EP2915242A2 - Electricity supply system having double power-storage devices of a hybrid or electric motor vehicle - Google Patents

Electricity supply system having double power-storage devices of a hybrid or electric motor vehicle

Info

Publication number
EP2915242A2
EP2915242A2 EP13801622.5A EP13801622A EP2915242A2 EP 2915242 A2 EP2915242 A2 EP 2915242A2 EP 13801622 A EP13801622 A EP 13801622A EP 2915242 A2 EP2915242 A2 EP 2915242A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electric
electrical energy
motor vehicle
supply system
energy storage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13801622.5A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michaël Chemin
Philippe Baudesson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur SAS
Original Assignee
Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur SAS filed Critical Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur SAS
Publication of EP2915242A2 publication Critical patent/EP2915242A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/51—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
    • B60L7/14—Dynamic electric regenerative braking for vehicles propelled by ac motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547—Voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/549—Current
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N2011/0881—Components of the circuit not provided for by previous groups
    • F02N2011/0888—DC/DC converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power supply system with dual electric energy storage of an electric or hybrid motor vehicle.
  • Motor vehicles with a combustion engine conventionally comprise an on-board electrical network comprising a battery, generally 12 V, intended to supply electrical energy to various equipment, in particular a starter, which is essential for starting the engine. After starting, an alternator coupled to the engine ensures the charging of the battery.
  • this machine known as the alternator-starter, was primarily intended to perform the functions formerly dedicated to the alternator and the starter, and, secondarily, to recover the energy when braking, or d 'bring extra power and torque to the engine.
  • This architecture therefore consists of an electrical power network connecting the alternator-starter to an electrical energy storage element operating at a voltage greater than 14 V, up to 48 V, and a service electrical network connecting all the others. equipment.
  • the adaptation of the voltage levels between the two networks is ensured by a reversible DC / DC converter.
  • Such powers could not be obtained while maintaining compact electrical machines that by raising the voltage of the power grid to a voltage, of the order of 60 V, well above the nominal voltage of conventional lead-acid batteries. .
  • power networks with voltages up to 120 V can be implemented in an architecture that allows the vehicle to be driven at full speed by the electric motor (so-called “full-hybrid” architecture in English terminology , compared to the previous architecture called “mild-hybrid”).
  • Lithium-ion batteries are usually non-optimally used which are subject to severe constraints limiting their reliability and lifetime.
  • a bidirectional continuous - DC converter manages the charge / discharge of the two types of storage according to the operating conditions of the vehicle (acceleration, overshoot, regenerative braking ).
  • This converter comprises a half-bridge power semiconductor and a self respectively connected to ZnBr batteries and ultracapacities so as to constitute a booster / elevator assembly.
  • the present invention aims to overcome this drawback, and to limit the costs of components of a dual-storage power system of an electric or hybrid motor vehicle.
  • This system which is intended to be connected to an electrical power network of the vehicle, is of the type of those known per se comprising a first electrical energy store, having a first mass energy, a first mass power and a first voltage. operation, and a second storer of electrical energy, having a second mass energy lower than the first mass energy, a second mass power greater than the first mass power, and a second operating voltage greater than the first operating voltage.
  • the first and second electrical energy storage units are electrically coupled by a bidirectional DC / DC converter controlled according to the operating states of the vehicle.
  • the dual storage power system of an electric or hybrid motor vehicle according to the invention is remarkable in that the DC / DC converter comprises a floating capacitor connected in series between the first and second electrical energy storage devices.
  • the DC-DC converter further advantageously comprises a first H-bridge formed by first semiconductor switching elements. conductor connected in parallel to the floating capacitor via first filter elements and coupled by a transformer to a second H-bridge formed by second semiconductor switching elements connected in parallel with the first electrical energy store via second filter element.
  • This DC-DC converter is, on the one hand, able to transfer first charges from the first electrical energy store to the second electric energy store when the first H bridge operates as a rectifier and the second H bridge. operates in an inverter, and, secondly, able to transfer second charges from the second storer of electrical energy to the first storer of electrical energy when the first H-bridge operates inverter and the second H-bridge operates in rectifier.
  • the dual electrical energy storage power supply system of an electric or hybrid motor vehicle further comprises a charger adapted to be connected to an electrical distribution network.
  • This charger comprises a third H-bridge formed by third semiconductor switching elements operating as an inverter and constituting, being coupled by the transformer of the DC-DC converter to the second H-bridge operating as a rectifier, a switching power supply capable of to charge the first storer of electrical energy from the electrical distribution network.
  • This charger advantageously comprises a power factor correction element.
  • the first, second and third H-bridges operate in a zero voltage switching regime or in a regime zero-current switching.
  • the second semiconductor switching elements are advantageously of the IGBT type.
  • the first and third semiconductor switching elements are preferably of the MOSFET type, as well as alternatively to the IGBT type, the second semiconductor switching elements.
  • the first semiconductor switching elements have a first operating voltage of the order of a maximum voltage difference between the first operating voltage of the first electrical energy store and the second operating voltage of the second storage of electrical energy.
  • the first filter elements are also advantageously constituted by a choke and a capacitor having a second operating voltage of the order of this maximum voltage difference.
  • an electric or hybrid motor vehicle will therefore be very advantageously provided with the electric dual energy storage power supply system described above.
  • Figure 1 is a circuit diagram of a dual power storage system of electrical energy of an electric or hybrid motor vehicle known from the state of the art.
  • Figure 2 is a circuit diagram of a dual power storage system of electrical energy of an electric or hybrid motor vehicle according to the invention.
  • Figure 3 is a circuit diagram of a variant of a power supply system with dual energy storage of an electric or hybrid motor vehicle according to the invention comprising a charger. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
  • Figure 1 shows schematically a first energy store electrical connector 2 electrically coupled to a second electric energy store 3 by a bidirectional DC - DC converter 4.
  • the assembly 1 is intended to be connected to a power network 5 of the vehicle, but that of the first and second storage units 2, 3 capable of supplying the power network 5 with the highest instantaneous power is generally directly connected to this network 5.
  • the first storer 2 is considered to be one capable of supplying a lot of energy, but having only a low power
  • This first storer 2 is for example composed of several ZnBr cells, as described in the article cited above, or more commonly by Li-lon cells.
