EP2918894B1 - Dispositif et procédé de blocage de sécurité d'installations à gaz liquéfié - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de blocage de sécurité d'installations à gaz liquéfié Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2918894B1
EP2918894B1 EP15158500.7A EP15158500A EP2918894B1 EP 2918894 B1 EP2918894 B1 EP 2918894B1 EP 15158500 A EP15158500 A EP 15158500A EP 2918894 B1 EP2918894 B1 EP 2918894B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
pressure
leak
current
supply
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EP15158500.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2918894A1 (fr
Inventor
Ralf Frare
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Nowtronic GmbH
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Nowtronic GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D3/00—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations
    • F17D3/18—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations for measuring the quantity of conveyed product
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0326—Valves electrically actuated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0335—Check-valves or non-return valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0352—Pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/031—Not under pressure, i.e. containing liquids or solids only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F17C2250/0434—Pressure difference
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0443—Flow or movement of content
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0689—Methods for controlling or regulating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0689—Methods for controlling or regulating
    • F17C2250/0694—Methods for controlling or regulating with calculations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/07—Actions triggered by measured parameters
    • F17C2250/072—Action when predefined value is reached
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/035—Dealing with losses of fluid
    • F17C2260/038—Detecting leaked fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device and a method for safety shut-off of LPG systems for preventing unwanted release of gas, especially on vehicles, for example on boats.
  • Leaking pipe systems of liquefied gas installations or defective gas appliances represent a considerable hazard potential.
  • Espe- cially aboard ships, escaping propane or butane gases collect at the lowest point of a hull. Thus even small amounts of leakage inside the hull can lead to ignitable gas concentrations.
  • DVGW Code of Practice G 608, Section 5.4 describes a leak test method in which the piping systems are initially pressurized with air at a pressure of 150 mbar. After a waiting time of 5 minutes to set the thermal equilibrium, the pressure is read, for a further 5 min, the measured pressure may be max. fall by 5 mbar.
  • the leak rate q L (in cm 3 / h), according to DIN EN 13611: 2011-12 Annex D, is calculated from the pressure drop using the following equation: q L 11 . 85 ⁇ 10 - 3 ⁇ total volume P measurement start - P measuring
  • leakage test testing solutions which visualize gas bubbles as leaks form in the conduits.
  • these sight glasses must be mounted at the feed point of the gas system due to their physical mode of action (flow switch). So you are usually out of sight of the user when operating the gas system.
  • leakage testers can not be used in regular operation. The user must switch to "test mode" at the test device and then observe the possible blistering in the sight glass. These devices do not automatically monitor the tightness of the gas system and the connected modules.
  • gas remote switches which allow the user to disconnect the gas supply from the consumers through an electrical valve on the gas cylinder.
  • no monitoring function is included.
  • the safety gain is based on keeping the system pressure-free when not in use. A leak-free test function is not available with these devices.
  • hose rupture stops are also known in the art. These trigger when a sudden and complete tearing of the line, i. if the gas consumption of the system exceeds a specified maximum value. This is usually set at small installations to about 1.5 kg LPG per hour. In case of gradual damage or small leaks a hose rupture protection does not trigger; a gas outlet is thus not prevented. However, especially in poorly ventilated environments, for example in boats, gas accumulation may occur even in the case of small leaks, reaching a critical size.
  • leak gas safety valves are known in the prior art. However, they require an installation with double-walled cables. Such an installation is complex and not given in commercial systems.
  • leakage gas relief valves detect the pressure loss between the inner and outer jacket and automatically interrupt the gas supply.
  • the publication DE19942185 discloses a method and a device, with the supply side leakage or Nutzvolumen- or mass flows in technical systems without knowledge of the connected system volume are determined and can be made available as a measured value.
  • a known reference leakage current is generated by means of an additional reference leakage located in the measuring arrangement, which then leads to the actual leakage volume flow by offsetting it with the associated pressure drop times in the system.
  • an actual volumetric flow whose value is approximately equal to the maximum volumetric flow rate after step (b) then indicates an unacceptable leak in the supply outflow. Furthermore, an actual volumetric flow whose value is less than 100% and greater than 0% of the maximum volumetric flow rate after step (b) indicates substantially no leakage in the supply drainage.
  • a plant according to the invention for transporting fluids in particular a liquefied gas plant, has a tank.
