a second valve the bleed valve EV
- a limiter is arranged in series with the second valve.
- the differential pressure P diff of the fluid between the first pressure P1 in the supply line and the second pressure P2 in the supply discharge line is determined.
- the pressure P2 is also present in front of the second valve, which leads to the venting discharge.
- a step (b) the maximum volume flow of the pilot leak is calculated.
- the line system is vented.
- the second valve (EV) is closed, the gas flows into the piping system only via the pilot leak; the pressure P2 rises slowly until it reaches P1.
- the differential pressure P diff between the first pressure P 1 in the supply line and the second pressure P 2 in the supply discharge or in the venting discharge upstream of the second valve can be determined continuously and from this the actual volume flow can be calculated. If the first (FV) and the second valve (EV) are closed, and when an actual volumetric flow is measured, the value of which corresponds approximately to the value of the maximum volumetric flow c1 of the pilot leak, then it can be inferred according to the inventive method, that in the supply derivative or in the connected thereto piping system a no longer permissible leak is located.
- a very small actual volume flow is measured in a method according to the invention, in particular a volume flow whose value is less than 100% and greater than 0% of the maximum volume flow after step (b), then there is an indication of essentially no leak - ie a very small one or no leak - in the supply line or in the line system connected to it. Based on this information, measures for alarming as well as direct controlling interventions can be made.
- this method provides the advantage according to the invention that leaks in a pipeline system for transporting fluids, in particular gas in liquefied gas installations, can be continuously monitored. This can be done without special test sequences, without further measures on the line system - such as. a double-walled pipe - and without having to consider thermal boundary conditions. Furthermore, said method is so robust that it can also be used with high reliability in mobile environments, e.g. in land vehicles or boats.
- One embodiment of the method according to the invention for detecting leaks in a line system is that an actual volume flow whose value corresponds to between 100% and 10% of the maximum volume flow after step (b) indicates a leak in the supply line.
- a higher differential pressure P diff sets in. Assuming, for example, that c2> c1, ie that a leak has occurred in the supply lead, then a differential pressure P diff > (P1-P0) * 1/2 results. This difference to a differential pressure without a leak can be detected with high robustness. Since the volume flow c1 of the pilot leak and c2 of the limiter of the second valve are known, a threshold value can be selected within wide limits, from which point a leak is regarded as no longer permissible. As a rule, a differential pressure P diff > 0.5 ⁇ P diff max is assumed to be the highest threshold value.
- the choice of the lowest threshold depends on the one hand on specifics of the specific system and possibly on customer wishes, on the other hand it depends on the measuring range of the differential pressure measuring device. In the case of commercially available differential pressure measuring devices, a differential pressure P diff > 0.1 ⁇ P diff max can still be reliably detected. It follows that an actual volumetric flow whose value is between less than 100% and greater than 5%, preferably between less than 100% and greater than 10% of the maximum volumetric flow rate after step (b), indicates a leak in the magnitude of the pilot leak in the supply Deduction and thus can be set in this area as a threshold for a permissible leak. On this basis, measures for alerting, etc. can then be made.
- the present invention can be used for a variety of conduit systems through the wide range that results in choosing the allowable leak threshold to allow for continuous control of these conduit systems for leaks.
- a further broadening of the measuring range by selecting a more sensitive differential pressure measuring device is possible and within the meaning of this invention.
- a further embodiment of the method according to the invention with at least the venting outflow and the second valve (EV), between the supply outflow and the environment, determines - before determining the differential pressure according to step (a) - a total volume of the supply derivative, by Pressure in the supply drain is lowered by opening the second valve substantially to the pressure of the environment, and by the volume flow through the second valve and a delimiter during venting over the period until about the pressure of the environment is reached, integrated, in particular numerically summed, is.
- total volume ⁇ c 1 11 . 85 ⁇ 10 - 3 ⁇ P 1 - P 2 dt
- the first valve (FV), between the supply line and the supply outlet is closed, and a pilot leak, between the supply line and the line system, is opened.
- the maximum volume flow of the pilot leak after venting and the closing of the second valve from the pressure rise after, in particular immediately after, the closing of the second valve is determined.
- the maximum volume flow of the pilot leak is calculated from the flow resistance of the pilot leak, wherein the maximum volume flow preferably has a value between 2 cm 3 / h and 50 cm 3 / h.
- a control unit detects or determines the actual volume flow and closes the first valve (FV), in particular if the volume flow through the leak is greater than or equal to the volume flow through the pilot leak.
- FV first valve
- a control unit which operates according to a method according to the invention can thus detect a leak, in particular an impermissible leak. It is particularly advantageous that this monitoring of the line system is carried out continuously.
- An impermissible leak is considered to be such a leak in the supply outlet or in the line system, which has a volume flow that is greater than or equal to the volume flow through the pilot leak.
- the controller closes the first valve (FV) to inhibit further gas delivery into the piping system. It is within the meaning of the present invention, when the closing of the first valve is associated with a clear message, for example with an audible and / or visual and / or mechanical alarm. This message can also be relayed via a wired or wireless communication channel, for example to the on-board electronics or to a central monitoring.
- the determination of the differential pressure between the pressure P1 in the supply line and the pressure P2 in the supply discharge and the calculation of the actual volume flow is also carried out when the shut-off valve is open.
- shut-off valve (AV) is always open when the consumer is switched on. In this situation, the first valve FV is also open. But this results in a significantly different
- an overpressure preferably an overpressure of less than 0.15 bar, more preferably between 30 and 50 mbar, in each case based on the pressure P0 of the environment, is applied to the feed line of the fluid.
- the operating pressure (nominal value) for LPG in recreational vehicles is 30 mbar; for old systems, i. for liquefied gas installations that have been installed in accordance with DVGW Code of Practice G 608: 1985-02 and earlier, 50 mbar.
- the operating pressure is 150 mbar.
- Devices embodied according to one embodiment of the method according to the invention are therefore preferably designed for these two fields of use.
- the device according to the invention is preferably arranged between a pressure reducer, from a tank, and a supply outlet, which leads to a line system. Furthermore, the device has a venting derivation, for venting the piping system into the environment, with an ambient pressure P0.
- the device according to the invention is hereinafter referred to as valve and sensor unit (VSE). Between the supply line coming from the pressure reducer and the supply drain, a first valve, the release valve FV, is placed in the VSE.
- the pilot leak can be designed as a flow restrictor, in particular as a calibrated flow restrictor. Parallel to this first valve is a limiter called pilot leakage.
- a meter preferably a differential pressure meter, which measures the differential pressure between the pressure P1 from the pressure reducer and the pressure P2 of the supply drain and the piping.
- a second valve the bleed valve EV
- a limiter is arranged in series with the second valve.
- the VSE is housed in a bottle crate.
- the VSE is preferably completely encapsulated and sealed gas-tight.
- a control module is usually installed elsewhere.
- the control module includes control logic to drive the valves, signal conditioning of the signals from the meter to monitor the VSE, and power to the VSE.
- the control logic for boats is inside the hull.
- the differential pressure P diff of the fluid between the first pressure P1 in the supply line and the second pressure P2 in the supply discharge line is determined.
- the pressure P2 is also present in front of the second valve, which leads to the venting discharge.
- the differential pressure is minimal, P diff ⁇ 0, when the first valve (FV) is open and the second valve (EV) and the shut-off valve (AV) are closed. These extremes can also be used as reference points for measurements and to verify the functionality of the two valves (FV, EV) and the meter.
- step (b) the maximum volume flow of the pilot leak is calculated.
- a measurement is particularly suitable if the differential pressure P diff is maximum.
- This maximum volume flow of the pilot leak is referred to as the leakage rate of the first valve.
- steps (a) and (b) may be performed even if the pilot leak is a calibrated limiter. It can thus be checked whether the parameters of the system that are relevant for the measurement are still unchanged.
- steps (a) and (b) are performed only at initial startup or after the system has been changed. It is also possible to check these steps and to increase the measurement safety at any time intervals.
- the line can be partially vented for internal function control, in order to observe a subsequent pressure equalization can.
- the measured values that are determined can be related to the maximum volume flow of the pilot leak - from step (b) - and from this the actual volume flow can be calculated.
- the VSE can determine whether a leak has occurred in the supply discharge line or the line system arranged behind it: If the actual volume flow reaches a value that corresponds approximately to the maximum flow rate after step (b), then In the supply derivation a not more permissible leak arose. If the actual volume flow is very small, ie assumes a value less than 20%, preferably less than 10%, particularly preferably less than 5%, of the maximum volume flow after step (b), then this gives an indication of essentially no leakage. ie a very small or no leak - in the supply line or in the line system connected to it. Based on this information, the VSE can take both alarming and direct control actions.
- a threshold can be selected within wide limits, from which a leak is considered no longer permissible and measures for alarming, etc. are made.
- the upper threshold is de facto determined by legislation by the legislator, in accordance with the DVGW Code of Practice G 608 mentioned above, which contains a threshold value for the leakage test. According to Eq. 1, this threshold is for example for a 2 meter long gas line with 6 mm inner diameter about 4 cm 3 / h.
- a device not only has the advantages of continuous monitoring according to the invention, whereby neither additional constructional measures on the line system nor consideration of the thermal boundary conditions are required, but also has a robust measuring method, including effective test and control functions, and a very simple installability ,
- the first valve and / or the second valve can be opened or closed electromagnetically or pneumatically, in particular positively controlled closed.
- the device described can preferably be used as a safety device for liquefied gas installations. This results in high demands on reliability and security against manipulation.
- the first valve and / or the second valve can be opened or closed electromagnetically or pneumatically; This makes it possible to automatically interrupt the gas supply in case of failure.
- the control circuits in particular by electronic control circuits, that the monitored with this device LPG system can not be used by the user or an external person accidentally or intentionally despite a leak or malfunction.
- the controller is packaged, sealed or, e.g. in an epoxy resin, poured.
- the power supply of the control device has a current limit, preferably a current limit against short-time exceeding of a maximum current, particularly preferably an irreversible current limit. This measure can further reduce the likelihood of a malfunction, incorrect operation or faulty installation or installation.
- Said device is designed to be used in a stationary and / or mobile environment, preferably on a land vehicle, an aircraft or a watercraft.
- Fig.1 shows schematically a device according to the invention, in a typical environment, ie in a liquefied gas plant.
- the subsystems of the liquefied gas system are clearly recognizable: the fluid unit 10, the consumer unit 90 and, in between, the line system 80.
- the fluid unit 10 is preferably accommodated in a bottle crate.
- a tank or a gas cylinder 30 is arranged, which serves to supply the system with the liquefied gas; Of course, this can also be a battery of several gas cylinders.
- a shut-off valve 32 and a pressure reducer 35 is connected to the gas cylinder 30, a shut-off valve 32 and a pressure reducer 35 is connected.
