EP2917611A1 - Ensemble piston/chambre - moteur vanderblom - Google Patents

Ensemble piston/chambre - moteur vanderblom

Info

Publication number
EP2917611A1
EP2917611A1 EP12758741.8A EP12758741A EP2917611A1 EP 2917611 A1 EP2917611 A1 EP 2917611A1 EP 12758741 A EP12758741 A EP 12758741A EP 2917611 A1 EP2917611 A1 EP 2917611A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
piston
wall
longitudinal
motor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP12758741.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Nicolaas Van Der Blom
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NVB COMPOSITES INTERNATIONAL UK Ltd
Original Assignee
NVB Composites International UK Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=46845657&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP2917611(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by NVB Composites International UK Ltd filed Critical NVB Composites International UK Ltd
Priority to EP12758741.8A priority Critical patent/EP2917611A1/fr
Publication of EP2917611A1 publication Critical patent/EP2917611A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J1/00—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers
    • F16J1/005—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers obtained by assembling several pieces
    • F16J1/006—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers obtained by assembling several pieces of different materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B33/00—Pumps actuated by muscle power, e.g. for inflating
    • F04B33/005—Pumps actuated by muscle power, e.g. for inflating specially adapted for inflating tyres of non-motorised vehicles, e.g. cycles, tricycles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/1423—Component parts; Constructional details
    • F15B15/1428—Cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/1423—Component parts; Constructional details
    • F15B15/1447—Pistons; Piston to piston rod assemblies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/1423—Component parts; Constructional details
    • F15B15/1447—Pistons; Piston to piston rod assemblies
    • F15B15/1452—Piston sealings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/149—Fluid interconnections, e.g. fluid connectors, passages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/3207—Constructional features
    • F16F9/3214—Constructional features of pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/3207—Constructional features
    • F16F9/3235—Constructional features of cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J10/00—Engine or like cylinders; Features of hollow, e.g. cylindrical, bodies in general
    • F16J10/02—Cylinders designed to receive moving pistons or plungers

Definitions

  • a piston-chamber combination comprising a chamber which is bounded by an inner chamber wall and comprising an piston inside said chamber wall to be engagingly movable relative to said chamber wall at least between first and second longitudinal positions of said chamber, said chamber having cross-sections of different cross-sectional areas and differing circumpherential lengths at the first and second longitudinal positions of said chamber and at least substantially continuously different cross- sectional areas and different circumpherential length at intermediate longitudinal positions between the first and second longitudinal positions thereof, the cross-sectional area at the first longitudinal position being larger than the cross-sectional area at the second longitudinal position, said actuator piston comprising a container having an elastically deformable container wall for engagingly contact with the chamber wall, said container being elastically deformable to provide for different cross-sectional areas and differing circumferential lengths of the piston for adaptation to said different cross-sectional areas and different circumferential lengths of said chamber during the relative movements of said piston between the first and second longitudinal positions through said intermediate longitudinal positions of said chamber the actuator piston is produced to have a production-size of the
  • This invention deals with solutions for alternatively and efficiently functioning actuators, in relation to existing actuators, and with the important goal of such actuators for fighting climate change, in motors, and specifically car motors. Additionally deals this invention with solutions for an efficient shock absorber, and a pump.
  • This invention deals specifically with solutions for the problem of obtaining a motor, which does not use combustible techniques of oil derivatives like petrol, diesel, and which can compete with current motors based on said combustible technics. And additionally to comply with the demand for reducing C0 2 - emission, so as to compete as well with combustible motors based on H 2 , or even air, as it does not need new distribution networks for providing the energy source for the motor.
  • the new combustible motors based on 3 ⁇ 4, or even air are lacking the distribution network for deliverance of the energy sources for said motors, such as petrol stations today for the delivery of petrol, diesel and NLG gas. Even the current motor functioning on air needs 'filling' stations for providing the necessary high compressed air in large and heavy cylinders - the lack of such a distribution network was the reason why said motor on air is constructed in such a way that is also can function on combustible means e.g. petrol or diesel - thus back to the Otto Motor again, which ought to be avoided.
  • combustible means e.g. petrol or diesel - thus back to the Otto Motor again, which ought to be avoided.
  • the object is to provide combinations of a piston and a chamber to be used in pumps, actuators, shock absorbers and the use of said actuators in among others a motor.
  • the invention relates to a combination of a piston and a chamber, wherein: the combination comprises means for introducing fluid from a position
  • a classic actuator piston is positioned in a straight cylinder, and said piston is comprising a piston rod. It is moving as a consequence of a pressure difference between both sides of said piston - the last mentioned may be a piston, which is made of a non-elastic material and comprising at least a sealing ring, sealing the piston to the cylinder wall, in which the piston is relatively moving to said cylinder.
  • a piston rod may be guided by a bearing on one or both sides of the cylinder.
  • the piston rod outside the cylinder may be pushing or pulling an external device. It may also be engaging a crank shaft, so that a rotation occurs of the crank shaft axel, which may result in motion of e.g. a vehicle, comprising said actuator and crank shaft.
  • the actuator piston when positioned in a straight cylinder may also be an inflatable piston, e.g. a container type piston according to claim 5 and claims 28 and 34 of EP 1 179 140 Bl.
  • said inflatable piston has been pressurized inside, its, preferably reinforced, wall may engage or seal, respectively to the wall of the cylinder, and may act regarding its motion in said cylinder, as the above mentioned classic piston in said straight cylinder.
  • a valve on both sides of the piston e.g. in the wall of the chamber, may be necessary, and a fluid in the cylinder on both sides of said piston with a certain pressure difference, preferably controlled by control means.
  • Changing the size of the pressure inside the last mentioned container wall may only have an influence on the ability to engage or seal of said piston wall to the wall of the chamber. Still, through the friction between the wall of the container, and the wall of the chamber, said internal pressure may have influence on the- speed of the motion of the piston.
  • An actuator according to the invention is a piston chamber combination which has an inflatable piston.
  • the piston Inside the piston may preferably be a fluid and/or a foam under a certain pressure, the piston of which its wall comprising material(s) and preferably reinforcement(s) may allow it to change shape and/or size, and the piston may be moving in the chamber or vice versa preferably without the need for a fluid in the chamber and/or without a pressure difference of said fluid or foam on both sides of the piston in the chamber - a fluid in the chamber may of course still be present as e.g. air at atmospheric pressure, e.g. for control purposes.
  • a further necessary parameter may be that the wall of the chamber is not parallel to the centre axis of said chamber, while the angle of said chamber wall in the direction of the intended motion of the piston has a positive value, so that the piston can expand in said direction. Expansion may preferably be done from a second longitudinal position of the piston, where the piston has its smallest circumferential size: its stressfree production size, to a first longitudinal position of said piston, where the piston has its biggest circumferential size - please see EP 1 384 004 Bl .
  • the motion of the piston may be initiated by the forces towards the inner chamber wall of said container type piston which arise, when the container is expanding.
  • said motion may be initiated by reaction forces from the wall of the chamber to the wall of the container.
  • These forces are a reaction on the expansion of the wall of said container, and said expansion may be a consequence of increasing the volume and/or pressure of the fluid in the piston, as a result of the introduction of more fluid through an enclosed space from a position outside said piston to said container.
  • the contact between the wall of the container and the wall of the chamber may be engagingly or sealingly. It depends more or less on the load on the piston rod, as said prototype reveals. With no load on the actuator, the contact may be engagingly, and not sealingly. With a load on the actuator, the driving forces on the container are bigger than in the case without a load on said actuator, which is why there may be enough force on the chamber wall from the wall of the container, so that the contact between said walls is sealingly. It may also be that during a move of the piston the contact with the wall of the chamber may be sequentially engagingly and sealingly.
  • the reasoning why the piston is moving may be as follows. If the longitudinal component of the reaction force from the wall of the chamber to the wall of the container, which is directed to a first longitudinal piston position, is bigger than the longitudinal component of the friction force between the wall of the chamber and the wall of the piston, which is directed to a second longitudinal piston position, the total resulting force will be directed toward a first longitudinal piston position, and consequently the piston will move from second to first longitudinal positions. As preferably the end of the container closest to a second longitudinal piston position is fastened to the piston rod by a cab (192), the piston rod will move as well.
  • a self-propelling actuator has been born, which may be the alternative for a piston which is moving by a pressure difference outside said piston, inside the chamber.
  • the other end of the container slidingly movable over the piston rod by means of a cab (191), which means to that the expansion of said container brings said cabs (191) and (192) closer to each other, by the movement of cab (1 1) toward the cab (192) over the piston rod.
  • This is due to the chosen reinforcement of the wall of the container, which is preferably a one layer of reinforcement strings directed from cab (191) to cab (192), which lies in a plane which is parallel to the centre axis of said chamber (e.g. WO2004/031583, Fig.8D), and optionally with a slight angle with the centre axis of the chamber and/or at least two layers of reinforcements crossing each other with a very small angle.
  • the component of the resulting force toward first longitudinal piston positions will increase and will become rapidly bigger than the friction component, so that the part of the container closest to the second longitudinal piston position is moving with increasing speed toward first longitudinal piston positions, thereby taking the non-movable cap (192) with it, thus also the piston rod - the piston is moving from a second to a first longitudinal piston position.
  • the overpressure is measured in relation to the atmospheric pressure, which is why when the piston may be positioned inside a closed chamber, the last mentioned may need on both sides of the piston to be able to communicate with its surroundings of the combination, which may preferably be under atmospheric pressure.
  • the fluid in the chamber may communicate with an enclosed chamber space, so that fluid in the chamber is not prohibiting said movement of said piston.
  • This is a concept which may be used in a shock absorber.
  • Whether or not an enclosed chamber space or a channel to the atmospheric surroundings may be necessary depends on the sealing ability of the piston to the chamber wall. A leakage of the piston to the wall may also due, and may be present, as a 100% sealing of the piston to the chamber wall may not be necessary (engaging).
  • a channel which connects the spaces of the chamber on each side of said container may be interconnected by a channel, which said piston is comprising.
  • Said piston may comprising an enclosed space, e.g. a hollow piston rod.
  • the inside of said piston may be communicating with said enclosed space.
  • the volume of said enclosed space may be constant or variable, and adjustable.
  • Said enclosed space may be communicating with a pressure source.
  • the invention relates to a combination of a piston and a chamber, wherein: A piston-chamber combination further comprising means for removing fluid from said container through said enclosed space to a position outside the piston, thereby enabling contraction of said container.
  • the movement during the return part of the stroke of said piston from its first longitudinal position to a second longitudinal position may be done by at least three possible ways.
  • the invention relates to a combination of a piston and a chamber, wherein: the piston is movable relative to said chamber wall at least from first to second longitudinal positions of said chamber. It may be possible to move the piston from first to second longitudinal positions, without engaging the wall of the chamber. This may be done by reducing the pressure inside the piston to a minimum level, e.g. that the wall of the piston is stressfree and its cixcumference is that of its production size at a pressure when it was produced (e.g. the atmospheric pressure), so that the piston can arrive at a second longitudinal position without jamming.
  • a minimum level e.g. that the wall of the piston is stressfree and its cixcumference is that of its production size at a pressure when it was produced (e.g. the atmospheric pressure)
  • the invention relates to a combination of a piston and a chamber, wherein the piston is comprising a piston rod, which is comprising said enclosed space.
  • the piston is comprising engaging means outside said chamber.
  • the suspension of the piston rod may be special, e.g. according to those bearing types shown in WO2008/025391, in order to guide the piston during said part of the stroke, without the guidance of the piston itself, if the piston would not engage the wall of the chamber.
  • the piston rod may be extending from the piston in one longitudinal direction, and guided by a bearing at an end of the chamber. That means that the piston rod may comprising the enclosed space, and also comprising an engaging means, e.g. positioned outside the chamber.
  • the engaging means may be pushing or pulling when the piston is moving from second to first longitudinal positions. The other way around would the engaging means not be able to push nor to pull.
  • a force outside the piston may be driving the piston from first to second longitudinal positions.
  • a force on the piston rod may be driving the piston, when the piston is comprising the piston rod. This may be accomplished by said engaging means.
  • the piston is comprising a piston rod which extends in two longitudinal directions, and one piston rod may normally be a continuation of the other.
  • One or both piston rods may comprising engaging means, e.g. positioned outside the chamber.
  • both piston rod ends may extend outside the chamber, one bearing of the piston rod may be fastened rigidly to the chamber, while the other may be floating in relation to the chamber.
  • the engaging means may be pulling and pushing at the same time, when the piston is moving from second to first longitudinal positions. The other way around - the return stroke - would the engaging means not be able to push nor to pull.
  • a force outside the piston may be driving the piston from first to second longitudinal positions.
  • a force on the piston rod may be driving the piston, when the piston is comprising the piston rod. This may be accomplished by said engaging means.
  • the invention relates to a combination of a piston and a chamber, of which the piston rod is connected to a crankshaft, wherein: a crank is adapted to translate the motion of the piston between
  • crank is translating its rotation into a movement of the piston from first to second longitudinal positions of the piston.
  • the engaging means may be a crankshaft, which is connected to the piston by said piston rod.
  • the crankshaft In order to be able to at least initiate the motion of the piston from first to second longitudinal positions of the chamber, the crankshaft should turn before said motion commences by said piston, so that the impuls of the contra weights of said crankshaft generated by the motion of the piston from second to first longitudinal positions can be transferred to the piston.
  • the motion of the piston between first and second longitudinal positions may be done by the motion of the crankshaft, initiated by e.g. another piston-chamber combination, of which the piston is simultaneously moving from second to first positions of its chamber (at least two cylinder, working together on the same crankshaft).
  • the initial motion of the piston may done be e.g. an electric motor, which initiates and shortly maintains the rotation of the crankshaft - a kind of starter motor - until the crankshaft is turning by a piston chamber combination.
  • an electric motor which initiates and shortly maintains the rotation of the crankshaft - a kind of starter motor - until the crankshaft is turning by a piston chamber combination.
  • the invention relates to a combination of a piston and a chamber, of which the piston rod is connected to a crankshaft, wherein: the crankshaft is comprising a second enclosed space. the second enclosed space is communicating with a power source.
  • the crankshaft may be hollow and comprising a second enclosed space. This means that the crankshaft axel and its contraweights are hollow, in such a way, that these together form a channel from a container type piston toward the end of the crankshaft axel. With an O-ring sealing may this channel be communicating with a pressure source
  • crankshaft inclusively the axis bearing of said crankshaft, so that it may be communicate with an external power source.
  • the invention relates to a combination of a piston and a chamber, wherein:
  • said second enclosed space is communicating with the first enclosed space in the piston rod during a period of the time when the piston is moving from first to second longitudinal positions of the chamber.
  • the piston may be depressurized to a certain pressure level at which the piston was produced, and this may be done by connecting the first enclosed space in the piston to the second enclosed space in the crankshaft the necessary period of time during the time when the piston is moving from first to second longitudinal positions.
  • the pressure level under which the piston was produced may not be atmospheric pressure, but may be any pressure level. The higher the pressure level is, the less energy may be lost, when the first and second enclosed space are connecting to each other.
  • the invention relates to a combination of a piston and a chamber, wherein:
  • crankshaft is comprising a third enclosed space, which is communicating with the first enclosed space of the piston rod during a period of the time when the piston is moving from second to first longitudinal positions of the chamber.
  • This third enclosed space has the function to pressurize the piston again, when its movement changes direction from moving toward a final second longitudinal position of the chamber towards a first longitudinal position of the chamber.
  • the pressurization is done by connecting the third enclosed space, which has overpressure in relation to the first enclosed space, to the first enclosed space. Pressurization may be done as quickly as possible after the motion of the piston has changed direction.
  • the invention relates to a combination of a piston and a chamber, wherein:
  • said third enclosed space is communcating said second enclosed space during a period of the time when the piston is moving from second to first longitudinal positions of the chamber.
  • a shock absorber comprising:
  • the engaging means for engaging the piston from a position outside the chamber, wherein the engaging means have an outer position where the piston is at the first longitudinal position of the chamber, and an inner position where the piston is at the second longitudinal position.
  • a shock absorber may further comprising an enclosed space, which may communicating with the container.
  • the enclosed space may have has a variable volume, or a constant volume.
  • the volume may be adjustable.
  • a shock absorber may comprise the container and the enclosed space which may forming an at least substantially sealed cavity comprising a fluid, the fluid may be compressed when the piston moves from the first to the second longitudinal positions of the chamber.
  • a pump for pumping a fluid may comprising means for engaging a second piston in a second chamber from a position outside the chamber, a fluid entrance connected to the second chamber and comprising a valve means, and a fluid exit connected to the second chamber.
  • a pump wherein the engaging means may have an outer position where the piston may be at the first longitudinal position of the chamber, and an inner position where the piston may be at the second longitudinal position of the chamber.
  • a pump, wherein the engaging means may have an outer position where the piston may be at the second longitudinal position of the chamber, and an inner position where the piston may be at the first longitudinal position of the chamber.
  • the technology of the piston-chamber combination may be used in a motor, specifically in a car motor - specifically the self-propelling actuator.
  • the piston may also move relatively with the tapered wall, within a chamber, which may be cylindrical, or conical (not shown).
  • the chamber in which the ( actuator) piston is positioned may be of the type wherein said chamber may be comprising internal convex shaped walls of longitudinal cross-sectioned sections near a first longitudinal position, said section may be updivided from each other by a common border, a distance between two following common borders defines the height of the walls of said longitudinal cross- sectional sections, said heights are decreasing by an increasing internal overpressure rate of said piston, or in the direction from first to second longitudinal position the transversal length of the cross- sectional common borders may be determined by the maximum work force, which may be chosen constant for said common borders. Additionally may said chamber comprising a wall of a cross-sectional border which is parallel to the centre axis of said chamber.
  • said piston-chamber combination may comprise a transition between said convex shaped walls and said parallel wall when said transition may be comprising at least a concave shaped wall, which may be positioned near a second longitudinal position.
  • said piston-chamber combination may comprise a concave shaped wall, which may be positioned at least on one side to a convex shaped wall.
  • the overall system solution regarding this invention is, that said 'green' motor as such may be based on comparable construction elements as currently used in combustible engines, but that the new construction elements need to function much more efficiently than those of current combustible motors, and so much more, that the energy used, may be obtained from preferably a 'green' energy source, e.g. like the sun, combustion of H 2 generated preferably when the motor is running by e.g. electrolyses, or optionally by a H 2 refillable storage tank + fuel cell, and/or from a pressure storage vessel, containing a pressurized fluid, preferably of low pressure (e.g. approx. 10 Bar), optionally of high pressure (e.g.
  • ⁇ 300 Bar filled once and for all while the motor is produced and preferably repressurized during operation of said motor, optionally refilled when the motor is out of operation, and/or a battery, charged when the motor is produced, and preferably continuously recharged when the motor is running, and/or optionally recharged when the motor is not running, and from the system itself, preferably because the energy needed may be less than the available total energy which the system may perform for the task of generating motion, optionally from another power source
  • WO2000/070227 discloses a piston-chamber combination technology which can save a substantial amount of energy e.g. up to 65% energy for a pump at 8 Bar (the current working pressure of car motors) - e.g.
  • WO2004/031583 discloses an expandable piston type (e.g. ellipsoide ⁇ sphere: small sphere ⁇ big sphere) which is not jamming in said chamber, when the non-stressed production size of a piston has a circumference, which is approximately the size of the circumference of that part of said chamber which has the smallest cross- sectional area: this may be at a second longitudinal position.
  • an expandable piston type e.g. ellipsoide ⁇ sphere: small sphere ⁇ big sphere
  • the actuator is self-propelling, if said piston is pressurized through its enclosed space from a pressure source outside said chamber, at said second longitudinal position, and when there is no pressure difference between both sides of said piston in said chamber, while there is an angle not being zero between the wall of the chamber and the centre axis of said chamber - in a working prototype is the actuator piston expanding and rocketing with 260 N to first longimdinal piston positions, where the cross-sectional area is largest, in a chamber which has been designed having a constant maximum working force of 260 N (WO2008/025391, WO2009/083274).
  • This phenomenon may be used in this 'green' motor, thereby exchanging motion based on energy derived from combustible technics, however still using a crankshaft.
  • the energy used due to the expansion may be approximately 5 Bars (e.g. from 10 Bar to 5 Bar overpressure, due to an increase of the piston's volume), e.g. from ellipsoide ⁇ sphere by a constant volume of the enclosed space (WO2009/083274).
  • This pressure drop has to be re-gained in the system, because in the return stroke, the actuator piston needs to become unstressed at a second longitudinal piston position, where it has its production size, thus with e.g. 0 bar internal overpressure.
  • the 5 Bar overpressure at first longitudinal piston positions can be re-used, when the piston's enclosed space is connected to another enclosed space, which may be positioned e.g. within the crankshaft, and which is through an e.g. two-stepped pumping process, increasing the pressure from 5 Bar to 10 Bars again.
  • This may be done efficiently by using another aspect of the piston-chamber combination technology which is disclosed in WO2000/070227, so that in the repressurization process also a 65% energy may be saved: e.g. by using a piston based on e.g. claim 1 of EP1179140B1 or on Figs.5A - 5H of WO2000/065235, of which further developments are additionally claimed in this invention.
  • an electric motor which receives its electricity " from said battery charged optionally by a solar cell (which should not be bigger than a roof of a common car, or a solar cells, incorporated in the paint of a car), or optionally by a fuel cell, or preferably by an alternator, which may gets its rotation from an axle of the system of the motor itself or from an axle of a small H 2 combustible engine.
  • a solar cell which should not be bigger than a roof of a common car, or a solar cells, incorporated in the paint of a car
  • a fuel cell or preferably by an alternator, which may gets its rotation from an axle of the system of the motor itself or from an axle of a small H 2 combustible engine.
  • a problem remaining may be driving during a long time in the dark of the night, when solely a solar cell may be used for recharging said battery.
  • the light of lamps of lamp posts in the streets of a town may give enough light for the solar energy cell.
  • a gearbox may be necessary, because the rpm's of such a 'green' motor may be lower than that of current combustible motors.
  • the total efficiency of a motor type according to this invention may then come under 10%, namely 8,75%, by the self-propelling actuator piston, and this is up to now may be unprecedented (David JC Mackay, Sustainable Energy - without the hot air - 2009).
  • the pumps for regenerating pressure shown in this invention, again are using the piston-chamber combination types according this invention, than another 65% of energy may be saved.
  • a part of the energy used for pumping may come from another energy source (than from the total motor power), such as a battery, charged by e.g. solar energy (photovoltaic) and/or a fuel cell (e.g. a H 2 ), from a flywheel or from regenerative braking devices coupled to a generator, than the total used energy still may end under 10%.
  • Fig. 11G, 15C or 15D and Fig.l3F,G and Fig.l4D may be the most efficient (simple construction, almost isothermal thermodynamics), and may additionally be the most reliable (no leaks), and of which the configuration of Fig. 13F,G and Fig.HD is without the use of a crank generating rotation, will the configuration of Fig. 13F be used in a quantitative assessment of a car motor.
  • the change of the volume of said sphere may be quite big: from
  • the energy used for the "virtual" compressing the volume of said actuator piston at a first longitudinal position (index 1) to the volume at a second longitudinal position (index 2) for one cylinder for one complete stroke Li is:
  • the energy may come from the kinetic energy from said rotating chambers, where e.g. the piston of a classic piston-chamber combination is being moved by a camshaft, which is communicating with a main motor axle of said motor. If we use the data, which have been used for calculating the motor power, than the change in pressure of the inflatable sphere piston may be done by changing the volume of the enclosed space of said actuator piston, by changing the volume 'under' the classic piston.