  • This usually consists of one or more gas cylinders containing propane gas, butane gas or another liquefied gas and which are under pressure, for example between 2 to 8 bar overpressure.
  • This fluid, in particular the LPG is via a shut-off valve and a pressure reducer connected to a piping system.
  • the pressure reducer reduces the high gas pressure from the tank to a first pressure P1 of 30 mbar, or to 50 mbar for old systems, which is applied to the piping system.
  • the piping system leads to a consumer, eg to a stove or a heater.
  • a shut-off valve In front of the consumer, a shut-off valve (AV) is arranged, with which the gas supply to the consumer can be switched on and off as needed.
  • the duct system has a certain volume and, depending on the type of vehicle in which it is installed, may have a length of about 2 m to 10 m.
  • the conduit system may have one or more leaks.
  • a leak in the sense of this invention can be caused for example by a loose hose clamp or damage in the pipe system, such as a sharp object. But such a leak can also be a big leak, e.g. caused by tearing off a hose.
  • Such leaks which lead to an actual volume flow of the pilot leak, the value of which corresponds approximately to the maximum volume flow after step (b), are regarded as a non-permissible leak.
  • very small leaks especially when taken together in the entire piping system, have a volumetric flow that is less than 100% and greater than 0% of the maximum volumetric flow rate after step (b) are considered to be a permissible leak or not a leak.
  • VSE valve and sensor unit
  • the VSE thus has a supply line which is connected to the coming from the tank pressure reducer; this is under a first pressure P1. Further, the VSE has a utility drain leading to the piping - and finally to the consumer. The supply drain and the pipe system have a pressure P2.
  • a first valve the release valve FV
  • Parallel to this first valve is a limiter called pilot leakage.
  • a meter preferably a differential pressure meter, which measures the differential pressure between the pressure P1 from the pressure reducer and the pressure P2 of the supply drain and the piping.
  • the VSE has a venting outlet that leads to the environment.
  • the environment has an ambient pressure P0.
  • a second valve the bleed valve EV
  • a limiter is arranged in series with the second valve.
  • the differential pressure P diff of the fluid between the first pressure P1 in the supply line and the second pressure P2 in the supply discharge line is determined.
  • the pressure P2 is also present in front of the second valve, which leads to the venting discharge.
  • a step (b) the maximum volume flow of the pilot leak is calculated.
  • the line system is vented.
  • the second valve (EV) is closed, the gas flows into the piping system only via the pilot leak; the pressure P2 rises slowly until it reaches P1.
  • the differential pressure P diff between the first pressure P 1 in the supply line and the second pressure P 2 in the supply discharge or in the venting discharge upstream of the second valve can be determined continuously and from this the actual volume flow can be calculated. If the first (FV) and the second valve (EV) are closed, and when an actual volumetric flow is measured, the value of which corresponds approximately to the value of the maximum volumetric flow c1 of the pilot leak, then it can be inferred according to the inventive method, that in the supply derivative or in the connected thereto piping system a no longer permissible leak is located.
  • a very small actual volume flow is measured in a method according to the invention, in particular a volume flow whose value is less than 100% and greater than 0% of the maximum volume flow after step (b), then there is an indication of essentially no leak - ie a very small one or no leak - in the supply line or in the line system connected to it. Based on this information, measures for alarming as well as direct controlling interventions can be made.
  • this method provides the advantage according to the invention that leaks in a pipeline system for transporting fluids, in particular gas in liquefied gas installations, can be continuously monitored. This can be done without special test sequences, without further measures on the line system - such as. a double-walled pipe - and without having to consider thermal boundary conditions. Furthermore, said method is so robust that it can also be used with high reliability in mobile environments, e.g. in land vehicles or boats.
  • One embodiment of the method according to the invention for detecting leaks in a line system is that an actual volume flow whose value corresponds to between 100% and 10% of the maximum volume flow after step (b) indicates a leak in the supply line.
  • a higher differential pressure P diff sets in. Assuming, for example, that c2> c1, ie that a leak has occurred in the supply lead, then a differential pressure P diff > (P1-P0) * 1/2 results. This difference to a differential pressure without a leak can be detected with high robustness. Since the volume flow c1 of the pilot leak and c2 of the limiter of the second valve are known, a threshold value can be selected within wide limits, from which point a leak is regarded as no longer permissible. As a rule, a differential pressure P diff > 0.5 ⁇ P diff max is assumed to be the highest threshold value.