- the pressure reducer 35 reduces the high pressure of the gas cylinder 30 to a pressure P1 of 30 mbar for recreational vehicles or to 50 mbar for old systems.
- the operating pressure applied to the pressure reducer35 is 150 mbar.
- the pressure reducer 35 Via a feed line 40, the pressure reducer 35 is connected to the valve and sensor unit (VSE) 50.
- the VSE indicates a vent derivate, to the environment, 75.
- the environment has an ambient pressure P0.
- the piping system 80 can be vented via the venting outlet.
- the line system 80 also represents the supply derivation 80 of the VSE 50.
- the volume 81 of the supply line or the line system 80 is depicted as a separate element.
- the conduit system 80 may be of considerable length, depending on the type of vehicle in which it is installed, typically from less than 5 meters to over 20 meters.
- the conduit system 80 may also include one or more leaks or leaks 85 that may be due to accident, misuse or wear.
- the consumer unit 90 consists of the actual consumer 95 and a shut-off valve 92, via which the consumer 95 can be switched on and off.
- the LPG system is put into operation by opening the shut-off valve 32.
- opening the shut-off valve 32 and the VSE 50 is turned on, which interrupts the supply of the conduit system 80 with gas in case of leaks or malfunctions.
- the use of the gas in the consumer 95 is made possible by opening the shut-off valve 92.
- Fig. 2 schematically shows the details of the VSE 50.
- the gas enters.
- a first valve the release valve (FV) 60, on.
- Parallel to the release valve 60 a calibrated limiter, the pilot leak 62, is arranged.
- Parallel to this is a measuring device 67 is arranged, which is designed as a differential pressure measuring device.
- a second valve, the vent valve (EV) 70, is used to vent the line system 80.
- a limiter 72 Parallel to the vent valve 70, a limiter 72 is arranged, which represents a possible leak in the vent valve 70.
- a further limiter, the flow restrictor of the vent line 74 is arranged.
- the release valve 60 is closed and the vent valve 70 is opened. After venting prevails in the pipe system 80, the pressure P0 of the environment. The venting usually takes place when the vehicle is parked longer; however, it may also be performed to verify the correct functioning of the VSE or meter 67. The gas is withdrawn via the supply outlet 80, to the line system.
- the operating modes of the VSE 50 are clarified: For venting the release valve 60 is closed and the vent valve 70 is opened. In normal operation, the release valve 60 is open and the vent valve 70 is closed. In lock mode, both valves 60, 70 are closed. The lockout mode occurs when the load 95 has been shut down or when an error has occurred. The lockout operation is also the preferred state during leak measurement.
- Fig. 4 shows an example of a valve and sensor unit (VSE) 50 according to the invention, partially schematically in plan view.
- VSE valve and sensor unit
- the connections for the supply line 40th and the supply lead 80 and the wiring within the VSE main body 51 can be recognized as dashed lines.
- the positions 60a and 70a are shown, on which the release valve 60 and the vent valve 70 are arranged, in an external view.
- the differential pressure measuring device 67 is shown schematically at the edge of the VSE main body 51, one of which leads to the feed line 40 (on the release valve 60) and the other end of which leads to a feedthrough 80.
- the differential pressure sensor in the differential pressure gauge 67 for example, the MPXV7007 type may be adopted by Freescale Semiconductor, which is implemented as a piezoresistive transducer.
- Fig. 5 is the section AB through the release valve 60 and the VSE main body 51 of Fig. 4 , shown, wherein the vent valve 70 is shown in a view from the outside. Again, the connections for the supply line 40 and the supply lead 80 and the wiring within the VSE main body 51 can be seen as dashed lines.
- the valve body 61 of the release valve 60 is shown in section. In this, a solenoid coil 64 is arranged. This acts on a valve piston 66, which is coupled to a return spring 65. When current flows through the solenoid 64, the valve piston 66 is drawn into the solenoid 64 and the valve 60 is opened in this way.
- the pilot leak 62 is designed as a flow restrictor made of sintered metal.
- a bypass hole is drilled in the sealing washer 63.
- the vent valve 70 is constructed similar or the same as the release valve 60. It is shown here in the closed state, ie the sealing disc 73 is closed. The sealing disc 73 closes the vent hole 75 with the integrated flow restrictor 74, which is preferably designed as a 0.3 mm bore.
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Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Sicherheitsabsperrung von Flüssiggasanlagen zurVerhinderung ungewollter Freisetzung von Gas, insbesondere auf Fahrzeugen, beispielsweise auf Booten. Undichte Leitungssysteme von Flüssiggasanlagen oder schadhafte Gasgeräte stellen ein erhebliches Gefährdungspotential dar. Speziell an Bord von Schiffen sammeln sich austretende Propan- oder Butangase am tiefsten Punkt eines Bootskörpers. So können auch schon kleine Leckmengen im Inneren des Bootskörpers zu zündfähigen Gaskonzentrationen führen.The present invention relates to a device and a method for safety shut-off of LPG systems for preventing unwanted release of gas, especially on vehicles, for example on boats. Leaking pipe systems of liquefied gas installations or defective gas appliances represent a considerable hazard potential. Espe- cially aboard ships, escaping propane or butane gases collect at the lowest point of a hull. Thus even small amounts of leakage inside the hull can lead to ignitable gas concentrations.
Sicherheitsabsperrungen von Flüssiggasanlagen sind im Stand derTechnik bekannt. So wird im DVGW-Arbeitsblatt G 608, Abschnitt 5.4, eine Methode zur Dichtheitsprüfung beschrieben, bei der die Leitungssysteme zunächst mit einem Druck von 150 mbar mit Luft beaufschlagt werden. Nach einer Wartezeit von 5 min zur Einstellung des thermischen Gleichgewichts wird der Druck abgelesen, während weiterer 5 min darf der gemessene Druck max. um 5 mbar abfallen. Dabei wird die Leckrate qL (in cm3/h), gemäß DIN EN 13611:2011-12 Anhang D, aus dem Druckabfall mittels folgender Gleichung berechnet:
Diese Leckagetest-Prüfung ist allerdings während des normalen Betriebs der Flüssiggasanlage nicht praktikabel, weil zum einen ein Druck erzeugt werden muss, der über dem Systemdruck liegt und daher zusätzlichem Aufwand erfordert, und zum andern während der Messung ein thermisches Gleichgewicht in den Leitungen herrschen muss.However, this leakage test test is not practical during normal operation of the liquefied gas system, because on the one hand, a pressure must be generated, which is above the system pressure and therefore requires additional effort, and on the other must prevail during the measurement, a thermal equilibrium in the lines.
Im Stand der Technik gibt es ferner Lösungen zur Leckagetest-Prüfung, die Gasblasen sichtbar machen, wenn sich in den Leitungen Lecks bilden. Diese Schaugläser müssen aber aufgrund ihrer physikalischen Wirkungsweise (Strömungswächter) am Einspeisepunkt der Gasanlage montiert werden. Sie befinden sich also beim Betrieb der Gasanlage üblicherweise außerhalb der Sichtweite des Nutzers. Diese sogenannten Leckagetestgeräte kann man nicht im regulären Betrieb einsetzen. Der Benutzer muss an der Prüfeinrichtung auf "Prüfmodus" umschalten und dann die eventuelle Blasenbildung im Schauglas beobachten. Selbsttätig überwachen diese Geräte die Dichtheit der Gasanlage und der angeschlossenen Baugruppen nicht.Further, in the prior art, there are leakage test testing solutions which visualize gas bubbles as leaks form in the conduits. However, these sight glasses must be mounted at the feed point of the gas system due to their physical mode of action (flow switch). So you are usually out of sight of the user when operating the gas system. These so-called leakage testers can not be used in regular operation. The user must switch to "test mode" at the test device and then observe the possible blistering in the sight glass. These devices do not automatically monitor the tightness of the gas system and the connected modules.
Weiterhin im Stand der Technik bekannt sind sogenannte Gasfernschalter, welche es dem Benutzer erlauben, die Gasversorgung durch ein elektrisches Ventil an der Gasflasche von den Verbrauchern zu trennen. Hier ist aber keine Überwachungsfunktion beinhaltet. Der Sicherheitsgewinn basiert darauf, die Anlage bei Nichtgebrauch druckfrei zu halten. Ein Prüffunktion auf Leckfreiheit ist bei diesen Geräten nicht gegeben.Also known in the art are so-called gas remote switches which allow the user to disconnect the gas supply from the consumers through an electrical valve on the gas cylinder. Here, however, no monitoring function is included. The safety gain is based on keeping the system pressure-free when not in use. A leak-free test function is not available with these devices.
Fernersind im Stand der Technik Schlauchbruchsicherungen bekannt. Diese lösen bei einem schlagartigen und vollständigen Abreißen der Leitung aus, d.h. wenn der Gasverbrauch der Anlage einen spezifizierten Maximalwert überschreitet. Dieserwird üblicherweise bei kleinen Installationen auf ca. 1,5 kg Flüssiggas pro Stunde festgelegt. Bei allmählichen Beschädigungen oder kleinen Undichtigkeiten löst eine Schlauchbruchsicherung nicht aus; ein Gasaustritt wird damit also nicht verhindert. Insbesondere in schlecht belüfteten Umgebungen, zum Beispiel in Booten, kann esjedoch auch bei kleinen Undichtigkeiten zu einer Gasansammlung kommen, die eine kritische Größe erreicht.Also known in the art are hose rupture stops. These trigger when a sudden and complete tearing of the line, i. if the gas consumption of the system exceeds a specified maximum value. This is usually set at small installations to about 1.5 kg LPG per hour. In case of gradual damage or small leaks a hose rupture protection does not trigger; a gas outlet is thus not prevented. However, especially in poorly ventilated environments, for example in boats, gas accumulation may occur even in the case of small leaks, reaching a critical size.
Außerdem sind im Stand der Technik Leckgas-Sicherungsventile bekannt. Sie setzen jedoch eine Installation mit doppelwandigen Leitungen voraus. Eine derartige Installation ist aufwändig und bei handelsüblichen Anlagen nicht gegeben. Bei einem Leck im äußeren Mantel der Leitung erkennen Leckgas-Sicherungsventile den Druckverlust zwischen innerem und äußerem Mantel und unterbrechen automatisch die Gaszufuhr. Ein Leck, das an nicht doppelwandig ausgeführten Anlagenteilen auftritt, zum Beispiel am Verbraucher oder an den Ventilen, wird nicht erkannt. Die Druckschrift
Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik ist es Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, die Nachteile des Stands der Technik wenigstens teilweise zu überwinden bzw. zu verbessern.Starting from this prior art, it is an object of the present invention, at least partially overcome or to improve the disadvantages of the prior art.