  • the volume change per piston per stroke needed by the actuator piston from a second to a first longitudinal position, thus from a small sphere shape ( ⁇ 25,1 mm) with a medium internal pressure (3,5 Bar) to a bigger sphere shape ( ⁇ 46,9 mm) with a low pressure (0,5 Bar), with a constant volume of the enclosed space is done by the internal pressure change of said actuator piston.
  • the Force is 260N/stroke/piston, irrespective the internal force, thus with 8 chambers, each comprising 5 pistons, and with 3 revolutions per second, the generated power is: 4,4 kW.
  • a present compressor has the following specification 220V, 170 1 min, 2,2kW, 8 Bar, pressure storage vessel 100 1.
  • Even if a battery is a 24V battery, the current will be 825/24 34,4 A - this is very much for a battery, and consequently would many batteries be available, in the motor configuration Figs.
  • the 825 W needs to be generated by said combustible motor - this may be a 24cc / 66cc (VW Golf Mark II has motor of 53kW, 1600cc, ⁇ 90mm, 4 cylinder ⁇ 825W is approx. 24cc, 90mm one cylinder or if 3x faster: 2,2kW is approx. 66cc, 90mm one cylinder) classic motor, using the Otto cycle, which may be compared with a big currently used moped motor.
  • a moped has been shown on television for a couple of months ago, using a electrolyses of water, stored in a tank (originally for gasoline), and using the generated H 2 for the combustion process - this is feasible.
  • Controlling said motor according to said first principle according to Fig. 1 A is a new aspect as well - for one actuator piston-chamber combination per crankshaft is this as follows.
  • the pressure storage vessel may have been pressurized by an external pressure source once and for all, thus at the production of the motor.
  • Said actuator piston may start by means of an electric starting motor, using the battery, which has been charged by the solar cells, and/or by a classic dynamo, which is turned around by the main axle of said motor.
  • Said starting motor is initially turning the crankshaft, and as a consequence of that movement said actuator piston is being pressurized internally - the pressurization of the actuator piston will thereafter take over the initiative of the movement of said actuator piston, and consequently the initiation of the turning of said crankshaft.
  • Said starting motor may then be decoupled from said crankshaft.
  • the motor is starting by means of opening up the pressure storage vessel 814, so that fluid 822 is pressurizing said actuator piston internally, which is initiating the movement of said piston - please see Fig.1 B.
  • Speeding up said motor that is to say, speeding up the rotation of said crankshaft may be done by raising the pressure inside said actuator piston, by means of opening up a so-called reduction valve between said pressure vessel and said actuator piston in the (lead) line [829]. Slowing down the rotation of said crankshaft may be done by reducing the pressure inside said actuator piston, by closing down the opening of said reduction valve.
  • Both in the wall of the crank of the crankshaft and at the end of the piston rod may be holes, which communicate with a second and third enclosed space, and the enclosed space, respectively. At a certain point of time may these holes communicating with each other, so that the enclosed space of the actuator piston may be communicating with the second or the third enclosed space within the crankshaft - while communicating with the second enclosed space, the piston may then be pressurized through its enclosed space and may be moving from a second to a first longitudinal position in the chamber. While communicating with the third enclosed space, deflation of the piston may occur when the piston may be moving from a first to a second longitudinal position.
  • the main piston pump (818) initiates the decrease of pressure in the third enclosed space in the crankshaft and the decrease of the pressure in the enclosed space in the piston rod, due to the interrelated default positions of the crankshaft of the pump, and of the crankshaft of the actuator piston, respectively, which may be assembled on the same axle.
  • More than one actuator piston-chamber combination in said motor may be present on the same axle. This concept however may not be helpfull complying to said specifications. As it is with current combustion motors, more than one piston-chamber combination per axle may make the motor running more smoothly. And, of course, the torque will be increased on said axle.
  • the crankshaft itself may be an inefficient way to generate rotational motion, and moreover, the stroke length of this type of piston-chamber combination may be larger than that of e.g. a current combustion motor - that is to say, that the r(otation)p(er)m(inute)'s of said crankshaft may be substantially lower than that of a current combustion motor.
  • a gear may be necessary, and the gearing ratios may be different from that of current combustion motors.
  • the gearbox may reduce the efficiency with say 25%, and said efficiency may be improved (by say 50%) by using low friction bearings such as Fluid Dynamic Bearings.
  • a clutch may be needed. Thus the 33.2% of energy needed for a car motor should come from e.g.
  • this new type of motor may be a kind of a 'green' Wankel Motor.
  • a still better use of energy may be obtained by a motor without a crankshaft, using the same principle as above mentioned, at least for the propulsion system.
  • this decreased use of energy specifically be obtained in a chamber around a circleround centre line, which may be concentrically positioned around the main axle of said motor, by reducing the distance from a 1 st rotational position to a 2 nd rotational position of a piston in said chamber to approximately the radius of said piston, so that the motor almost continuously may be powering said axle.
  • a conical chamber wherein a piston may function as a self-propelled actuator, may be bended circularly in the longitudinal direction, and may be filling 360° or a part of it. There may be at least one piston functioning in said chamber.
  • the motor may comprising one of more actuator piston-chamber combinations, which may be using the same axel.
  • In the center of the circular motion of said actuator piston and/or said chamber may be an axle, which may be connected to the construction elements which makes a car or another vehicle run, such as wheels c.q. a propeller.
  • a (smaller) sphere to (bigger) sphere and vice versa type actuator piston may be used (e.g. WO2002/077457 Figs. 6A-H, 9A-C), which due to its symmetrical form enables a less complex construction for the bearings of the piston rod.
  • the- piston rod may be positioned through said actuator piston perpendicular to the plane where the centre axis of said circularly formed chamber lies.
  • Said actuator piston may be moving in said chamber, because of the fact that said chamber is identically shaped as the straight chamber which was used when using a transitionally moving piston, but now, circularly.
  • the size of the part of the wall of said piston which lies behind the transitional centre axis of said piston perpendicular the centre axis of said chamber, and a direct line from the centre of the piston to the place where chamber and piston engaging (or sealing or both), is substantially smaller than that of the ellipsoide ⁇ sphere piston which is translating on the centre axis of an elongate chamber. That is why the assumed power which each actuator piston (sphere - sphere) has, may be less than of a ellipsoide ⁇ sphere actuator piston. This calls for a motor, where more than one actuator piston per chamber is being used.
  • actuator piston is moving interruptedly (please see later), and more than one piston in the same 360° chamber, may create a smooth motion.
  • said actuator piston(s) having expanded to its maximum, a very short moment occurs, that the pressure within said actuator piston is decreasing, and this may also give a 'moment of hesitation' in the motion - in order that one actuator piston is overcoming 'hesitations' in the motion of another actuator piston, said actuator pistons may be positioned on different positions on the centre axis of said chamber.
  • the number of actuator pistons may be five, equally divided over the 360°.
  • the major advantage of such a rotational motor may be, that the length of the return stroke of an actuator piston from a 1 st circular position to a 2nd circular position has been substantially reduced in comparison with the crankshaft option and may be at least the size of the biggest radius of the piston at a 1st circular position, because the circular 1 st position and the circular 2 nd position are in direct continuation of each other in the direction of rotation.
  • each of the actuator pistons may be connected by a channel to a valve which may be able to increase / decrease the pressure in said actuator pistons.
  • Said valves may be computer steered, so that the pressure inside each actuator piston is optimal to its position in said chamber. Additionally may be accomplished that said computer is steering the pressure from a pressure vessel, which is serving as a pressure source, so that the distribution of the available pressure in each of the actuator pistons may optimize the use of the available fluid pressure for said actuator pistons.
  • a second option is e.g. by a very short change in the volume of the enclosed space. This change may be done by a movable piston which is sealingly connected to the wall of e.g.
  • a piston moving within said chamber may have a piston rod, which may be communicating with a camdisk, which may be connected to the axle on which the motor is mounted. At the end of a piston rod may be a wheel, which is rolling over said camdisk.
  • the 360° chamber may turn around an axle, of which centre axis may be crossing the centre of said chamber.
  • Said chamber may be part of a wheel, and the outerpart of said wheel may have a notch, in which a drive belt, which may be driving auxiliary devices, such as a electric generator.
  • the type of motor where the chamber is rotating and the piston(s) non-moving the less complex solution of the two options of rotatable motors.
  • the generated torque better, e.g. 5x in said solution, because there are 5x more pistons per chamber of the same dimensions.
  • the most reliable system may be a fixed piston in a rotating chamber.
  • An advantage may be, that the motor may be comprising more than one piston, e.g. 5 pistons, which each may be positioned at different rotational positions, which may make the motor turning smoothly, because the transition of a piston from its 1 st rotational position to its 2 nd rotational position may be powered by e.g. 4 other pistons.
  • a gearbox may be unnessary, as the pressure rate of the fluid inside the piston will define the speed of the main axle - this necessary pressure window may easily be obtained by the construction of this motor, while this pressure may easily be defined by a speeder.
  • a gearbox may be superfluously and that adds to a further weight reduction of approx. 50 kg.
  • the VW Golf Mark ⁇ conversion has now been additionally reduced to approx. 350 kg.
  • the TWR is now approx. 5,6.
  • Controlling the rotational motor may be done in a similar way as the controlling of the motor with translating pistons (or even with translating chambers and non-moving pistons, or even when both are moving - not shown).
  • Controlling means putting into function, starting up, speeding up, slowing down, powering up, stopping, and taking the motor out of use.
  • Putting the motor into function may be done by en electrical on/off switch, which is switching on the electrical system, and another switch which is connecting the starter motor to the electricity circuit, so that it is connecting to the axle, and turning.
  • a starter motor which is using electricity from a starter battery, which itself is loaded by electricity from a solar energy.
  • the starter motor may be turning said axle, and so initiate the rotation.
  • the pressure management may be done as follows.
  • a mechanical solution as the change of pressure is of a certain frequency: e.g. a camshaft, which is communicating with the drive shaft through a time belt.
  • the camshaft may be pressing a flexible membrane which is communicating with said fluid, of which the pressure needs to be managed.
  • the chamber comprising one instead of e.g. 4 sub- chambers, so that the pressure needs to change only once.
  • a still more reliable system may be obtained by a new principle according to Figs. 1 IF and 13F for the pressure management, namely by separating the fluid in the piston and the enclosed space, from the fluid in the repressurization stages - the change of pressure in the piston may be obtained by a change of volume of the enclosed space of the piston.
  • the improved reliability may relate to reducing the number of transitions of pressurized fluid, which may leak.
  • the controlling devices be using energy for changing the volume of the enclosed space. This may very well be done so that also here energy is being reduced, by using again a piston (e.g.
  • the change (and consumption) of pressure of a fluid within an inflatable piston may also be done in an alternative way, alternative to the principle shown in Fig. 11 A.
  • By temporary changing the volume of the enclosed space of said piston, while an adjustment of said volume may give a change in the power (torque) of said motor, and this may be done serially of simultaneously.
  • the energy is coming from This is still a more efficient way to use the available energy, and it may increase, the reliability of said motor in relation to the principle of that shown in Fig. 11 A.
  • the energy used may be used to move a piston in a conical chamber which may be optimized to reducing the working force on the piston rod of said piston, for changing the volume of the enclosed space. Additionally is the energy used may be used in a similar piston-chamber combination as the one used for said volume changing, for adjusting the volume of the enclosed space.
  • the movement of the volume changing piston may be done by using pressurized liquid which is moving a piston in a chamber from one point to another an vice versa by means of e.g. valves or other land of control devices, or by magnetic guidance.
  • This is also valid for the piston which is adjusting the volume of the enclosed space - the control of the movement of said piston may be done by communicating with a speeder, which is controlled by e.g. a person or a computer.
  • the change (and consumption) of pressure of a fluid within an inflatable piston may also be done in an alternative way, alternative to the principle shown in Fig. 12 A.
  • By temporary changing the volume of the enclosed space of said piston, while an adjustment of said volume may give a change in the power (torque) of said motor, and this may be done serially of simultaneously.
  • This prin- ciple is in rotating power sources still more efficient than for transitional power source systems, because the distance from 1 st to 2 nd rotational positions is almost nil - therefore may the piston which is changing the volume of the enclose space be guided by a cam disk, which may be mounted on the axle, around which the motor power source is rotating.
  • a motor with a circular chamber may comprise a wall, at least a part of the length* of the centerline of said chamber, which is parallel to the centre axis of said chamber.
  • a conical chamber( elongate or circular*) be of a type where the force of the piston rod, generated by the actuator piston, is constant. That may also be the case for any of the pumps which are incorporating in said motor, where a fluid is pressurized.
  • the chamber in which said actuator piston is positioned may be comprising internal convex shaped walls of longitudinal cross-sectional sections near a first longitudinal position, said section may be updivided from each other by a common border, a distance between two following common borders define the height of the walls of said longitudinal cross-sectional sections, said heights are decreasing by an increasing internal overpressure rate of said piston, or in the direction from first to second longitudinal positions, the transversal height of the cross-sectional common borders may be detennined by the maximum work force, which be chosen constant for said common borders.
  • said convex shaped walls are concave shaped.
  • said piston-chamber combination may comprise a wall of a cross-sectional border which is parallel to the centre axis of said chamber.
  • said piston-chamber combination may comprise a transition between said convex shaped wall and said parallel wall, where said transition may be comprising at least a concave shaped wall, which may be positioned near a second longitudinal position.
  • said piston-chamber combination may comprise a concave shaped wall which may be positioned at least on one side to a convex shaped wall.
  • All piston types specifically those which are containers with an elastically deformable wall may be sealingly connected to the chamber wall during its move between longitudinal positions, engagingly connected or not connected to the wall of the chamber. Or may be engagingly and sealingly connected to the chamber wall. Additionally may there be no engaging between said walls either, possibly touching the walls each other, and this may happen e.g. in the situation where the container is moving from a first to a second longitudinal position in a chamber.
  • the type of connection (sealingly and/or engagingly and/or touching and/or no connection) between said walls may be accomplished by using the correct inside pressure inside said container wall: high pressure for sealingly connection, a lower pressure for engagingly connection and e.g. atmospheric pressure for no connection (production sized container) - thus, a container with an enclosed space may be preferred, because the enclosed space may be controlling the pressure inside the container from a position outside the piston.
  • Another option for an engagingly connection is thin wall of the container, which may have reinforcements which are sticking out of the surface of said wall, so that leaking may happen between the wall of container and the wall of the chamber.
  • the advantage may be that the turning of said main axle may be more smoothly, if the longitudinal position of said actuator pistons is different from each other, so that the "hesitation moment" for each of said actuator pistons, when moving from a second to a first longimdinal position, may occur on other points of time.
  • actuator pistons are engagingly or sealingly (this may be different from a longitudinal position to another longitudinal position when moving in said chamber) moving from a second to a first longitudinal position in a chamber and vice versa, which has the characteristics that the force on the piston rod - thus the connection rod from the actuator piston to the crankshaft - may be independent of the position which the actuator piston has (please see the description and drawings with referent "19620”), in order to synchronise the force of each of said actuator pistons to said main axle.
  • Fig. 13F may be the most efficient (simple construction, almost isothermal thermodynamics), and may additionally be the most reliable (no leaks), and of which the configuration of Fig. 13F is without the use of a crank generating rotation, will the configuration of Fig. 13F be used in a quantitative assessment of a car motor.
  • the change of the volume of said sphere may be quite big: from
  • the energy used for the "virtual" compressing the volume of said actuator piston at a first longitudinal position (index 1) to the volume at a second longitudinal position (index 2) for one cylinder for one complete stroke is:
  • the literature (David JC Mackay, Sustainable Energy - without the hot air - p.127, Fig. 20.20/20.21) reveals a small electric car using approx. 4,8 kW power to run, and which is coming from 8x 6V batteries— that car could run 77 km on one batteries' charge, and charging time is several hours. If the energy is coming from batteries, which cannot be charged during the drive of said car, this may be an option, but not a preferred embodiment.
  • the energy may come from the kinetic energy from said rotating chambers, where e.g. the piston of a classic piston-chamber combination is being moved by a camshaft, which is communicating with a main motor axle of said motor. If we use the data, which have been used for calculating the motor power, than the change in pressure of the inflatable sphere piston, may be done by changing the volume of the enclosed space of said actuator piston, by changing the volume 'under' the classic piston.
  • the volume change per piston per stroke needed by the actuator piston from a second to a first longitudinal position, thus from a small sphere shape ( ⁇ 25,1 mm) with a medium internal pressure (3,5 Bar) to a bigger sphere shape ( ⁇ 46,9 mm) with a low pressure (0,5 Bar), with a constant volume of the enclosed space is done by the internal pressure change of said actuator piston.
  • the Force is 260N/stroke/piston, irrespective the internal force, thus with 8 chambers, each comprising 5 pistons, and with 3 revolutions per second, the generated power is: 4,4 kW.
  • a present compressor has the following specification 220V, 170 I/min, 2,2kW, 8 Bar, pressure storage vessel 100 I. We need the power, but at a lower pressure, so that this modified compressor is a bit quicker charging the pressure storage vessel.
  • Fig. 15C It may be better to avoid a conversion of power, and to use the motor configuration of Fig. 15C where the pump 826 / 831 is communicating with the axle of a combustible motor, using e.g. 3 ⁇ 4, which has been generated by preferably electrolyses, and optionally by a fuel cell.
  • the last mentioned process is powered by electricity from a battery which is charged by an alternator, which is communicating with said axle.
  • the 825 W needs to be generated by said combustible- motor - this may be a 24cc / 66cc (VW Golf Mark II has motor of 53kW, 1600cc, ⁇ 90mm, 4 cylinder ⁇ 825 W is approx. 24cc, 90mm one cylinder or if 3x faster: 2,2kW is approx. 66cc, 90mm one cylinder) classic motor, using the Otto cycle, which may be compared with a big currently used moped motor.
  • a moped has been shown on television for a couple of months ago, using a electrolyses of water, stored in a tank (originally for gasoline), and using the generated H 2 for the combustion process - this is feasible.
  • the motor based on a crankshaft solution (Figs. 11A-D and 1 IF) with an elongate chamber and a piston which is connected to said crankshaft by a piston rod / connection rod, may preferably be used as a main motor of a transport vehicle, e.g. a car.
  • Said wheels or propellors may be connected to the central main motor by drive shafts and a distibution device such as a cardan.
  • said motor type be used as a decentrally positioned motor, which may be directly connected to each of the propulsion devices, such as wheels or propellors.
  • the motor based on a chamber which is positioned around a circleround centre axis and a piston which is increasing and decreasing its size (Figs. 12A-C, 13A-G), may preferably be used as a decentrally positioned motor in a transport vehicle, e.g. a car.
  • a transport vehicle e.g. a car.
  • Each of said motors may be directly connected to each of the propulsion devices.
  • a central motor which may be connected to said propulsion devices by driveshafts.
  • the control of said motors may preferably be done by a computer, specifically when each motor is directly connected to one of more than one propulsion devices which a transport vehicle is using.
  • a flywheel which may preferably be connected to a main central motor, and optionally decentrally positioned to each of the propulsion devise.
  • a flywheel may be used for keeping the motion smoothly - the classic solution - or to regaining energy for acceleration, after braking (and simultaneously storing the kinetic braking energy) of a transport vehicle - or to give energy to one of the pumps (e.g. references 818, 821,821 ', 826, 826' in Figs. 11A,B,C, F, 12A,C, 13 A,B,E,F) which are communicating with a pressure storage vessel (e.g. references 814, 839, 890, 889). All or a few of said types of flywheels may be present in a transport vehicle, which is comprising a motor according to this invention.
  • Another aspect of the regaining energy while braking may be pumps which are directly connected to a main axel, which may be a central driveshaft (e.g. references . 821, 821 '), which may pump the fluid to a much higher pressure and communicate the resulting high pressure fluid to a pressure storage vessel (e.g. references 814, 839, 890, 889).
  • a main axel which may be a central driveshaft (e.g. references . 821, 821 ')
  • a pressure storage vessel e.g. references 814, 839, 890, 889.
  • the geometry of chambers to be optimally used in co-operation with an actuator piston may be different from those, which are aiming an optimal use of a pump, because the conditions for the use in said actuator and said pump may be different.
  • the actuator piston needs to give a maximum force, by using as less energy as possible, while moving at an appropriate speed.
  • the sub-conditions may be different from the sub-conditions of e.g. an actuator piston which is communicating with a rotating chamber: e.g. the point of time where the maximum force is being needed.
  • an elongate chamber is of a type where the wall of said chamber is widening outwards when moving from a second to a first longitudinal position.
  • the angle of the wall in relation to the centre axis of said chamber, from a second to a first longitudinal position needs to be positive. This angle may be fixing the speed of the actuator piston.
  • the transitions from one point of the wall to another in the longitudinal direction be smooth, so as to limit friction between said actuator piston and said wall of the chamber.
  • the inflatable actuator piston itself needs to have an internal pressure in order to be able to load the wall of the chamber.
  • said actuator piston In order for said actuator piston to be able to move needs the centre of the flexible wall be closer to a first longitudinal position than the circumference which is engagingly connected to the wall of the elongate chamber. The larger this distance is, the higher the speed of said actuator piston in said chamber.
  • the reaction force of the wall of the chamber on said actuator piston is fixing the force which with the piston is pushing itself off the wall of the chamber in the direction of a first longitudinal position.
  • section 19620 of this patent application is a chamber shown (e.g. Fig.21A), which, when used in a pump, reduces the working force on the piston rod with approx. 65% at 8- 10 Bar of the pumped fluid - this is excellent for pumping purposes.
  • This reduction should be seen in comparison with the force needed in a straight cylinder, and comes from a comparison of a classic high pressure bicycle pump, and an advanced bicycle pump where the chamber has the shape of Fig. 21 A.
  • In said chamber is the maximum force approximately independant of the pressure of the fluid in said chamber, thus approximately constant (e.g. from 2 Bar, when the maximum force has been reached) during a pumping stroke.
  • An identical chamber used in an actuator comprising an actuator piston, may have the advantage that the force is approximately constant during the stroke from a second to a first longitudinal position - the price to be paid may than be that the working force may only be approximately 1/3 in relation to the working force when the maximum pressure has been reached in a straight cylinder having a certain diameter (same comparison source as mentioned above).
  • the size of the force may not be appropriate for the purpose of an actuator piston, while additionally the force, being constant, may not be appropriate either in relation to the use with a crank.
  • the chamber is circleround ('circular') instead of elongate.
  • an actuator piston is non-moving, and positioned in a rotational moving chamber may such a chamber type as mentioned above be used.
  • more than one piston e.g. 5 pistons (e.g. Fig.1 OB)
  • the force derived by each piston may be the same for all pistons, so that none of said pistons is pushing others - the total force is 5x that of when only one piston would have been used.
  • a gear may than be necessary to obtain the required torque, and speed, depending on the purpose.
  • the parameters for an elongate chamber of which the actuator piston is connected to a crank may be:
  • the parameters for a chamber of which its wall is positioned around a circleround centre axis, of which its center is positioned on the centre of the main motor axle, where said chamber is rotating, and where more than one actuator piston is present and non-moving, and being engaging said chamber wall, may be, additionally to said chamber of Fig. 21 A, having a circleround transversal cross-section:
  • the friction force needs to be optimally small, e.g. by using enhanced lubricators like Superlube which has a much smaller friction coefficient than other lubricant, and which is functioning well with rubber and metal, like steel or aluminium.