  • the choice of the lowest threshold depends on the one hand on specifics of the specific system and possibly on customer wishes, on the other hand it depends on the measuring range of the differential pressure measuring device. In the case of commercially available differential pressure measuring devices, a differential pressure P diff > 0.1 ⁇ P diff max can still be reliably detected. It follows that an actual volumetric flow whose value is between less than 100% and greater than 5%, preferably between less than 100% and greater than 10% of the maximum volumetric flow rate after step (b), indicates a leak in the magnitude of the pilot leak in the supply Deduction and thus can be set in this area as a threshold for a permissible leak. On this basis, measures for alerting, etc. can then be made.
  • the present invention can be used for a variety of conduit systems through the wide range that results in choosing the allowable leak threshold to allow for continuous control of these conduit systems for leaks.
  • a further broadening of the measuring range by selecting a more sensitive differential pressure measuring device is possible and within the meaning of this invention.
  • a further embodiment of the method according to the invention with at least the venting outflow and the second valve (EV), between the supply outflow and the environment, determines - before determining the differential pressure according to step (a) - a total volume of the supply derivative, by Pressure in the supply drain is lowered by opening the second valve substantially to the pressure of the environment, and by the volume flow through the second valve and a delimiter during venting over the period until about the pressure of the environment is reached, integrated, in particular numerically summed, is.
  • total volume ⁇ c 1 11 . 85 ⁇ 10 - 3 ⁇ P 1 - P 2 dt
  • the first valve (FV), between the supply line and the supply outlet is closed, and a pilot leak, between the supply line and the line system, is opened.
  • the maximum volume flow of the pilot leak after venting and the closing of the second valve from the pressure rise after, in particular immediately after, the closing of the second valve is determined.
  • the maximum volume flow of the pilot leak is calculated from the flow resistance of the pilot leak, wherein the maximum volume flow preferably has a value between 2 cm 3 / h and 50 cm 3 / h.
  • a control unit detects or determines the actual volume flow and closes the first valve (FV), in particular if the volume flow through the leak is greater than or equal to the volume flow through the pilot leak.
  • FV first valve
  • a control unit which operates according to a method according to the invention can thus detect a leak, in particular an impermissible leak. It is particularly advantageous that this monitoring of the line system is carried out continuously.
  • An impermissible leak is considered to be such a leak in the supply outlet or in the line system, which has a volume flow that is greater than or equal to the volume flow through the pilot leak.
  • the controller closes the first valve (FV) to inhibit further gas delivery into the piping system. It is within the meaning of the present invention, when the closing of the first valve is associated with a clear message, for example with an audible and / or visual and / or mechanical alarm. This message can also be relayed via a wired or wireless communication channel, for example to the on-board electronics or to a central monitoring.
  • the determination of the differential pressure between the pressure P1 in the supply line and the pressure P2 in the supply discharge and the calculation of the actual volume flow is also carried out when the shut-off valve is open.
  • shut-off valve (AV) is always open when the consumer is switched on. In this situation, the first valve FV is also open. But this results in a significantly different
  • an overpressure preferably an overpressure of less than 0.15 bar, more preferably between 30 and 50 mbar, in each case based on the pressure P0 of the environment, is applied to the feed line of the fluid.
  • the operating pressure (nominal value) for LPG in recreational vehicles is 30 mbar; for old systems, i. for liquefied gas installations that have been installed in accordance with DVGW Code of Practice G 608: 1985-02 and earlier, 50 mbar.
  • the operating pressure is 150 mbar.
  • Devices embodied according to one embodiment of the method according to the invention are therefore preferably designed for these two fields of use.
  • the device according to the invention is preferably arranged between a pressure reducer, from a tank, and a supply outlet, which leads to a line system. Furthermore, the device has a venting derivation, for venting the piping system into the environment, with an ambient pressure P0.
  • the device according to the invention is hereinafter referred to as valve and sensor unit (VSE). Between the supply line coming from the pressure reducer and the supply drain, a first valve, the release valve FV, is placed in the VSE.
  • the pilot leak can be designed as a flow restrictor, in particular as a calibrated flow restrictor. Parallel to this first valve is a limiter called pilot leakage.
  • a meter preferably a differential pressure meter, which measures the differential pressure between the pressure P1 from the pressure reducer and the pressure P2 of the supply drain and the piping.