  • ZnBr batteries have a mass energy of between 30 and 50 W / kg, while Li-lon batteries have a better mass energy of 75 to 200 W / kg, but are more expensive for large capacities.
  • Li-Ion batteries between 150 and 315 W / kg, is most often insufficient for electric or hybrid vehicle applications.
  • an electric city car, a compact car with "REX" (Range EXtender) autonomy, a van with REX or a light utility have in common the fact of have an energy of 15 to 20 kW.h thanks to a relatively small battery.
  • this battery is completely unable to provide, or absorb, a power of 150 kW that intervenes in a phase of acceleration, regenerative braking or fast charge.
  • This power level is provided by the second electrical energy store 3, usually consisting of a set of ultracapacities of EDLC type (acronym for "Electric Double Layer Capacitor", that is to say “capacity electrical double layer ”) grouped in series and in parallel.
  • EDLC Electronic Double Layer Capacitor
  • the mass energy of an ultracapacity is low, between 2.5 and 15 W.h / kg, but its mass power can reach 5 kW / kg.
  • the bidirectional continuous-DC converter 4 by managing the transfer of charges between the first storer 2 and the second storer 3, makes it possible to respond to all the requirements of the power network 5 according to the operating states of the vehicle, as is clearly indicated in FIG. 1 for an electric vehicle:
  • the electrical energy 6 supplying the electric motor is supplied to the power network 5 from the first storer 2 by means of the DC-DC converter 4;
  • the power 8 is absorbed by the second electric energy store 3 and the recovered energy 9 is transferred to the first electric energy store 2 by means of the DC-DC converter 4.
  • This DC-DC converter 4 comprises a half semiconductor bridge of power 10 in parallel on a capacitor 1 1, and an inductor 12 connected respectively to the first storer 2 and the second storer 3 so as to constitute a booster / deflator assembly of a classic type.
  • the active and passive electronic components 10, 11, 12, of this DC / DC converter 4 are subjected to a first voltage Ue of the first storage device or to a second voltage Up of the second storage unit 3.
  • first and second voltages Ue, Up can reach several hundred volts, while the intensities that circulate can reach several hundred amperes; As a result, the switched powers may require the implementation of expensive semiconductors.
  • the DC-DC converter 4 is not subjected to all of the second voltage Up, which is assumed to be the highest, but only to the difference Ucc between the second voltage Up and the first voltage. voltage Ue, or, at most, at the first voltage Ue.
  • the DC-DC converter 4 comprises a floating capacitor 14 connected in turn. series between the first electric energy store 2 and the second electric energy store 3.
  • a first H-bridge 15, formed by first semiconductor switching elements 16, is connected in parallel to the floating capacitor 14 via first filtering elements 17. It is coupled by a transformer 18 to a second H-bridge 19, formed by second semiconductor switching elements 20, which is connected in parallel with the first electrical energy store 2 via second filter element 21.
  • the DC-DC converter 4 transfers first charges 6 from the first electrical energy store 2 to the second electrical energy store. 3 and on the power grid 5.
  • This first mode of operation corresponds to a first state of operation of the vehicle where the electric motor of the vehicle is powered by the power supply system for rolling at a constant speed.
  • the DC-DC converter 4 transfers second charges 8 from the second electrical energy store 3 and the power grid 5 to the first storer of electrical energy 2.
  • This second mode of operation corresponds to a second state of operation of the vehicle, during a regenerative braking phase, during which the power supplied by the power network 5 is absorbed by the second electric energy store 3 and the recovered energy transferred to the first storer of electrical energy 2.
  • the electric power storage system with dual electric energy storage devices 1 of an electric or hybrid motor vehicle further comprises a charger 22 able to be connected to a network.
  • This charger comprises a third H-bridge 24 formed by third semiconductor switching elements 25 operating inverter and constituting, being coupled by the transformer of the DC-DC converter 4 to the second H-bridge 19 operating as a rectifier, a switching power supply 19, 24 able to charge the first storer of electrical energy 2 from the electrical distribution network 23.
  • This switched-mode power supply 19, 24 is entirely static and implements the modern techniques of operation in zero voltage switching mode (ZVS, acronym for "Zero Voltage Switching” in English terminology) on the side of the distribution network 23 and in zero current regime (ZCS, acronym for "Zero Current Switching” in English terminology) on the side of the first electrical energy store 2.
  • ZVS Zero voltage switching mode
  • ZCS Zero Current Switching
  • This charger 22 also advantageously comprises a power factor correction element 26, preferably single-phase, taking into account the intended target of users.
  • the second semiconductor switching elements 20 are advantageously of the IGBT type (acronym for "Insolated Gate Bipolar Transistor” in English terminology, that is to say “transistor This type is preferred to semiconductors of the MOSFET type (acronym for "Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor” in English terminology, ie “Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor”). Because it has a lower input capacitance than that of a MOSFET
  • the first and third semiconductor switching elements 16, 25 are preferably of the MOSFET type, as well as alternatively to the type IGBT, the second semiconductor switching elements 20.
  • the operating voltage of the first semiconductor switching elements 16 need not satisfy the constraints imposed by the high voltages of the first semiconductor switching elements.
  • the first electrical energy store 2 and the second electric energy store 3 are alternately of the same technology, for example Li-Ion.
  • the first electrical energy store 2 works at first operating points allowing charging / discharging cycles. ranging from 5 to 95% of the nominal capacity, while the second storer 3 works at second operating points favoring the peak current but at the expense of a load reduced to 40 - 60% of the nominal capacity.
  • first, second and third semiconductor switching elements 16, 20, 25 mentioned are also not limiting. Those skilled in the art will implement other types as necessary, especially in view of the power and the required operating voltages.

Abstract

The invention relates to an electricity supply system having double power-storage devices (1) which is suitable for implementation in an electric or hybrid motor vehicle. The supply system is intended for being connected to a power network (5) of the vehicle. The supply system is of the type that includes a first power-storage device (2), having a first specific energy, a first specific power and a first operating voltage (Ue), and a second power-storage device (3), having a second specific energy that is lower than the first specific energy, a second specific power that is higher than the first specific power and a second operating voltage (Up) that is higher than the first operating voltage (Ue). The first and second power-storage devices are electrically coupled by a bidirectional DC-DC converter (4) controlled in accordance with the operating states of the vehicle. According to the invention, the DC-DC converter (4) includes a floating capacitor (14) connected in series between the first and second power-storage devices.