  • the storage of a fluid in a pressure storage vessel may have been arranged while the device, in which the motor is being used, was produced. While the motor runs, a smaller portion of heat may be generated in said storage vessel, when fluid of a higher pressure from the last pump of the pressurization cascade enters the fluid of said vessel, which may have a lower pressure (Figs. 1 1A-C, 12A-C, 13A-B).
  • the other energy source(s) preferably any sustainable energy source(s) such as solar cells, a fuel cell, electric batteries which have been loaded by solar energy or optionally a classic energy source, such as electric batteries, which are being loaded by a generator which is communicating with a combustion engine
  • the actuator piston takes both pressurization in the enclosed space + the cavity within the actuator piston body from the second enclosed space, and expansion to the third enclosed space place.
  • the pressurization may be a bit more than the expansion, the actuator piston may get a higher temperature than its temperature when the motor started (Figs. 11A-C, 11F, 12A-C, 13A-E).
  • this system is generating heat, which e.g. may be used for heating the cabin of a car, or to heat the third enclosed space, where expansion takes place (adiabatic). Because this is positioned in the crankshaft, it will not be easy to be done. Thus this may be more or less a diabatic situation.
  • the motor may be working together with any other energy source, preferably sustainable, optionally non-sustainable.
  • Such energy source may be necessary to feed the approximately 7.5% of the motor, which may be the limit of the efficiency improvement in relation to a classic motor burning fossile fuel, e.g. by using the Otto cyclus.
  • a capacitator electricity stored in a very big condensator
  • electric batteries of any type charged by solar power through e.g. photo voltaic solar cells with or without focus means (mirrors), or by fuel cells e.g. using H 2 , or air compressed by potential hydroenergy etc.
  • An H 2 fuel cell may be 'charged' with H 2 , which may have been derived from electrolyses of H 2 0, which may be stored in a vessel - the electricity may come from a special battery, capable of giving continuously energy (no starter battery) - this battery may be charged by an alternator, communicating with an axle of said motor and/or from photo voltaic solar cells.
  • the H 2 may also be stored in a special vessel, and may directly be inserted in the fuel cell.
  • Optional energy sources may be electricity, a capacitator or electric batteries of any type, loaded by an electric generator which is turning around on the basis of steam, generated by a fossil fueled burner, or a compressor driven by a motor, burning fossil fuel etc.
  • a motor according the invention may have one energy source or a combination of energy sources, preferably sustainable, optionally sustainable and non-sustainable.
  • the batteries may be temporary charged by an external energy source, e.g. through an electric cable. Filling up of other energy containing materials, e.g. H 2 may be done by hoses etc. Thus charging the energy bearing material positioned in said device by a temporary suitable connecting to said external energy source(s).
  • a strategic distance may have several definitions, e.g. for a commuting car, 2x 50 km commuting + 40 km random per day may be enough without a refill, and e.g. a car used for traveling longer distances may need to travel 500 km without a refill, or even twice that distance. The last mentioned may be the limit for what humans may perform per day.
  • a movable power source e.g. a battery, a fuel cell, an electrolyses of H 2 0 resulting in available H 2 for combustion purposes, pressurized fluid or other possibilities not mentioned here
  • a movable power source e.g. a battery, a fuel cell, an electrolyses of H 2 0 resulting in available H 2 for combustion purposes, pressurized fluid or other possibilities not mentioned here
  • Said power source may preferably not add very much to the extra dead weight (increasing the RAT), specifically important for cars, although this may not be decisive for the efficiency.
  • the 'battery' based on loading a condensator of the size of a suitcase, and release controlled the electricy again to the motor system may very well be the solution for all the problems mentioned above while using a battery. It is still under development in the USA.
  • a fuel cell may not be cheap, not very efficient to generate electricity, but adds not very much to the extra weigth, and it is n't noisy - this contrary the traditional method when a combustible (fossile) motor is communicating with a alternator - the e.g. necessary H 2 may be a security hazard, and storage of H 2 may be difficult, due to leaking from vessels, which for other matter are leak free. It may also need a distribution infrastructure, although there are already home based electrolyses systems on the market, which with electrolyses produces H 2 for own use.
  • the electricity for the electrolyses may come from a battery which is designed to be used for equipment (constant use), and which may be charged by an alternator, using the rotational kinetic energy from said motor, while electricity is additionally charged by e.g. a solar cell.
  • the electricity generated by a fuel cell may be used to charge said battery, of which generated electricity may be used for the motor functions.
  • An alternator may be communicating with the main axle of said motor, and additionally charge a battery, e.g. said constant use battery and a possible present start motor battery for a possible present start motor.
  • Solar cells may add to charge said batteries.
  • the electricity generated by a fuel cell e.g. using 3 ⁇ 4, may be connected directly to the motor functions, bypassing said batter(y)(ies).
  • H2 is being used for combustible purposes - e.g. a motor comprising a classic piston-straight cylinder combination with a crankshaft, turning an axle which is communicating with an alternator, said alternator being charging a battery.
  • the alternator may also be directly connected by wires with the other motor functions.
  • the power of said combustible motor may be complying to the complement need for power, thus what the motor according this invention cannot generate.
  • the power of said combustible motor may be very small in comparison with current combustible motors when used for 100% for the motor functions, which makes it feasible that e.g. the eletrolyses process for generating H 2 may be made movable, e.g. to be used in a car.
  • a bi-directional pump which is changing the volume of the enclosed space of e.g. the non-moving sphere piston, positioned in a rotating chamber may need electricity, if e.g. an electric motor may be used for turning around an axle which is communicating with a crank, on which the piston rod of said pump has been assembled.
  • Said axle may be the main axle of said combustible motor using e.g. H 2 as fuel.
  • said pump In another configuration, where said pump is used for a repressuration of a fluid, which is used to control an actuator, which is controlling said pump, it may have the same configuration as in the overall solution mentione above.
  • Another configuration may be used without using electricity for changing the volume of said enclosed space, when said pump has been exchanged by a camshaft - electricity may than only be necessary for a starter motor, and that may come from a starter battery, which may be charged by an alternator driven by the main axle of said motor, and/or by solar cells.
  • a camshaft solution may preferably be using more than one piston, optionally one piston.
  • a small pump may be necessary for speeding up, which means a higher pressure in the actuator piston, driven by the main axle or by an electric motor, which gets its energy from a battery, designed for constant use.
  • the tank comprising conductive water may be filled up from an external storage of water, and, if the water is not conductive, it may be possible to add conductive material, so that the water is becoming conductive.
  • the pressure storage vessel may be pressurized, not only by a cascade of pumps, but optionally also from an external pressure source, by a pluggable connection (ref. 2701 in the respective drawings).
  • the battery may be charged, not only by an alternator, solar cells or/and the H 2 -fuel cell, but optionally by an external electric power source, through a pluggable connection. ( ref. 2700 in the respective drawings).
  • the piston and the chamber may rotate both around the middlepoint around which the chamber is rotating.
  • the invention may be constructed with lighter weight than those based on the classic piston-cylinder combination.
  • a complement or addition to the solar cells may be necessary.
  • This may be e.g. any other sustainable power source e.g. a fuel cell, e.g. of a H 2 type which reacts with the 0 2 of the atmosphere, and giving electricity and H 2 0.
  • This fuel cell may need a relative small storage vessel, which may be of reduced pressure. This is to say, that the distribution system for h 2 may be at home, or that the distribution system may be not very dense.
  • the electricity may be used to give energy to electric motor, which is driving the piston pump through another crankshaft - this may be done as a complement to the energy of the solar cells, e.g. when it is dark, or this may be done at any time.
  • Fig 1 IF. and Fig. 13F may be needed for the repressurisation of the pressure vessel 1063, and 889, respectively.
  • This may be done by a cascade of pumps, of which at least one is communicating with the main axle, and at least one with an external power source.
  • the pumps may communicate with a pressure vessel.
  • a pump also be sufficient for the solution in Fig. 13F.
  • the motor according this invention may have a certain maximum for the number of revolutions per minute (rpm), which is limited by the change of shape and/or pressure at both turning points (first- and second longitudinal positions) when the piston is running in an elongate chamber, or when tunning in a circular chamber the change point from the first- to the second circular point.
  • the flexibility of the inflatable piston is the key: its wall, which e.g. may be made of rubber - thus the hardness of the rubber - and the reinforcement layer, and how many reinforcement layers are being used, and, if used more than one layer is being used, the in between angle of the reinforcement layers - please see chapter 19650.
  • the comparable speeds of the motor according this invention may be half of the above mentioned, in order to generate the same power, with the configuration according the feasibility study. This reduced speed would suit the motor according this invention.
  • gearbox manufactured, autmatic - e.g. the Van Doorne's Variomatic ® or a common automatic gearbox with a fluid
  • the ratio's and the number of gears may be different from those in cars currently used.
  • the last mentioned has to do with the specific characteristics (limitation of the functional window in terms of rpm of teh main motor axle) of a combustion motor, which is not present as the main part of the motor according the invention.
  • the last mentioned would, if a gearbox would be necessary, preferably have an automatic gearbox, optionally a manual gearbox.
  • Quantitative considerations may be as follows:
  • the sound pitch of the power part of the motor according this invention is of very little magnitude due to the lack of explosions, and that may make a big difference with the common well-know engine sound of petrol motors based on the Otto Motor design (please see Classiccars, issue no. 402, pages 86-89, February 2007, "Why engines sound so good” for prior art). Instead, there may be a sound of lubricated (e.g. Super Lube) friction of an inflatable rubber piston body on metal or plastic from the chamber - the sound may be of low frequency.
  • lubricated e.g. Super Lube
  • the motor according this invention is a two-stroke motor (remember: a green one); while most of the car motors today are four-stroke motors, the revolutions per minute in the motor according this invention may be half of that in a motor according the Otto design, in order to achieve the same or comparable power. Also this lowers the number of revolutions per minute which may add the sound to be of low frequency.
  • a pump compressor
  • a pump compressor
  • it may give some noise from valves and noise from the release of fluid from the chamber to the pressure vessel, and the intake of depressurized fluid - according the type of motor repressuration according to Figs
  • Current air compressors based on a piston moving in an elongate chamber sound absolutely ugly. These sounds may come from the fact that the speed of the air may be over the speed of sound, so that shock waves are the source of the ugliness.
  • the speed of the fluid be lower than the speed of sound, optionally will a shock wave from an over air speed wave be damped, e.g. by contra wave designs (such as Audi did in its race cars, which were almost without noise, even the motor was a combustibel motor type).
  • contra wave designs such as Audi did in its race cars, which were almost without noise, even the motor was a combustibel motor type.
  • This motor type is besides being the most efficient, additionally the most quiet of all motor types according this invention.
  • the generating of electric power for (re)loading a battery for powering the pumps, which may re- pressurize the pressure vessel, which may be serving the pressure for the main motor part, may need an Otto Motor of approx.
  • the total sound of the motor according this invention is not zero, such as is the case with an electric motor, but a low pitching low frequency sound.
  • This enables the car to be identified by sound as being a car, which is better is this aspect than a car with only an electric motor running at low speeds.
  • the low frequency may be altered if it is concluded from a working prototype that the low frequency is that of the
  • the invention relates to a combination of a piston and a chamber, wherein:
  • said chamber comprising a wall of a cross-sectional border which is parallel to the centre axis of said chamber.
  • the conical chamber of e.g. an advanced bicycle pump may be updivided into longitudinal cross-sectional sections of which its common borders are defined by an over pressure (e.g. over the atmospheric pressure) rating such as e.g. 1 Bar, 2 Bar 10 Bar which a piston may produce, while moving from a first to a second longitudinal position of said chamber.
  • Said chamber comprising convex and concave shaped sections of longitudinal cross-sectional sections, said sections are updivided from each other by common borders, the resulting heigth of the walls of said longitudinal cross-sectional sections are decreasing by an increasing overpressure rate, the transversal length of the cross-sectional common borders is determined by the maximum work force, which is chosen constant for said common borders, at least near a second longitudinal position.
  • the longitudinal cross-sectional sections may have convex and/or concave sides.
  • the part of the chamber where convex shapes end and where a concave wall part is beginning, and which is matching a cone shaped bottom part, is used in a bicycle floor pump for the purpose to keep the convex / concave shaped part of the chamber on a certain ergonomical height, so that pumping is comfortable for the user (WO/2008/025391).
  • a spring-force operated piston e.g. a flexible expandable inflatable container piston (e.g.
  • EP 1 384 004 Bl may begin to move by itself from a second longitudinal position to a first longitidinal position in said chamber, where the cross-sectional area and circumference of a second longitudinal postion is smaller than the cross-sectional area and circumference of a first longitudinal position, if a sealing pressure exists from the piston to the wall of convex / concave chamber walls, and if the longitudinal component of the friction force between the piston and the wall of the chamber is lower than the longitudinal component of the sealing force.
  • the piston rod In order for the piston rod to maintain its position controlled by a user of e.g. a bicycle pump, it may be necessary that the wall of the chamber which is in contact with said piston, is parallel to the central axis of the chamber.
  • EP 1 179 140 Bl shows chambers, where in the top (first longitudinal positions) and the bottom (second longitudoinal positions) of the chamber a part of the inner wall of said chamber is parallel to the central axis: thus there where the piston rod is positioned when the pump is either not in use or where the piston rod is changing its direction, the last mentioned which also occurs in the top of the chamber, by a user, when the pump is in use. No reasoning was disclosed for the parallellity in EP 1 179 140 Bl
  • the invention relates to a combination of a piston and a chamber, wherein:
  • said chamber has an exit between a convex wall and concave wall
  • said exit is communicating with a hose.
  • the longitudinal cross-sectional sections may have convex and/or concave sides.
  • the part of the chamber where convex shapes end and where a concave wall part may begin, and which may matching a cone shaped bottom part, is used in a bicyle floor pump for the purpose to keep the convex /concave shaped part of the chamner on a certain ergonomical height, so that pumping is comfortable for the user (WO/2008/025391).
  • said bottom part is hollow, it may be used it in tree ways.
  • An option is to keep this part open, and add an exit to said chamber at its second longitudinal position. Said exit may preferably communicate directly with a hose.
  • said exit comprises a check valve, where said check valve is communicating with an expansion chamber, which is built in the bottom part of said chamber.
  • expansion chamber may be only nessessary for higher pressures, and is than delaying the speed of the pump at lower pressures, because the volume of said expansion chamber- is to be inflated - as well, irrespectively the pressure.
  • Such a solution may be nessesary if a piston would jam in a concave shaped transition from convex shaped wall parts to a further longitudinal position of the chamber, or the piston would be too big to travel to a further longitudinal position.
  • the invention relates to a combination of a piston and a chamber, wherein: said concave shaped inner walls are positioned at least between two common borders.
  • said hollow part be used as an additional pumping volume of said chamber , and the piston should be able to move toward and in said bottom part without jamming.
  • Necessary is than a smooth transition from convex shaped wall of cross-sectional sections, said transition comprising a concave shaped wall.
  • the pressure rate - these concave shaped walls may be positioned at least between more than two common borders, the last mentioned at high pressures.
  • the invention relates to a combination of a piston and a chamber, wherein: said second chamber comprising a third chamber, communicating
  • the convex shape of the sides of the longitudinal cross-sectional area's have to transfer to that part of the chamber in the bottom, where the wall of the chamber wall is parallel to the central axis.
  • the transition needs to be from convex to concave - thus the shape of a side of the longitudinal cross-section at the transition needs to be concave in the direction from a first to a second longitudinal position.
  • a solution may be to close the chamber there and create an exit by a non-return valve, and use the rest of the chamber as an expansion vessel. This may be usefull for a proper pumping at high pressures.
  • the invention relates to to a combination of a piston and a chamber, wherein:
  • Said chamber is elivated by a fourth chamber which is open, said chamber has an exit, which end in said fourth chamber.
  • the fourth chamber is just the basic chamber with its chacteristic shape, and nothing more.
  • Said chamber may have an exit which is a nippel.
  • the invention relates to a combination of a piston and a chamber, wherein: said exit is communicating with a hose,
  • the hose of a bicycle pump may be expandable upon a certain pressure, so that an expansion vessel is created there. That means that the pump is pumping very efficiently at low pressures, where the hose is not creating an expansion vessel - such a pressure vessel creates more volume to the volume of the tyre alone, to be pumped. Most of the pumping is done for low pressure tyres.
  • the expansion of the hose may be limited by a reinforcement of the hose, and the expansion may be done only on a part of the hose.
  • the piston may be engagingly movable relative to said chamber wall.
  • the piston may be scalingly movable relative to said chamber wall
  • the amount of energy used may be reduced by approx. 65% at 8-10 Bars pressure, in relation to current high pressure bicycle pumps. This has been calculated as follows:
  • the chamber of Fig. 21 A has been designed, so that max. force is 260 N, at any pressure, specifically the higher pressures, thus also at 8 or 10 Bars.
  • the efficiency of said advanced bicycle pump is much higher than the current high pressure bicycle pumps, and that has influenced the choice of the 260N as a maximum force.
  • the shape of an elongate conical chamber of a pump is a line connecting certain dots (x-coordinate: along said centre axis, y-coordinate: perpendicular on said centre axis) outside said centre axis.
  • Said chamber having different cross-sectional area's, and a first and a second longitudinal position, the first longitudinal position having a bigger cross-sectional area than that of a second longitudinal position, wherein between a piston is moving, said piston is sealingly connected to the wall of said chamber, having a production size corresponding with the circumference of said second longitudinal position, said piston having a certain pre-determined maximum working force due to said shape of teh chamber.
  • the position of said dots relative to said centre axis is determined as follows.
  • V x When said piston is moving in an elongate conical chamber, from said first to said second longitudinal position, is the rest volume V x , which is defined as the volume of said chamber at a position L x , L x measured from the overpressure side of said piston to e.g. a farthest away second longitudinal position (0-point), where there is an overpressure P x , the overpressure P x is counted in relation to a standard pressure, e.g. the atmospheric pressure, used in this calculation:
  • V x 3,14.[0,00046. S x 3 +(1 ,118-0,00139.L). S x 2 + (900-2,236.L + 0,00139.L 2 ).S X ] where:
  • S x a step in the iterative calculation process.
  • the S x is found from said equation, and gives the x-coordinate of said dot, as S X .L. If said chamber is comprising non-conical parts (as can be seen in e.g. Figs.21A,B), than only the projected length of conical wall parts on said centre axis need to be used in the calculation of L and Lx.
  • the y-coordinate of said dot is found as follows.
  • the y-coordinate of said dot from said centre axis at said longitudinal position S X .L is D x /2, if a symmetrical chamber design in the transversal direction has been chosen, as is in said Figures.
  • the shape of the chamber wall is than a line through all the points found. In practise is it possible to smoothen ('peditise') said line, if it is drawn as a polyline, so that a contineous shape of a chamber wall results.
  • a gaseous medium such as air or N 2 : preferably for the CT pressure management system,
  • a combination of a gaseous and a liquid 3. a liquid, which may be hydraulic oil or H 2 0: preferably for the ESVT pressure management
  • the use of a liquid may give a better economy for the pressurazation of the actuator piston, as by moving a volume of liquid to and from the actuator piston by the pump, no or only a bit heat and cold, resp. may be generated - contrary the (de)pressuration of a gaseous medium.
  • a liquid as deformable fluid may be preferred when using the Enclosed Space Volume Technology.
  • the circular chamber shown in Fig.BC and 14D where a chamber may be moving and the piston(s) do(es) non-moving, has been updivided into e.g. four identical sub-chambers.
  • These chambers have been constructed in such a way that that the effect of each may be that the circular force of each piston, having a different position in each of the circular sub-chambers, on the chamber wall may be identical. This, to avoid unnecessary friction, which would decrease efficiency, and add to wear of the pistons.
  • the chamber may have a constant circular force, thus a constant torque. The size may only be depending on the pressure.
  • the chamber shown in Fig. 12B, where the piston may be moving and the chamber may not, may have in fact the same basic design as the one mentioned above for Figs. 13C and 14D.
  • the piston may have a constant circular force on said chamber wall.
  • Said sub-chambers have been constructed, so that the chamber is comprising two circle sections in the circular section.
  • Each of the circle sections have its own centerpoint, which are lying in opposite quadrants, around and at an identical distance of the center point of the circular centre axis of the (sub)chamber.
  • Said circle sections are lying around a centre axis of the chamber, which may be a circle.
  • a chamber (with the above mentioned characteristics) is engagingly and/or sealingly moving over said sphere shaped piston (Fig; 1 OH with said attempted configuration of the chamber), which is positioned in said chamber.
  • a comparable problem arizes, as exists with the front wheels of a car, turning around a corner - both front wheels are not positioned at the same distance to the rotation center(s?), and in order to get the car around the corner, the wheels need to have independent axles, and neither the angles of said wheels in relation to said direction are not the same at the same time, nor the speed of said wheels.
  • the reaction forces from the chamber on a contact area of the piston are not equally divided over the circumference of said contact line, which should (?) be identical with said common border lines (of an elongate chamber).
  • the engagingly/sealingly connection to the wall of said piston not be a circle line, but more a combination of a circle point (on the boundery of the cross-section nearest to the center of the circular chamber) to a circle section (on the farthest boundery of said cross-section from the center of the circular chamber), and in between said point and section sections of different sizes and possibly also shape(s).
  • This may not be a big hazard, as the connection to the wall of said chamber only needs to be engagingly, in order to generate motion of said chamber.
  • said contact may become from sealingly (nearest the centre of the circle round centre axis of said chamber) to engagingly (farthest to from the centre of the circle round centre axis of said chamber), and in between all kinds of combinations of sealingly- and engagingly contacts.
  • This affects the size of the friction between the piston and the chamber wall, and thus the direction in which the relative motion may be generated - in this assumed configuration should said direction be that of the shape of the chamber - is it in our attempted configuration (Figs 27A-C).
  • the sphere piston be rotatable around its piston rod - thus around the centre axis of the piston rod, which may be parallel to an axis through a centre point of said chamber, perpendicular the cross-sectional section of said chamber.
  • the central base circle (around which the chamber is 'bent') is parametrized by 'unit speed', has radius R and center at the origin (0, 0, 0) in a fixed (x, y, ⁇ -coordinate system. See blue circle in figures Z ⁇ Jk etc.
  • the vector function for the base circle is standard: ⁇ H
  • the family of circles trace out a tube surface, a so-called Fermi tube, around the base circle.
  • the volume of the Fermi tube solid (corresponding to the turning angle interval [0, L ⁇ ) is determined by
  • the area of the Fermi tube surface is (corresponding to the turning angle interval [0, L]) :
  • the Maple output appendix contains an example of the calculation of the respective total area and total volume calculated from the chosen values of the constants defining the geometry in the particular case considered and shown. This is fully general and can be numerically evaluated with any other choice of geometric descriptor values.
  • the total area and total volume includes the values from the end caps which we now discuss.
  • Spherical caps have simple geometric expressions for their area and 'enclosed' volume, i.e. the volume cut off from a solid sphere when cutting off the cap by a planar cut. Here we will therefore continue with this Ansatz of spherical caps.
  • the area of the cap with height h and base radius a is (see figure 3):
  • the volume of the cap with height h and base radius a is
  • (2'4) p(u) ( 1 + ⁇ fS ⁇ u)Y - p' ⁇ u)) .