  • a second valve the bleed valve EV
  • a limiter is arranged in series with the second valve.
  • the VSE is housed in a bottle crate.
  • the VSE is preferably completely encapsulated and sealed gas-tight.
  • a control module is usually installed elsewhere.
  • the control module includes control logic to drive the valves, signal conditioning of the signals from the meter to monitor the VSE, and power to the VSE.
  • the control logic for boats is inside the hull.
  • the differential pressure P diff of the fluid between the first pressure P1 in the supply line and the second pressure P2 in the supply discharge line is determined.
  • the pressure P2 is also present in front of the second valve, which leads to the venting discharge.
  • the differential pressure is minimal, P diff ⁇ 0, when the first valve (FV) is open and the second valve (EV) and the shut-off valve (AV) are closed. These extremes can also be used as reference points for measurements and to verify the functionality of the two valves (FV, EV) and the meter.
  • step (b) the maximum volume flow of the pilot leak is calculated.
  • a measurement is particularly suitable if the differential pressure P diff is maximum.
  • This maximum volume flow of the pilot leak is referred to as the leakage rate of the first valve.
  • steps (a) and (b) may be performed even if the pilot leak is a calibrated limiter. It can thus be checked whether the parameters of the system that are relevant for the measurement are still unchanged.
  • steps (a) and (b) are performed only at initial startup or after the system has been changed. It is also possible to check these steps and to increase the measurement safety at any time intervals.
  • the line can be partially vented for internal function control, in order to observe a subsequent pressure equalization can.
  • the measured values that are determined can be related to the maximum volume flow of the pilot leak - from step (b) - and from this the actual volume flow can be calculated.
  • the VSE can determine whether a leak has occurred in the supply discharge line or the line system arranged behind it: If the actual volume flow reaches a value that corresponds approximately to the maximum flow rate after step (b), then In the supply derivation a not more permissible leak arose. If the actual volume flow is very small, ie assumes a value less than 20%, preferably less than 10%, particularly preferably less than 5%, of the maximum volume flow after step (b), then this gives an indication of essentially no leakage. ie a very small or no leak - in the supply line or in the line system connected to it. Based on this information, the VSE can take both alarming and direct control actions.
  • a threshold can be selected within wide limits, from which a leak is considered no longer permissible and measures for alarming, etc. are made.
  • the upper threshold is de facto determined by legislation by the legislator, in accordance with the DVGW Code of Practice G 608 mentioned above, which contains a threshold value for the leakage test. According to Eq. 1, this threshold is for example for a 2 meter long gas line with 6 mm inner diameter about 4 cm 3 / h.
  • a device not only has the advantages of continuous monitoring according to the invention, whereby neither additional constructional measures on the line system nor consideration of the thermal boundary conditions are required, but also has a robust measuring method, including effective test and control functions, and a very simple installability ,
  • the first valve and / or the second valve can be opened or closed electromagnetically or pneumatically, in particular positively controlled closed.
  • the device described can preferably be used as a safety device for liquefied gas installations. This results in high demands on reliability and security against manipulation.
  • the first valve and / or the second valve can be opened or closed electromagnetically or pneumatically; This makes it possible to automatically interrupt the gas supply in case of failure.
  • the control circuits in particular by electronic control circuits, that the monitored with this device LPG system can not be used by the user or an external person accidentally or intentionally despite a leak or malfunction.
  • the controller is packaged, sealed or, e.g. in an epoxy resin, poured.
  • the power supply of the control device has a current limit, preferably a current limit against short-time exceeding of a maximum current, particularly preferably an irreversible current limit. This measure can further reduce the likelihood of a malfunction, incorrect operation or faulty installation or installation.
  • Said device is designed to be used in a stationary and / or mobile environment, preferably on a land vehicle, an aircraft or a watercraft.
  • Fig.1 shows schematically a device according to the invention, in a typical environment, ie in a liquefied gas plant.
  • the subsystems of the liquefied gas system are clearly recognizable: the fluid unit 10, the consumer unit 90 and, in between, the line system 80.
  • the fluid unit 10 is preferably accommodated in a bottle crate.
  • a tank or a gas cylinder 30 is arranged, which serves to supply the system with the liquefied gas; Of course, this can also be a battery of several gas cylinders.
  • a shut-off valve 32 and a pressure reducer 35 is connected to the gas cylinder 30, a shut-off valve 32 and a pressure reducer 35 is connected.