Description

SYSTEME D'ALIMENTATION ELECTRIQUE A DOUBLE STOCKEURS D'ENERGIE ELECTRIQUE D'UN VEHICULE AUTOMOBILE OU HYBRIDE  POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM WITH DOUBLE STORAGE OF ELECTRIC ENERGY OF A MOTOR VEHICLE OR HYBRID
DOMAINE TECHNIQUE DE L'INVENTION. TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
La présente invention concerne un système d'alimentation électrique à double stockeurs d'énergie électrique d'un véhicule automobile électrique ou hybride.  The present invention relates to a power supply system with dual electric energy storage of an electric or hybrid motor vehicle.
ARRIERE PLAN TECHNOLOGIQUE DE L'INVENTION. BACKGROUND ART OF THE INVENTION.
Les véhicules automobiles à moteur thermique comportent classiquement un réseau électrique de bord comprenant une batterie, généralement de 12 V, destiné à alimenter en énergie électrique les divers équipements, notamment un démarreur, indispensable pour assurer le démarrage du moteur thermique. Après le démarrage, un alternateur accouplé au moteur thermique assure la charge de la batterie.  Motor vehicles with a combustion engine conventionally comprise an on-board electrical network comprising a battery, generally 12 V, intended to supply electrical energy to various equipment, in particular a starter, which is essential for starting the engine. After starting, an alternator coupled to the engine ensures the charging of the battery.
De nos jours, le développement de l'électronique de puissance permet d'alimenter et de piloter une seule machine électrique tournante polyphasée réversible qui remplace avantageusement le démarreur et l'alternateur.  Nowadays, the development of power electronics allows to power and control a single reversible polyphase rotating electric machine which advantageously replaces the starter and the alternator.
Dans un premier temps, cette machine, connue sous le nom d'alterno- démarreur, avait essentiellement pour but de remplir les fonctions autrefois dédiées à l'alternateur et au démarreur, et, accessoirement, de récupérer l'énergie au freinage, ou d'apporter un supplément de puissance et de couple au moteur thermique.  Initially, this machine, known as the alternator-starter, was primarily intended to perform the functions formerly dedicated to the alternator and the starter, and, secondarily, to recover the energy when braking, or d 'bring extra power and torque to the engine.
Dans le but d'accroître la puissance et d'améliorer le rendement de l'alterno- démarreur en augmentant sa tension de fonctionnement tout en conservant la possibilité d'utiliser des autres équipements standards, prévus pour une alimentation de 12 V à 14 V, notamment les batteries au plomb, a été développée une architecture dite "14 + X", ou "micro-hybride".  In order to increase the power and improve the efficiency of the alternator-starter by increasing its operating voltage while maintaining the possibility of using other standard equipment, provided for a power supply of 12 V to 14 V, especially lead-acid batteries, was developed an architecture called "14 + X", or "micro-hybrid".
Cette architecture consiste donc en un réseau électrique de puissance reliant l'alterno-démarreur à un élément de stockage d'énergie électrique fonctionnant à une tension supérieure à 14 V, pouvant atteindre 48 V, et en un réseau électrique de service reliant tous les autres équipements. L'adaptation des niveaux de tensions entre les deux réseaux est assurée par un convertisseur continu - continu réversible. This architecture therefore consists of an electrical power network connecting the alternator-starter to an electrical energy storage element operating at a voltage greater than 14 V, up to 48 V, and a service electrical network connecting all the others. equipment. The adaptation of the voltage levels between the two networks is ensured by a reversible DC / DC converter.
Dans un second temps, des considérations écologiques, ont conduit à concevoir des alterno-démarreurs ayant une puissance, de l'ordre de 8 à 10 kW, suffisante pour entraîner le véhicule à faible vitesse, par exemple en environnement urbain. In a second step, ecological considerations led to design alternator-starters with a power, of the order of 8 to 10 kW, sufficient to drive the vehicle at low speed, for example in urban environment.
De telles puissances n'ont pu être obtenues tout en conservant des machines électriques compactes qu'en portant la tension du réseau électrique de puissance à une tension, de l'ordre de 60 V, bien supérieure à la tension nominale des batteries au plomb classiques.  Such powers could not be obtained while maintaining compact electrical machines that by raising the voltage of the power grid to a voltage, of the order of 60 V, well above the nominal voltage of conventional lead-acid batteries. .
Par ailleurs, des réseaux de puissance à des tensions allant jusqu'à 120 V peuvent être mis en œuvre dans une architecture qui permet au véhicule d'être entraîné à pleine vitesse par le moteur électrique (architecture dite "full-hybrid" en terminologie anglaise, par comparaison à l'architecture précédente dite "mild- hybrid").  Furthermore, power networks with voltages up to 120 V can be implemented in an architecture that allows the vehicle to be driven at full speed by the electric motor (so-called "full-hybrid" architecture in English terminology , compared to the previous architecture called "mild-hybrid").
Afin de réaliser les fonctions propres aux véhicules hybrides rappelées ci- dessus, une puissance importante est fournie essentiellement par l'élément de stockage du réseau de puissance.  In order to achieve the functions specific to the hybrid vehicles recalled above, a large power is provided essentially by the storage element of the power network.
Pendant une phase de freinage récupératif, l'énergie restituée doit être absorbée rapidement par la batterie haute tension, et, inversement, pendant des phases d'assistance en couple, il est nécessaire que la batterie haute tension puisse fournir une puissance importante. Un tel élément de stockage doit donc présenter une très faible résistance interne pour éviter des pertes de tension pendant les phases de décharges et des surtensions pendant les phases de charge.  During a regenerative braking phase, the energy restored must be absorbed quickly by the high voltage battery, and conversely, during phases of assistance in torque, it is necessary that the high voltage battery can provide a significant power. Such a storage element must therefore have a very low internal resistance to prevent voltage losses during the discharging phases and overvoltages during the charging phases.