  • end cap areas and volumes are determined solely by the respective values of p and p' when the spherical Anthesis is assumed to 4 PISTON AND CHAMBER
  • the actual sliding force along the wall of the chamber is obtained by geometrically symmetric (around that direction as axis) double projection of the gray total force on the chamber segment shown in figuresg ) 0 ) to, 11, 12, and 13 be ew.
  • EP 1179140B1 shows on Figs. 5A-5H (inch) a piston (Figs. 105A-105H of this patent application), which is comprising six support means 43, which are rotatably fastened around an axle 44 to a piston rod 45.
  • the other ends of said support means are assembled on an impervious flexible sheet, positioned between a flexible O-ring, which is sealingly connected to the wall of a piston-chamber combination, where the chamber is conical.
  • Said O-ring is squeezed to the wall by said support means, due to pulling springs which at one side have been assembled on said piston rod, and at the other end on said support means near said O-ring, so as to spread said support means from the piston rod to the wall of the chamber.
  • said impervious flexible sheet may be assembled at the end of the piston rod, e.g. by a screw.
  • Another solution may be, just to vulcanize said sheet on and around the piston rod. This fastening of said sheet to the piston rod may substantially reduce (but bot avoid) the change of shape of said sheet, when pressurized. And, additionally, a shape change of said sheet may additionally be reduced by a proper reinforcement of said sheet.
  • the sheet may need to have a production size having a circumference which is approximately that of the circumference of the chamber wall at a second longitudinal position.
  • the sheet may need in the first instance to be spreaded, when firstly moving the piston from said second longitudinal position to a first longitudinal position.
  • the pulling springs on said support means may be pulling a bit more than the pulling forces in said impervious sheet, pulling it back to its production size, when the piston is not at a second longitudinal position.
  • a third force may be pulling the O-ring from the wall, and that happens when said sheet would bend upwards when pressurized.
  • the reinforcement may comprise concentric reinforcements, which may have been made of flexible material in its length, or, if made of non- flexible material as a spiral, having the centre axis of the piston rod as centrum.
  • reinforcement patterns mean that the sheet may be widened in 2D, in a transversal plane, perpendicular the centre axis of said chamber, and only a bit in the direction of the centre axis of said chamber.
  • each layer Preferably is the reinforcement layer of said sheet positioned closest to the high pressure side of said sheet, and another layer without reinforcements may be vulcanized on the first mentioned layer.
  • the production thickness of each layer may be so thick, that the decreased thickness at a first longitudinal position may be enough for a longduring proper functioning of said piston.
  • the O-ring may have a production size where its external circumference is approximately the size of the circumference of said chamber at a second longitudinal position.
  • the impervious sheet may be vulcanised on / in said O-ring, so as to achieve a proper sealing, when the O-ring is sealingly connected to the wall of the chamber.
  • the lying spring may be vulcanized on both said O-ring, the ends of said support means and on the impervious sheet. This keep the whole together.
  • the widening of said sheet may substantially be caused by the pulling forces of the springs on said support means, and by the rotation forces of said support means.
  • the lying spiral spring shown in the Figures of said prior art which mainly should keep the O-ring in place between the support means ends, would possibly not give enough force to do that job. Instead, an elastic metal rod may keep the O-ring better in place. Both ends of said rod may be sliding between two adjacent support means, while two rods may slide along each other through a support means.
  • EP 1 179 140 Bl discloses an elasticallyl deformable means, which has been stiffened by stiff members, which are rotatably fastened to a common member, such as a piston rod, in case a piston may be made of said elastically deformable means.
  • the elastically deformable means may have a tranversal cross-section of that of a trapezium.
  • the trapezium becomes more and more a rectangular.
  • Said stiffereners may rotate to an angle where the stifferers are approx. positioned parallel to said centre axis, when the piston is moving from a first to second longitudinal position.
  • a foam may expand from a second longitudinal position in a elongate chamber to a bigger shape at a first longitudinal posirtion. But it may be done in a different way than expanding an inflatable container which is comprising a flexible wall, with a production size so that the circumference is approximately the circumference of the wall of the chamber at a second longitudinal position (please see e.g. EP 1 384 004 Bl).
  • the thickness of the wail of said container may be decreased ("balloon effect").
  • a motor wherein a pump having a piston engagingly and/or sealingly movable in a chamber, wherein
  • the PU-foam is comprising a Polyurethene Memory foam and a Polyurethane foam.
  • the Polyurethane foam is comprising a major part is Polyurethane Memory foam, and a minor part Polyurethane foam.
  • An elastically deformable means may be made of a foam.
  • a moving piston in a chamber of a pump may be Polyurethan Foam.
  • the growing in size of a foam when moving from a second to a first longitudinal position may be done by enlarging the cells wherein the fluid is positioned, which may be present in said chamber. That may be possible, when the cells are open, that is to say, that the inside of said cells may be communicating with the atmosphere around said foam, in said chamber.
  • the foam at a second longitudinal position needs to be under pressure so as to be able to decrease the size of the open cells in the foam, and, at a second longitudinal position needs the foam be under pressure, in order to be able to expand itself, when moved to a first longitudinal position.
  • the foam thus the material of the walls of the open cells may than needed being very elastically.
  • Such a material may be a Polyurethane (shortly 'PU') foam, and a very flexible type of PU foam may be the so-called Memory Foam.
  • a kind of a sandwich may be made, which may be made of e.g. a two layer PU, of which one layer is made of less flexible PU foam than PU Memory Foam, and a layer of PU Memory Foam - the two layers may be glued to each other. If there is no space for layers and/or a sandwich may be difficult to be produced, a mixture of a PU foam and a PU Memory Foam may be the solution. The percentage of a normal PU Foam may be a minor part of the total mixture.
  • the support members are bendable
  • said members being locked in a holder, which is connected to the piston rod, and being rotatable around said bend of said stiffener in said holder,
  • said end is being under pressure of an adjustable member
  • Said Memory Foam material is quickly regaining its original size when released, after having been depressed, at normal working temperatures, such as 10° - 100° C. At lower temperatures such as around the freezing point, it takes longer time, and that may be too long, in order to comply to the demand of engagingly and/or sealingly connected to the wall of the chamber. It may be necessary that said stiffeners are being made of a spring material, so that when the piston is moving from a second to a first longitudinal position, said stiffeners may be pressing the foam outwards. A pre-determined bending force may be necesasary, and that may be done by e.g.
  • the pre-determined bending force may be obtained by an adjustable member, which presses the short end of said stiffeners - it may be a rotatable member, which can be locked in a certain position.
  • said foam When moving from a first to a second longitudinal position said foam may be being pressed inward by the wall of said chamber, and said foam may need to be in such a shape, that no lateral forces are present, so that the cast foam, which glues to said stiffeners (which may be preferably made of Polyurethane), has become unstuck, so that its function is lost.
  • said stiffeners which may be preferably made of Polyurethane
  • said flexible impervious layer has an unstressed production size with a circumference which is approximately the same as the circumference of the wall of the chamber at a second longitudinal position.
  • a foam piston with open cells is engaingly connected to the wall of said chamber.
  • an impervious layer such as a nature rubber type. This may need to comply to approximately the same sizes of a circumference as an inflatable container type piston. Thus may need the size of said layer having a circumference of that of the chamber wall at a second longitudinal position, unstressed - thus needs the assembling be around a foam under pressure.
  • the foam and thus said stiffeners need to press the layer into the shape (trapez) of the foam when being positioned at a first longitudinal position.
  • said layer may be shrinking into the approx.
  • the impervious layer may need to be able to communicate with the fluid of the non-pressure side of said piston in order to be able the open cells to communicate ('breath'), when moving from second to first longitudinal positions and vice versa.
  • WO2000/070227 discloses a foam piston which has the problem that the foam cannot not properly be mounted on the piston rod, specifically during the return stroke. The reason is that the PU foam cannot be fastened very well to the steel of the piston rod. Another difficulty is the release of the ready piston from the mould, due to the fact that the angles of the several rows of reinforcement pins are increasing outwards from the piston rod side. A further difficulty is that PU foam is not very well fastening on a metal reinforcement pin, even the surface of the last mentioned has been made rough. The improved suspension of the foam piston is the subject matter of this section of the patent application.
  • the piston disclosed in the section 19650 of this patent application is very robust for professional use.
  • a less robust, still reliable construction may be needed, where also repair may be simply and straight forward.
  • metal pins may be maintained, when e.g. the pins have received a surface coating of an appropriate material, e.g. PU when the foam of the piston also is made of PU, before the foam piston has been moulded around said pins - than the pins will fasten enough to the foam, to avoid stripping off the foam of said piston.
  • the metal pins may be made of a steel type which can be magnetized. If the holder plate, to which the pins are designed to transfer the compression force from the high pressure side of the piston to the piston rod, is being magnetized, said pins may be sticking into small holes of about a deepness to said surface, approximately the size of the diameter of said pins.
  • Said holes may have a geometrical design, so that said pins may be able to rotate in said holes. Said pins will be fastened to said holder plate, as soon as these have come near enough to each other, so that the magnetic force can do it's work.
  • Said holder plate may have s small thickness, and may be glued to the piston rod, directly or indirectly on a holder, which is assembled on a piston rod.
  • pins may be that these have been made e.g. by injection moulding of e.g. PU-plastic, which will stick perfectly to the same type of foam (e.g. PU foam) of the piston.
  • PU foam e.g. PU foam
  • the suspension of the pins may be done as follows.
  • the pins may have a sphere shaped end which can be smoothly pressed in a holder plate, having a sphere cavity, so that said sphere end may rotate in said sphere cavity.
  • the pins may have a certain pre-loading, so that the foam will be widened when the piston is moving from a 2" to a 1 st longitudinal position of the chamber, specifically at lower temperatures. This may be done by giving the sphere end of said pins a small lever arm, which is sticking in a plate of flexible material, e.g. rubber. The production angle is than the widest angle of said piston, thus when the piston is at a 1 st longitudinal position of the chamber.
  • EP 1 179140 Bl shows an inflatable container piston type
  • EP 1 384 004 Bl shows that this piston type should have an unstressed production size wherein its circumference at the second longitudinal position of an elongate chamber, should have a circumference which is approximately the same as the one of the chamber, so as to avoid that the piston is jarriming when moving from a first to a second longitudinal position.
  • EP 1 384 004 Bl shows that a reinforcement for such a desired behaviour may be a layer where the reinforcement strings are laying parallel besides each other in an unstressed production model, and these strings are connecting the two end parts, of which one is mounted on the piston rod, while the other can glide of the piston rod - the rubber is directly vulcanized on both ends.
  • the reinforcement layer is the inner layer, while another, thicker layer than the layer with reinforcement strings, is protecting said reinforcement layer. Both layers are being vulcanized on each other, and at the end parts, there may be another extra layer on top of the two.
  • the function of the second layer is additionally to avoid that the reinforcement strings are 'sticking' out of the outer layer, thereby making a sealingly contact with the wall of the chamber impossible - however, for an engagingly contact is this just fine.
  • Having the second layer on top of the reinforcement layer is working fine in practise, and it has shown be possible to expand near the 330%, e.g. in a chamber of a pump (please see 19620) where the force on the piston rod is constant, from an 017 mm (2 nd longitudinal position) to an ⁇ 59 mm (1 st longitudinal position).
  • the types of rubber of the layers rubber may be different, but should be compatible so, that these can be vulcanized on each other, without getting lose from each other under normal working conditions.
  • the shape of the container in an unstressed production state may also be that the wall of the container is not parallel with the centre axis, but parallel to the wall of the chamber because the wall of the chamber at a second longitudinal position is not parallel to the centre axis. Just the wall of the chamber is free of the wall of the container in said unstressed production state.
  • the actuator piston is comprising a container, said container is comprising a wall around a cavity, said cavity may be inflatable and pressurized by a fluid and/or may comprise a foam, said container is moving from 2 nd to 1 st longitudinal positions of the chamber, when pressurized, in a chamber having cross-sections of different cross-sectional areas and different circumferential lengths at the first and second longitudinal positions, and at least substantially continuously different cross- sectional areas and circumferential lengths at intermediate longitudinal positions between the first and second longitudinal positions, the cross-sectional area and circumferential length at said second longitudinal position being smaller than the cross-sectional area and circumferential length at said first longitudinal position, due to sliding of the wall of said container of said actuator piston on the wall of said chamber.
  • Said wall of the piston may preferably having a symmetrical shape in the longitudinal direction of the chamber between the end cabs (the movable and the non-movable), around a transversal central axis, wherein each symmetrical half part having longitudinal cross-sections of different cross- sectional areas and different circumferential lengths at least substantially continuously different cross-sectional areas and circumferential lengths at intermediate longitudinal positions between said transversal centre axis and an end cab.
  • Having a reinforcement layer in the wall of said container of actuator piston makes the outside of said wall smooth, and preferably convex shaped, when pressurized from within the cavity of said container. This provides a small contact area with the wall of said chamber. The expansion forces of the wall of said container are directed perpendicular the surface of the wall of said chamber.
  • t R ⁇ « When said actuator piston is being positioned in a wall of a chamber having an positive angle with the centre axis of said chamber in the direction from a 2 nd to a 1 st longitudinal position, an asymmetry arises in the reaction forces from the wall of said chamber, because there will be no reaction forces on chamber positions nearest a 1 st longitudinal position of the chamber on the ultimate position nearest a 1 st longitudinal position part of the contact area (wall chamber - container), and the consequences are that the wall of said container at these positions will bend towards the wall of said chamber, until the reaction foces of the wall equal the expansion forces of he wall of said container - the wall of said
  • This rolling is adding to the contact height of the contact area of the wall of said container and the wall of said chamber, where so the frictional forces increase.
  • Said expansion of the wall of container of the actuator piston is causing a small pressure drop inside the wall of said container, when the volume of the enclosed space remaims constant, said pressure drop causes that the expansion forces of the wall of said piston are decreasing, thus also the friction forces.
  • a movement of said actuator piston towards a 1 st longitudinal position may occur (sliding). This may reduce said contact height, because the portion of said wall of the container nearest a 2 nd longitudinal position may reduce its circumference, and thus also that of the contact area nearest a 2 nd longitudinal position.
  • the means to do so may be for e.g. an ellipsoid shaped actuator piston:
  • the wall of the container will under internal pressure bend out from an ultimate circumference of the contact area nearest a first longitudinal position, between the wall of the chamber and the wall of the container, and reaching the wall of the chamber, thereby increasing the contact surface area, and
  • the actuator piston will stop running towards a I s longitudinal position, when there may be not sufficient internal pressure to press the wall of the container of the actuator piston towards the wall of the chamber, so that a circumferential leak occurs. This may happen e.g. in case of a chamber shown in section 19620 of this patent application, when the common border of 1 Bar overpressure exists in the chamber - this is earlier in the description disclosed as the "hesitation behaviour".
  • the reason may be that the expansion of the wall of said actuator piston, when moving from 2 nd to 1 st longitudinal positions, is additionally forcing the contact area of the wall of said actuator piston to the wall of the chamber nearest to the 1 st longitudinal position, besides the expansion of the wall of the container due to the internal pressure, thus also increasing the friction force.
  • the wall of the piston is made of a flexible reinforced material, when pressurized by a pressure source through the enclosed space, which is resulting in a smooth outer surface of said piston wall, and by that, providing a height of the contact area circumferentially in a longitudinal cross-section of said piston, between said piston wall and the wall of the chamber, said height is changing in size during the movement of the piston at intermediate longitudinal positions between the second and first longitudinal positions.
  • This sliding may done over several different contact area's of the wall of said actuator piston, with the wall of said chamber. This is possible, because the wall of said container is convex shaped, flexible, while the several different area's are positioned in continuation of each other.
  • the inflatable piston of the type where an ellipsoi ' de at a 2 nd longitudinal position of a chamber is becoming a enlarged ellipsoi ' de / (almost) sphere can, regarding strength and stiffness, be compared to a cylindrical vessel with a small wall thickness, which is under internal pressure.
  • the Hoop stress OH is expanding the wall of the cylinder.
  • the size of said Hoop stress OH IS in general approximately lOx the size of the internal pressure in said cylinder . This is the reason why a the actuator piston already at a low internal pressure is rocketing from a 2 nd to a 1 st longitudinal positions in a cylinder according section 19620 of this patent application.
  • the size of the Hoop stress 0H depends on the longitudinal position of the piston, the size of the chamber and on the number of reinforcement layers - for one reinforcement layer, and a
  • the inflatable piston of the type where a sphere at a 2 nd longitudinal position of a chamber is becoming an enlarged sphere can, regarding strength and stiffness, be compared with a sphere vessel, with a small thickness, which is under internal pressure.
  • the spherical stress os 3 which applies, can be compared with the longitudinal stress OL of a cylindrical cylinder, which is half of the size of the Hoop stress OH .
  • more than one sphere piston may be available in a circular chamber, in order to reduce the size of a motor, while having a comparable torque.
  • Cx may be different form one longitudinal pisition of the actuator piston to another, as R may depend on the transversal radius of the chamber. This may be saving energy, and how much is depending on the slope of the wall of the
  • the aim of this section is to develop a container type piston, which may be used in a pump, while using the principle disclosed of WO2002/077457, where the circumference of said piston is having a production size of that of the circumference of the 2 nd longitudinal position. That means that an inflatable container type piston is to be inflated from a 2 nd longitudinal position for moving to a 1st longitudinal position and back without jamming. However, it is the experience that the travel: rolling - sliding - rolling etc.
  • the self propelling ability is out of function, when the wall of said chamber is parallel to the centre axis of said chamber.
  • the selfpropelling motion should the "rolling" of the wall of said piston over the wall of the chamber should be avoided. This may be done by discontinuation of the outside wall of said piston.
  • the contact area between the wall of said chamber and the wall of said piston may be restricted ("dis continuous") to a certain area of the wall of said piston, and that may be done at least in two ways: ⁇ the contact area may be a separate part of the wall of said piston - it may expand more that the rest of the wall of said piston,
  • the part of said piston closest to the second longitudinal position may have a smaller circumference of a transversal cross-section than that of said contact area.
  • the Hoop stress in the wall of a inflatable container type piston (please see sections 19660, 207 and 653 of this patent application) is causing the expansion of the circumference of said wall, and is the source of the actuator piston to become self-propelling by internal overpressure.
  • said piston is comprising a compressible medium having 1-1 1 ⁇ 2 bar (absolute) overpressure (over atmospheric pressure) at a first longitudinal position, from said first longitudinal position to a second longitudinal position, said medium to expand the wall of said piston may preferably be: different from that of a compressible medium such as a gas - e.g.
  • a foam would than be better, even it may contain a fluid in its holes, when the foam having an open structure - it would be preferable that the foam has an open structure - said foam should preferably be at atmospheric pressure at a first longitudinal position, optionally at a low over pressure (e.g. 1 Bar).
  • the foam, and preferably not said medium should be expanding the wall of said piston, optionally may there be a combination of said two factors, and/or different from a medium which is compressible, such as a non-compressible medium (e.g. a liquid such as water),
  • an enclosed space e.g. a hollow piston rod, in which the medium, which will be pressed out of said foam, thus from said container, when said foam is compressed by the wall of said piston, when said piston is moving from a first to a second longitudinal position, to said enclosed space (e.g. WO2010/094317 or sections 207 and/or 653), in order to avoid a steep rise of the internal pressure, and thereby a possible jamming.
  • the piston may have a wall without of with a reinforced part, whereby said the reinforcement may be minimal, only avoiding any exorbitant swallowing up of the wall of the piston when inflated, and a foam, preferably an open cell foam.
  • the open cells may be containing a fluid, preferably a gaseous medium, optionally a liquid or a combination of a liquid and a gaseous medium.
  • Said foam may be inserted into the piston when the piston is in its first longitudinal position, and the wall of said piston is engagingly and/or sealingly connected to the wall of the chamber, so that it is filling up the biggest volume of said piston, when the wall of said piston is in tension, with a smaller wall thickness than that when produced (in the second longitudinal position).
  • the foam may be able to be compressible to an high order (e.g. 5:1 when using the piston of sections 19660 and /or 19680), so that the piston may be filled with a denser foam when being at a second longitudinal position, where almost all of the open cells have been closed - when moving from a first to a second longitudinal position the medium inside said foam may then be removed from said piston, e.g. to a piston rod.
  • the piston rod In order to avoid the building up of high pressure inside said piston rod, may the piston rod have a movable piston, which is reducing the volume of the medium in the open cells (when not being at a second longitudinal position). This high pressure would be causing of the piston becoming an actuator piston, and jamming when moving from a first to a second longitudinal position.
  • the result may be a piston which is changing size (and may additionally be changing shape), with just a sufficient sealing force to the wall of the chamber during the pump stroke, without moving itself, and without jamming
  • the wall of said piston made of a flexible material, e.g. rubber, makes said piston a reliable piston for a pump.
  • said container piston comprising a foam
  • This shrinkage may be compensated by a very small increasing of the pressure of the medium in said open cells, or by having another cavity within a impervious flexible wall, positioned within the center of said foam, said cavity may be inflated, and which then presses the foam towards the wall of said container piston, in order to get the wall to its originally planned position.
  • the separate wall part of a piston is 'sticking out' of the wall of the piston - it has thereby a bigger circumference that the rest of the wall nearby, while the transition of circumferences from the wall of said piston to the separate part is more or less abruptly or stepped.
  • the contact area of said separate part with the wall of said chamber may be small - this may be done by choosing the right shape of the separate part, e.g. circle segment, wherein the top of said segment is having contact with the wall of the chamber.
  • a new design for a combination of a chamber and a piston for e.g. a pump must ensure that the force to be applied to operate the pump during the entire pumping operation is low enough to be felt as being comfortable by the user, that the length of a stroke is suitable, especially for women and teenagers, that the pumping time is not prolonged, and that the pump has a niinimum of components reliable and almost free of maintenance time.
  • the invention relates to a combination of a piston and a chamber, wherein: the chamber defines an elongate chamber having a longitudinal axis,
  • the chamber having, at a first longitudinal position thereof, a first cross-sectional area thereof and, at a second longitudinal position thereof, a second cross-sectional area, the second cross-sectional area being 95% or less of the first cross-sectional area, the change in cross-section of the chamber being at least substantially continuous between the first and second longitudinal positions,
  • the piston being adapted to adapt itself to the cross-section of the chamber when moving from the first to the second longitudinal position of the chamber.
  • cross-sections are preferably taken perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis.
  • the variation of the cross- section of the chamber is preferably at least substantially continuous - that is, without abrupt changes in a longitudinal cross section of the inner wall.
  • the cross-sectional area of the chamber is the cross-sectional area of the inner space thereof in the cross-section selected.
  • the combination is used as a pump, whereby the movement of the piston will compress air and output this through a valve into e.g. a tyre.
  • the area of the piston and the pressure on the other side of the valve will determine the force required in order to provide a flow of air through the valve.
  • an adaptation of the force required may take place.
  • the volume of air provided will depend on the area of the piston.
  • the first translation of the piston will be relatively easy (the pressure is relatively low), whereby this may be performed with a large area.
  • a larger amount of air may be provided at a given pressure during a single stroke of a certain length.
  • the second cross-sectional area is 95-15%, such as 95-70% of the first cross- sectional area. In certain situations, the second cross-sectional area is approximately 50% of the first cross-sectional area.
  • a number of different technologies may be used in order to realise this combination. These technologies are described further in relation to the subsequent aspects of the invention.
  • piston comprises:
  • the support members being rotatable between 10° and 40° relative to the longitudinal axis.
  • the common member may be attached to a handle for use by an operator, and wherein the support members extend, in the chamber, in a direction relatively away from the handle.