  • the pressure reducer 35 reduces the high pressure of the gas cylinder 30 to a pressure P1 of 30 mbar for recreational vehicles or to 50 mbar for old systems.
  • the operating pressure applied to the pressure reducer35 is 150 mbar.
  • the pressure reducer 35 Via a feed line 40, the pressure reducer 35 is connected to the valve and sensor unit (VSE) 50.
  • the VSE indicates a vent derivate, to the environment, 75.
  • the environment has an ambient pressure P0.
  • the piping system 80 can be vented via the venting outlet.
  • the line system 80 also represents the supply derivation 80 of the VSE 50.
  • the volume 81 of the supply line or the line system 80 is depicted as a separate element.
  • the conduit system 80 may be of considerable length, depending on the type of vehicle in which it is installed, typically from less than 5 meters to over 20 meters.
  • the conduit system 80 may also include one or more leaks or leaks 85 that may be due to accident, misuse or wear.
  • the consumer unit 90 consists of the actual consumer 95 and a shut-off valve 92, via which the consumer 95 can be switched on and off.
  • the LPG system is put into operation by opening the shut-off valve 32.
  • opening the shut-off valve 32 and the VSE 50 is turned on, which interrupts the supply of the conduit system 80 with gas in case of leaks or malfunctions.
  • the use of the gas in the consumer 95 is made possible by opening the shut-off valve 92.
  • Fig. 2 schematically shows the details of the VSE 50.
  • the gas enters.
  • a first valve the release valve (FV) 60, on.
  • Parallel to the release valve 60 a calibrated limiter, the pilot leak 62, is arranged.
  • Parallel to this is a measuring device 67 is arranged, which is designed as a differential pressure measuring device.
  • a second valve, the vent valve (EV) 70, is used to vent the line system 80.
  • a limiter 72 Parallel to the vent valve 70, a limiter 72 is arranged, which represents a possible leak in the vent valve 70.
  • a further limiter, the flow restrictor of the vent line 74 is arranged.
  • the release valve 60 is closed and the vent valve 70 is opened. After venting prevails in the pipe system 80, the pressure P0 of the environment. The venting usually takes place when the vehicle is parked longer; however, it may also be performed to verify the correct functioning of the VSE or meter 67. The gas is withdrawn via the supply outlet 80, to the line system.
  • the operating modes of the VSE 50 are clarified: For venting the release valve 60 is closed and the vent valve 70 is opened. In normal operation, the release valve 60 is open and the vent valve 70 is closed. In lock mode, both valves 60, 70 are closed. The lockout mode occurs when the load 95 has been shut down or when an error has occurred. The lockout operation is also the preferred state during leak measurement.
  • Fig. 4 shows an example of a valve and sensor unit (VSE) 50 according to the invention, partially schematically in plan view.
  • VSE valve and sensor unit
  • the connections for the supply line 40th and the supply lead 80 and the wiring within the VSE main body 51 can be recognized as dashed lines.
  • the positions 60a and 70a are shown, on which the release valve 60 and the vent valve 70 are arranged, in an external view.
  • the differential pressure measuring device 67 is shown schematically at the edge of the VSE main body 51, one of which leads to the feed line 40 (on the release valve 60) and the other end of which leads to a feedthrough 80.
  • the differential pressure sensor in the differential pressure gauge 67 for example, the MPXV7007 type may be adopted by Freescale Semiconductor, which is implemented as a piezoresistive transducer.
  • Fig. 5 is the section AB through the release valve 60 and the VSE main body 51 of Fig. 4 , shown, wherein the vent valve 70 is shown in a view from the outside. Again, the connections for the supply line 40 and the supply lead 80 and the wiring within the VSE main body 51 can be seen as dashed lines.
  • the valve body 61 of the release valve 60 is shown in section. In this, a solenoid coil 64 is arranged. This acts on a valve piston 66, which is coupled to a return spring 65. When current flows through the solenoid 64, the valve piston 66 is drawn into the solenoid 64 and the valve 60 is opened in this way.
  • the pilot leak 62 is designed as a flow restrictor made of sintered metal.
  • a bypass hole is drilled in the sealing washer 63.
  • the vent valve 70 is constructed similar or the same as the release valve 60. It is shown here in the closed state, ie the sealing disc 73 is closed. The sealing disc 73 closes the vent hole 75 with the integrated flow restrictor 74, which is preferably designed as a 0.3 mm bore.