Die vorstehende Aufgabe wird durch ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren zur Detektion von Undichtigkeiten in einem Leitungssystem zum Transport von Fluiden gemäß Anspruch 1 und durch eine Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 10 gelöst. Besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsformen sind jeweils Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.The above object is achieved by a method according to the invention for detecting leaks in a conduit system for transporting fluids according to
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Detektion von Undichtigkeiten in einem Leitungssystem zum Transport von Fluiden, insbesondere Gas von Flüssiggasanlagen, weist eine Zuleitung, mindestens eine Entlüftungs-Ableitung und eine Versorgungs-Ableitung auf. Dabei ist in der Zuleitung ein erstes Ventil mit einem Pilotleck, in der Entlüftungs-Ableitung zur Umgebung ein zweites Ventil, mit einem in Reihe angeordnetem Begrenzer, und im Bereich des ersten Ventils ein Messgerät zur Bestimmung einer Druckdifferenz, angeordnet. Das Verfahren weist, unter Verwendung des gekennzeichneten Aufbaus, folgende Schritte auf:
- (a) Der Differenzdruck des Fluids wird mit dem Messgerät zwischen einem ersten Druck (P1) in der Zuleitung und einem zweiten Druck (P2) in derVersorgungs-Ableitung, bzw. in der Entlüftungs-Ableitung vor dem zweiten Ventil bestimmt.
- (b) Anschließend wird ein maximaler Volumenstroms des Pilotlecks, als Leckrate des ersten Ventils, berechnet.
- (c) Dann wird kontinuierlich der Differenzdruck zwischen dem ersten Druck (P1) in der Zuleitung und dem zweiten Druck (P2) in derVersorgungs-Ableitung bestimmt und daraus dertatsächliche Volumenstrom berechnet.
- (a) The differential pressure of the fluid is determined by the meter between a first pressure (P1) in the supply line and a second pressure (P2) in the supply line and in the bleed line before the second valve.
- (b) Subsequently, a maximum volume flow of the pilot leak, as the leakage rate of the first valve, calculated.
- (c) Then, the differential pressure between the first pressure (P1) in the supply line and the second pressure (P2) in the supply derivative is continuously determined, and from this, the actual volume flow is calculated.
Erfindungsgemäß weist dann ein tatsächlicherVolumenstrom, dessen Wert etwa dem maximalen Volumenstrom nach Schritt (b) entspricht, auf ein nicht mehr zulässiges Leck in der Versorgungs-Ableitung hin. Weiterhin weist ein tatsächlicher Volumenstrom, dessen Wert kleiner als 100% und größer als 0% des maximalen Volumenstroms nach Schritt (b) ist, auf im Wesentlichen kein Leck in derVersorgungs-Ableitung hin.According to the invention, an actual volumetric flow whose value is approximately equal to the maximum volumetric flow rate after step (b) then indicates an unacceptable leak in the supply outflow. Furthermore, an actual volumetric flow whose value is less than 100% and greater than 0% of the maximum volumetric flow rate after step (b) indicates substantially no leakage in the supply drainage.
Eine erfindungsgemäße Anlage zum Transport von Fluiden, insbesondere eine Flüssiggasanlage, weist einen Tank auf. Dieser besteht in der Regel aus einer oder mehreren Gasflaschen, die Propangas, Butangas oder ein anderes Flüssiggas enthalten und die unter Druck stehen, z.B. zwischen 2 bis 8 bar Überdruck. Dieses Fluid, insbesondere das Flüssiggas, ist über ein Absperr-ventil und einen Druckminderer an ein Leitungssystem angeschlossen. Der Druckminderer reduziert den hohen Gasdruck vom Tank auf einen ersten Druck P1 von 30 mbar, bzw. auf 50 mbar bei Altanlagen, der an das Leitungssystem angelegt wird. Das Leitungssystem führt zu einem Verbraucher, z.B. zu einem Kocher oder einer Heizung. Vor dem Verbraucher ist ein Absperr-Ventil (AV) angeordnet, mit dem die Gaszufuhrzum Verbraucher bei Bedarf zu- und abgeschaltet werden kann. Das Leitungssystem weist ein gewisses Volumen auf, und es kann - je nach Art des Fahrzeugs, in dem es installiert ist - eine Länge etwa von etwa 2 m bis 10 m aufweisen.A plant according to the invention for transporting fluids, in particular a liquefied gas plant, has a tank. This usually consists of one or more gas cylinders containing propane gas, butane gas or another liquefied gas and which are under pressure, for example between 2 to 8 bar overpressure. This fluid, in particular the LPG, is via a shut-off valve and a pressure reducer connected to a piping system. The pressure reducer reduces the high gas pressure from the tank to a first pressure P1 of 30 mbar, or to 50 mbar for old systems, which is applied to the piping system. The piping system leads to a consumer, eg to a stove or a heater. In front of the consumer, a shut-off valve (AV) is arranged, with which the gas supply to the consumer can be switched on and off as needed. The duct system has a certain volume and, depending on the type of vehicle in which it is installed, may have a length of about 2 m to 10 m.
Das Leitungssystem kann eine oder mehrere Undichtigkeiten aufweisen. Eine Undichtigkeit im Sinne dieser Erfindung kann dabei beispielsweise durch eine lockere Schlauchklemme oder durch eine Beschädigung im Leitungssystem, etwa durch einen spitzen Gegenstand, verursacht sein. Eine derartige Undichtigkeit kann aber auch ein großes Leck sein, das z.B. durch Abreißen eines Schlauches verursacht wurde. Derartige Undichtigkeiten, die zu einem tatsächlichen Volumenstrom des Pilotlecks führen, dessen Wert etwa dem maximalen Volumenstrom nach Schritt (b) entspricht, werden als nicht mehrzulässiges Leck angesehen. Sehr kleine Undichtigkeiten jedoch, insbesondere wenn sie zusammengenommen im gesamten Leitungssystem einen Volumenstrom aufweisen, der kleiner als 100% und größer als 0% des maximalen Volumenstroms nach Schritt (b) ist, werden als zulässiges Leck oder als kein Leck angesehen.The conduit system may have one or more leaks. A leak in the sense of this invention can be caused for example by a loose hose clamp or damage in the pipe system, such as a sharp object. But such a leak can also be a big leak, e.g. caused by tearing off a hose. Such leaks, which lead to an actual volume flow of the pilot leak, the value of which corresponds approximately to the maximum volume flow after step (b), are regarded as a non-permissible leak. However, very small leaks, especially when taken together in the entire piping system, have a volumetric flow that is less than 100% and greater than 0% of the maximum volumetric flow rate after step (b) are considered to be a permissible leak or not a leak.
Zwischen dem Druckminderer und dem Leitungssystem ist bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eine Ventil- und Sensor-Einheit (VSE) angeschlossen, mit der die Überwachung der Flüssiggasanlage auf Lecks durchgeführt wird. Die VSE weist also eine Zuleitung auf, die an den vom Tank her kommenden Druckminderer angeschlossen ist; diese steht unter einem ersten Druck P1. Fernerweist die VSE eine Versorgungs-Ableitung auf, die zum Leitungssystem - und schließlich zum Verbraucher - führt. Die Versorgungs-Ableitung und das Leitungssystem weisen einen Druck P2 auf. Zwischen derZuleitung und derVersorgungs-Ableitung ist in derVSE ein erstes Ventil, das Freigabeventil FV, angeordnet. Parallel zu diesem ersten Ventil ist ein Begrenzer, der Pilotleck genannt wird, angeordnet. Weiterhin parallel zum ersten Ventil ist ein Messgerät, bevorzugt ein Differenzdruck-Messgerät, angeordnet, das den Differenzdruck zwischen dem Druck P1 vom Druckminderer und dem Druck P2 derVersorgungs-Ableitung und des Leitungssystems misst.Between the pressure reducer and the line system, a valve and sensor unit (VSE) is connected in the inventive method, with which the monitoring of the liquefied gas system is carried out for leaks. The VSE thus has a supply line which is connected to the coming from the tank pressure reducer; this is under a first pressure P1. Further, the VSE has a utility drain leading to the piping - and finally to the consumer. The supply drain and the pipe system have a pressure P2. Between the supply line and the supply line, a first valve, the release valve FV, is arranged in the VSE. Parallel to this first valve is a limiter called pilot leakage. Further, parallel to the first valve, there is a meter, preferably a differential pressure meter, which measures the differential pressure between the pressure P1 from the pressure reducer and the pressure P2 of the supply drain and the piping.
Weiterhin weist die VSE eine Entlüftungs-Ableitung auf, die zur Umgebung führt. Die Umgebung weist einen Umgebungsdruck P0 auf. Zwischen der Entlüftungs-Ableitung und der Versorgungs-Ableitung ist in derVSE ein zweites Ventil, das Entlüftungsventil EV, angeordnet. In Reihe zum zweiten Ventil ist ein Begrenzer angeordnet.Furthermore, the VSE has a venting outlet that leads to the environment. The environment has an ambient pressure P0. Between the bleed-off and the supply bleed, a second valve, the bleed valve EV, is placed in the VSE. In series with the second valve, a limiter is arranged.
In einem Schritt (a) des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird der Differenzdruck Pdiff des Fluids zwischen dem ersten Druck P1 in der Zuleitung und dem zweiten Druck P2 in der Versorgungs-Ableitung bestimmt. In einer erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung liegt der Druck P2 auch vordem zweiten Ventil an, das zur Entlüftungs-Ableitung führt. Der Differenzdruck Pdiff kann zwei Extrema annehmen: Wenn das erste Ventil (FV) geöffnet ist und das zweite Ventil (EV) und das Absperr-Ventil (AV) geschlossen sind, dann ist (im stationären Zustand, d.h. nach Abklingen der Effekte des Gas-Einleitens) P2 = P1, und der Differenzdruck ist Pdiff ≈ 0. Das andere Extrem ist, wenn das erste Ventil (FV) geschlossen und das zweite Ventil (EV) geöffnet ist; dies geschieht beim sog. Entlüften des Leitungssystems. Hierbei ist P2 = P0, und der Differenzdruck ist somit Pdiff = P1 - P0. Dies ist der maximale Differenzdruck Pdiff max am Differenzdruck-Messgerät. Diese Messungen können auch zur Überprüfung der Funktionsfähigkeit der beiden Ventile (FV, EV) und des Messgeräts verwendet werden. Zu einer Funktionskontrolle des Gesamtsystems - und insbesondere der Messeinrichtungen - kann das Leitungssystem auch während des Normalbetriebs teilweise entlüftet werden; dann muss eine Änderung des Differenzdrucks Pdiff festzustellen sein.In a step (a) of the method according to the invention, the differential pressure P diff of the fluid between the first pressure P1 in the supply line and the second pressure P2 in the supply discharge line is determined. In an arrangement according to the invention, the pressure P2 is also present in front of the second valve, which leads to the venting discharge. The differential pressure P diff can assume two extremes: when the first valve (FV) is open and the second valve (EV) and the shut-off valve (AV) are closed, then (in the steady state, ie after the effects of the gas have subsided -Input) P2 = P1, and the differential pressure is P diff ≈ 0. The other extreme is when the first valve (FV) is closed and the second valve (EV) is open; This happens during the so-called venting of the pipe system. Here, P2 = P0, and the differential pressure is thus P diff = P1 - P0. This is the maximum differential pressure P diff max at the differential pressure gauge. These measurements can also be used to verify the functionality of the two valves (FV, EV) and the meter. For a functional check of the overall system - and in particular the measuring devices - the piping system can also be partially vented during normal operation; then a change of the differential pressure P diff must be determined.