  • the support members are rotatable so as to be at least approximately parallel to the longitudinal axis.
  • the combination may further comprise means for biasing the support members against an inner wall of the chamber
  • the piston comprises an elastically deformable container comprising a deformable material.
  • the deformable material may be a fluid or a mixture of fluids, such as water, steam, and/or gas, or a foam.
  • the container in a cross-section through the longitudinal direction, may have a first shape at the first longitudinal direction and a second shape at the second longitudinal direction, the first shape being different from the second shape.
  • At least part of the deformable material may be compressible and wherein the first shape has an area being larger than an area of the second shape.
  • the deformable material may be at least substantially incompressible
  • the piston may comprise an enclosed space communicating with the deformable container, the enclosed space having a variable volume.
  • the volume may be varied by an operator, and it may comprise a spring-biased piston.
  • Yet another technology is one , wherein the first cross-sectional shape is different from the second cross-sectional shape, the change in cross-sectional shape of the chamber being at least substantially continuous between the first and second longitudinal positions.
  • the first cross-sectional area may be at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, such as at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, such as at least 40%, preferably at least 50%, such as at least 60%, preferably at least 70%, such as at least 80, such as at least 90% larger than the second cross- sectional area.
  • first cross-sectional shape may be at least substantially circular and wherein the second cross-sectional shape is elongate, such as oval, having a first dimension being at least 2, such as at least 3, preferably at least 4 times a dimension at an angle to the first dimension.
  • first cross-sectional shape may be at least substantially circular and wherein the second cross-sectional shape comprises two or more at least substantially elongate, such as lobe-shaped, parts.
  • a first circumference of the chamber may be 80-120%, such as 85-115%, preferably 90-110, such as 95-105, preferably 98-102% of a second circumference of the chamber in the cross-section at the second longitudinal direction.
  • the first and second circumferences are at least substantially identical.
  • An optional or additional technology is one wherein the piston comprises:
  • an elastically deformable material being adapted to adapt itself to the cross-section of the chamber when moving from the first to the second longitudinal position of the chamber
  • a coiled flat spring having a central axis at least substantially along the longitudinal axis, the spring being positioned adjacently to the elastically deformable material so as to support the elastically deformable material in the longitudinal direction.
  • the piston may further comprise a number of flat supporting means positioned between the elastically deformable material and the spring, the supporting means being rotatable along an interface between the spring and the elastically deformable material.
  • the supporting means may be adapted to rotate from a first position to a second position where, in the first position, an outer boundary thereof may be comprised within the first cross-sectional area and where, in the second position, an outer boundary thereof may be comprised within the second cross-sectional area.
  • the invention in a second aspect, relates to a combination of a piston and a chamber, wherein: the chamber defines an elongate chamber having a longitudinal axis, the chamber having, at a first longitudinal position thereof, a first cross-sectional area thereof and, at a second longitudinal position thereof, a second cross-sectional area, the first cross-sectional area being larger than the second cross-sectional area, the change in cross-section of the chamber being at least substantially continuous between the first and second longitudinal positions, the piston being adapted to adapt itself to the cross-section of the chamber when moving from the first to the second longitudinal position of the chamber, the piston comprising: a plurality of at least substantially stiff support members rotatably fastened to a common member,
  • elastically deformable means supported by the supporting members, for sealing against an inner wall of the chamber the support members being rotatable between 10° and 40° relative to the longitudinal axis.
  • the support members are rotatable so as to be at least approximately parallel to the longitudinal axis.
  • the manner in which the piston is able to adapt to different areas and/or shapes is one wherein the piston comprises a number of rotatably fastened means holding a sealing means.
  • the piston has the overall shape of an umbrella.
  • the common member is attached to a handle for use by an operator, such as when the combination is used as a pump, and wherein the support members extend, in the chamber, in a direction relatively away from the handle.
  • the combination preferably comprises means for biasing the support members against an inner wall of the chamber.
  • the invention in a third aspect, relates to a combination of a piston and a chamber, wherein: the chamber defines an elongate chamber having a longitudinal axis, - the chamber having, at a first longitudinal position thereof, a first cross-sectional area thereof and, at a second longitudinal position thereof, a second cross-sectional area, the first cross-sectional area being larger than the second cross-sectional area, the change in cross-section of the chamber being at least substantially continuous between the first and second longitudinal positions, the piston being adapted to adapt itself to the cross-section of the chamber when moving from the first to the second longitudinal position of the chamber the piston comprising an elastically deformable container comprising a deformable material.
  • the deformable material may be a fluid or a mixture of fluids, such as water, steam, and/or gas, or foam. This material, or a part thereof, may be compressible, such as gas or a mixture of water and gas, or it may be at least substantially incompressible.
  • the volume of the container may change.
  • the container in a cross-section through the longitudinal direction, the container may have a first shape at the first longitudinal direction and a second shape at the second longitudinal direction, the first shape being different from the second shape.
  • at least part of the deformable material is compressible and the first shape has an area being larger than an area of the second shape.
  • the overall volume of the container changes, whereby the fluid should be compressible.
  • piston may comprise a second enclosed space communicating with the deformable container, the enclosed space having a variable volume. In that manner, that enclosed space may take up fluid when the deformable container changes volume.
  • the volume of the second container may be varied by an operator. In that manner, the overall pressure or maximum/minimum pressure of the container may be altered.
  • the second enclosed space may comprise a spring-biased piston.
  • a simple manner would be to have the defining means adapted to define the pressure in the enclosed space at least substantially identical to the pressure between the piston and the second longitudinal position of the container. In this situation, a simple piston between the two pressures may be provided (in order to not loose any of the fluid in the deformable container).
  • this piston may define any relation between the pressures in that the enclosed space in which the piston translates may taper in the same manner as the main chamber of the combination.
  • the container may comprise an elastically deformable -material comprising enforcement means, such as a fibre enforcement.
  • an internal pressure such as a pressure generated by a fluid in the container, is higher than the highest pressure of the surrounding atmosphere during translation of the piston from the first longitudinal position to the second longitudinal position or vice versa.
  • the invention relates to a combination of a piston and a chamber, wherein: the chamber defines an elongate chamber having a longitudinal axis, the chamber having, at a first longitudinal position thereof, a first cross-sectional shape and area thereof and, at a second longitudinal position thereof, a second cross-sectional shape and area, the first cross-sectional shape being different from the second cross-sectional shape, the change in cross- sectional shape of the chamber being at least substantially continuous between the first and second longitudinal positions,
  • the piston being adapted to adapt itself to the cross-section of the chamber when moving from the first to the second longitudinal position of the chamber.
  • This very interesting aspect is based on the fact that different shapes of e.g. a geometrical figure have varying relations between the circumference and the area thereof. Also, changing between two shapes may take place in a continuous manner so that the chamber may have one cross-sectional shape at one longitudinal position thereof and another at a second longitudinal position while maintaining the preferred smooth variations of the surface in the chamber.
  • the shape of a cross-section is the overall shape thereof - notwithstanding the size thereof. Two circles have the same shape even though one has a diameter different from that of the other.
  • the first cross-sectional area is at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, such as at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, such as at least 40%, preferably at least 50%, such as at least 60%, preferably at least 70%, such as at least 80, such as at least 90% larger than the second cross-sectional area.
  • the first cross-sectional shape is at least substantially circular and wherein the second cross-sectional shape is elongate, such as oval, having a first dimension being at least 2, such as at least 3, preferably at least 4 times a dimension at an angle to the first dimension.
  • the first cross-sectional shape is at least substantially circular and wherein the second cross-sectional shape comprises two or more at least substantially elongate, such as lobe-shaped, parts.
  • a first circumference of the chamber is 80-120%, such as 85-115%, preferably 90-110, such as 95-105, preferably 98-102% of a second circumference of the chamber in the cross-section at the second longitudinal direction
  • problems may arise when attempting to seal against a wall having varying dimensions due to the fact that the sealing material should both provide a sufficient sealing and change its dimensions. If, as is the situation in the preferred embodiment, the circumference changes only to a small degree, the sealing may be controlled more easily.
  • the first and second circumferences are at least substantially identical so that the sealing material is only bent and not stretched to any significant degree.
  • the circumference may be desired to change slightly in that when bending or deforming a sealing material, e.g. a bending will cause one side thereof to be compressed and another stretched. Overall, it is desired to provide the desired shape with a circumference at least close to that which the sealing material would automatically "choose".
  • One type of piston which may be used in this type of combination, is the one comprising:
  • elastically deformable means supported by the supporting members, for sealing against an inner wall of the chamber.
  • piston is the one comprising an elastically deformable container comprising a deformable material.
  • the chamber defines an elongate chamber having a longitudinal axis, the chamber having, at a first longitudinal position thereof, a first cross-sectional area thereof and, at a second longitudinal position thereof, a second cross-sectional area, the first cross-sectional area being larger than the second cross-sectional area, the change in cross-section of the chamber being at least substantially continuous between the first and second longitudinal positions
  • the piston comprising: an elastically deformable material being adapted to adapt itself to the cross-section of the chamber when moving from the first to the second longitudinal position of the chamber, and
  • a coiled flat spring having a central axis at least substantially along the longitudinal axis, the spring being positioned adjacently to the elastically deformable material so as to support the elastically deformable material in the longitudinal direction.
  • This embodiment solves the potential problem of merely providing a large mass of a resilient material as a piston.
  • the fact that the material is resilient will provide the problem of deformation of the piston and, if the pressure increases, lack of sealing due to the resiliency of the material. This is especially a problem if the dimension changes required are large.
  • the resilient material is supported by a helical flat spring.
  • a helical spring is able to be expanded and compressed in order to follow the area of the chamber while the flat structure of the material of the spring will ensure that the spring is not deformed by the pressure.
  • the piston may further comprise a number of flat supporting means positioned between the elastically deformable material and the spring, the supporting means being rotatable along an interface between the spring and the elastically deformable materialr
  • the supporting means are adapted to rotate from a first position to a second position where, in the first position, an outer boundary thereof may be comprised within the first cross-sectional area and where, in the second position, an outer boundary thereof may be comprised within the second cross-sectional area.
  • Another aspect of the invention is one relating to a combination of a piston and a chamber, wherein: the chamber defines an elongate chamber having a longitudinal axis, the piston being movable in the chamber from a first longitudinal position to a second longimdinal position, the chamber having an elastically deformable inner wall along at least part of the inner chamber wall between the first and second longitudinal positions, the chamber having, at a first longitudinal position thereof when the piston is positioned at that position, a first cross-sectional area thereof and, at a second longitudinal position thereof when the piston is positioned at that position, a second cross-sectional area, the first cross-sectional area being larger than the second cross-sectional area, the change in cross-section of the chamber being at least substantially continuous between the first and second longitudinal positions when the piston is moved between the first and second longitudinal positions.
  • this aspect relates to a chamber having adapting capabilities.
  • the piston may be made of an at least substantially incompressible material - or a combination may be made of the adapting chamber and an adapting piston - such as a piston according to the above aspects.
  • the piston has, in a cross section along the longitudinal axis, a shape tapering in a direction from to the second longitudinal positions.
  • a preferred manner of providing an adapting chamber is to have the chamber comprise:
  • the choice of fluid or a combination of fluids may help defining the properties of the chamber, such as the sealing between the wall and the piston as well as the force required etc.
  • one of the piston and the chamber may be stationary and the other moving - or both may be moving. This has no impact on the function of the combination.
  • the present combination may be used for a number of purposes in that it primarily focuses on a novel manner of providing an additional manner of tailoring translation of a piston to the force required/taken up.
  • the area/shape of the cross-section may be varied along the length of the chamber in order to adapt the combination for specific purposes and/or forces.
  • One purpose is to provide a pump for use by women or teenagers - a pump that nevertheless should be able to provide a certain pressure. In that situation, an ergonomically improved pump may be required by deteraiining the force which the person may provide at which position of the piston - and thereby provide a chamber with a suitable cross-sectional area/shape.
  • Another use of the combination would be for a shock absorber where the area/shape would determine what translation a certain shock (force) would require. Also, an actuator may be provided where the amount of fluid introduced into the chamber will provide differing translation of the piston depending on the actual position of the piston prior to the introducing of the fluid.
  • the nature of the piston, the relative positions of the first and the second longitudinal positions and the arrangement of any valves connected to the chamber may provide pumps, motors, actuators, shock absorbers etc. with different pressure characteristics and different force characteristics.
  • the piston pump is a handpump for tire inflation purposes it can have an integrated connector according to those disclosed in PCT/DK96/00055 (including the US Continuation in Part of 18 April 1997), PCT/DK97/00223 and/or PCT/DK98/00507.
  • the connectors can have an integrated pressure gauge of any type.
  • a pressure gauge arrangement can be integrated in this pump.
  • Certain piston types as e.g. those of Fig. 4A-F, 7A-E,7J, 12A-C may be combined with any type of chamber.
  • the combination of composite pistons as e.g. those shown in Fig. 9-12 may be used well with chambers of a convex type, irrespective of a possible change in the circumferical length.
  • Pistons of the 'embrella type' shown in this application have their open side at the side where the pressure of the medium in the chamber is loading the 'embrella' at the open side. It may also very well possible that the 'embrella' is working upside down.
  • the inflatable pistons with a skin with a fiber architecture which has been shown have an overpressure in the piston in relation to the pressure in the chamber. It is however also possible to have an equal or lower pressure in the piston than in the chamber - the fibers are than under pressure instead of under tension.
  • the resulting shape may be different than those which are shown in the drawings. In that case, any loading regulating means may have to be tuned differently, and the fibers may have to be supported.
  • the load regulating means showed in e.g. Fig. 9D or 12B may then be constructed so that the movement of the piston of the means gives a suction in the piston, e.g. by an elongation of the piston rod, so that the pistons are now at the other side of the holes in the piston rod.
  • the change in the form of the piston is than different and a collaps may be obtained. This may reduce the life-time.
  • reliable and inexpensive pumps optimized for manual operation e.g. universal bike pumps to be operated by women and teenagers, can be obtained.
  • the shape of the walls of the pressurizing chamber (longitudinal and/or transversal cross-section) and/or piston means of the pumps shown are examples and may be changed depending on the pump design specification.
  • the invention can also be used with all kinds of pumps, e.g. multiple-stage piston pumps as well as with dual-function pumps, piston pumps driven by a motor, pumps where e.g. only the chamber or piston is moving as well as types where both the chamber and the piston are moving simultaneously.
  • Any kind of medium may be pumped in the piston pumps.
  • Those pumps may be used for all kinds of applications, e.g. in pneumatic and/or hydraulic applications. And, the invention is also applicable for pumps which are not manually operated.
  • the reduction of the applied force means a substantial reduction of investments for equipment and a substantial reduction of energy during operation.
  • the chambers may be produced e.g. by injection molding, from taper swaged tubes etc.
  • a medium is sucked into a chamber which may thereafter be closed by a valve arrangement.
  • the medium is compressed by the movement of the chamber and/or the piston and a valve may release this compressed medium from the chamber.
  • a medium may be pressed into a chamber through a valve arrangement and the piston and/or the chamber is moving, initiating the movement of an attached devise.
  • shock absorbers the chamber may be completely closed, wherein the chamber a compressible medium can be compressed by the movement of the chamber and/or the piston.
  • the piston may be equipped with several small channels which give a dynamic friction, so that the movement is slowed down.
  • the invention can also be used in propulsion applications where a medium may be used to move a piston and/or a chamber, which can turn around an axis as e.g. in a motor.
  • a medium may be used to move a piston and/or a chamber, which can turn around an axis as e.g. in a motor.
  • the above combinations are applicable on all above mentioned applications.
  • the invention also relates to a pump for pumping a fluid, the pump comprising:
  • a fluid entrance connected to the chamber and comprising a valve means
  • the engaging means may have an outer position where the piston is in its first longimdinal position, and an inner position where the piston is in its second longitudinal position.
  • a pump of this type is preferred when a pressurised fluid is desired.
  • the engaging means may have an outer position where the piston is in its second longitudinal position, and an inner position where the piston is in its first longitudinal position.
  • a pump of this type is preferred when no substantial pressure is desired but merely transport of the fluid.
  • the largest force may, ergonomically, be provided at the lowest position of the piston/engaging means/handle.
  • this means that the highest pressure is provided there.
  • this merely means that the largest area and thereby the largest volume is seen at the lowest position.
  • the smallest cross-sectional area may be desired shortly before the lowest position of the engaging means in order for the resulting pressure to open the valve and a larger cross-sectional area to force more fluid into the tyre (See Fig. 2B).
  • the invention relates to a shock absorber comprising: - a combination according to any of the combination aspects,
  • the absorber may further comprise a fluid entrance connected to the chamber and comprising a valve means.
  • the absorber may comprise a fluid exit connected to the chamber and comprising a valve means. It may be preferred that the chamber and the piston forms an at least substantially sealed cavity comprising a fluid, the fluid being compressed when the piston moves from the first to the second longitudinal positions.
  • the absorber would comprise means for biasing the piston toward the first longitudinal position.
  • the invention also relates to an actuator comprising:
  • the actuator may comprise a fluid entrance connected to the chamber and comprising a valve means.
  • a fluid exit connected to the chamber and comprising a valve means may be provided.
  • the actuator may comprise means for biasing the piston toward the first or second longitudinal position.
  • All piston types specifically those which are containers with an elastically deformable wall may be sealingly connected to the chamber wall during its move between longitudinal positions, engagingly connected or not connected to the wall of the chamber. Or may be engagingly and sealingly connected to the chamber wall. Additionally may there be no engaging between said walls either, possibly touching the walls each other, and this may happen e.g. in the situation where the container is moving from a first to a second longitudinal position in a chamber.
  • the type of connection (sealingly and/or engagingly and/or touching and/or no connection) between said walls may be accomplished by using the correct inside pressure inside said container wall: high pressure for sealingly connection, a lower pressure for engagingly connection and e.g. atmospheric pressure for no connection (production sized container) - thus, a container with an enclosed space may be preferred, because the enclosed space may be controlling the pressure inside the container from a position outside the piston.
  • Another option for an engagingly connection is thin wall of the container, which may have reinforcements which are sticking out of the surface of said wall, so that leaking may happen between the wall of container and the wall of the chamber.
  • the chamber defines an elongate chamber having a longitudinal axis, the chamber having, at a first longitudinal position thereof, a first cross-sectional area thereof and, at a second longitudinal position thereof, a second cross-sectional area, the second cross-sectional area being 95% or less of the first cross-sectional area, the change i cross-section of the chamber being at least substantially continuous between the first and second longitudinal positions, the piston being adapted to adapt itself to the cross-section of the chamber when moving from the first to the second longitudinal position of the chamber.
  • the second cross-sectional area is between 95% and 15% of the first cross- sectional area.
  • the second cross-sectional area is 95-70% of the first cross-sectional area.
  • the second cross-sectional area is approximately 50% of the first cross- sectional area.
  • the piston comprises: a plurality of at least substantially stiff support members rotatably fastened to a common member, elastically deformable means, supported by the supporting members, for sealing against an inner wall of the chamber the support members being rotatable between 10° and 40° relative to the longitudinal axis.
  • the support members are rotatable so as to be at least approximately parallel to the longitudinal axis.
  • the common member is attached to a handle for use by an operator, wherein the support members extend, in the chamber, in a direction relatively away from the handle.
  • the combination further comprises means for biasing the support embers against an inner wall of the chamber.
  • the piston comprises an elastically deformable container comprising a deformable material.
  • the deformable material is a fluid or a mixture of fluids, such as water, steam, and/or gas, or a foam.
  • the container in a cross-section through the longitudinal direction, has a first shape at the first longitudinal direction and a second shape at the second longitudinal direction, the first shape being different from the second shape.
  • At least part of the deformable material is compressible and wherein the first shape has an area being larger than an area of the second shape.
  • the deformable material is at least substantially incompressible.
  • the piston comprises a chamber communicating with the deformable container, the chamber having a variable volume.
  • the volume may be varied by an operator.
  • the chamber comprises a spring-biased piston.
  • the combination further comprises means for defining the volume of the chamber so that a pressure of fluid in the chamber relates to a pressure of fluid between the piston and the second longitudinal position of the container.
  • the defining means are adapted to define the pressure in the chamber at least substantially identical to the pressure between the piston and the second longitudinal position of the container.
  • the first cross-sectional shape is different from the second cross-sectional shape, the change in cross-sectional shape of the chamber being at least substantially continuous between the first and second longitudinal positions.
  • the first cross-sectional area is at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, such as at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, such as at least 40%, preferably at least 50%, such as at least 60%, preferably at least 70%, such as at least 80%, such as at least 90% larger than the second cross-sectional area.
  • the first cross-sectional shape is at least substantially circular and wherein the second cross-sectional shape is elongate, such as oval, having a first dimension being at least 2, such as at least 3, preferably at least 4 times a dimension at an angle to the first dimension.
  • the first cross-sectional shape is at least substantially circular and wherein the second cross-sectional shape comprises two or more at least substantially elongate, such as lobe-shaped, parts.
  • a first circumference of the chamber is 80-120%, such as 85-115%, preferably 90-1 10, such as 95-105, preferably 98-102%) of a second circumference of the chamber in the cross-section at the second longitudinal direction.
  • first and second circumferences are at least substantially identical.
  • the piston comprises: an elastically deformable material being adapted to adapt itself to the cross-section of the chamber when moving from the first to the second longitudinal position of the chamber, and a coiled flat spring having a central axis at least substantially along the longitudinal axis, the spring being positioned adjacently to the elastically deformable material so as to support the elastically deformable material in the longitudinal direction.
  • the piston further comprises a number of flat supporting means positioned between the elastically deformable material and the spring, the supporting means being rotatable along an interface between the spring and the elastically deformable material.
  • the supporting means are adapted to rotate from a first position to a second position where, in the first position, an outer boundary thereof may be comprised within the first cross-sectional area and where, in the second position, an outer boundary thereof may be comprised within the second cross-sectional area.
  • the chamber defines an elongate chamber having a longitudinal axis, the chamber having, at a first longitudinal position thereof, a first cross-sectional area thereof and, at a second longitudinal position thereof, a second cross-sectional area, the first cross-sectional area being larger than the second cross- sectional area, the change in cross-section of the chamber being at least substantially continuous between the first and second longitudinal positions, the piston being adapted to adapt itself to the cross-section of the chamber when moving from the first to the second longitudinal position of the chamber, the piston comprising: a plurality of at least substantially stiff support members rotatably fastened to a common member, elastically deformable means, supported by the supporting members, for sealing against an inner wall of the chamber the support members being rotatable between 10° and 40° relative to the longitudinal axis.
  • the support members are rotatable so as to be at least approximately parallel to the longitudinal axis.
  • the common member is attached to a handle for use by an operator, and wherein the support members extend, in the chamber, in a direction relatively away from the handle.
  • the combination further comprises means for biasing the support members against an inner wall of the chamber
  • the chamber defines an elongate chamber having a longitudinal axis, the chamber having, at a first longitudinal position thereof, a first cross- sectional area thereof and, at a second longitudinal position thereof, a second cross- sectional area, the first cross-sectional area being larger than the second cross- sectional area, the change in cross-section of the chamber being at least substantially continuous between the first and second longitudinal positions, the piston being adapted to adapt itself to the cross-section of the chamber when moving from the first to the second longitudinal position of the chamber the piston comprising an elastically deformable container comprising a deformable material.
  • the deformable material is a fluid or a mixture of fluids, such as water, steam, and/or gas, or a foam.