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Claims (13)

  1. Procédé en vue de la détection de défauts d'étanchéité dans un système de conduite en vue du transport de fluide, avec une conduite d'amenée (40) et au moins une dérivation de purge (75) et une dérivation d'alimentation (80), selon lequel
    • dans la conduite d'amenée (40), une première vanne (60) est disposée avec une vidange pilote (62), qui est un limiteur commuté en parallèle vers la première vanne (60),
    • dans la dérivation de purge (75) vers l'environnement, une seconde vanne (70) avec un limiteur (74) disposé en série,
    • et commuté en parallèle à la première vanne (60), un appareil de mesure en vue de la détermination d'une pression différentielle,
    caractérisé en ce que les étapes suivantes sont réalisées :
    a) Baisse d'une seconde pression (P2) dans la dérivation d'alimentation (80) et/ou dans la dérivation de purge (75) en amont de la seconde vanne (70), par ouverture de la seconde vanne (70) pour l'essentiel à une pression (P0) de l'environnement; et
    b) Détermination d'une pression différentielle maximale du fluide avec l'appareil de mesure (67) entre une première pression (P1) dans la conduite d'amenée (40) et la seconde pression (P2), lorsque la seconde pression (P2) est égale à la pression de l'environnement (P0) ;
    c) Calcul d'un débit volumétrique maximal de la vidange pilote (62) comme taux de fuite de la première vanne (60) ;
    d) Détermination constante de la pression différentielle entre la première pression (P1) dans la conduite d'amenée (40) et la seconde pression (P2) dans la dérivation d'alimentation (80) et calcul du débit volumétrique effectif, selon lequel
    - un débit volumétrique effectif calculé à partir de la pression différentielle, dont la valeur correspond approximativement au débit volumétrique maximal selon l'étape (b), indique une fuite (85) n'étant plus autorisée dans la dérivation d'alimentation (80), et
    - un débit volumétrique effectif calculé à partir de la pression différentielle, dont la valeur est inférieure à 100 % et supérieure à 0 % du débit volumétrique maximal selon l'étape (b), n'indique pour l'essentiel aucune fuite (85) dans la dérivation d'alimentation (80).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, selon lequel
    un débit volumétrique effectif, dont la valeur correspond à moins de 100 % et à plus de 5 %, de préférence entre moins de 100 % et plus de 10 % du débit volumétrique maximal selon l'étape (b), indique une fuite (85) dans la dérivation d'alimentation (80).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, avec au moins la dérivation de purge (75) et la seconde vanne (70) entre la dérivation d'alimentation (80) et l'environnement, selon lequel,
    avant la détermination de la pression différentielle selon l'étape (b),
    la pression (P2) dans la dérivation d'alimentation (80) est abaissée en ouvrant la seconde vanne (70) pour l'essentiel à la pression (P0) de l'environnement, et ici notamment un volume total de la la dérivation d'alimentation (80) est déterminé en ce que le débit volumétrique est intégré par la seconde vanne (70) et un limiteur (74) lors de la purge pendant la période jusqu'à ce que la pression (P0) de l'environnement soit atteinte, et notamment additionné numériquement.
  4. Procédé selon les revendications 1, 2 ou 3, selon lequel
    la première vanne (60), en vue de la détermination du débit volumétrique effectif est fermée entre la conduite d'amenée (40) et la dérivation d'alimentation (80), et
    la vidange pilote (62) est ouverte entre la conduite d'amenée (40) et le système de conduites (80).
  5. Procédé selon une quelconque des revendications précédentes, selon lequel
    le débit volumétrique maximal de la vidange pilote (62) est déterminé après la purge et à partir de l'augmentation de la pression, notamment immédiatement après la fermeture de la seconde vanne (70).
  6. Procédé selon une quelconque des revendications précédentes, selon lequel
    le débit volumétrique maximal de la vidange pilote (62) est calculé à partir de la résistance à l'écoulement de la vidange pilote (62), le débit volumétrique maximal présentant une valeur, de préférence entre 2 cm3/h et 50 cm3/h.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que
    un appareil de commande saisit et/ou détermine le débit volumétrique effectif et, notamment lorsque le débit volumétrique à travers la fuite (85) est supérieur ou égal au débit volumétrique par la vidange pilote (62), ferme la première vanne (60).