In einem Schritt (b) wird der maximale Volumenstrom des Pilotlecks berechnet. Dafürwird zunächst das Leitungssystem entlüftet. Wenn anschließend das zweite Ventil (EV) geschlossen wird, dann fließt das Gas nur über das Pilotleck in das Leitungssystem; der Druck P2 steigt also langsam an, bis er P1 erreicht hat. Damit kann der maximale Volumenstroms c1 des Pilotlecks, zu Beginn des Druckanstiegs nach der Entlüftung, wenn P2 = P0 ist, wie folgt berechnet werden:
Während des normalen Betriebs der Flüssiggasanlage kann in einem Schritt (c) kontinuierlich der Differenzdruck Pdiff zwischen dem ersten Druck P1 in der Zuleitung und dem zweiten Druck P2 in derVersorgungs-Ableitung, bzw. in der Entlüftungs-Ableitung vor dem zweiten Ventil, bestimmt und daraus dertatsächliche Volumenstrom berechnet werden. Wenn das erste (FV) und das zweite Ventil (EV) geschlossen sind, und wenn ein tatsächlicherVolumenstrom gemessen wird, dessen Wert etwa dem Wert des maximalen Volumenstroms c1 des Pilotlecks entspricht, dann kann gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren gefolgert werden, dass sich in derVersorgungs-Ableitung bzw. in dem daran angeschlossenen Leitungssystem ein nicht mehr zulässiges Leck befindet. Wird in einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ein sehr kleinertatsächlicherVolumenstrom gemessen, insbesondere ein Volumenstrom, dessen Wert kleiner als 100% und größer als 0% des maximalen Volumenstroms nach Schritt (b) ist, dann gibt das einen Hinweis auf im Wesentlichen kein Leck - d.h. ein sehr kleines oder gar kein Leck - in derVersorgungs-Ableitung bzw. in dem daran angeschlossenen Leitungssystem. Auf Basis dieser Informationen können sowohl Maßnahmen für eine Alarmierung als auch direkte steuernde Eingriffe vorgenommen werden.During normal operation of the LPG system, in a step (c), the differential pressure P diff between the
Daher ergibt sich mit diesem Verfahren der erfindungsgemäße Vorteil, dass damit Undichtigkeiten in einem Leitungssystem zum Transport von Fluiden, insbesondere von Gas in Flüssiggasanlagen, kontinuierlich überwacht werden können. Dies kann geschehen ohne besondere Prüfsequenzen, ohne weitere Maßnahmen am Leitungssystem - wie z.B. einer doppelwandigen Leitung - und ohne dass thermische Randbedingungen beachtet werden müssten. Ferner ist das genannte Verfahren so robust, dass es mit hoher Zuverlässigkeit auch in mobilen Umgebungen, z.B. in Landfahrzeugen oder in Booten, betrieben werden kann.Therefore, this method provides the advantage according to the invention that leaks in a pipeline system for transporting fluids, in particular gas in liquefied gas installations, can be continuously monitored. This can be done without special test sequences, without further measures on the line system - such as. a double-walled pipe - and without having to consider thermal boundary conditions. Furthermore, said method is so robust that it can also be used with high reliability in mobile environments, e.g. in land vehicles or boats.
Eine Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Detektion von Undichtigkeiten in einem Leitungssystem besteht darin, dass ein tatsächlicher Volumenstrom, dessen Wert zwischen 100% und 10% des maximalen Volumenstroms nach Schritt (b) entspricht, auf ein Leck in derVersorgungs-Ableitung hinweist.One embodiment of the method according to the invention for detecting leaks in a line system is that an actual volume flow whose value corresponds to between 100% and 10% of the maximum volume flow after step (b) indicates a leak in the supply line.
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ist also nicht nur ein großes Leck oder gar kein Leck unterscheidbar, sondern es lässt sich, in messtechnisch bestimmten Grenzen,jede Leckrate als Schwellwert für ein zulässiges Leck angeben. Wenn das erste (FV) und das zweite Ventil (EV) und das Absperr-Ventil (AV) geschlossen sind und in derVersorgungs-Ableitung bzw. im Leitungssystem kein Leck ist, dann hängt in einem stationären Zustand der Wert des Differenzdrucks Pdiff nur vom Verhältnis des maximalen Volumenstrom c1 des Pilotlecks zum maximalen Volumenstrom c2 des Begrenzers ab, der parallel zum zweiten Ventil angeordnet ist. Dabei wird angenommen, dass der Begrenzer, der in Reihe zum zweiten Ventil angeordnet ist, einen wesentlich höheren maximalen Volumenstrom aufweist als c2. Damit ergibt sich der Differenzdruck Pdiff, im stationären Zustand und ohne ein Leck in der Versorgungs-Ableitung, zu
Tritt ein Leck in derVersorgungs-Ableitung auf, dann stellt sich ein höherer Differenzdruck Pdiff ein. Wird beispielsweise angenommen, dass c2 > c1 ist, d.h. dass in derVersorgungs-Ableitung ein Leck aufgetreten ist, dann ergibt sich ein Differenzdruck Pdiff > (P1 - P0) · 1/2. Dieser Unterschied zu einem Differenzdruck ohne Leck ist mit hoher Robustheit detektierbar. Da der Volumenstrom c1 des Pilotlecks und c2 des Begrenzers des zweiten Ventil bekannt sind, kann in weiten Grenzen ein Schwellwert gewählt werden, ab dem ein Leck als nicht mehrzulässig angesehen wird. Dabei wird in der Regel ein Differenzdruck Pdiff > 0,5 · Pdiff max als höchster Schwellwert angenommen. Die Wahl des niedrigsten Schwellwerts hängt einerseits von Spezifika des konkreten Systems und ggf. von Kundenwünschen ab, andrerseits hängt sie vom Messbereich des Differenzdruck-Messgeräts ab. Dabei ist bei derzeit handelsüblichen Differenzdruck-Messgeräten ein Differenzdruck Pdiff > 0,1 · Pdiff max noch sicher detektierbar. Daraus ergibt sich, dass ein tatsächlicher Volumenstrom, dessen Wert zwischen kleiner 100% und größer 5%, bevorzugt zwischen kleiner 100% und größer 10%, des maximalen Volumenstroms nach Schritt (b) entspricht, auf ein Leck in der Größe des Pilotlecks in derVersorgungs-Ableitung hinweist und damit in diesem Bereich als Schwellwert für ein zulässiges Leck eingestellt werden kann. Auf dieser Basis können dann Maßnahmen für eine Alarmierung etc. vorgenommen werden. Hierbei wird deutlich, dass die vorliegende Erfindung durch den breiten Bereich, der sich für die Wahl des Schwellwerts für ein zulässiges Leck ergibt, für eine Vielzahl von Leitungssystemen eingesetzt werden kann, um eine kontinuierliche Kontrolle dieser Leitungssysteme auf Lecks zu ermöglichen. Auch eine weitere Verbreiterung des Messbereichs durch Wahl eines empfindlicheren Differenzdruck-Messgeräts ist möglich und im Sinne dieser Erfindung.When a leak occurs in the supply drain, a higher differential pressure P diff sets in. Assuming, for example, that c2> c1, ie that a leak has occurred in the supply lead, then a differential pressure P diff > (P1-P0) * 1/2 results. This difference to a differential pressure without a leak can be detected with high robustness. Since the volume flow c1 of the pilot leak and c2 of the limiter of the second valve are known, a threshold value can be selected within wide limits, from which point a leak is regarded as no longer permissible. As a rule, a differential pressure P diff > 0.5 · P diff max is assumed to be the highest threshold value. The choice of the lowest threshold depends on the one hand on specifics of the specific system and possibly on customer wishes, on the other hand it depends on the measuring range of the differential pressure measuring device. In the case of commercially available differential pressure measuring devices, a differential pressure P diff > 0.1 · P diff max can still be reliably detected. It follows that an actual volumetric flow whose value is between less than 100% and greater than 5%, preferably between less than 100% and greater than 10% of the maximum volumetric flow rate after step (b), indicates a leak in the magnitude of the pilot leak in the supply Deduction and thus can be set in this area as a threshold for a permissible leak. On this basis, measures for alerting, etc. can then be made. It will be appreciated that the present invention can be used for a variety of conduit systems through the wide range that results in choosing the allowable leak threshold to allow for continuous control of these conduit systems for leaks. A further broadening of the measuring range by selecting a more sensitive differential pressure measuring device is possible and within the meaning of this invention.
Eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, mit mindestens der Entlüftungs-Ableitung und dem zweiten Ventil (EV), zwischen derVersorgungs-Ableitung und der Umgebung, bestimmt - vor dem Bestimmen des Differenzdrucks gemäß Schritt (a) - ein Gesamtvolumen derVersorgungs-Ableitung, indem der Druck in derVersorgungs-Ableitung durch Öffnen des zweiten Ventils im Wesentlichen auf den Druck der Umgebung abgesenkt wird, und indem der Volumenstrom durch das zweite Ventil und einen Begrenzer beim Entlüften über den Zeitraum bis etwa der Druck der Umgebung erreicht ist, integriert, insbesondere numerisch summiert, wird.A further embodiment of the method according to the invention, with at least the venting outflow and the second valve (EV), between the supply outflow and the environment, determines - before determining the differential pressure according to step (a) - a total volume of the supply derivative, by Pressure in the supply drain is lowered by opening the second valve substantially to the pressure of the environment, and by the volume flow through the second valve and a delimiter during venting over the period until about the pressure of the environment is reached, integrated, in particular numerically summed, is.
Da der Volumenstrom des Pilotlecks bekannt ist, kann durch Integration der Volumina, die durch das Pilotleck strömen, das Gesamtvolumen derVersorgungs-Ableitung, bzw. des daran angeschlossenen Leitungssystems, gemäß folgender Gleichung bestimmt werden
Es wird also nach dem Entlüften der Differenzdruck Pdiff = P1- P2 beobachtet und über die Beobachtungszeit integriert, bis etwa der Druck der Umgebung erreicht ist. Weil die Beobachtungsintervalle in einem realen technischen System nicht beliebig kurz sein können, wird in der technischen Lösung der Differenzdruck nach jedem Beobachtungsintervall, bevorzugt einmal pro Sekunde, bestimmt und numerisch summiert. Da auch derSensorfürden Differenzdruck eine beschränkte Empfindlichkeit aufweist, hat es sich als sinnvoll erwiesen, die numerische Summation zu beenden, wenn ein Wert von 0,5 · (P1 - P0) erreicht wurde, und auf dieser Basis das Gesamtvolumen des Leitungssystems abzuschätzen.It is thus observed after venting the differential pressure P diff = P1 P2 and integrated over the observation time until about the pressure of the environment is reached. Because the observation intervals in a real technical system can not be arbitrarily short, in the technical solution the differential pressure after each observation interval, preferably once per second, is determined and numerically summed. Since the sensor also has a limited sensitivity for the differential pressure, it has proven expedient to terminate the numerical summation when a value of 0.5 × (P1-P0) has been reached, and to estimate the total volume of the line system on this basis.
In einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist zur Bestimmung des tatsächlichen Volumenstroms des Fluids das erste Ventil (FV), zwischen der Zuleitung und der Versorgungs-Ableitung, geschlossen, und ein Pilotleck, zwischen der Zuleitung und dem Leitungssystem, geöffnet.In one embodiment of the method according to the invention, to determine the actual volume flow of the fluid, the first valve (FV), between the supply line and the supply outlet, is closed, and a pilot leak, between the supply line and the line system, is opened.
In dieserAusführungsform ist der maximale Volumenstrom c1 und auch der maximale Differenzdruck Pdiff = P1 - P0 bekannt. Da derVolumenstroms des Fluids proportional ist zum Differenzdruck, kann aus dem Differenzdruck, der mit dem genannten Messgerät kontinuierlich erfasst wird, der tatsächliche Volumenstrom bestimmt werden, unter der Randbedingung, dass bei der Messung das erste Ventil (FV) geschlossen und ein Pilotleck geöffnet ist. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass das Pilotleck, zusammen mit dem Messgerät, auf einfache Weise zur kontinuierlichen Überwachung des Leitungssystems auf ein Leck eingesetzt werden kann. Daraus ergibt sich ein erheblicher Vorteil gegenüber sämtlichen Verfahren des Stands der Technik, weil diese Verfahren keine kontinuierliche Messung erlauben und/oder spezielle Eingriffe in das Leitungssystem für eine Messung erfordern.In this embodiment, the maximum flow rate c1 and also the maximum differential pressure P diff = P1 - P0 are known. Since the volumetric flow of the fluid is proportional to the differential pressure, the actual volumetric flow can be determined from the differential pressure continuously detected with said measuring device, on the condition that during the measurement the first valve (FV) is closed and a pilot leak is opened. This has the advantage that the pilot leak, together with the meter, can be easily used for continuous monitoring of the piping system for a leak. This results in a significant advantage over all the prior art methods because these methods do not allow continuous measurement and / or require special intervention in the piping system for a measurement.
In einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird der maximale Volumenstrom des Pilotlecks nach dem Entlüften und dem Schließen des zweiten Ventils aus dem Druckanstieg nach, insbesondere unmittelbar nach, dem Schließen des zweiten Ventils bestimmt.In one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the maximum volume flow of the pilot leak after venting and the closing of the second valve from the pressure rise after, in particular immediately after, the closing of the second valve is determined.
Wenn der maximale Volumenstrom c1 des Pilotlecks nicht bekannt ist oder, z.B. zur Überprüfung der Funktion des Gesamtsystems, aufs Neue bestimmt werden soll, dann eignet sich dafür der Zustand, in dem an den Enden des Pilotlecks der maximale Differenzdruck Pdiff max anliegt. Dieser ist, nach den obigen Überlegungen, Pdiff max = P1- P0. Dieser Zustand wird nach dem Entlüften erreicht, insbesondere in dem Moment, in dem das zweite Ventil (EV) geschlossen wird. Während des Entlüftens und auch während dieser Messung ist das erste Ventil (FV) geschlossen.If the maximum volume flow c1 of the pilot leak is not known or should be determined anew, eg to check the function of the overall system, then the state in which the maximum differential pressure P diff max is present at the ends of the pilot leak is suitable. This is, according to the above considerations, P diff max = P1-P0. This condition is reached after venting, especially at the moment when the second valve (EV) is closed. During venting and also during this measurement, the first valve (FV) is closed.
In einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird der maximale Volumenstrom des Pilotlecks aus dem Strömungswiderstand des Pilotlecks berechnet, wobei der maximale Volumenstrom einen Wert bevorzugt zwischen 2 cm3 / h und 50 cm3 / h aufweist.In one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the maximum volume flow of the pilot leak is calculated from the flow resistance of the pilot leak, wherein the maximum volume flow preferably has a value between 2 cm 3 / h and 50 cm 3 / h.
Wenn das erste und das zweite Ventil geschlossen sind und kein oder ein sehr kleines Leck in der Versorgungs-Ableitung angenommen wird, dann ergibt sich als stationärer Zustand, dass am Differenzdruck-Messgerät, das parallel zum ersten Ventil anliegt, sich ein Druck Pdiff = (P1- P2) ergibt; an der Reihenschaltung des Leckverlust-Entlüftungsventils mit dem VolumenstromBegrenzer der Entlüftungsleitung ergibt sich ein Druck P2 - P0. Wird nun der Volumenstrom des Volumenstrom-Begrenzers der Entlüftungsleitung als wesentlich größer als der Volumenstrom des Leckverlust-Entlüftungsventils angenommen und letzterer als genauso groß wie der Volumenstrom des Pilotlecks, dann ergibt sich im genannten stationären Zustand ein Druck am Differenzdruck-Messgerät von Pdiff = (P1 - P2) ≈ 0,5 · (P1- P0). Das bedeutet, dass diese Messung-d.h. wenn das erste und das zweite Ventil geschlossen sind - eine einfache und kontinuierliche Kontrolle darstellt, ob sich die Komponenten-Parameter signifikant geändert haben. Es kann also mit dieser Messung und im Vergleich zu den Werten der Erstinbetriebnahme, die mit den erfindungsgemäßen Schritten (a) und (b) ermittelt wurden, festgestellt werden, ob beispielsweise einer der Begrenzer verstopft ist, d.h. ob sich der maximale Volumenstrom der Begrenzer verändert hat, oder selbstverständlich auch, ob ein Leck in derVersorgungs-Ableitung entstanden ist. Es sei noch hervorgehoben, dass die genannten Werte nur als Beispiel, zum besseren Verständnis, aufzufassen sind.If the first and the second valve are closed and no or a very small leak in the supply derivative is assumed, then results as a steady state that the differential pressure measuring instrument, which is parallel to the first valve, a pressure P diff = (P1-P2) gives; on the series circuit of the leakage-vent valve with the flow restrictor of the vent line results in a pressure P2 - P0. If now the volume flow of the volume flow restrictor of the vent line is assumed to be substantially greater than the volume flow of the leakage vent valve and the latter as equal to the volume flow of the pilot leak, then results in said steady state, a pressure at the differential pressure measuring device of P diff = ( P1 - P2) ≈ 0.5 · (P1 - P0). This means that this measurement-that is, when the first and second valves are closed-represents a simple and continuous check as to whether the component parameters have changed significantly. It can thus be determined with this measurement and compared to the values of the initial startup, which were determined with the inventive steps (a) and (b), for example, if one of the limiters is clogged, ie if the maximum volume flow of the limiter changed has, or of course, whether a leak in the supply derivation emerged is. It should be emphasized that these values are to be understood only as an example, for better understanding.
In einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens erfasst bzw. bestimmt ein Steuergerät den tatsächlichen Volumenstrom und schließt das erste Ventil (FV), insbesondere dann, wenn der Volumenstrom durch das Leck größer oder gleich dem Volumenstrom durch das Pilotleck ist.In one embodiment of the method according to the invention, a control unit detects or determines the actual volume flow and closes the first valve (FV), in particular if the volume flow through the leak is greater than or equal to the volume flow through the pilot leak.
Ein Steuergerät, das nach einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren arbeitet, kann also ein Leck, insbesondere ein unzulässiges Leck, detektieren. Dabei ist besonders vorteilhaft, dass diese Überwachung des Leitungssystems kontinuierlich erfolgt. Als unzulässiges Leck wird ein solches Leck in der Versorgungs-Ableitung bzw. im Leitungssystem angesehen, das einen Volumenstrom aufweist, der größer oder gleich dem Volumenstrom durch das Pilotleck ist. Sobald ein unzulässiges Leck detektiert wurde, schließt das Steuergerät das erste Ventil (FV), um eine weitere Gaszufuhr in das Leitungssystem zu unterbinden. Es ist im Sinne dervorliegenden Erfindung, wenn das Schließen des ersten Ventils mit einer deutlichen Meldung, beispielsweise mit einem akustischen und/oder optischen und/oder mechanischen Alarm, verbunden wird. Diese Meldung kann auch über einen verdrahteten oder drahtlosen Kommunikationskanat weitergegeben werden, beispielsweise zur Bord-Elektronik oder zu einer zentralen Überwachung.A control unit which operates according to a method according to the invention can thus detect a leak, in particular an impermissible leak. It is particularly advantageous that this monitoring of the line system is carried out continuously. An impermissible leak is considered to be such a leak in the supply outlet or in the line system, which has a volume flow that is greater than or equal to the volume flow through the pilot leak. Once an improper leak has been detected, the controller closes the first valve (FV) to inhibit further gas delivery into the piping system. It is within the meaning of the present invention, when the closing of the first valve is associated with a clear message, for example with an audible and / or visual and / or mechanical alarm. This message can also be relayed via a wired or wireless communication channel, for example to the on-board electronics or to a central monitoring.
Es ist zweckmäßig, das Bestimmen des Differenzdrucks zwischen dem Druck P1 in der Zuleitung und dem Druck P2 in der Versorgungs-Ableitung und das Berechnen des tatsächlichen Volumenstroms in regelmäßigen zeitlichen Abständen durchzuführen. Dabei ist ein Kompromiss zwischen einer schnellen Reaktionszeit und der Belastung einer Batterie anzustreben. In der Praxis hat sich ein zeitlicher Abstand von bevorzugt 0,5 bis 5 Sekunden, besonders bevorzugt von einer Sekunde, zwischen zwei Messungen als besonders geeignet herausgestellt.It is convenient to perform the determination of the differential pressure between the pressure P1 in the supply line and the pressure P2 in the supply drain and to calculate the actual volume flow at regular time intervals. A compromise between a fast response time and the load of a battery is desirable. In practice, a time interval of preferably 0.5 to 5 seconds, more preferably of one second, between two measurements has been found to be particularly suitable.
In einerweiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird das Bestimmen des Differenzdrucks zwischen dem Druck P1 in der Zuleitung und dem Druck P2 in derVersorgungs-Ableitung und das Berechnen des tatsächlichen Volumenstroms auch dann durchgeführt, wenn das Absperr-Ventil geöffnet ist.In another embodiment of the method according to the invention, the determination of the differential pressure between the pressure P1 in the supply line and the pressure P2 in the supply discharge and the calculation of the actual volume flow is also carried out when the shut-off valve is open.