  • the container in a cross-section through the longitudinal direction, has a first shape at the first longitudinal direction and a second shape at the second longitudinal direction, the first shape being different from the second- shape.
  • At least part of the deformable material is compressible and wherein the first shape has an area being larger than an area of the second shape.
  • the deformable material is at least substantially incompressible.
  • the piston comprises a chamber communicating with the deformable container, the chamber having a variable volume.
  • the volume may be varied by an operator.
  • the chamber comprises a spring-biased piston.
  • the combination further comprises means for defining the volume of the chamber so that a pressure of fluid in the chamber relates to a pressure of fluid between the piston and the second longitudinal position of the container.
  • the defining means are adapted to define the pressure in the chamber at least substantially identical to the pressure between the piston and the second longitudinal position of the container.
  • the container comprises an elastically deformable material comprising enforcement means.
  • the enforcement means comprise fibres.
  • the foam or fluid is adapted to provide, within the container, a pressure higher than the highest pressure of the surrounding atmosphere during translation of the piston from the first longitudinal position to the second longitudinal position or vice versa.
  • the chamber defines an elongate chamber having a longitudinal axis, the chamber having, at a first longitudinal position thereof, a first cross-sectional shape and area thereof and, at a second longitudinal position thereof, a second cross- sectional shape and area, the first cross-sectional shape being different from the second cross-sectional shape, the change in cross-sectional shape of the chamber being at least substantially continuous between the first and second longitudinal positions, the piston being adapted to adapt itself to the cross-section of the chamber when moving from the first to the second longitudinal position of the chamber.
  • the first cross-sectional area is at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, such as at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, such as at least 40%, preferably at least 50%, such as at least 60%, preferably at least 70%, such as at least 80, such as at least 90% larger than the second cross-sectional area.
  • the first cross-sectional shape is at least substantially circular and wherein the second cross-sectional shape is elongate, such as oval, having a first dimension being at least 2, such as at least 3, preferably at least 4 times a dimension at an angle to the first dimension.
  • the first cross-sectional shape is at least substantially circular and wherein the second cross-sectional shape comprises two or more at least substantially elongate, such as lobe-shaped, parts.
  • a first circumference of the chamber is 80-120%, such as 85-115%, preferably 90-110, such as 95-105, preferably 98-102% of a second circumference of the chamber in the cross-section at the second longitudinal direction.
  • first and second circumferences are at least substantially identical.
  • the piston comprises: a plurality of at least substantially stiff support members rotatably fastened to a common member, elastically deformable means, supported by the supporting members, for sealing against an inner wall of the chamber.
  • the piston comprises: an elastically deformable container comprising a deformable material.
  • the chamber defines an elongate chamber having a longitudinal axis, the chamber having, at a first longitudinal position thereof, a first cross-sectional area thereof and, at a second longitudinal position thereof, a second cross-sectional area, the first cross-sectional area being larger than the second cross- sectional area, the change in cross-section of the chamber being at least substantially continuous between the first and second longitudinal positions
  • the piston comprising: an elastically deformable material being adapted to adapt itself to the cross-section of the chamber when moving from the first to the second longitudinal position of the chamber, and - a coiled flat spring having a central axis at least substantially along the longitudinal axis, the spring being positioned adjacently to the elastically deformable material so as to support the elastically deformable material in the longitudinal direction.
  • the piston further comprises a number of flat supporting means positioned between the elastically deformable material and the spring, the supporting means being rotatable along an interface between the spring and the elastically deformable material.
  • the supporting means are adapted to rotate from a first position to a second position where, in the first position, an outer boundary thereof may be comprised within the first cross-sectional area and where, in the second position, an outer boundary thereof may be comprised within the second cross-sectional area.
  • the chamber defines an elongate chamber having a longitudinal axis, the piston being movable in the chamber from a first longitudinal position to a second longitudinal position, the chamber having an elastically deformable inner wall along at least part of the inner chamber wall between the first and second longitudinal positions, the chamber having, at a first longitudinal position thereof when the piston is positioned at that position, a first cross-sectional area thereof and, at a second longitudinal position thereof when the piston is positioned at that position, a second cross-sectional area, the first cross-sectional area being larger than the second cross-sectional area, the change in cross-section of the chamber being at least substantially continuous between the first and second longitudinal positions when the piston is moved between the first and second longitudinal positions.
  • the piston is made of an at least substantially incompressible material.
  • the piston has, in a cross section along the longitudinal axis, a shape tapering in a direction from to the second longitudinal positions.
  • the chamber comprises: an outer supporting structure enclosing the inner wall and a fluid held by a space defined by the outer supporting structure and the inner wall.
  • a pump for pumping a fluid comprising: a combination according to any of the preceding claims, means for engaging the piston from a position outside the chamber, a fluid entrance connected to the chamber and comprising a valve means, and a fluid exit connected to the chamber.
  • the engaging means have an outer position where the piston is in its first longitudinal position, and an inner position where the piston is in its second longitudinal position.
  • the engaging means have an outer position where the piston is in its second longitudinal position, and an inner position where the piston is in its first longitudinal position.
  • a shock absorber comprising: a combination as described above, means for engaging the piston from a position outside the chamber, wherein the engaging means have an outer position where the piston is in its first longitudinal position, and an inner position where the piston is in its second longitudinal position.
  • the shock absorber further comprises a fluid entrance connected to the chamber and comprising a valve means.
  • the shock absorber further comprises a fluid exit connected to the chamber and comprising a valve means.
  • a fluid exit connected to the chamber and comprising a valve means.
  • the chamber and the piston forms an at least substantially sealed cavity comprising a fluid, the fluid being compressed when the piston moves from the first to the second longitudinal positions.
  • shock absorber further comprises means for biasing the piston toward the first longitudinal position.
  • an actuator comprising: a combination as described above, means for engaging the piston from a position outside the chamber, means for introducing fluid into the chamber in order to displace the piston between the first and the second longitudinal positions.
  • the actuator further comprises a fluid entrance connected to the chamber and comprising a valve means.
  • the actuator further comprises a fluid exit connected to the chamber and comprising a valve means.
  • the actuator further comprises means for biasing the piston toward the first or second longitudinal position.
  • the introducing means comprise means for introducing pressurised fluid into the chamber.
  • the introducing means are adapted to introduce a combustible fluid, such as gasoline or diesel, into the chamber, and wherein the actuator further comprises means for combusting the combustible fluid.
  • the actuator further comprises a crank adapted to translate the translation of the piston into a rotation of the crank.
  • a piston-chamber combination comprising an elongate chamber (70) which is bounded by an inner chamber wall (71,73,75) and comprising a piston means (76,76', 163) in said chamber, the piston means comprising sealing means to be sealingly movable relative to said chamber at least between first and second longitudinal positions of said chamber, said chamber having cross-sections of different cross-sectional areas at the first and second longitudinal positions of said chamber and at least substantially continuously differing cross-sectional areas at intermediate longitudinal positions between the first and second longitudinal positions thereof, the cross-sectional area at the first longitudinal position being larger than the cross- sectional area at the second longitudinal position, said piston means being designed to adapt itself and said sealing means to said different cross-sectional areas of said chamber during the relative movements of said piston means from the first longitudinal position through said intermediate longitudinal positions to the second longitudinal position of said chamber, wherein the cross-sections of the different
  • cross-sectional areas have different cross-sectional shapes, the change in cross-sectional shape of the chamber (162) being continuous between the first and second longitudinal positions of the chamber (162), wherein the piston means (163) is further designed to adapt itself and the sealing means to the different cross-sectional shapes, and wherein a first circumferential length of the cross-sectional shape of the cylinder (162) at the first longitudinal position thereof amounts to 80-120% of a second circumferential length of the cross-sectional shape of the chamber (162) at the second longitudinal position thereof.
  • the cross- sectional shape of the chamber (162) at the first longitudinal position thereof is at least substantially circular and wherein the cross-sectional shape of the chamber (162) at the second longitudinal position thereof is elongate, such as oval, having a first dimension being at least 2, such as at least 3, preferably at least 4 times a dimension at an angle to the first dimension.
  • the cross- sectional shape of the chamber (162) at the first longitudinal position thereof is at least substantially circular and wherein the cross-sectional shape of the chamber (162) at the second longitudinal position thereof comprises two or more at least substantially elongate, such as lobe-shaped, parts.
  • first circumferential length of the cross-sectional shape of the cylinder (162) at the first longitudinal position thereof amounts to 85-115%, preferably 90-1 10, such as 95-105, preferably 98-102%), of a second circumferential length of the cross-sectional shape of the chamber (162) at the second longitudinal position thereof.
  • 90-1 10 such as 95-105, preferably 98-102%
  • second circumferential lengths are at least substantially identical.
  • cross-sectional area of said chamber at the second longitudinal position thereof is 95% or less of the cross-sectional area of said chamber (162)at the first longitudinal position thereof.
  • a pump for pumping a fluid comprising:
  • a fluid entrance connected to the chamber and comprising a
  • valve means and a fluid exit connected to the chamber
  • the engaging means Preferably are the engaging means
  • a shock absorber which is further comprising
  • a fluid entrance connected to the chamber (162) and comprising
  • shock absorber which is further
  • shock absorber which is
  • an actuator comprising:
  • an actuator which is further comprising a
  • an actuator which is further comprising
  • a fluid exit connected to the chamber and comprising a valve means.
  • an actuator which is further
  • the introducing means comprise means for introducing
  • the introducing means are adapted to introduce a combustible fluid, such as gasoline or diesel, into the chamber (162), and wherein the actuator further comprises means for combusting the combustible fluid.
  • a combustible fluid such as gasoline or diesel
  • the invention relates to a combination of a piston and a chamber, wherein: the container is made to be elastically expandable and to have its circumpherical length in the stressfree and undeformed state of its production size approximately the circumpherential length of the inner chamber wall of the container at said second longitudinal position.
  • the second cross-sectional area is 98-5%, such as 95-70% of the first cross- sectional area. In certain situations, the second cross-sectional area is approximately 50% of the first cross-sectional area.
  • One such technology is one wherein the piston comprises a container comprising a deformable material.
  • the deformable material may be a fluid or a mixture of fluids, such as water, steam, and/or gas, or a foam.
  • This material, or a part thereof, may be compressible, such as gas or a mixture of water and gas, or it may be at least substantially incompressible.
  • the deformable material may also be spring-force operated devices, such as springs.
  • the container may be adjustable to provide sealing to the wall of the chamber having different cross-sectional area's and different circumpherential sizes. This may be achieved by choosing the production size (stress free, undeformed) of the piston approximately equivalent to the circumpherencial length of the smallest cross-sectional area of a cross- section of the chamber, and to expand it when moving to a longitudinal position with a bigger circumpherential length and to contract it when moving in the opposite direction.
  • a pressure level of a certain size depends on the difference in circumpherential length of the cross sections, and on the possibility to get a suitable sealing at the cross section with the smallest circumpherential length. If the difference is big, and the appropriate pressure level too high to obtain a suitable sealing force at the smallest circumpherential length, than change of the pressure may be arranged during the stroke. This calls for a pressure management of the piston.
  • the container may have a first shape at the first longitudinal direction and a second shape at the second longitudinal direction, the first shape may be different from the second shape. In one situation, at least part when the deformable material is compressible and the first shape has an area being larger than an area of the second shape.
  • the piston may comprise an enclosed space communicating with the deformable container, said enclosed space having a variable volume.
  • the enclosed space may take up or release fluid when the deformable container changes volume.
  • the change of the volume of the container is by that automatically adjustable. It may result in that the pressure in the container remains constant during the stroke.
  • the enclosed space may comprise a spring-biased piston.
  • This spring may define the pressure in the piston.
  • the volume of the enclosed space may be varied. In that manner, the overall pressure or maximum/minimum pressure of the container may be altered.
  • the spaces When the enclosed space is updivided into a first and a second enclosed space, the spaces further comprising means for defining the volume of the first enclosed space so that the pressure of fluid in the first enclosed space may relate to the pressure in the second enclosed space.
  • the last mentioned space may be inflatable e.g. by means of a valve, preferably an inflation valve, such as a Schrader valve.
  • a possible pressure drop in the container due to leakage e.g. through the wall of the container may be balanced by inflation of the second enclosed space through the defining means.
  • the defining means may be a pair of pistons, one in each enclosed space.
  • the defining means may be adapted to define the pressure in the first enclosed space and in the container at least substantially constant during the stroke.
  • any kind of pressure level in the container may be defined by the defining means: e.g. a pressure raise may be necessary when the wall of the container expands when the piston moves to such a big cross-sectional area at the first longitudinal position that the contact area and/or contact pressure at the present pressure value may become too little, in order to maintain a suitable sealing
  • defining means may be a pair of pistons, one in each enclosed space.
  • the second enclosed space may be inflated to a certain pressure level, so that a pressure raise may be communicated to the first enclosed space and the container, despite the fact that the volume of the container and thus the second enclosed space may become bigger as well. This may be achieved by e.g. a combination of a piston and a chamber (the second enclosed space) with different cross-sectional area's in the piston rod.
  • a pressure drop may also be designable.
  • Pressure management of the piston may also be achieved by relating the pressure of fluid in the enclosed space with the pressure of fluid in the chamber.
  • the pressure of the deformable container may be varied in order to obtain a suitable sealing.
  • a simple manner would be to have the defining means adapted to define the pressure in the enclosed space to raise when the container is moving from the second longitudinal position to the first longitudinal position. In this situation, a simple piston between the two pressures may be provided (in order to not loose any of the fluid in the deformable container).
  • this piston may define any relation between the pressures in that the chamber in which the piston translates may taper in the same manner as the main chamber of the combination.
  • a device which is transportable directly from the piston rod into the container may also change the volume and/or the pressure in the container.
  • the piston does not have or communicate (closed system) or does have or communicate with a valve for inflation.
  • the fluid may be non-permeable for the material of the wall of the container.
  • a step in the mounting process may than be that the volume of the container is permanently closed, after having put the fluid in the volume of the piston, and after having been positioned at the second longitudinal position of the chamber.
  • the obtainable velocity of the piston may depend on the possibility for a big fluid flow without too much friction to and from the first closed chamber.
  • the wall of the container may be permeable for the fluid.
  • the container may be inflated by a pressure source which is comprised in the piston. Or an external pressure source, like one outside the combination and/or when the chamber is the source itself. All solutions demand a valve communicating with the piston.
  • This valve may preferably an inflation valve, best a Schrader valve or in general, a valve with a spring force operated valve core.
  • the Schrader valve has a spring biased valve core pin and closes independent of the pressure in the piston, and all kinds of fluids may flow through it. It may however also be another valve type, e.g. a check valve.
  • the container may be inflated through an enclosed space where the spring-biased tuning piston operates as a check valve.
  • the fluid may flow through longitudinal ducts in the bearing of the piston rod of the spring biased piston, from a pressure source, e.g. an external pressure source or e.g. an internal pressure container.
  • the inflation may be done with the chamber as the pressure source, as the second enclosed space may prohibit inflation through it to the first enclosed space.
  • the chamber may have an inlet valve in the foot of the chamber.
  • an inflation valve e.g. a valve with a spring-force operated valve core such as a Schrader valve may be used, together with an actuator.
  • This may be an activating pin according to WO 96/10903 or WO 97/43570, or a valve actuator according to WO99/26002 or US 5,094,263.
  • the core pin of the valve is moving towards the chamber when closing.
  • the activating pins from the above cited WO-documents have the advantage that the force to open the spring-force operated valve core is so low, that inflation may be easily done by a manually operated pump.
  • the actuator cited in the US-patent may need the force of a normal compressor.
  • the piston When the working pressure in the chamber is higher than the pressure in the piston, the piston may be inflated automatically.
  • valve When the working pressure in the chamber is lower than the pressure in the piston than it is necessary to obtain a higher pressure by e.g. temporary closing the outlet valve in the foot of the chamber.
  • the valve is e.g. a Schrader valve which may be opened by means of a valve actuator according to WO 99/26002, this may be achieved by creating a bypass in the form of a channel by connecting the chamber and the space between the valve actuator and the core pin of the valve.
  • This bypass may be openened (the Schrader valve may remain closed) and closed (the Schrader valve may open) and may be accomplished by e.g. a movable piston.
  • the movement of this piston may be arranged manually e.g.
  • a pedal which is turning around an axle by an operator from an inactive position to an active position and vice versa. It may also be achieved by other means like an actuator, initiated by the result of a pressure measurement in the chamber and/or the container.
  • Obtaining the predetermined pressure in the container may be achieved manually - the operator being informed by a pressure gauge e.g. a manometer which is measuring the pressure in the container. It may also be achieved automatically, e.g. by a release valve in the container which releases the fluid when the pressure of the fluid exceeds the maximum pressure set. It may also be achieved by a spring- force operated cap which closes the channel from the pressure source above the valve actuator when the pressure exceeds a certain pre-determined pressure value.
  • Another solution is that of a comparable solution of the closable bypass of the outlet valve of the chamber - a pressure measurement may be necessary in the container, which may steer an actuator which is opening and closing the bypass of the valve actuator according to WO 99/26002 of e.g. a Schrader valve of the container at a pre-determined pressure value.
  • One such technology is one wherein the piston comprises a container comprising an elastically deformable container wall.
  • Expansion or contraction of the container wall which is initiated by the changing size of the circumpherential length of a cross-section may be enabled by choosing a reinforcement which forces the wall of the container to expand or contract in 3 dimensions. Therefore, no surplus material between the wall of the container and the wall of the chamber will remain.
  • the reinforcement of the wall of the container may be and/or may be not positioned in the wall of the container.
  • a reinforcement in the wall of the container may be made of a textile material. It may be one layer, but preferably at least two layers which cross each other, so that the reinforcement may be easier to mount.
  • the layers may e.g. be woven or knitted. As the woven threads lay in different layers closely to each other, the threads may be made of an elastic material.
  • the layers may be vulcanized within e.g. two layers of elastic material, e.g. rubber.
  • the sealing of the wall of the container to the wall of the chamber may be established by pressurizing the container to a certain pressure.
  • the contact of the wall of the container prohibit the internal pressure to expand the container in such a way that the contact length will become too large, and avoids by that j arnming.
  • a knitted reinforcement may be e.g. made of an elastic thread and/or elastically bendable thread.
  • the expansion of the wall of the container may be made by stretching the bended loops of the knittings. The stretched loops may become back to its undeformed state when the wall of the container contracts.
  • a textile reinforcement may be produced on a production line where the woven or knitted textile reinforcement lay as a cylinder within two layers of elastic material. Within the smallest cylinder a bar is positioned on which caps are being held in a sequence top-down-top-down etc. and these may move on that bar. At the end of the line an vulcanisation oven is being held. The inside of the oven may have the size and the form of the container in a stressfree and underformed state. The part of the cylinders being inside the oven is being cut on length, two caps being positioned within the cylinders at both ends, and being kept there. The oven is closed, and steam of over 100°C and high pressure is put in. After approx.
  • the oven may be opened and the ready produced container wall with the two caps vulcanised in that wall.
  • the minutes lead time of the vulcanisation there may more than one oven, e.g. rotating or translating, and all ending at the end of the production line. It may also be possible to have more than one oven on the production line itself, using the transport lead time as the vulcanisation time.
  • the reinforced fibers may be produced by e.g. injection moulding, incl. an assembling socket or by cutting a string, which thereafter is being put at both ends onto assembling socket. Both options may easily series produced. For the rest will the production process be analogous with the above mentioned ones regarding the textile reinforcement.
  • the piston comprising an elastically deformable container may also comprise reinforcement means which are not positioned in the wall, e.g. a plurality of elastic arms, which may or may not be inflatable, connected to the wall of the container.
  • reinforcement means which are not positioned in the wall, e.g. a plurality of elastic arms, which may or may not be inflatable, connected to the wall of the container.
  • the reinforcement functions also to limit the deformation of the wall of the container due to the pressure in the chamber.
  • Another option is a reinforcement outside the wall of the container.
  • Another aspect of the invention is one relating to a combination of a piston and a chamber, wherein:
  • the chamber defines an elongate chamber having a longitudinal axis
  • the piston being' movable in the chamber at least from a second longitudinal position to a first longitudinal position
  • the chamber having an elastically deformable inner wall along at least part of the inner chamber wall between the first and second longitudinal positions,
  • the chamber having, at a first longitudinal position thereof when the piston is positioned at that position, a first cross-sectional area thereof and, at a second longitudinal position thereof when the piston is positioned at that position, a second cross-sectional area, the first cross-sectional area being larger than the second cross-sectional area, the change in cross-section of the chamber being at least substantially continuous between the first and second longitudinal positions when the piston is moved between the first and second longitudinal positions.
  • this aspect relates to a chamber having adapting capabilities.
  • the piston may be made of an at least substantially incompressible material - or a combination may be made of the adapting chamber and an adapting piston - such as a piston according to the above aspects.
  • the piston has, in a cross section along the longitudinal axis, a shape tapering in a direction from to the second longitudinal positions.
  • a preferred manner of providing an adapting chamber is to have the chamber comprise:
  • the choice of fluid or a combination of fluids may help defining the properties of the chamber, such as the sealing between the wall and the piston as well as the force required etc.
  • the invention relates to a combination of a piston and a chamber, wherein: the chamber defines an elongate chamber having a longitudinal axis, the chamber having, at a first longi dinal position thereof, a first cross-sectional shape and area thereof and, at a second longitudinal position thereof, a second cross-sectional shape and area, the first cross-sectional shape being different from the second cross-sectional shape, the change in cross- sectional shape of the chamber being at least substantially continuous between the first and second longitudinal positions,
  • the piston being adapted to adapt itself to the cross-section of the chamber when moving from the first to the second longitudinal position of the chamber.
  • This very interesting aspect is based on the fact that different shapes of e.g. a geometrical figure have varying relations between the circumference and the area thereof. Also, changing between two shapes may take place in a continuous manner so that the chamber may have one cross-sectional shape at one longitudinal position thereof and another at a second longitudinal position while mamtaining the preferred smooth variations of the surface in the chamber.
  • the shape of a cross-section is the overall shape thereof - notwimstanding the size thereof. Two circles have the same shape even though one has a diameter different from that of the other.
  • the first cross-sectional area is at least 2%, such at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, such as at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, such as at least 40%, preferably at least 50%, such as at least 60%, preferably at least 70%, such as at least 80, such as at least 90%, such at least 95% larger than the second cross-sectional area.
  • the first cross-sectional shape is at least substantially circular and wherein the second cross-sectional shape is elongate, such as oval, having a first dimension being at least 2, such as at least 3, preferably at least 4 times a dimension at an angle to the first dimension.
  • the first cross-sectional shape is at least substantially circular and wherein the second cross-sectional shape comprises two or more at least substantially elongate, such as lobe-shaped, parts.
  • a first circumference of the chamber is 80-120%, such as 85-115%, preferably 90-110, such as 95-105, preferably 98-102% of a second circumference of the chamber in the cross-section at the second longitudinal direction
  • problems may arise when attempting to seal against a wall having varying dimensions due to the fact that the sealing material should both provide a sufficient sealing and change its dimensions. If, as is the situation in the preferred embodiment, the circumference changes only to a small degree, the sealing may be controlled more easily.
  • the first and second circumferences are at least substantially identical so that the sealing material is only bent and not stretched to any significant degree.
  • the circumference may be desired to change slightly in that when bending or deforming a sealing material, e.g. a bending will cause one side thereof to be compressed and another stretched. Overall, it is desired to provide the desired shape with a circumference at least close to that which the sealing material would automatically "choose".