En même temps, il doit présenter un niveau d'énergie suffisant pour être capable de fournir l'énergie dans une phase de roulage en mode uniquement électrique (dite "ZEV" en terminologie anglaise, pour "Zéro Emission Vehicle"), et il va de soi que la quantité d'énergie disponible sur une longue période est primordiale.  At the same time, it must have a level of energy sufficient to be able to provide energy in a driving phase in electrical mode only (known as "ZEV" in English terminology, for "Zero Emission Vehicle"), and it will that the amount of energy available over a long period of time is paramount.
Mais dans l'état actuel de la technique, il n'existe pas de stockeurs d'énergie électrique présentant à la fois une forte puissance massique et une importante énergie massique. On utilise habituellement de manière non-optimale des batteries lithium-ion qui sont soumises à des contraintes sévères limitant leur fiabilité et leur durée de vie.  But in the current state of the art, there are no storages of electrical energy having both a high mass power and a large specific energy. Lithium-ion batteries are usually non-optimally used which are subject to severe constraints limiting their reliability and lifetime.
Dans l'article "Improvement of Drive Range, Accélération and Décélération Performance In an Electric Vehicle Propulsion System" présenté par X. Yan et ali lors du congrès PESC 99 ("30 th Annual IEEE Powers Electronics Specialists Conférence", 1999, Vol. 2, pages 638 - 643), sont décrites des batteries zinc-brome optimisées pour leur énergie massique, leur durée de vie et leur faible coût associées à des ultracapacités qui fournissent les pointes de puissance. In the article "Improvement of Drive Range, Acceleration and Deceleration Performance in an Electric Vehicle Propulsion System" presented by X. Yan et ali at the PESC 99 Congress ("30th Annual IEEE Powers Electronics Specialists Conference ", 1999, Vol 2, pages 638-64), are described zinc-bromine batteries optimized for their mass energy, their lifetime and their low cost associated with ultracapacities that provide peak power.
Un convertisseur continu - continu bidirectionnel gère la charge / décharge des deux types de stockeurs en fonction des états de fonctionnement du véhicule (accélération, dépassement, freinage récupératif ...).  A bidirectional continuous - DC converter manages the charge / discharge of the two types of storage according to the operating conditions of the vehicle (acceleration, overshoot, regenerative braking ...).
Ce convertisseur comprend un demi-pont à semi-conducteurs de puissance et une self reliés respectivement aux batteries ZnBr et aux ultracapacités de manière à constituer un montage survolteur/ dévolteur.  This converter comprises a half-bridge power semiconductor and a self respectively connected to ZnBr batteries and ultracapacities so as to constitute a booster / elevator assembly.
La commande des semi-conducteurs du demi-pont est simple, mais dans cette architecture, ces semi-conducteurs sont soumis aux tensions présentes aux bornes des stockeurs et sur le réseau de puissance, et doivent donc commuter des puissances importantes. Le coût de ces semi-conducteurs peut alors être élevé. DESCRIPTION GENERALE DE L'INVENTION.  The half-bridge semiconductor control is simple, but in this architecture, these semiconductors are subjected to the voltages present at the terminals of the storers and on the power network, and must therefore switch large powers. The cost of these semiconductors can then be high. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
La présente invention vise à pallier cet inconvénient, et à limiter les coûts des composants d'un système d'alimentation électrique à double stockeurs d'un véhicule automobile électrique ou hybride.  The present invention aims to overcome this drawback, and to limit the costs of components of a dual-storage power system of an electric or hybrid motor vehicle.
Ce système, qui est destiné à être connecté à un réseau électrique de puissance du véhicule, est du type de ceux connus en soi comprenant un premier stockeur d'énergie électrique, présentant une première énergie massique, une première puissance massique et une première tension de fonctionnement, et un second stockeur d'énergie électrique, présentant une seconde énergie massique inférieure à la première énergie massique, une seconde puissance massique supérieure à la première puissance massique, et une seconde tension de fonctionnement supérieure à la première tension de fonctionnement. De manière habituelle, les premier et second stockeurs d'énergie électrique sont couplés électriquement par un convertisseur continu - continu bidirectionnel contrôlé en fonction des états de fonctionnement du véhicule.  This system, which is intended to be connected to an electrical power network of the vehicle, is of the type of those known per se comprising a first electrical energy store, having a first mass energy, a first mass power and a first voltage. operation, and a second storer of electrical energy, having a second mass energy lower than the first mass energy, a second mass power greater than the first mass power, and a second operating voltage greater than the first operating voltage. In the usual way, the first and second electrical energy storage units are electrically coupled by a bidirectional DC / DC converter controlled according to the operating states of the vehicle.
Le système d'alimentation électrique à double stockeurs d'un véhicule automobile électrique ou hybride selon l'invention est remarquable en ce que le convertisseur continu - continu comprend une capacité flottante connectée en série entre les premier et second stockeurs d'énergie électrique.  The dual storage power system of an electric or hybrid motor vehicle according to the invention is remarkable in that the DC / DC converter comprises a floating capacitor connected in series between the first and second electrical energy storage devices.
Le convertisseur continu - continu comprend en outre avantageusement un premier pont en H formé par des premiers éléments de commutation à semi- conducteur connecté en parallèle sur la capacité flottante par l'intermédiaire de premiers éléments de filtrage et couplé par un transformateur à un deuxième pont en H formé par des deuxièmes éléments de commutation à semi-conducteur connecté en parallèle sur le premier stockeur d'énergie électrique par l'intermédiaire de seconds élément de filtrage. The DC-DC converter further advantageously comprises a first H-bridge formed by first semiconductor switching elements. conductor connected in parallel to the floating capacitor via first filter elements and coupled by a transformer to a second H-bridge formed by second semiconductor switching elements connected in parallel with the first electrical energy store via second filter element.
Ce convertisseur continu - continu est, d'une part, apte à transférer des premières charges à partir du premier stockeur d'énergie électrique vers le second stockeur d'énergie électrique quand le premier pont en H fonctionne en redresseur et le second pont en H fonctionne en onduleur, et, d'autre part, apte à transférer des secondes charges à partir du second stockeur d'énergie électrique vers le premier stockeur d'énergie électrique quand le premier pont en H fonctionne en onduleur et le second pont en H fonctionne en redresseur.  This DC-DC converter is, on the one hand, able to transfer first charges from the first electrical energy store to the second electric energy store when the first H bridge operates as a rectifier and the second H bridge. operates in an inverter, and, secondly, able to transfer second charges from the second storer of electrical energy to the first storer of electrical energy when the first H-bridge operates inverter and the second H-bridge operates in rectifier.