Das Absperr-Ventil (AV) ist immer dann geöffnet, wenn der Verbraucher angeschaltet ist. In dieser Situation ist auch das erste Ventil FV geöffnet. Damit ergibt sich aber ein deutlich andererThe shut-off valve (AV) is always open when the consumer is switched on. In this situation, the first valve FV is also open. But this results in a significantly different
Differenzdruck Pdiff = P1- P2. Der Druckabfall findet dann nicht an dem - recht kleinen - Pilotleck statt, sondern am ersten Ventil, dessen maximalerVolumenstrom deutlich größer ist als der des Pilotlecks. Dennoch ist es sehr sinnvoll, auch in diesem Betriebsmodus den Differenzdruck zu überwachen: Zum einen ist dadurch ein Schlauchbruch sicher detektierbar, weil der maximale Volumenstrom des Absperr-Ventils zum Verbraucher deutlich geringer ist als ein Volumenstrom, der bei einem Schlauchbruch entsteht. Zum anderen können die Messwerte auch für die Verbrauchsmessung ausgewertet werden.Differential pressure P diff = P1 P2. The pressure drop then does not take place at the - quite small - pilot leak, but at the first valve whose maximum volumetric flow is significantly greater than that of the pilot leak. Nevertheless, it is very useful to monitor the differential pressure in this mode of operation as well: On the one hand, a hose break can be reliably detected because the maximum volume flow of the shut-off valve to the consumer is significantly lower than a volume flow that occurs in the event of a hose break. On the other hand, the measured values can also be evaluated for consumption measurement.
In einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird an der Zuleitung des Fluids ein Überdruck, bevorzugt ein Überdruck von weniger als 0,15 bar, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 30 und 50 mbar, jeweils bezogen auf den Druck P0 der Umgebung, angelegt.In one embodiment of the method according to the invention, an overpressure, preferably an overpressure of less than 0.15 bar, more preferably between 30 and 50 mbar, in each case based on the pressure P0 of the environment, is applied to the feed line of the fluid.
Gemäß dem genannten DVGW-Arbeitsblatt G 608 beträgt der Betriebsdruck (Nennwert) für Flüssiggas in Freizeitwohnfahrzeugen 30 mbar; für Altanlagen, d.h. für Flüssiggasanlagen, die nach dem DVGW-Arbeitsblatt G 608:1985-02 und früher installiert worden sind, 50 mbar. Für Gastronomie-Anlagen beträgt der Betriebsdruck 150 mbar. Geräte, die nach einerAusführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ausgeführt sind, sind daher vorzugsweise für diese zwei Einsatzbereiche ausgelegt.According to DVGW Code of Practice G 608, the operating pressure (nominal value) for LPG in recreational vehicles is 30 mbar; for old systems, i. for liquefied gas installations that have been installed in accordance with DVGW Code of Practice G 608: 1985-02 and earlier, 50 mbar. For catering facilities, the operating pressure is 150 mbar. Devices embodied according to one embodiment of the method according to the invention are therefore preferably designed for these two fields of use.
Die vorliegende Erfindung umfasst auch eine Vorrichtung zur Detektion von Undichtigkeiten in einem Leitungssystem zum Transport von Fluiden, welche eine Zuleitung, mindestens eine Entlüftungs-Ableitung und eine Versorgungs-Ableitung und ein Steuergerät aufweist. Dabei ist in der Zuleitung ein erstes Ventil mit einem Pilotteck, in der Entlüftungs-Ableitung zur Umgebung ein zweites Ventil, mit einem in Reihe angeordnetem Begrenzer, und im Bereich des ersten Ventils ein Messgerät zur Bestimmung einer Druckdifferenz, angeordnet, und das Steuergerät enthält mindestens Eingänge für die Werte vom Messgerät und Ausgänge zur Steuerung des ersten Ventils und des zweiten Ventils. Die Vorrichtung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in dem Steuergerät ein Verfahren implementiert ist, das folgende Schritte aufweist:
- (a) Bestimmen des Differenzdrucks des Fluids mit dem Messgerät zwischen einem ersten Druck in der Zuleitung und einem zweiten Druck in derVersorgungs-Ableitung, bzw. in der Entlüftungs-Ableitung vor dem zweiten Ventil.
- (b) Berechnen eines maximalen Volumenstroms des Pilotlecks, als Leckrate des ersten Ventils.
- (c) Kontinuierliches Bestimmen des Differenzdrucks zwischen dem ersten Druck (P1) in der Zuleitung und dem zweiten Druck (P2) in der Versorgungs-Ableitung und berechnen des tatsächlichen Volumenstroms, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein tatsächlicher Volumenstrom, dessen Wert etwa dem maximalen Volumenstrom nach Schritt (b) entspricht, auf ein nicht mehr zulässiges Leck in derVersorgungs-Ableitung hinweist, und ein tatsächlicherVolumenstrom, dessen Wert kleiner als 4 cm3 / h ist, auf im Wesentlichen kein Leck in derVersorgungs-Ableitung hinweist.
- (A) determining the differential pressure of the fluid with the meter between a first pressure in the supply line and a second pressure in the supply lead-out, or in the venting lead-off before the second valve.
- (b) Calculating a maximum volume flow of the pilot leak, as the leakage rate of the first valve.
- (c) continuously determining the differential pressure between the first pressure (P1) in the supply line and the second pressure (P2) in the supply discharge and calculating the actual volume flow, characterized in that an actual volume flow whose value is about the maximum volume flow after step (b) corresponds, indicating a no longer admissible leakage in derVersorgungs derivative, and a tatsächlicherVolumenstrom whose value is less than 4 cm 3 / h is substantially indicative of a leak in derVersorgungs lead.
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ist dabei vorzugsweise zwischen einem Druckminderer, von einem Tank her, und einer Versorgungs-Ableitung, die zu einem Leitungssystem führt, angeordnet. Ferner weist die Vorrichtung eine Entlüftungs-Ableitung, zur Entlüftung des Leitungssystems in die Umgebung, mit einem Umgebungsdruck P0, auf. Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung wird im Weiteren als Ventil- und Sensor-Einheit (VSE) benannt. Zwischen der Zuleitung, die vom Druckminderer kommt, und derVersorgungs-Ableitung ist in derVSE ein erstes Ventil, das Freigabeventil FV, angeordnet. Das Pilotleck kann als Durchflussbegrenzer (flow restrictor), insbesondere als kalibrierter Durchflussbegrenzer, ausgeführt sein. Parallel zu diesem ersten Ventil ist ein Begrenzer, der Pilotleck genannt wird, angeordnet. Weiterhin parallel zum ersten Ventil ist ein Messgerät, bevorzugt ein Differenzdruck-Messgerät, angeordnet, das den Differenzdruck zwischen dem Druck P1 vom Druckminderer und dem Druck P2 derVersorgungs-Ableitung und des Leitungssystems misst. Zwischen der Entlüftungs-Ableitung und derVersorgungs-Ableitung ist in derVSE ein zweites Ventil, das Entlüftungsventil EV, angeordnet. Parallel zum zweiten Ventil ist ein weiterer Begrenzer angeordnet. Ferner ist ein Begrenzer in Reihe zum zweiten Ventil angeordnet.The device according to the invention is preferably arranged between a pressure reducer, from a tank, and a supply outlet, which leads to a line system. Furthermore, the device has a venting derivation, for venting the piping system into the environment, with an ambient pressure P0. The device according to the invention is hereinafter referred to as valve and sensor unit (VSE). Between the supply line coming from the pressure reducer and the supply drain, a first valve, the release valve FV, is placed in the VSE. The pilot leak can be designed as a flow restrictor, in particular as a calibrated flow restrictor. Parallel to this first valve is a limiter called pilot leakage. Further, parallel to the first valve, there is a meter, preferably a differential pressure meter, which measures the differential pressure between the pressure P1 from the pressure reducer and the pressure P2 of the supply drain and the piping. Between the venting lead and the lead-off lead, a second valve, the bleed valve EV, is placed in the VSE. Parallel to the second valve, another limiter is arranged. Further, a limiter is arranged in series with the second valve.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die VSE in einem Flaschenkasten untergebracht. Die VSE ist bevorzugt vollständig gekapselt und gasdicht vergossen. Ein Steuermodul ist üblicherweise an einer anderen Stelle installiert. Das Steuermodul enthält insbesondere eine Steuerlogik zur Ansteuerung der Ventile, eine Signalaufbereitung der Signale vom Messgerät zur Überwachung derVSE, und eine Stromversorgung für die VSE. Die Steuerlogik befindet sich beispielsweise bei Booten im Inneren des Bootskörpers.In a preferred embodiment, the VSE is housed in a bottle crate. The VSE is preferably completely encapsulated and sealed gas-tight. A control module is usually installed elsewhere. In particular, the control module includes control logic to drive the valves, signal conditioning of the signals from the meter to monitor the VSE, and power to the VSE. For example, the control logic for boats is inside the hull.
In einem Schritt (a) des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird der Differenzdruck Pdiff des Fluids zwischen dem ersten Druck P1 in der Zuleitung und dem zweiten Druck P2 in der Versorgungs-Ableitung bestimmt. In einer erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung liegt der Druck P2 auch vordem zweiten Ventil an, das zur Entlüftungs-Ableitung führt. Der Differenzdruck Pdiff kann zwei Extrema annehmen: Er ist maximal, wenn das Leitungssystem entlüftet wird; dabei gilt Pdiff = P1 - P0. Der Differenzdruck ist minimal, Pdiff ≈ 0, wenn das erste Ventil (FV) geöffnet ist und das zweite Ventil (EV) und das Absperr-Ventil (AV) geschlossen sind. Diese Extrema können auch als Bezugspunkte für Messungen und zur Überprüfung der Funktionsfähigkeit der beiden Ventile (FV, EV) und des Messgeräts verwendet werden.In a step (a) of the method according to the invention, the differential pressure P diff of the fluid between the first pressure P1 in the supply line and the second pressure P2 in the supply discharge line is determined. In an arrangement according to the invention, the pressure P2 is also present in front of the second valve, which leads to the venting discharge. The differential pressure P diff can assume two extremes: it is maximum when the line system is vented; where P diff = P1 - P0. The differential pressure is minimal, P diff ≈ 0, when the first valve (FV) is open and the second valve (EV) and the shut-off valve (AV) are closed. These extremes can also be used as reference points for measurements and to verify the functionality of the two valves (FV, EV) and the meter.