  • One type of piston which may be used in this type of combination, is the one comprising a piston comprising a deformable container.
  • the container may be elastically or non-elastically deformable. In the last way the wall of the container may bent while moving in the chamber.
  • Elastically deformable containers with a production size approximately the size of the circumpherencial length of the first longitudinal position of the chamber, having a reinforcement type which allows contraction with high frictional forces may also be used in this type of combination, and may be specifically with high velocities of the piston.
  • Elastically deformable containers with a production size approximately the size of the circumpherencial length of the second longitudinal position of the chamber, having a reinforcement type of the skin which allows parts of the wall of the container having different distances from the central axis of the chamber in a longitudinal cross-section of the chamber may also be used.
  • one of the piston and the chamber may be stationary and the other moving - or both may be moving. This has no impact on the functioning of the combination.
  • the piston may also slide over an internal and an external wall.
  • the internal wall may have a taper form, while the external wall is cylindrical.
  • the present combination may be used for a number of purposes in that it primarily focuses on a novel manner of providing an additional manner of tailoring translation of a piston to the force required/taken up.
  • the area/shape of the cross-section may be varied along the length of the chamber in order to adapt the combination for specific purposes and/or forces.
  • One purpose is to provide a pump for use by women or teenagers - a pump that nevertheless should be able to provide a certain pressure. In that situation, an ergonomically improved pump may be required by determining the force which the person may provide at which position of the piston - and thereby provide a chamber with a suitable cross-sectional area/shape.
  • Another use of the combination would be for a shock absorber where the area/shape would determine what translation a certain shock (force) would require. Also, an actuator may be provided where the amount of fluid introduced into the chamber will provide differing translation of the piston depending on the actual position of the piston prior to the introducing of the fluid.
  • the nature of the piston, the relative positions of the first and the second longitudinal positions and the arrangement of any valves connected to the chamber may provide pumps, motors, actuators, shock absorbers etc. with different pressure characteristics and different force characteristics.
  • the preferred embodiments of the combination of a chamber and a piston have been described as examples to be used in piston pumps. This however should not limit the coverage of this invention to the said application, as it may be mainly the valve arrangement of the chamber besides the fact which item or medium may initiate the movement, which may be decisive for the type of application: pump, actuator, shock absorber or motor.
  • a medium may be sucked into a chamber which may thereafter be closed by a valve arrangement.
  • the medium may be compressed by the movement of the chamber and/or the piston and thereafter a valve may release this compressed medium from the chamber.
  • a medium may be pressed into a chamber by a valve arrangement and the piston and or the chamber may be moving, initiating the movement of an attached device.
  • shock absorbers the chamber may be completely closed, wherein a compressible medium may be compressed by the movement of the chamber and/or the piston.
  • a non-compressible medium may be positioned inside the chamber, e.g. the piston may be equipped by several small channels which may give a dynamic friction, so that the movement may be slowed down.
  • the invention may also be used in propulsion applications where a medium may be used to move a piston and/or a chamber, which may turn around an axis as e.g. in a motor. Any kind of The principles according this invention may be applicable on all above mentioned applications.
  • the invention also relates to a pump for pumping a fluid, the pump comprising:
  • a fluid entrance connected to the chamber and comprising a valve means
  • a fluid exit connected to the chamber.
  • the engaging means may have an outer position where the piston is in its first longitudinal position, and an inner position where the piston is in its second longitudinal position.
  • a pump of this type is preferred when a pressurised fluid is desired.
  • the engaging means may have an outer position where the piston is in its second longitudinal position, and an inner position where the piston is in its first longitudinal position.
  • a pump of this type is preferred when no substantial pressure is desired but merely transport of the fluid.
  • the largest force may, ergonomically, be provided at the lowest position of the piston/engaging means/handle.
  • the smallest cross-sectional area may be desired shortly before the lowest position of the engaging means in order for the resulting pressure to open the valve and a larger cross-sectional area to force more fluid into the tyre.
  • the pump according to the invention may use substantial less working force than comparable pumps based on the traditional piston-cylinder combination, e.g. water pumps may extraxt water from greater depths. This feature is of great significance e.g. in underdeveloped countries.
  • the chamber according to the invention may have another function. It may comply to the physical needs (ergonomical) of the user by a proper design of the chamber, e.g. as if there existed a pressure difference: e.g. according to Figs. 17B and 17A respectively. This may also be accomplished by the use of valves.
  • the invention also relates to a piston which seals to a cylinder, and at the same time to a tapered cylinder.
  • the piston may or may not comprise an elastically deformable container.
  • the resulting chamber may be of the type where the cross-sectional area's have different circumpherential sizes or that these may be identical.
  • the piston may comprise one of more piston rods. Also the cylinder at the outside may be cylindrical or tapered as well.
  • the invention relates to a shock absorber comprising:
  • the absorber may further comprise a fluid entrance connected to the chamber and comprising a valve means. Also, the absorber may comprise a fluid exit connected to the chamber and comprising a valve means.
  • the chamber and the piston forms an at least substantially sealed cavity comprising a fluid, the fluid being compressed when the piston moves from the first to the second longitudinal positions.
  • the absorber would comprise means for biasing the piston toward the first longitudinal position.
  • an actuator comprising:
  • the actuator may comprise a fluid entrance connected to the chamber and comprising a valve means.
  • a fluid exit connected to the chamber and comprising a valve means may be provided.
  • the actuator may comprise means for biasing the piston toward the first or second longitudinal position.
  • the invention relates to a motor comprising
  • the invention also relates to a power unit, which preferably may be movable, e.g. by parachute - a M(ovable) P(ower) U(nit).
  • a power unit may comprise a power source of any kind, preferably at least one set of solar sells, and a power device, e.g. a motor according to the invention.
  • All piston types specifically those which are containers with an elastically deformable wall may be sealingly connected to the chamber wall during its move between longitudinal positions, engagingly connected or not connected to the wall of the chamber. Or may be engagingly and sealingly connected to the chamber wall. Additionally may there be no engaging between said walls either, possibly touching the walls each other, and this may happen e.g. in the situation where the container is moving from a first to a second longitudinal position in a chamber.
  • the type of connection (sealingly and/or engagingly and/or touching and/or no connection) between said walls may be accomplished by using the correct inside pressure inside said container wall: high pressure for sealingly connection, a lower pressure for engagingly connection and e.g. atmospheric pressure for no connection (production sized container) - thus, a container with an enclosed space may be preferred, because the enclosed space may be controlling the pressure inside the container from a position outside the piston.
  • Another option for an engagingly connection is thin wall of the container, which may have reinforcements which are sticking out of the surface of said wall, so that leaking may happen between the wall of container and the wall of the chamber.
  • a piston-chamber combination comprising an elongate chamber which is bounded by an inner chamber wall, and comprising a piston in said chamber to be sealingly movable relative to said chamber wall at least between a first longitudinal position and a second longitudinal position of the chamber, said chamber having cross- sections of different cross-sectional areas and different circumferential lengths at the first and second longitudinal positions, and at least substantially continuously different cross-sectional areas and circumferential lengths at intermediate longitudinal positions between the first and second longitudinal positions, the cross-sectional area and circumferential length at said second longitudinal position being smaller than the cross-sectional area and circumferential length at said first longitudinal position, said piston comprising a container which is elastically deformable thereby providing for different cross-sectional areas and circumferential lengths of the piston adapting the same to said different cross-sectional areas and different circumferential lengths of the chamber during the relative movements of the piston between the first and second longitudinal positions through said intermediate longitudinal positions of the chamber, wherein: the piston is produced to
  • the container inflatable and said container being elastically deformable and being inflatable to provide for different cross-sectional areas and circumferential lengths of the piston.
  • the cross-sectional area of said chamber at the second longitudinal position thereof is between 98 % and 5 % of the cross-sectional area of said chamber at the first longitudinal position thereof.
  • the cross-sectional area of said chamber at the second longitudinal position thereof 95 - 15 % of the cross-sectional area of said chamber at the first longitudinal position thereof.
  • the cross-sectional area of said chamber at the second longitudinal position thereof approximately 50% of the cross-sectional area of said chamber at the first longitudinal position thereof.
  • the container containing a deformable material Preferably is the container containing a deformable material.
  • the deformable material a fluid or a mixture of fluids, such as water, steam and/or gas, or a foam.
  • the deformable material comprising spring-force operated devices, such as springs.
  • the container when being positioned at the first longitudinal position of the chamber, a first shape which is different from a second shape of the container when being positioned at the second longitudinal position of said chamber.
  • the first shape has an area being larger than an area of the second shape.
  • the deformable material is at least substantially incompressible.
  • the container inflatable to a certain pre-determined pressure value.
  • the piston comprising an enclosed space communicating with the deformable container, the enclosed space having a variable volume.
  • the first enclosed space comprising a spring-biased pressure tuning piston.
  • the defining means are adapted to define the pressure in the first enclosed space during the stroke.
  • the defining means adapted to define the pressure in the first enclosed space at least substantially constant during the stroke.
  • the spring-biased pressure tuning piston a check valve through which fluid of an external pressure source can flow into the first enclosed space.
  • the fluid from an external pressure source enter the second enclosed space through an inflation valve, preferably a valve with a core pin biased by a spring, such as a Schrader valve from an external pressure source.
  • the piston communicating with at least one valve.
  • the piston comprising a pressure source.
  • valve an inflation valve, preferably a valve with a core pin biased by a spring, such as a Schrader valve.
  • valve a check valve.
  • the foot of the chamber connected to at least one valve.
  • the outlet valve an inflation valve, preferably a valve with a core pin biased by a spring, such as a Schrader valve, said core pin is moving towards the chamber when closing the valve.
  • a spring such as a Schrader valve
  • the core pin of the valve connected to an actuator which opens or close the valve.
  • the actuator a valve actuator for operating with valves having a spring-force operated valve core pin, comprising a housing to be connected to a pressure medium source, within the housing a coupling section for receiving the valve to be actuated, a cylinder surrounded by a cylinder wall of a predetermined cylinder wall diameter and having a first cylinder end and a second cylinder end which is farther away from the coupling section than the first cylinder end, a piston which is movably located in the cylinder and fixedly coupled to an activating pin for engaging with the spring-force operated valve core pin of the valve received in the coupling section, and a conducting channel, for conducting pressure media from the cylinder to the coupling section when the piston is moved into a first piston position in which the piston is at a first predetermined distance from the first cylinder end, the conduction of the pressure media between the cylinder and the coupling section being inhibited when the piston is moved into a second piston position in which the piston is at a second predermined distance from the first cylinder end which
  • the actuator is a valve actuator for operating with valves having a spring-force operated valve core pin, comprising a housing to be connected to a pressure medium source, within the housing a coupling section for receiving the valve to be actuated, a cylinder circumferentially surrounded by a cylinder wall of a predetermined cylinder wall diameter and having a first cylinder end and a second cylinder end which is farther away from the coupling section than said first cylinder end and is connected to the housing for receiving pressure medium from said pressure source, a piston which is movably located in the cylinder and fixedly coupled to an activating pin for engaging with the spring-force operated valve core pin of the valve received in the coupling section, and a conducting channel between said second cylinder end and said coupling section for conducting pressure medium from said second cylinder end to the coupling section when the piston is moved into a first piston position in which the piston is at a first predetermined distance from said first cylinder end, said conduction of pressure medium between said second cylinder end and the coupling section being inhibited
  • an actuator valve for a container type piston pressure management system that selectively feeds pressurized air to the interior of a container type piston
  • said valve comprising, a valve body with a cylindrical central passage opening both to said pressurized fluid and to the interior of said container type piston, a spring loaded check valve tightly received in said central passage that blocks said central passage when closed and allows flow of fluid through when opened, a spring loaded piston slidably received within said passage above said check valve that slides from an off-position toward said check valve to an on-position when said pressurized fluid is supplied and off again when said pressurized fluid is removed, said piston engaging the surface of said central passage with sufficient clearance to allow unrestricted sliding, but not closely enough to prevent the leakage of pressurized fluid between said piston and central passage surface, a stem carried by said piston and engageable with said check valve to open it and allow the passage of pressurized fluid to said check valve and to said container type piston interior as said piston moves to the on-position, a stationary plug in said central passage between said check valve and
  • an actuator valve for a container type piston pressure management system that selectively feeds pressurized fluid to the interior of said container type piston
  • said valve comprising, a valve body with a cylindrical central passage opening both to said pressurized fluid and to the interior of said container type piston, a spring loaded check valve tightly received in said central passage that blocks said central passage when closed and allows flow of fluid through when opened, a spring loaded piston slidably received within said passage above said check valve that slides from an off-position toward said check valve to an on-position when said pressurized fluid is supplied and off again when said pressurized fluid is removed, said piston engaging the surface of said central passage with sufficient clearance to allow unrestricted sliding, but not closely enough to prevent the leakage of pressurized fluid between said piston and central passage surface, a stem carried by said piston and engageable with said check valve to open it and allow the passage of pressurized fluid to said check valve and to said container type piston interior as said piston moves to the on-position, an outer annular disk and an inner annular disk abut
  • an activating pin for connecting to inflation valves, comprising a housing to be connected to a pressure source, within the housing a connection hole having a central axis and an inner diameter approximately corresponding to the outer diameter of the inflation valve to which the activating pin is to be connected, and a cylinder and means for conducting liquid media between the cylinder and the pressure source, and where the activating pin is arranged to engage a central spring- force operated core pin of the inflation valve, is arranged to be situated within the housing in continuation of the coupling hole coaxially with the central axis thereof, and comprises a piston part with a piston, which piston is to be positioned in the cylinder movable between a first piston position and a second piston position, the activating pin comprising a channel, said piston part comprises a first end and a second end, wherein the piston is located at said first end and said channel has an opening at said first end, a valve part being movable in the channel, derivable by difference in forces acting on surfaces of the valve part, between a first
  • the valve actuator an activating pin for connecting to inflation valves, comprising a housing, within the housing a coupling hole for coupling with an inflation valve, the coupling hole having a central axis and an outer opening, positioning means for positioning the inflation valve when coupled in the coupling hole, and an activating pin, which is arranged coaxially with the coupling hole, for depressing a central spring-force operated core pin of the inflation valve, a cylinder having a cylinder wall provided with a pressure port which is connected to a pressure source, wherein the activating pin is shiftable between a proximal pin position and a distal pin position relative to the positioning means so as to depress the core pin of the inflation valve in its distal pin position and disengage the core pin of the inflation valve in its proximal pin position when the inflation valve is positioned by the positioning means, the activating pin is coupled with a piston and the piston is slidingly arranged in the cylinder and is movable between a proximal piston position, which corresponds to the proximal piston
  • the piston comprising means to obtain a pre-determined pressure level.
  • the valve a release valve.
  • a spring-force operated cap which closes the channel above the valve actuator when the pressure comes above a certain pre-determined pressure value.
  • a channel be opened or closed the channel connects the chamber and the space between the valve actuator and the core pin, a piston is movable between an opening position and a closing position of said channel, and the movement of the piston is controlled by an actuator which is steered as a result of a measurement of the pressure in the piston.
  • a channel be opened or closed which connects the chamber and the space between the valve actuator and the core pin.
  • the piston operated by a operator controlled pedal, which is turning around an axle from a inactive position to an activated position and vice versa.
  • the piston controlled by an actuator which is steered as a result of a measurement of the pressure in the piston.
  • the combination further comprising means for defining the volume of the enclosed space so that the pressure of fluid in the enclosed space relates to the pressure acting on the piston during the stroke.
  • the foam or fluid adapted to provide, within the container, a pressure higher than the highest pressure of the surrounding atmosphere during translation of the piston from the second longitudinal position of the chamber to the first longitudinal position thereof or vice versa.
  • the combination comprising a pressure source.
  • the pressure source communicating with the container by an outlet valve and an inlet valve.
  • the outlet valve an inflation valve, preferably a valve with a core pin biased by a spring, such as a Schrader valve, said core pin is moving towards the pressure source when closing the valve.
  • the inlet valve an inflation valve, preferably a valve with a core pin biased by a spring, such as a Schrader valve, said core pin is moving towards the container when closing the valve.
  • a channel be opened or closed, which connects the chamber and the space between the valve actuator and the core pin.
  • a channel be opened or closed, which connects the chamber and the space between the valve actuator and the core pin.
  • a piston movable between an opening position and a closing position of said channel.
  • a channel be opened or closed, the channel connects via the space the chamber and the space between the valve actuator and the core pin, a piston is movable between an opening position and a closing position of said channel, and the movement of the piston is controlled by an actuator which is steered as a result of the measurement of the pressure level in the piston and that of the pressure source.
  • a channel be opened or closed, the channel connects via the space the chamber and the space between the valve actuator and the core pin, a piston is movable between an opening position and a closing position of said channel, and the movement of the piston is controlled by an actuator which is steered as a result of the measurement of the pressure level of the pressure in the and that of the pressure source.
  • the wall of the container comprising an elastically deformable material comprising reinforcement means.
  • the reinforcement windings Preferably have the reinforcement windings a braid angle which is different from 54°44'.
  • the reinforcement means comprising a textile reinforcement, which enable expansion of the container when moving to a first longitudinal position, and enable contraction when moving to a second longitudinal position.
  • the piston produced by a production system with multiple vulcanisation caves.
  • the reinforcement means comprising fibres, which enable expansion of the container when moving to bigger a first longitudinal position, and enable contraction when moving to a second longitudinal position.
  • the piston produced by a production system with multiple vulcanisation caves and where the fibers are being mounted in the caves of the caps by rotation of the fibers and the cabs at different speeds, while the fibers are being pushed onto the inside of the caps.
  • the fibers arranged as to the Trellis Effect.
  • the reinforcement means comprising a flexible material positioned in the container, comprising a plurality of at least substantially elastic support members rotatably fastened to a common member, the common members connected to the skin of the container.
  • said members and/or the common member inflatable.
  • the pressure on the wall of the container build up by spring-force operated devices.
  • the piston comprising a reinforcement which is positioned outside the container.
  • the container moving in a cylinder around a tapered wall.
  • the chamber convex and the operating force tangents a set maximum force during the stroke.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the chamber at the first longitudinal position thereof at least substantially circular and wherein the cross-sectional shape of the chamber at the second longitudinal position thereof is elongate, such as oval, having a first dimension being at least 2, such as at least 3, preferably at least 4 times a dimension at an angle to the first dimension.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the chamber at the first longitudinal position thereof at least substantially circular and wherein the cross-sectional shape of the chamber at the second longitudinal position thereof comprises two or more at least substantially elongate, such as lobe-shaped, parts.
  • a piston-chamber combination comprising an elongate chamber bounded by an inner chamber wall and comprising a piston in the chamber to be sealingly movable in the chamber, the piston being movable in the chamber at least from a second second longitudinal position thereof to a first longitudinal position thereof, the chamber comprising an elastically deformable inner wall along at least part of the length of the chamber wall between the first and second longitudinal positions, the chamber having, at the first longitudinal position thereof when the piston is positioned at that position, a first cross-sectional- area, which is larger than a second cross-sectional area at the second longitudinal position of the chamber when the piston is positioned at that position, the change in cross-sections of the chamber being at least substantially continuous between the first and second longitudinal positions when the piston is moved between the first and second longitudinal positions the piston including an elastically expandable container having changeable geometrical shapes which adapt to each other during the piston stroke thereby enabling a
  • the piston made of an at least substantially incompressible material.
  • the angle between the wall and the central axis of the cylinder at least smaller than the angle between the wall of the taper of the piston and the central axis of the chamber.
  • the chamber comprising an outer supporting structure enclosing the inner wall and a fluid held by a space defined by the outer supporting structure and the inner wall.
  • the space defined by the outer structure and the inner wall inflatable Preferably is the piston comprises an elastically deformable container comprising a deformable material and designed according to statements 7 to 17.
  • a pump for pumping a fluid comprising a combination according to any of the earlier mentioned statements, means for engaging the piston from a position outside the chamber, a fluid entrance connected to the chamber and comprising a valve means, and a fluid exit connected to the chamber.
  • the engaging means Preferably have the engaging means an outer position where the piston is at the first longitudinal position of the chamber, and an inner position where the piston is at the second longitudinal position of the chamber.
  • the engaging means Preferably have the engaging means an outer position where the piston is at the second longitudinal position of the chamber, and an inner position where the piston is at the first longitudinal position of the chamber.
  • a shock absorber comprising: a combination according to any of the preceeding statements 1-80, means for engaging the piston from a position outside the chamber, wherein the engaging means have an outer position where the piston is at the first longitudinal position of the chamber, and an inner position where the piston is at the second longitudinal position.
  • the shock absorber comprising a fluid entrance connected to the chamber and comprising a valve means.
  • the shock absorber further comprising a fluid exit connected to the chamber and comprising a valve means.
  • a fluid exit connected to the chamber and comprising a valve means.
  • the chamber and the piston an at least substantially sealed cavity comprising a fluid, the fluid being compressed when the piston moves from the first to the second longitudinal positions of the chamber.
  • a shock absorber further comprising means for biasing the piston toward the first longitudinal position of the chamber.
  • an actuator comprising: a combination according to any of preceding the statements 1-80, means for engaging the piston from a position outside the chamber, means for introducing fluid into the chamber in order to displace the piston between the first and the second longitudinal positions of the chamber.
  • an actuator further comprising a fluid entrance connected to the chamber and comprising a valve means.
  • an actuator further comprising a fluid exit connected to the chamber and comprising a valve means.
  • an actuator further comprising means for biasing the piston toward the first or second longitudinal position of the chamber.
  • the introducing means comprise means for introducing pressurised fluid into the chamber.
  • the introducing means adapted to introduce a combustible fluid, such as gasoline or diesel, into the chamber, and wherein the actuator further comprises means for combusting the combustible fluid.
  • a combustible fluid such as gasoline or diesel
  • the introducing means adapted to introduce an expandable fluid to the chamber, and wherein the actuator further comprises means for expand the expandable fluid.
  • the actuator further comprising a crank adapted to translate the translation of the piston into a rotation of the crank.
  • a motor wherein comprising a combination according to any of the foregoing statements.
  • a power unit comprising a combination according to any of the foregoing statements, a power source, and a power device.
  • a power unit movable.
  • a piston-chamber combination comprising an elongate chamber which is bounded by an inner chamber wall, and comprising a piston in said chamber to be sealingly movable relative to said chamber wall at least between a first longitudinal position and a second longitudinal position of the chamber, said chamber having cross-sections of different cross- sectional areas and different circumferential lengths at the first and second longitudinal positions, and at least substantially continuously different cross-sectional areas and circumferential lengths at intermediate longitudinal positions between the first and second longitudinal positions, the cross-sectional area and circumferential length at said second longitudinal position being smaller than the cross-sectional area and circumferential length at said first longitudinal position, said piston comprising a container which is elastically deformable thereby providing for different cross-sectional areas and circumferential lengths of the piston adapting the same to said different cross-sectional areas and different circumferential lengths of the chamber during the relative movements of the piston between the first and second longitudinal positions through said intermediate longitudinal positions of the chamber, said container is inflatable and being elastic
  • the pressure source communicating with the container by an outlet valve and an inlet valve.
  • the outlet valve an inflation valve preferably a valve with a core pin biased by a spring, such as a Schrader valve, said core pin is moving towards the pressure source when closing the valve.
  • an inflation valve preferably a valve with a core pin biased by a spring, such as a Schrader valve, said core pin is moving towards the container when closing the valve.