De préférence, le système d'alimentation électrique à double stockeurs d'énergie électrique d'un véhicule automobile électrique ou hybride selon l'invention comprend en outre un chargeur apte à être relié à un réseau électrique de distribution. Ce chargeur comprend un troisième pont en H formé par des troisièmes éléments de commutation à semi-conducteur fonctionnant en onduleur et constituant, en étant couplé par le transformateur du convertisseur continu - continu au deuxième pont en H fonctionnant en redresseur, une alimentation à découpage apte à charger le premier stockeur d'énergie électrique à partir du réseau électrique de distribution.  Preferably, the dual electrical energy storage power supply system of an electric or hybrid motor vehicle according to the invention further comprises a charger adapted to be connected to an electrical distribution network. This charger comprises a third H-bridge formed by third semiconductor switching elements operating as an inverter and constituting, being coupled by the transformer of the DC-DC converter to the second H-bridge operating as a rectifier, a switching power supply capable of to charge the first storer of electrical energy from the electrical distribution network.
Ce chargeur comprend avantageusement un élément de correction du facteur de puissance.  This charger advantageously comprises a power factor correction element.
De préférence, dans le système d'alimentation électrique à double stockeurs d'énergie électrique d'un véhicule automobile électrique ou hybride selon l'invention, les premier, deuxième et troisième ponts en H fonctionnent en régime de commutation à tension nulle ou en régime de commutation à courant nul.  Preferably, in the dual electrical energy storage power supply system of an electric or hybrid motor vehicle according to the invention, the first, second and third H-bridges operate in a zero voltage switching regime or in a regime zero-current switching.
Les deuxièmes éléments de commutation à semi-conducteur sont avantageusement de type IGBT.  The second semiconductor switching elements are advantageously of the IGBT type.
Les premiers et troisièmes éléments de commutation à semi-conducteurs sont de préférence de type MOSFET, ainsi, qu'alternativement au type IGBT, les deuxièmes éléments de commutation à semi-conducteur.  The first and third semiconductor switching elements are preferably of the MOSFET type, as well as alternatively to the IGBT type, the second semiconductor switching elements.
On tire bénéfice du fait que dans le système d'alimentation électrique à double stockeurs d'énergie électrique d'un véhicule automobile électrique ou hybride selon l'invention, les premiers éléments de commutation à semi-conducteur présentent une première tension de service de l'ordre d'une différence de tension maximale entre la première tension de fonctionnement du premier stockeur d'énergie électrique et la seconde tension de fonctionnement du second stockeur d'énergie électrique. It benefits from the fact that in the dual electrical energy storage system of an electric or hybrid motor vehicle according to the invention, the first semiconductor switching elements have a first operating voltage of the order of a maximum voltage difference between the first operating voltage of the first electrical energy store and the second operating voltage of the second storage of electrical energy.
Les premiers éléments de filtrage sont aussi avantageusement constitués d'une self et d'un condensateur présentant une seconde tension de service de l'ordre de cette différence de tension maximale.  The first filter elements are also advantageously constituted by a choke and a capacitor having a second operating voltage of the order of this maximum voltage difference.
Dans le cadre de l'invention, un véhicule automobile électrique ou hybride sera donc fort avantageusement pourvu du système d'alimentation électrique à double stockeurs d'énergie électrique décrit ci-dessus.  In the context of the invention, an electric or hybrid motor vehicle will therefore be very advantageously provided with the electric dual energy storage power supply system described above.
Ces quelques spécifications essentielles auront rendu évidents pour l'homme de métier les avantages apportés par ce système d'alimentation électrique par rapport à l'état de la technique antérieur.  These few essential specifications will have made obvious to the skilled person the advantages brought by this power supply system compared to the state of the prior art.
Les spécifications détaillées de l'invention sont données dans la description qui suit en liaison avec les dessins ci-annexés. Il est à noter que ces dessins n'ont d'autre but que d'illustrer le texte de la description et ne constituent en aucune sorte une limitation de la portée de l'invention.  The detailed specifications of the invention are given in the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that these drawings have no other purpose than to illustrate the text of the description and do not constitute in any way a limitation of the scope of the invention.
BREVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINS. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
La Figure 1 est un schéma électrique d'un système d'alimentation électrique à double stockeurs d'énergie électrique d'un véhicule automobile électrique ou hybride connu de l'état de la technique.  Figure 1 is a circuit diagram of a dual power storage system of electrical energy of an electric or hybrid motor vehicle known from the state of the art.
La Figure 2 est un schéma électrique d'un système d'alimentation électrique à double stockeurs d'énergie électrique d'un véhicule automobile électrique ou hybride selon l'invention.  Figure 2 is a circuit diagram of a dual power storage system of electrical energy of an electric or hybrid motor vehicle according to the invention.
La Figure 3 est un schéma électrique d'une variante d'un système d'alimentation électrique à double stockeurs d'énergie électrique d'un véhicule automobile électrique ou hybride selon l'invention comportant un chargeur. DESCRIPTION DES MODES DE REALISATION PREFERES DE L'INVENTION.  Figure 3 is a circuit diagram of a variant of a power supply system with dual energy storage of an electric or hybrid motor vehicle according to the invention comprising a charger. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
Un rappel, en liaison avec la Figure 1 , des caractéristiques d'un système d'alimentation électrique à double stockeurs d'énergie électrique 1 d'un véhicule automobile électrique ou hybride connu de l'état de la technique permettra de bien comprendre l'apport de l'invention.  A reminder, in connection with Figure 1, of the characteristics of a dual electric energy storage power supply system 1 of an electric or hybrid motor vehicle known from the state of the art will make it possible to fully understand the contribution of the invention.
La Figure 1 montre schématiquement un premier stockeur d'énergie électrique 2 couplé électriquement à un second stockeur d'énergie électrique 3 par un convertisseur continu - continu bidirectionnel 4. Figure 1 shows schematically a first energy store electrical connector 2 electrically coupled to a second electric energy store 3 by a bidirectional DC - DC converter 4.