In dem Schritt (b) wird der maximale Volumenstrom des Pilotlecks berechnet. Dafür eignet sich besonders eine Messung, wenn der Differenzdruck Pdiff maximal ist. Dieser maximale Volumenstrom des Pilotlecks wird als Leckrate des ersten Ventils bezeichnet.In step (b) the maximum volume flow of the pilot leak is calculated. For this purpose, a measurement is particularly suitable if the differential pressure P diff is maximum. This maximum volume flow of the pilot leak is referred to as the leakage rate of the first valve.
Diese Schritte (a) und (b) können auch dann durchgeführt werden, wenn es sich bei dem Pilotleck um einen kalibrierten Begrenzer handelt. Es kann damit überprüft werden, ob die für die Messung relevanten Parameter der Anlage noch unverändert sind. In der Praxis werden Schritte (a) und (b) nur bei einer Erstinbetriebnahme, oder nachdem die Anlage geändert wurde, durchgeführt. Zur Kontrolle und zur Erhöhung der Mess-Sicherheit ist es auch möglich, diese Schritte in beliebigen zeitlichen Abständen durchzuführen. In Fällen, wenn kein Differenzdruck zu messen ist, dann kann zur internen Funktionskontrolle die Leitung teilweise entlüftet werden, um einen darauf folgenden Druckausgleich beobachten zu können.These steps (a) and (b) may be performed even if the pilot leak is a calibrated limiter. It can thus be checked whether the parameters of the system that are relevant for the measurement are still unchanged. In practice, steps (a) and (b) are performed only at initial startup or after the system has been changed. It is also possible to check these steps and to increase the measurement safety at any time intervals. In cases where no differential pressure is to be measured, the line can be partially vented for internal function control, in order to observe a subsequent pressure equalization can.
In dem Schritt (c) wird kontinuierlich der Differenzdruck Pdiff = P1- P2, zwischen dem ersten Druck P1 in derZuleitung und dem zweiten Druck P2 in derVersorgungs-Ableitung, bestimmt. Die Messwerte, die dabei bestimmt werden, können auf den maximalen Volumenstrom des Pilotlecks - von Schritt (b) - bezogen werden und daraus der tatsächliche Volumenstrom berechnet werden.In step (c), the differential pressure P diff = P1-P2 between the first pressure P1 in the supply line and the second pressure P2 in the supply derivative is continuously determined. The measured values that are determined can be related to the maximum volume flow of the pilot leak - from step (b) - and from this the actual volume flow can be calculated.
Auf Basis dieser Messungen kann die VSE feststellen, ob in der Versorgungs-Ableitung, bzw. dem dahinter angeordnetem Leitungssystem, ein Leck entstanden ist: Wenn der tatsächliche Volumenstrom einen Wert annimmt, der etwa dem maximalen Volumenstrom nach Schritt (b) entspricht, dann ist in derVersorgungs-Ableitung ein nicht mehr zulässiges Leck entstanden. Wenn der tatsächliche Volumenstrom sehr klein ist, d.h. einen Wert kleiner als 20%, bevorzugt kleiner als 10%, besonders bevorzugt kleiner als 5%, des maximalen Volumenstroms nach Schritt (b), annimmt, dann gibt das einen Hinweis auf im Wesentlichen kein Leck - d.h. ein sehr kleines oder gar kein Leck - in derVersorgungs-Ableitung bzw. in dem daran angeschlossenen Leitungssystem. Auf Basis dieser Informationen können von derVSE sowohl Maßnahmen für eine Alarmierung als auch direkte steuernde Eingriffe vorgenommen werden.On the basis of these measurements, the VSE can determine whether a leak has occurred in the supply discharge line or the line system arranged behind it: If the actual volume flow reaches a value that corresponds approximately to the maximum flow rate after step (b), then In the supply derivation a not more permissible leak arose. If the actual volume flow is very small, ie assumes a value less than 20%, preferably less than 10%, particularly preferably less than 5%, of the maximum volume flow after step (b), then this gives an indication of essentially no leakage. ie a very small or no leak - in the supply line or in the line system connected to it. Based on this information, the VSE can take both alarming and direct control actions.
Es sei noch darauf hingewiesen, dass mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren nicht nur ein großes Leck oder gar kein Leck unterscheidbar sind, sondern es lässt sich, in messtechnisch bestimmten Grenzen, jede beliebige Leckrate als Schwellwert für ein zulässiges Leck angeben. Wenn das erste (FV) und das zweite Ventil (EV) und das Absperr-Ventil (AV) geschlossen sind und in derVersorgungs-Ableitung bzw. im Leitungssystem kein Leck ist, dann hängt in einem stationären Zustand der Wert des Differenzdrucks Pdiff nur vom Verhältnis des maximalen Volumenstrom c1 des Pilotlecks zum maximalen Volumenstrom c2 des Begrenzers ab, der parallel zum zweiten Ventil angeordnet ist. Wenn c1 und c2 etwa gleich sind, dann ergibt sich nach Gl. 3 ein Differenzdruck Pdiff ≈ (P1 - P0) · 1/2. Ist der Differenzdruck höher, dann ist ein Leck aufgetreten. Da der Volumenstrom c1 des Pilotlecks und c2 des Begrenzers des zweiten Ventil bekannt sind, kann in weiten Grenzen ein Schwellwert gewählt werden, ab dem ein Leck als nicht mehr zulässig angesehen wird und Maßnahmen für eine Alarmierung etc. vorgenommen werden. Der obere Schwellwert wird aber de facto durch eine Vorgabe des Gesetzgebers bestimmt, gemäß dem oben genannten DVGW-Arbeitsblatt G 608, das einen Schwellwert für die Dichtheitsprüfung enthält. Nach Gl. 1 beträgt dieser Schwellwert z.B. für eine 2 Meter lange Gasleitung mit 6 mm Innendurchmesser etwa 4 cm3/h.It should be pointed out that not only a large leak or no leak can be distinguished with the method according to the invention, but it is possible to specify any leakage rate as a threshold value for a permissible leak in metrologically determined limits. If the first (FV) and the second valve (EV) and the shut-off valve (AV) are closed and there is no leak in the supply line or in the line system, then in a steady state the value of the differential pressure P diff depends only on Ratio of the maximum flow rate c1 of the pilot leak to the maximum flow rate c2 of the limiter, which is arranged parallel to the second valve. If c1 and c2 are approximately equal, then Eq. 3 is a differential pressure P diff ≈ (P1-P0) * 1/2. If the differential pressure is higher, then a leak has occurred. Since the volume flow c1 of the pilot leak and c2 of the limiter of the second valve are known, a threshold can be selected within wide limits, from which a leak is considered no longer permissible and measures for alarming, etc. are made. The upper threshold, however, is de facto determined by legislation by the legislator, in accordance with the DVGW Code of Practice G 608 mentioned above, which contains a threshold value for the leakage test. According to Eq. 1, this threshold is for example for a 2 meter long gas line with 6 mm inner diameter about 4 cm 3 / h.
Eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung weist also nicht nur die erfindungsgemäßen Vorteile der kontinuierlichen Überwachung auf, wobei wederzusätzliche konstruktive Maßnahmen am Leitungssystem noch eine Berücksichtigung der thermischen Randbedingungen erforderlich sind, sondern weist auch eine robuste Messmethode, einschließlich wirkungsvoller Test- und Kontrollfunktionen, und eine sehr einfache Installierbarkeit auf.Thus, a device according to the invention not only has the advantages of continuous monitoring according to the invention, whereby neither additional constructional measures on the line system nor consideration of the thermal boundary conditions are required, but also has a robust measuring method, including effective test and control functions, and a very simple installability ,
Bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung kann das erste Ventil und/oder das zweite Ventil elektromagnetisch oder pneumatisch geöffnet oder geschlossen, insbesondere zwangsgesteuert geschlossen, werden.In one embodiment of the device according to the invention, the first valve and / or the second valve can be opened or closed electromagnetically or pneumatically, in particular positively controlled closed.
Die beschriebene Vorrichtung kann bevorzugt als eine Sicherheitseinrichtung für Flüssiggasanlagen eingesetzt werden. Damit ergeben sich hohe Anforderungen an die Zuverlässigkeit und an die Sicherheit vor Manipulationen. Zu diesem Zweck kann das erste Ventil und/oder das zweite Ventil elektromagnetisch oder pneumatisch geöffnet oder geschlossen werden; dadurch ist es möglich, im Fehlerfall die Gaszufuhr automatisch zu unterbrechen. Weiterhin ist durch die Steuerschaltungen, insbesondere durch elektronische Steuerschaltungen, gewährleistet, dass die mit dieser Vorrichtung überwachte Flüssiggasanlage nicht vom Benutzer oder einer externen Person versehentlich oder absichtlich trotz eines Lecks oder einer Fehlfunktion benutzt werden kann. Um die Manipulationssicherheit weiter zu erhöhen, ist das Steuergerät in einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform gekapselt, versiegelt oder, z.B. in ein Epoxidharz, eingegossen.The device described can preferably be used as a safety device for liquefied gas installations. This results in high demands on reliability and security against manipulation. For this purpose, the first valve and / or the second valve can be opened or closed electromagnetically or pneumatically; This makes it possible to automatically interrupt the gas supply in case of failure. Furthermore, it is ensured by the control circuits, in particular by electronic control circuits, that the monitored with this device LPG system can not be used by the user or an external person accidentally or intentionally despite a leak or malfunction. To further enhance tamper resistance, in a particularly preferred embodiment, the controller is packaged, sealed or, e.g. in an epoxy resin, poured.
Bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung weist die Stromversorgung des Steuergeräts eine Strombegrenzung, bevorzugt eine Strombegrenzung gegen kurzzeitiges Überschreiten eines Maximalstroms, besonders bevorzugt eine irreversible Strombegrenzung, auf. Mit dieser Maßnahme kann die Wahrscheinlichkeit für eine Fehlfunktion, Fehlbedienung oder eine fehlerhafte Montage oder Installation weiter reduziert werden.In an embodiment of the device according to the invention, the power supply of the control device has a current limit, preferably a current limit against short-time exceeding of a maximum current, particularly preferably an irreversible current limit. This measure can further reduce the likelihood of a malfunction, incorrect operation or faulty installation or installation.
Die genannte Vorrichtung ist dafür ausgelegt, in einer stationären und/oder mobilen Umgebung, vorzugsweise auf einem Landfahrzeug, einem Luftfahrzeug oder einem Wasserfahrzeug verwendet zu werden.Said device is designed to be used in a stationary and / or mobile environment, preferably on a land vehicle, an aircraft or a watercraft.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand verschiedener Ausführungsformen beschrieben, wobei darauf hingewiesen wird, dass die Erfindung sich nicht auf die hier dargestellte Ausführung beschränkt, sondern vielmehr auch entsprechende Abwandlungen auch im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung sind, sofern diese durch die Ansprüche abgedeckt sind.The invention will be described with reference to various embodiments, wherein it should be noted that the invention is not limited to the embodiment shown here, but rather also corresponding modifications in the sense of the present invention, provided that they are covered by the claims.