  • a valve actuator for operating with valves having a spring-force operated valve core pin, comprising a housing to be connected to a pressure medium source, within the housing a coupling section for receiving the valve to be actuated, a cylinder surrounded by a cylinder wall of a predetermined cylinder wall diameter and having a first cylinder end and a second cylinder end which is farther away from the coupling section than the first cylinder end, a piston which is movably located in the cylinder and fixedly coupled to an activating pin for engaging with the spring-force operated valve core pin of the valve received in the coupling section, and a conducting channel, for conducting pressure media from the cylinder to the coupling section when the piston is moved into a first piston position in which the piston is at a first predetermined distance from the first cylinder end, the conduction of the pressure media between the cylinder and the coupling section being inhibited when the piston is moved into a second piston position in which the piston is at a second predermined distance from the
  • a channel be opened or closed, which connects the chamber and the space between the valve actuator and the core pin.
  • a channel be opened or closed, which connects the chamber and the space between the valve actuator and the core pin.
  • a channel be opened or closed, the channel connects via the space the chamber and the space between the valve actuator and the core pin, a piston is movable between an opening position and a closing position of said channel, and the movement of the piston is controlled by an actuator which is steered as a result of the measurement of the pressure level in the piston and that of the pressure source.
  • a channel be opened or closed, the channel connects via the space the chamber and the space between the valve actuator and the core pin, a piston is movable between an opening position and a closing position of said channel, and the movement of the piston is controlled by an actuator which is steered as a result of the measurement of the pressure level of the pressure in the piston and that of the pressure source.
  • said enclosed space comprising a first enclosed space.
  • said enclosed space comprising a second enclosed space.
  • the first enclosed space comprises a spring-biased pressure tuning piston.
  • means for defining the volume of the first enclosed space so that the pressure of fluid in the first enclosed space relates to the pressure in the second enclosed space.
  • the spring-biased pressure tuning piston a check valve through which fluid of an external pressure source can flow into the first enclosed space.
  • an inflation valve preferably a valve with a core pin biased by a spring, such as a Schrader valve.
  • the piston produced to have a production-size of the container in the stress-free and undeformed state thereof in which the circumferential length of the piston is approximately equivalent to the circumferential length of said chamber at said second longitudinal position, the container being expandable from its production size in a direction transversally with respect to the longitudinal direction of the chamber thereby providing for an expansion of the piston from the production size thereof during the relative movements of the piston from said second longitudinal position to said first longitudinal position,
  • the cross-sectional area of said chamber at the second longitudinal position thereof is between 98 % and 5 % of the cross-sectional area of said chamber at the first longitudinal position thereof.
  • the cross-sectional area of said chamber at the second longitudinal position thereof 95 - 15 % of the cross-sectional area of said chamber at the first longitudinal position thereof.
  • the cross-sectional area of said chamber at the second longitudinal position thereof approximately 50% of the cross-sectional area of said chamber at the first longitudinal position thereof.
  • deformable material a fluid or a mixture of fluids, such as water, steam and/or gas, or a foam.
  • valve actuator of the present invention and embodiments thereof are subjects of claims 1 and 2 to 17, respectively.
  • a valve connector and a pressure vessel or hand pump, comprising a valve actuator of the present invention are subjects of claims 18 and 19, respectively.
  • Claim 20 is directed to the use of the valve actuator in a stationary construction.
  • the present invention provides a valve actuator which comprises an inexpensive combination of a cylinder, within in which -the piston driving the activating pin moves, and an activating pin, having a simple construction.
  • This combination can be used in stationary constructions, such as chemical plants, where the activating pin engages the spring-force operated core pin of a valve (e.g. a release valve), as well as in valve connectors (e.g. for inflating vehicle tires).
  • a valve e.g. a release valve
  • valve connectors e.g. for inflating vehicle tires.
  • This valve actuator features a piston having a piston ring fitting into the cylinder, where the piston, in its first position, is at a first predetermined distance from the first end of the cylinder.
  • the cylinder wall comprises a conducting channel for allowing conduction of gaseous and/or liquid media between the cylinder and the coupling section when the piston is in the first position, whereas conduction of gaseous and/or liquid media between the cylinder and the coupling section is inhibited by the piston when the piston is in the second position.
  • valve actuator of the present invention features a conducting channel from the pressure source to the valve to be actuated that comprises an enlargement of the cylinder diameter which is arranged around the piston of the activating pin in the bottom of the cylinder, when the piston is in the first position, enabling the medium from the pressure source to flow to the opened spring-force operated valve core pin, e.g. from a Schrader valve.
  • the enlargement of the cylinder's diameter may be uniform, or the cylinder wall may contain one or several sections near the bottom of the cylinder where the distance between the center line of the cylinder and the cylinder wall increases so that gaseous and/or liquid media can freely flow around the edge of the piston ring when the piston is in the first position.
  • a variant of this embodiment has a valve actuator arrangement of which its cylinder has the enlargement of the diameter twice.
  • the distance between the enlargements can be the same as the distance between the sealing levels of the sealing means.
  • the valve actuator may comprise a cylinder with three enlargements. It is however also possible to connect valves of different sizes to a valve actuator having a single arrangement for the enlargement of the diameter of the cylinder. Now therefore the number of enlargements can be different from the number of different valve sizes of valves which can be coupled.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention features a conducting channel through a part of the body of the valve actuator.
  • the channel forms a passage for gaseous and/or liquid media between the cylinder and the part of the valve actuator which is coupled to the valve.
  • the orifice of the channel opening in the cylinder is located such that, when the piston is in the first position, pressurized gaseous and/or liquid media flowing from the pressure source to the cylinder may flow further through the channel to the valve to be actuated.
  • the piston When the piston is in the second position, it blocks the cylinder so that the flow of pressurized gaseous and or liquid media into the channel is not possible.
  • valves can be used in all types of valve connectors to which a valve with a spring-force operated core pin (e.g. a Schrader valve) can be coupled irrespective of the method of coupling or the number of coupling holes in the connector.
  • valve actuator can be coupled to for example a foot pump, car pump, or compressor.
  • the valve actuator can also be integrated in any pressure source (e.g. a handpump or a pressure vessel) irrespective of the availability of a securing means in the valve connector. It is also possible for the invention to be used in permanent constructions where the activating pin of the actuator engages the core pin of a permanently mounted valve.
  • a valve actuator for operating with valves having a spring-force operated valve core pin, comprising - a housing to be connected to a pressure medium source, within the housing a coupling section for receiving the valve to be actuated, a cylinder surrounded by a cylinder wall of a predetermined cylinder wall diameter and having a first cylinder end and a second cylinder end which is farther away from the coupling section than the first cylinder end, a piston which is movably located in the cylinder and fixedly coupled to an activating pin for engaging with the spring-force operated valve core pin of the valve received in the coupling section, and a conducting channel for conducting pressure media from the cylinder to the coupling section when the piston is moved into a first piston position in which the piston is at a first predetermined distance from the first cylinder end, the conduction of the pressure media between the cylinder and the coupling section being inhibited when the piston is moved into a second piston position in which the piston is at a second predermined distance from
  • it is comprising a tapered portion at the first end of the cylinder and a conical portion of the piston to coincide with said tapered portion when the piston is in the first piston position.
  • the conducting channel formed by an enlargement of the cylinder wall diameter which is arranged to be radially around the piston when being in its first piston position so that the pressure medium can freely flow around the edge of the piston ring when the piston is in its first piston position.
  • the enlargement of the cylinder diameter formed at one or several sections of the circumference of the cylinder wall.
  • the wall of the enlargement comprising a cylindrical enlargement wall portion and an inclined enlargement wall portion forming an angle with the cylinder axis which is larger than 0° and smaller than 20°, wherein the inclined enlargement wall portion is situated between the cylindrical enlargement wall portion and the cylinder wall portion having the predeteirnined cylinder wall diameter.
  • a channel portion of the conducting channel between the cylindrical enlargement wall portion and the coupling section designed as a tapered channel portion shaped as a groove or is designed as a hole (107) which is parallel to the center axis of the cylinder.
  • the coupling section connected by the conducting channel to an orifice in the cylinder wall portion , said orifice being situated at a distance from the first cylinder end so that the orifice is situated between the piston and the second end of the cylinder when the piston is in the first piston position.
  • the piston further movable within the cylinder to a third position and a fourth position, corresponding to a third predetermined distance and a fourth predetermined distance from the first end of the cylinder, respectively, where said third predetermined distance is larger than said second predetermined distance and said fourth predetermined distance is larger than said third predetermined distance; and - the cylinder comprises a second channel for allowing the conduction of gaseous and/or liquid media between the cylinder and the coupling section when the piston is in said third position and inhibiting the conduction of gaseous and/or liquid media between the cylinder and the coupling section when the piston is in said fourth position.
  • the embodiment comprising within the coupling section sealing means for sealing the valve actuator onto valves of different types and/or sizes, and the sealing means comprise a first annular sealing portion and a second annular portion situated coaxially with the centre axis of the coupling section and being displaced in the direction of the centre axis of the coupling section , said first annular portion is closer to the opening of the coupling section than said second annular portion and the diameter of said first annular portion is larger than the diameter of said second annular portion
  • the embodiment comprising within the coupling section a securing thread for securing the valve actuator onto the inflation valve.
  • said securing thread a temporary securing thread .
  • the cylinder wall formed as a cylinder sleeve, fastened and sealed in the housing and formed with said inclined enlargement wall portion , the cylinder sleeve having distant from the first cylinder end a wall portion an angle so that the piston ring is not sealing there.
  • said cylinder sleeve fastened and sealed by a snap-lock in the wall of the housing .
  • a sealing means for sealing the valve actuator onto a valve with a spring-force operated valve core pin.
  • valve connector coupled to a handpump, a foot pump, a car pump, a pressure vessel or a compressor, for inflating vehicle tires, comprising a valve actuator of any of claims 1 to 16.
  • a pressure vessel or a hand pump for inflating a vehicle tire wherein: an integrated valve actuator.
  • a valve actuator in a stationary construction such as a chemical plant.
  • the invention relates to a combination of a piston and a chamber, comprising an elongate chamber which is bounded by an inner chamber wall, and comprising a piston in said chamber to be sealingly movable relative to said chamber wall at least between a first longitudinal position and a second longitudinal position of the chamber, said combination engaging a rigid surface, enabling said movement, where said combination is movable relatively to said surface.
  • Force providers for enabling the relative movement of the parts of the combination may move themselves, and the path of the last mentioned movement does not at any time comply exactly with the path of the relative movement of the piston rod, the piston and the chamber.
  • the system of the force provider and the combination may provide a flexibility somewhere in the system in order to avoid damage.
  • the force provider may engaging the combination with changing forces, and which may also keeping the non-moving part of the combination towards a rigid surface, in order to enable said relative movement, there may be conflicting demands towards the combination, if said rigid surface also has the function of providing reaction forces for the combination.
  • the last mentioned may happen when a pump is engaged by a human body, while the pump is being held down to the rigid surface e.g. a floor, by a foot of said user. Specifically when a standing person is using a floor pump for pumping a tire, and specifically if the floor is not in level. The combination ought therefore be movable in relation to the rigid surface, in order to follow the path of the force provider.
  • a second aspect is the problem of non-compliance specifically important when a chamber is used with having cross-sections of different cross-sectional areas at the first and second longitudinal positions, and at least substantially continuously different cross- sectional areas and circumferential lengths at intermediate longitudinal positions between the first and second longitudinal positions, the cross-sectional area and circumferential length at said second longitudinal position being smaller than the cross-sectional at said first longitudinal position - this is also valid in the case where the cross-sectional area's at the first and second longitudinal position having a different size, but an equal circumferential size.
  • the chamber of e.g. a floor pump for tyre inflation has a smallest possible cross-sectional area at its bottom and a biggest at its top.
  • the combination should therefore be movable in relation to the rigid surface, in order to follow the path of the force provider.
  • the combination comprises a basis for engaging the combination to a rigid surface, enabling the relative movement of the piston and the chamber, the combination is rigidly fastened to a basis, said basis is movable relatively to said rigid surface.
  • the basis may have three engaging surfaces on the rigid surface, ensuring a stable positioning of the combination, even the rigid surface would not be flat.
  • the combination may then turn around any line between two of the three engaging surfaces. This however is a poor solution, as the path of a human force provider normally is a 3 -dimensional path. And compensation for a positioning of the combination when said surface is not in level, cannot be obtained by this solution. And, in the case of floor pumps for tyre inflation is normally the foot of a user pressing the basis of the pump towards the rigid surface, which might prohibite said movement(s).
  • the combination comprises a basis for engaging the combination to a rigid surface, enabling the relative movement of the piston and the chamber, the combination is flexibly fastened e.g. by means of an elastically deformable bushing, to said basis.
  • the path of the combination may be any path which is used by the force provider (e.g. user), while the basis is standing on the surface, held down e.g. by the foot of teh user.
  • the force provider e.g. user
  • the basis is standing on the surface, held down e.g. by the foot of teh user.
  • a rigid surface not in level, be compensated, so that the combination, but not the basis, still is beying perpendicular water , the user of the floor pump is able to initiate any path during the stroke. After use may the combination automatically coming back to it rest position, namely perpendicular the rigid surface.
  • the guiding means may be comprising a washer with a small hole with an appropriate fitting with the piston rod, while this washer may be movable within a bigger hole within the cap: the piston rod may mainly translate in a transversal direction of the combination.
  • the washer may come back to its default position by means of a sprong-force e.g. an O- ring between the hole in the cab, and the outside of the guiding means.
  • the size of the last mentioned hole is determing the deflection degree of the piston rod, together with how much the construction of the piston is allowing it. If the piston rod is rigidly fastened to the piston, the construction of the piston determines the deflection degree. If e.g. a ball joint is applied between the piston and the piston rod, the deflection degree is only determined by the guiding means.
  • the contact surface of the guiding means may be circular line, e.g. by a convex cross-sectional inner wall of the hole in the guiding means.
  • the piston may be rounded off, so as to comply to the movement of the piston rod, or the connection of the piston to the piston rod may be flexible, turnable.
  • the invention relates to a combination of a piston and a chamber, wherein:
  • the centre lines of the hands of a user when operating a handle of a pump have different positions, depending on how the handle is beying gripped by the hand(s).
  • the design of the handle may comprise a portion which has circular cross sections.
  • the sizes of the sections may vary, depending on the distance to the centre axis of the piston chamber combination.
  • a preferred angle between the portions of the handle may in a plane perpendicular the centre axis of the piston-chamber combination be 180°. However, it may also be different from 180°. Additionally may the angle be in a plane which comprises said centre axis less than 180°. In order to avoid the hands from gliding from these protions, stops may be provided for - these may also be used for the force transfer. The other options, 180° and more than 180° may of course also occur.
  • the forces may be low. If relatively low forces are to be transferred from an arm of the user through a hand, connected to said arm, the hand may be positioned in relation to the arm, so that a certain force moment may arise.
  • the contact area is that of an open hand.
  • the handle may be designed with a cross section bounded by the curve of e.g. an ellipse.
  • the axis perpendicular the centre axis of the piston-chamber combination may be larger than the axis parallel to said axis.
  • Preferred angles between the two portions of the handle in a plane perpendicular to the centre axis of the piston-chamber combination may be bit less than bit bigger (best!) than 180°.
  • These positions of the portions of the handle comply to the rest position(s) of the hand(s). Both positions may be obtained by one handle design, if the handle may be able to turn around the centre axis of the piston-chamber combination.
  • the angle may be 180° or less, or different than that.
  • the conical shape of the cylinder may provide a substantial reduction of the size of the working force.
  • a special arrangement is the shape of the conical cylinder in the longitudinal direction of the chamber formed in such a way, that the force on the handle remains constant during the stroke.
  • This force may be altered when a valve is opening late, e.g. due to the fact that the valve piston is sticking on the valve seed, or that there be dynamic frictions, e.g. due to small sizes of cross sections of channels - thus by forces originated by other sources than the shape of the chamber. Additionally may the friction of the piston to the wall of the chamber alter during the stroke, due to a change in size of the contact area.
  • the invention also relates to a pump for pumping a fluid, the pump comprising:
  • a fluid entrance connected to the chamber and comprising a valve means, and a fluid exit connected to the chamber.
  • the engaging means may have an outer position where the piston is in its first longitudinal position, and an inner position where the piston is in its second longitudinal position.
  • a pump of this type is preferred when a pressurised fluid is desired.
  • the engaging means may have an outer position where the piston is in its second longitudinal position, and an inner position where the piston is in its first longitudinal position.
  • a pump of this type is preferred when no substantial pressure is desired but merely transport of the fluid.
  • the largest force may, economically, be provided at the lowest position of the piston/engaging means/handle.
  • the smallest cross-sectional area may be desired shortly before the lowest position of the engaging means in order for the resulting pressure to open the valve and a larger cross-sectional area to force more fluid into the tire (See Fig. 2B).
  • the invention relates to a shock absorber comprising: a combination according to any of the combination aspects,
  • the absorber may further comprise a fluid entrance connected to the chamber and comprising a valve means.
  • the absorber may comprise a fluid exit connected to the chamber and comprising a valve means.
  • the chamber and the piston forms an at least substantially sealed cavity comprising a fluid, the fluid being compressed when the piston moves from the first to the second longitudinal positions.
  • the absorber would comprise means for biasing the piston toward the first longitudinal position.
  • the invention also relates to an actuator comprising:
  • the actuator may comprise a fluid entrance connected to the chamber and comprising a valve means.
  • a fluid exit connected to the chamber and comprising a valve means may be provided.
  • the actuator may comprise means for biasing the piston toward the first or second longitudinal position.
  • a piston-chamber combination comprising an elongate chamber which is bounded by an inner chamber wall, and comprising a piston in said chamber to be sealingly movable relative to said chamber wall at least between a first longitudinal position and a second longitudinal position of the chamber, wherein the combination is flexibly fastened to a basis for engaging the combination to a rigid surface, the combination being movable relatively to said surface wherein the combination is flexibly fastened to the basis by means of an elastically flexible bushing.
  • the elastically flexible bushing mounted in a hole in the basis and the cylinder is mounted in a hole in the bushing.
  • the bushing provided with a groove cooperating with a corresponding protrusion on the cylinder.
  • the bushing provided with a protrusion cooperating with a corresponding groove on the cylinder.
  • the wall thickness of the bushing bigger than the wall thickness of the chamber.
  • Preferably is the basis provided with three engaging surfaces for engaging a rigid surface.
  • the chamber Preferably has the chamber cross-sections of different cross-sectional areas and different circumferential lengths at the first and second longitudinal positions, and continuously differing cross- sectional areas and circumferential lengths at intermediate longitudinal positions between the first and second longitudinal positions, the cross-sectional area and circumferential length at said second longitudinal position being smaller than the cross-sectional area and circumferential length at said first longitudinal position, wherein the piston means can change dimensions thereby providing for different cross-sectional areas and circumferential lengths of the piston means adapting the same to said different cross-sectional areas and different circumferential lengths of the chamber during the relative movements of the piston means between the first and second longitudinal positions through said intermediate longitudinal positions of the chamber.
  • the chamber Preferably has the chamber cross-sections of different cross-sectional areas and equal circumferential lengths at the first and second longitudinal positions, and continuously differing cross-sectional areas and circumferential lengths at intermediate longitudinal positions between the first and second longitudinal positions, the cross-sectional area and circumferential length at said second longitudinal position being smaller than the cross-sectional area and circumferential length at said first longitudinal position, wherein the piston can change dimensions thereby providing for different cross-sectional areas and circumferential lengths of the piston adapting the same to said different cross-sectional areas and equal circumferential lengths of the chamber during the relative movements of the piston means between the first and second longitudinal positions through said intermediate longitudinal positions of the chamber.
  • a pump comprising a means for engaging the piston from a position outside the chamber, and wherein a fluid exit and a fluid entrance comprising a valve means are connected to the chamber.
  • a shock absorber comprising means for engaging the piston from a position outside the chamber, wherein the engaging means have an outer position where the piston is at the first longitudinal position of the chamber, and an inner position where the piston is at the second longitudinal position, wherein the chamber and piston form a sealed cavity comprising a fluid, which is compressed when the piston moves from the first to the second longitudinal position.
  • an actuator comprising means for engaging the piston from a position outside the chamber, and means for introducing fluid into the chamber in order to displace the piston between the first and second longitudinal position.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Details Of Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un ensemble piston/chambre comprenant une chambre (186) qui est limitée par une paroi de chambre interne (185) et comprenant un piston à l'intérieur de ladite chambre devant être mobile pour entrer en contact relativement à ladite paroi de chambre, au moins entre une première position longitudinale (208) et une seconde position longitudinale (208') de la chambre, ladite chambre comprenant des sections transversales présentant différentes zones transversales et différentes longueurs circonférentielles dans les première et seconde positions longitudinales, et au moins différentes zones transversales, ledit piston comprenant un contenant qui est élastiquement déformable. Le piston est produit de manière à présenter une taille de production du contenant, dans son état exempt de contraintes et non déformé. Cela est obtenu par l'ensemble comprenant un moyen d'introduction de fluide dans le contenant depuis une position extérieure (210) audit contenant, ce qui permet la mise sous pression dudit contenant et par conséquent l'extension dudit contenant, une surface lisse de la paroi du piston d'actionneur, au moins sur et de façon continue jusqu'à proximité de sa zone de contact avec la paroi de la chambre, déplaçant ainsi ledit contenant depuis une seconde position longitudinale vers une première position longitudinale de la chambre.
EP12758741.8A 2011-07-01 2012-07-02 Ensemble piston/chambre - moteur vanderblom Pending EP2917611A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12758741.8A EP2917611A1 (fr) 2011-07-01 2012-07-02 Ensemble piston/chambre - moteur vanderblom

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11075157 2011-07-01
EP11075220 2011-10-05
EP11075235 2011-10-20
EP11075257 2011-11-21
EP12075061 2012-06-25
EP12758741.8A EP2917611A1 (fr) 2011-07-01 2012-07-02 Ensemble piston/chambre - moteur vanderblom
PCT/EP2012/002792 WO2013026508A1 (fr) 2011-07-01 2012-07-02 Ensemble piston/chambre - moteur vanderblom

Publications (1)

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EP2917611A1 true EP2917611A1 (fr) 2015-09-16

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EP (1) EP2917611A1 (fr)
JP (5) JP2014527601A (fr)
KR (1) KR20140094498A (fr)
CN (1) CN103782070A (fr)
AP (1) AP2014007764A0 (fr)
AU (1) AU2012299891A1 (fr)
BR (1) BR112014000028A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2878083A1 (fr)
IN (1) IN2014CN00659A (fr)
MX (1) MX2014000225A (fr)
TW (1) TW201321596A (fr)
WO (1) WO2013026508A1 (fr)

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AU2012299891A8 (en) 2014-03-20
AU2012299891A1 (en) 2014-02-20
JP2018076864A (ja) 2018-05-17
CA2878083A1 (fr) 2013-02-28
MX2014000225A (es) 2015-06-10
JP2024045410A (ja) 2024-04-02
JP2022105333A (ja) 2022-07-13
TW201321596A (zh) 2013-06-01
JP2020029864A (ja) 2020-02-27
CN103782070A (zh) 2014-05-07
AP2014007764A0 (en) 2014-07-31
IN2014CN00659A (fr) 2015-04-03
KR20140094498A (ko) 2014-07-30
WO2013026508A1 (fr) 2013-02-28
WO2013026508A4 (fr) 2013-04-25
BR112014000028A2 (pt) 2017-06-13
JP2014527601A (ja) 2014-10-16

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