L'ensemble 1 est destiné à être connecté à un réseau de puissance 5 du véhicule, mais celui des premier et second stockeurs 2, 3 susceptible de fournir au réseau de puissance 5 la plus forte puissance instantanée est généralement connecté directement à ce réseau 5.  The assembly 1 is intended to be connected to a power network 5 of the vehicle, but that of the first and second storage units 2, 3 capable of supplying the power network 5 with the highest instantaneous power is generally directly connected to this network 5.
Dans l'exemple montré sur la Figure 1 , le premier stockeur 2 est considéré comme celui susceptible de fournir beaucoup d'énergie, mais ne disposant que d'une faible puissance,  In the example shown in FIG. 1, the first storer 2 is considered to be one capable of supplying a lot of energy, but having only a low power,
Ce premier stockeur 2 est par exemple composé de plusieurs cellules ZnBr, telles que décrites dans l'article cité ci-dessus, ou plus couramment par des cellules Li-lon.  This first storer 2 is for example composed of several ZnBr cells, as described in the article cited above, or more commonly by Li-lon cells.
Les batteries ZnBr présentent une énergie massique comprise entre 30 et 50 W.h/ kg, tandis que les batteries Li-lon présentent une meilleure énergie massique comprise entre 75 et 200 W.h/ kg, mais sont plus onéreuses pour les capacités importantes.  ZnBr batteries have a mass energy of between 30 and 50 W / kg, while Li-lon batteries have a better mass energy of 75 to 200 W / kg, but are more expensive for large capacities.
On constate cependant que la puissance massique des batteries Li-lon, comprise entre 150 et 315 W/ kg, est le plus souvent insuffisante pour les applications aux véhicules électriques ou hybrides.  However, it is found that the mass power of Li-Ion batteries, between 150 and 315 W / kg, is most often insufficient for electric or hybrid vehicle applications.
En effet, une citadine électrique, une voiture compacte avec dispositif d'accroissement de l'autonomie de type "REX" (acronyme de "Range EXtender" en terminologie anglaise), une camionnette avec REX ou un utilitaire léger ont en commun le fait de disposer d'une énergie de 15 à 20 kW.h grâce à une batterie relativement petite.  Indeed, an electric city car, a compact car with "REX" (Range EXtender) autonomy, a van with REX or a light utility have in common the fact of have an energy of 15 to 20 kW.h thanks to a relatively small battery.
Mais cette batterie est totalement incapable de fournir, ou d'absorber, une puissance de 150 kW qui intervient dans une phase d'accélération, de freinage récupératif ou de charge rapide.  But this battery is completely unable to provide, or absorb, a power of 150 kW that intervenes in a phase of acceleration, regenerative braking or fast charge.
Ce niveau de puissance est fourni par le second stockeur d'énergie électrique 3, le plus souvent constitué d'un ensemble d'ultracapacités de type EDLC (acronyme anglais pour "Electric Double Layer Capacitor", c'est-à-dire "capacité électrique à double couches") groupées en série et en parallèle.  This power level is provided by the second electrical energy store 3, usually consisting of a set of ultracapacities of EDLC type (acronym for "Electric Double Layer Capacitor", that is to say "capacity electrical double layer ") grouped in series and in parallel.
L'énergie massique d'une ultracapacité est faible, comprise entre 2,5 et 15 W.h/ kg, mais sa puissance massique peut atteindre 5 kW/ kg.  The mass energy of an ultracapacity is low, between 2.5 and 15 W.h / kg, but its mass power can reach 5 kW / kg.
Le convertisseur continu - continu bidirectionnel 4, en gérant les transferts de charges entre le premier stockeur 2 et le second stockeur 3, permet de répondre à tous les besoins du réseau de puissance 5 selon les états de fonctionnement du véhicule, comme cela est bien indiqué sur la Figure 1 pour un véhicule électrique: The bidirectional continuous-DC converter 4, by managing the transfer of charges between the first storer 2 and the second storer 3, makes it possible to respond to all the requirements of the power network 5 according to the operating states of the vehicle, as is clearly indicated in FIG. 1 for an electric vehicle:
- quand le véhicule roule à vitesse constante, l'énergie électrique 6 alimentant le moteur électrique est fournie au réseau de puissance 5 à partir du premier stockeur 2 au moyen du convertisseur continu - continu 4;  when the vehicle is traveling at a constant speed, the electrical energy 6 supplying the electric motor is supplied to the power network 5 from the first storer 2 by means of the DC-DC converter 4;
- quand le véhicule est en phase d'accélération, un surcroît de puissance 7 est fourni directement au réseau de puissance 5 par le second stockeur d'énergie électrique 3;  when the vehicle is in the acceleration phase, an additional power 7 is supplied directly to the power network 5 by the second electric energy store 3;
- quand le véhicule est en phase de freinage récupératif, la puissance 8 est absorbée par le second stockeur d'énergie électrique 3 et l'énergie récupérée 9 est transférée au premier stockeur d'énergie électrique 2 au moyen du convertisseur continu - continu 4.  - When the vehicle is in the regenerative braking phase, the power 8 is absorbed by the second electric energy store 3 and the recovered energy 9 is transferred to the first electric energy store 2 by means of the DC-DC converter 4.
Ce convertisseur continu - continu 4 comprend un demi-pont à semiconducteurs de puissance 10 en parallèle sur une capacité 1 1 , et une inductance 12 reliés respectivement au premier stockeur 2 et au second stockeur 3 de manière à constituer un montage survolteur/ dévolteur d'un type classique.  This DC-DC converter 4 comprises a half semiconductor bridge of power 10 in parallel on a capacitor 1 1, and an inductor 12 connected respectively to the first storer 2 and the second storer 3 so as to constitute a booster / deflator assembly of a classic type.
En cours de fonctionnement, les composants électroniques 10, 1 1 , 12, actifs et passifs, de ce convertisseur continu - continu 4 sont soumis à une première tension Ue du premier stockeur ou à une seconde tension Up du second stockeur 3.  During operation, the active and passive electronic components 10, 11, 12, of this DC / DC converter 4 are subjected to a first voltage Ue of the first storage device or to a second voltage Up of the second storage unit 3.