Dabei zeigen:
- Fig. 1:
- die schematische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Gesamtsystems;
- Fig. 2:
- die schematische Darstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Ventil- und Sensor-Einheit (VSE);
- Fig. 3:
- den Verlauf des relativen Differenzdrucks in Abhängigkeit vom Leck-Volumenstrom;
- Fig. 4:
- ein Beispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Ventil- und Sensor-Einheit (VSE) in der Aufsicht;
- Fig. 5:
- ein Beispiel erfindungsgemäßen Ventil- und Sensor-Einheit (VSE) als Schnittdarstellung.
- Fig. 1:
- the schematic representation of a total system according to the invention;
- Fig. 2:
- the schematic representation of the valve and sensor unit (VSE) according to the invention;
- 3:
- the course of the relative differential pressure as a function of the leakage volume flow;
- 4:
- an example of a valve and sensor unit (VSE) according to the invention in the plan view;
- Fig. 5:
- an example according to the invention valve and sensor unit (VSE) as a sectional view.
Anhand der
In
- 1010
- Fluid-EinheitFluid unit
- 3030
- Tank bzw. GasflascheTank or gas bottle
- 3232
- Absperr-VentilShut-off valve
- 3535
- Druckmindererpressure reducer
- 4040
- Zuleitungsupply
- 5050
- Ventil- und Sensor-Einheit (VSE)Valve and Sensor Unit (VSE)
- 5151
- VSE-GrundkörperVSE base body
- 6060
- erstes Ventil / Freigabeventil (FV)first valve / release valve (FV)
- 60a60a
- Sitz des ersten Ventils/ Freigabeventil (FV)Seat of the first valve / release valve (FV)
- 6161
- Freigabeventil FV, VentilkörperRelease valve FV, valve body
- 6262
- (kalibrierter) Begrenzer (Pilotleck)(calibrated) limiter (pilot leak)
- 6363
- Dichtscheibe mit Bypass-LochSealing washer with bypass hole
- 6464
- Magnetspulesolenoid
- 6565
- Rückholfederreturn spring
- 6666
- Ventilkolbenplunger
- 6767
- Messgerät (Differenzdruck-Messgerät)Measuring device (differential pressure measuring device)
- 7070
- zweites Ventil Entlüftungsventil (EV)second valve bleed valve (EV)
- 70a70a
- Sitz des zweiten Ventils / Entlüftungsventil (EV)Seat of second valve / vent valve (EV)
- 7272
- Begrenzer/ Leck im EntlüftungsventilLimiter / leak in the vent valve
- 7373
- Entlüftungsventil EV, Dichtscheibe (geschlossen)Vent valve EV, sealing disc (closed)
- 7474
- (kalibrierter) Begrenzer/Volumenstrombegrenzer der Entlüftungsleitung(calibrated) limiter / volume flow limiter of the vent line
- 7575
- Entlüftungs-Ableitung (Umgebung)Venting discharge (environment)
- 8080
- Versorgungs-Ableitung (Leitungssystem)Supply derivation (line system)
- 8181
- Volumen derVersorgungs-Ableitung (Leitungssystem)Volume of the supply derivation (line system)
- 8585
- Leck (im Leitungssystem)Leak (in the pipe system)
- 9090
- Verbraucher-EinheitConsumer unit
- 9292
- Absperr-Ventil (AV)Shut-off valve (AV)
- 9595
- Verbraucherconsumer
- P0P0
- Druck P0 (UmgebungPressure P0 (environment
- P1P1
- Druck P1 (Zuleitung)Pressure P1 (supply)
- P2P2
- Druck P2 (Leitungssystem)Pressure P2 (piping system)
Claims (13)
- A method for the detection of leaks in a line system for fluid transportation, with a feed line (40) and at least one venting outlet (75) and one supply outlet (80), wherein• a first valve (60) with a pilot leak (62) is arranged in the feed line (40), which is a limiter connected in parallel to the first valve (60),• a second valve (70) with a series-connected limiter (74) is arranged in the venting outlet (75) to the environment, and• a measuring device (67) for determining the pressure difference is connected in parallel to the first valve (60),characterised in that the following steps are executed:a) lowering a second pressure (P2) in the supply outlet (80) or in the venting outlet (75) upstream of the second valve (70) essentially to an ambient pressure (P0) by opening the second valve (70); andb) determining a maximum differential pressure of the fluid by means of the measuring device (67) between a first pressure (P1) in the feed line (40) and the second pressure (P2) if the second pressure (P2) is equal to the ambient pressure (P2) ;c) calculating a maximum volume current of the pilot leak (62) as the leak rate of the first valve (60) ;d) continually determining the differential pressure between the first pressure (P1) in the feed line (40) and the second pressure (P2) in the supply outlet (80) and calculating the actual volume current, wherein- an actual volume current calculated from the differential pressure, the value of which corresponds approximately to the maximum volume pressure as per step (b), points to a by now inadmissible leak (85) in the supply outlet (80), and- an actual volume current calculated from the differential pressure, the value of which is smaller than 100 % and larger than 0 % of the maximum volume current as per step b), points to essentially no leak (85) in the supply outlet (80).
- The method according to claim 1, wherein
an actual volume current, the value of which corresponds to between smaller 100 % and larger 5 %, preferably between smaller 100 % and larger 10 % of the maximum volume current as per step (b), points to a leak (85) in the supply outlet (80). - The method according to claim 1 or 2 with at least the venting outlet (75) and the second valve (70) between the supply outlet (80) and the environment, wherein prior to determining the differential pressure as per step (b),
the pressure (P2) in the supply outlet (80) is lowered by opening the second valve (70) essentially to the ambient pressure (P0), with, in particular, a total volume of the supply outlet (80) being determined in that the volume current through the second valve (70) and a limiter (74) is integrated, in particular numerically totalled during venting over the period, until an approximately ambient pressure (P0) has been achieved. - The method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein
in order to determine the actual volume current of the fluid the first valve (60) between the feed line (40) and the supply outlet (80) is closed, and the pilot leak (62) between the feed line (40) and the line system (80) is opened. - The method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein
the maximum volume current of the pilot leak (62) after venting is determined from the rise in pressure after, in particular immediately after, closing the second valve (70). - The method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein
the maximum volume current of the pilot leak (62) is calculated from the flow resistance of the pilot leak (62), wherein the maximum volume current preferably has a value between 2 cm3/h and 50 cm3/h. - The method according to claim 1,2 or 6, wherein
a control unit detects or determines the actual volume current and closes the first valve (60) in particular then, when the volume current through the leak (85) is larger or equal to the volume current through the pilot leak (62). - The method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein
the differential pressure is determined between the pressure (P1) in the feed line (40) and the pressure (P2) in the supply outlet (80) and the actual volume current is calculated, when the shut-off valve (92) is opened. - The method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein
an overpressure, preferably an overpressure of less than 0.15 bar, especially preferably between 30 and 50 mbar, relative, respectively, to the ambient pressure (P0) is applied to the feed line (40) of the fluid. - A device for the detection of leaks in a line system for the transport of fluids, with a feed line (40), at least one venting outlet (75) and a supply outlet (80), and a control unit, wherein• a first valve (60) with a pilot leak (62) is arranged in the feed line (40), which is a limiter connected in parallel to the first valve (60),• a second valve (70) with a limiter (74) connected in series is arranged in the venting outlet (75) to the environment, and• a measuring device (67) for determining the pressure difference is connected in parallel to the first valve (60), andthe control unit comprises at least inputs for the values from the measuring device (67) and outputs for controlling the first valve (60) and the second valve (70),
characterised in that
a method according to one of claims 1 to 9 is implemented in the control unit. - The device according to claim 10, characterised in that
the first valve (60) and/or the second valve (70) can be electromagnetically or pneumatically opened or closed, in particular closed under forced control. - The device according to claim 10 or 11, characterised in that
the current supply to the control unit comprises a current limitation, preferably a current limitation against temporarily exceeding a maximum current, especially preferably an irreversible current limitation. - A use of a device according to claim 10, 11 or 12 in a stationary and/or mobile environment, preferably in a land-based vehicle, an aircraft or a watercraft.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102014103238.1A DE102014103238A1 (en) | 2014-03-11 | 2014-03-11 | Device and method for safety shut-off of liquefied gas installations |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2918894A1 EP2918894A1 (en) | 2015-09-16 |
EP2918894B1 true EP2918894B1 (en) | 2017-08-16 |
Family
ID=52784897
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15158500.7A Not-in-force EP2918894B1 (en) | 2014-03-11 | 2015-03-10 | Device and method for safety shut-off of liquefied gas installations |
Country Status (2)
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EP (1) | EP2918894B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102014103238A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102016112888A1 (en) | 2016-07-13 | 2018-01-18 | Truma Gerätetechnik GmbH & Co. KG | LNG plant |
DE102016215323A1 (en) | 2016-08-17 | 2018-02-22 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Method for operating a valve of a pressure vessel system and pressure vessel system |
CN109404743B (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2020-09-25 | 北京高安屯垃圾焚烧有限公司 | Water supply pipeline leakage protection system |
DE102023200437A1 (en) | 2023-01-20 | 2024-07-25 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Tank system and method for monitoring the tightness of a tank system |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3445281A1 (en) * | 1984-12-12 | 1986-06-19 | Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TIGHTNESS TESTING TWO SHUT-OFF VALVES IN A GAS-FLOWED PIPE |
DE3810998A1 (en) * | 1988-03-31 | 1989-10-19 | Eckardt Ag | Method for the detection of changes of a prescribed geometry of a pipe network being flowed through |
US5621164A (en) * | 1995-01-27 | 1997-04-15 | Woodbury; H. Allan | Leak test system |
DE19542890C1 (en) * | 1995-11-17 | 1997-07-17 | Hansaconsult Ingenieurgesellsc | Fluid leakage detection method for pipeline |
DE19652372A1 (en) * | 1996-12-17 | 1998-06-18 | Zinser Textilmaschinen Gmbh | Pneumatic loading device of a drafting system in a spinning machine |
DE19942185A1 (en) * | 1999-09-03 | 2001-03-15 | Linator Ag Liestal | Method and device for detecting leakage flow, real volume flow or real volume mass flow rates opens a reference leakage valve for a sort period in a measurement device detecting a volume flow rate with a computer. |
DE102008039563B3 (en) * | 2008-08-25 | 2010-01-21 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Method for detecting drift and minimal leakage of e.g. fluid, for internal combustion engine of motor vehicle, involves determining flow rates of fluid, where determination of rates takes place by fluid level measurement over time period |
-
2014
- 2014-03-11 DE DE102014103238.1A patent/DE102014103238A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2015
- 2015-03-10 EP EP15158500.7A patent/EP2918894B1/en not_active Not-in-force
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None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2918894A1 (en) | 2015-09-16 |
DE102014103238A1 (en) | 2015-10-01 |
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