  8. Procédé selon une quelconque des revendications précédentes, selon lequel
    la pression différentielle est déterminée entre la pression (P1) dans la conduite d'amenée (40) et la pression (P2) dans la dérivation d'alimentation (80) et le débit volumétrique effectif est calculé lorsque la vanne d'arrêt (92) est ouverte.
  9. Procédé selon une quelconque des revendications précédentes, selon lequel
    sur la conduite d'amenée (40) du fluide est appliquée une surpression, de préférence une surpression inférieure à 0,15 bar, de préférence particulière entre 30 et 50 mbar, respectivement par rapport à la pression (P0) de l'environnement.
  10. Dispositif en vue de la détection de défauts d'étanchéité dans un système de conduite en vue du transport de fluide, avec une conduite d'amenée (40), au moins une dérivation de purge (75) et une dérivation d'alimentation (80), et un appareil de commande, selon lequel
    • dans la conduite d'amenée (40), une première vanne (60) est disposée avec une vidange pilote (62), qui est un limiteur commuté en parallèle vers la première vanne (60),
    • dans la dérivation de purge (75) vers l'environnement, une seconde vanne (70) avec un limiteur (74) disposé en série, et
    • commuté en parallèle à la première vanne (60), un appareil de mesure en vue de la détermination d'une pression différentielle,
    et
    l'appareil de commande présente au moins des entrées pour les valeurs de l'appareil de mesure (67) et des sorties en vue de la commande de la première vanne (60) et de la seconde vanne (70),
    caractérisé en ce que
    dans l'appareil de commande, un procédé selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9 est implémenté.
  11. Dispositif selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que
    la première vanne (60) et/ou la seconde vanne (70) peut être ouverte ou fermée électromagnétiquement ou pneumatiquement, notamment fermée par commande forcée.
  12. Dispositif selon les revendications 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce que
    l'alimentation électrique de l'appareil de commande présente une limitation de courant, de préférence une limitation de courant contre le dépassement momentané d'un courant maximal, de préférence particulière une limitation de courant irréversible.
  13. Utilisation d'un dispositif selon les revendications 10, 11 ou 12 dans un environnement stationnaire et/ou mobile, de préférence sur un véhicule routier, un véhicule aérien ou un véhicule aquatique.
EP15158500.7A 2014-03-11 2015-03-10 Dispositif et procédé de blocage de sécurité d'installations à gaz liquéfié Not-in-force EP2918894B1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014103238.1A DE102014103238A1 (de) 2014-03-11 2014-03-11 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Sicherheitsabsperrung von Flüssiggasanlagen

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016112888A1 (de) * 2016-07-13 2018-01-18 Truma Gerätetechnik GmbH & Co. KG Flüssiggasanlage
DE102016215323A1 (de) * 2016-08-17 2018-02-22 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Ventils eines Druckbehältersystems sowie Druckbehältersystem
CN109404743B (zh) * 2018-12-21 2020-09-25 北京高安屯垃圾焚烧有限公司 供水管道泄漏保护系统

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DE3445281A1 (de) * 1984-12-12 1986-06-19 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln Verfahren und vorrichtung zur dichtigkeitspruefung zweier absperrventile in einer gasdurchstroemten leitung
DE3810998A1 (de) * 1988-03-31 1989-10-19 Eckardt Ag Verfahren zur erfassung von aenderungen einer vorgegebenen geometrie eines durchstroemten rohrleitungsnetzes
US5621164A (en) * 1995-01-27 1997-04-15 Woodbury; H. Allan Leak test system
DE19542890C1 (de) * 1995-11-17 1997-07-17 Hansaconsult Ingenieurgesellsc Verfahren zur Erkennung von Leckagen in Rohrleitungen
DE19652372A1 (de) * 1996-12-17 1998-06-18 Zinser Textilmaschinen Gmbh Pneumatische Belastungsvorrichtung eines Streckwerkes in einer Spinnmaschine
DE19942185A1 (de) * 1999-09-03 2001-03-15 Linator Ag Liestal Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Ermittlung von Leckage- oder Nutzvolumen- oder -massenströmen
DE102008039563B3 (de) * 2008-08-25 2010-01-21 Continental Automotive Gmbh Verfahren zum Detektieren einer Drift und/oder einer Leckage einer fluidischen Einrichtung

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