Ces première et seconde tensions Ue, Up peuvent atteindre plusieurs centaines de volts, tandis que les intensités qui circulent peuvent atteindre plusieurs centaines d'ampères; il en résulte que les puissances commutées peuvent nécessiter la mise en œuvre de semi-conducteurs onéreux.  These first and second voltages Ue, Up can reach several hundred volts, while the intensities that circulate can reach several hundred amperes; As a result, the switched powers may require the implementation of expensive semiconductors.
Cet inconvénient est pallié par le système d'alimentation électrique à double stockeurs 1 selon l'invention montré sur les Figures 2 et 3.  This disadvantage is overcome by the dual storage power supply system 1 according to the invention shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
Dans les deux modes de réalisation préférés représentés, le convertisseur continu - continu 4 n'est pas soumis à la totalité de la seconde tension Up, qui est supposée la plus élevée, mais seulement à la différence Ucc entre la seconde tension Up et la première tension Ue, ou, au plus, à la première tension Ue.  In the two preferred embodiments shown, the DC-DC converter 4 is not subjected to all of the second voltage Up, which is assumed to be the highest, but only to the difference Ucc between the second voltage Up and the first voltage. voltage Ue, or, at most, at the first voltage Ue.
De ce fait, les composants électroniques du convertisseur continu - continu 4 ne sont plus soumis aux tensions de mode commun des premier et second stockeurs d'énergie électrique 2, 3 par rapport à la masse 13. Leur tension de service est donc moindre et leur coût plus faible.  As a result, the electronic components of the DC-DC converter 4 are no longer subjected to the common mode voltages of the first and second electrical energy storage units 2, 3 with respect to the ground 13. Their operating voltage is therefore lower and their lower cost.
Dans le mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention montré sur la Figure 2, le convertisseur continu - continu 4 comprend une capacité flottante 14 connectée en série entre le premier stockeur d'énergie électrique 2 et le second stockeur d'énergie électrique 3. In the preferred embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 2, the DC-DC converter 4 comprises a floating capacitor 14 connected in turn. series between the first electric energy store 2 and the second electric energy store 3.
Un premier pont en H 15, formé par des premiers éléments de commutation à semi-conducteur 16, est connecté en parallèle sur la capacité flottante 14 par l'intermédiaire de premiers éléments de filtrage 17. Il est couplé par un transformateur 18 à un deuxième pont en H 19, formé par des deuxièmes éléments de commutation à semi-conducteur 20, qui est connecté en parallèle sur le premier stockeur d'énergie électrique 2 par l'intermédiaire de seconds élément de filtrage 21 .  A first H-bridge 15, formed by first semiconductor switching elements 16, is connected in parallel to the floating capacitor 14 via first filtering elements 17. It is coupled by a transformer 18 to a second H-bridge 19, formed by second semiconductor switching elements 20, which is connected in parallel with the first electrical energy store 2 via second filter element 21.
Quand le premier pont en H 15 fonctionne en redresseur et le second pont en H 19 fonctionne en onduleur, le convertisseur continu - continu 4 transfère des premières charges 6 à partir du premier stockeur d'énergie électrique 2 vers le second stockeur d'énergie électrique 3 et sur le réseau électrique de puissance 5.  When the first H bridge operates as a rectifier and the second H bridge operates as an inverter, the DC-DC converter 4 transfers first charges 6 from the first electrical energy store 2 to the second electrical energy store. 3 and on the power grid 5.
Ce premier mode de fonctionnement correspond à un premier état de fonctionnement du véhicule où le moteur électrique du véhicule est alimenté par le système d'alimentation électrique pour un roulage à vitesse constante.  This first mode of operation corresponds to a first state of operation of the vehicle where the electric motor of the vehicle is powered by the power supply system for rolling at a constant speed.
Quand le premier pont en H 15 fonctionne en onduleur et le second pont en H 19 fonctionne en redresseur, le convertisseur continu - continu 4 transfère des secondes charges 8 à partir du second stockeur d'énergie électrique 3 et du réseau électrique de puissance 5 vers le premier stockeur d'énergie électrique 2.  When the first H-bridge 15 operates as an inverter and the second H-bridge 19 operates as a rectifier, the DC-DC converter 4 transfers second charges 8 from the second electrical energy store 3 and the power grid 5 to the first storer of electrical energy 2.
Ce second mode de fonctionnement correspond à un second état de fonctionnement du véhicule, au cours d'une phase de freinage récupératif, pendant laquelle la puissance fournie par le réseau de puissance 5 est absorbée par le second stockeur d'énergie électrique 3 et l'énergie récupérée transférée au premier stockeur d'énergie électrique 2.  This second mode of operation corresponds to a second state of operation of the vehicle, during a regenerative braking phase, during which the power supplied by the power network 5 is absorbed by the second electric energy store 3 and the recovered energy transferred to the first storer of electrical energy 2.
En phase d'accélération du véhicule, il est rappelé que la puissance nécessaire 7 est fournie par le second stockeur d'énergie électrique 3 sans qu'intervienne le convertisseur continu - continu 4.  In the acceleration phase of the vehicle, it is recalled that the power required 7 is supplied by the second electric energy store 3 without the intervention of the DC / DC converter 4.
En variante, comme le montre bien la Figure 3, le système d'alimentation électrique à double stockeurs d'énergie électrique 1 d'un véhicule automobile électrique ou hybride selon l'invention comprend en outre un chargeur 22 apte à être relié à un réseau électrique de distribution 23. Ce chargeur comprend un troisième pont en H 24 formé par des troisièmes éléments de commutation à semiconducteur 25 fonctionnant en onduleur et constituant, en étant couplé par le transformateur du convertisseur continu - continu 4 au deuxième pont en H 19 fonctionnant en redresseur, une alimentation à découpage 19, 24 apte à charger le premier stockeur d'énergie électrique 2 à partir du réseau électrique de distribution 23. In a variant, as shown in FIG. 3, the electric power storage system with dual electric energy storage devices 1 of an electric or hybrid motor vehicle according to the invention further comprises a charger 22 able to be connected to a network. 23. This charger comprises a third H-bridge 24 formed by third semiconductor switching elements 25 operating inverter and constituting, being coupled by the transformer of the DC-DC converter 4 to the second H-bridge 19 operating as a rectifier, a switching power supply 19, 24 able to charge the first storer of electrical energy 2 from the electrical distribution network 23.
Cette alimentation à découpage 19, 24 est entièrement statique et met en œuvre les techniques modernes de fonctionnement en régime de commutation à tension nulle (dit ZVS, acronyme de "Zéro Voltage Switching" en terminologie anglaise) du côté du réseau de distribution 23 et en régime de courant nul (dit ZCS, acronyme de "Zéro Current Switching" en terminologie anglaise) du côté du premier stockeur d'énergie électrique 2.  This switched-mode power supply 19, 24 is entirely static and implements the modern techniques of operation in zero voltage switching mode (ZVS, acronym for "Zero Voltage Switching" in English terminology) on the side of the distribution network 23 and in zero current regime (ZCS, acronym for "Zero Current Switching" in English terminology) on the side of the first electrical energy store 2.
Ce chargeur 22 comprend aussi avantageusement un élément de correction du facteur de puissance 26, de préférence monophasé, compte tenu de la cible d'usagers visée.  This charger 22 also advantageously comprises a power factor correction element 26, preferably single-phase, taking into account the intended target of users.
Les deuxièmes éléments de commutation à semi-conducteur 20 (représentés sous forme de transistors MOSFET à la Fig.3) sont avantageusement de type IGBT (acronyme de "Insolated Gâte Bipolar Transistor" en terminologie anglaise, c'est-à- dire "Transistor bipolaire à grille isolée). Ce type est préféré à des semi-conducteurs de type MOSFET (acronyme de "Métal Oxyde Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor" en terminologie anglaise, c'est-à-dire "Transistor à effet de champ à semi-conducteur à oxyde métallique") car il présente une capacité d'entrée plus faible que celle d'un MOSFET. Les premiers et troisièmes éléments de commutation à semi-conducteurs 16, 25 sont de préférence de type MOSFET, ainsi, qu'alternativement au type IGBT, les deuxièmes éléments de commutation à semiconducteur 20. La tension de service des premiers éléments de commutation à semi-conducteur 16 n'a pas besoin de satisfaire aux contraintes imposées par les hautes tensions des premier et second stockeurs 2, 3, et peut être de l'ordre de la différence de tension maximale (en valeur absolue) existant entre les première et seconde tensions Ue, Up des stockeurs 2, 3.  The second semiconductor switching elements 20 (represented in the form of MOSFET transistors in FIG. 3) are advantageously of the IGBT type (acronym for "Insolated Gate Bipolar Transistor" in English terminology, that is to say "transistor This type is preferred to semiconductors of the MOSFET type (acronym for "Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor" in English terminology, ie "Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor"). because it has a lower input capacitance than that of a MOSFET The first and third semiconductor switching elements 16, 25 are preferably of the MOSFET type, as well as alternatively to the type IGBT, the second semiconductor switching elements 20. The operating voltage of the first semiconductor switching elements 16 need not satisfy the constraints imposed by the high voltages of the first semiconductor switching elements. r and second storage units 2, 3, and can be of the order of the maximum voltage difference (in absolute value) existing between the first and second voltages Ue, Up of the storage units 2, 3.
Comme il va de soi l'invention ne se limite pas aux seuls modes d'exécution préférentiels décrits ci-dessus.  It goes without saying that the invention is not limited to the only preferred embodiments described above.
Une description analogue pourrait porter sur des types de stockeurs d'énergie électrique 2, 3 différents de ceux cités à titre d'exemples.  A similar description could relate to types of electrical energy storage units 2, 3 different from those cited as examples.
Le premier stockeur d'énergie électrique 2 et le second stockeur d'énergie électrique 3 sont alternativement de même technologie, par exemple Li-lon.  The first electrical energy store 2 and the second electric energy store 3 are alternately of the same technology, for example Li-Ion.
Dans ce cas, le premier stockeur d'énergie électrique 2 travaille à des premiers points de fonctionnement permettant des cycles de charge/ décharge allant de 5 à 95% de la capacité nominale, alors que le second stockeur 3 travaille en des seconds points de fonctionnement privilégiant le courant de pointe mais au détriment d'une charge réduite à 40 - 60% de la capacité nominale. In this case, the first electrical energy store 2 works at first operating points allowing charging / discharging cycles. ranging from 5 to 95% of the nominal capacity, while the second storer 3 works at second operating points favoring the peak current but at the expense of a load reduced to 40 - 60% of the nominal capacity.
Les types des premiers, deuxièmes et troisièmes éléments de commutation à semi-conducteur 16, 20, 25 cités ne sont pas non plus limitatifs. L'homme de métier mettra en œuvre d'autres types autant que de besoin, notamment au vu des puissances et des tensions d'utilisation requises.  The types of the first, second and third semiconductor switching elements 16, 20, 25 mentioned are also not limiting. Those skilled in the art will implement other types as necessary, especially in view of the power and the required operating voltages.
L'invention embrasse donc toutes les variantes possibles de réalisation dans la mesure où ces variantes restent dans le cadre défini par les revendications ci- après.  The invention therefore embraces all possible variants of implementation insofar as these variants remain within the scope defined by the claims below.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1) Système alimentation électrique à double stockeurs d'énergie électrique (1 ) d'un véhicule automobile électrique ou hybride destiné à être connecté à un réseau de puissance dudit véhicule (5) du type de ceux comprenant un premier stockeur d'énergie électrique (2), présentant une première énergie massique, une première puissance massique et une première tension de fonctionnement (Ue), et un second stockeur d'énergie électrique (3), présentant une seconde énergie massique inférieure à ladite première énergie massique, une seconde puissance massique supérieure à ladite première puissance massique et une seconde tension de fonctionnement (Up) supérieure à ladite première tension de fonctionnement (Ue), lesdits premier et second stockeurs d'énergie électrique (2, 3) étant couplés électriquement par un convertisseur continu - continu bidirectionnel (4) contrôlé en fonction des états de fonctionnement dudit véhicule, caractérisé en ce que ledit convertisseur continu - continu (4) comprend une capacité flottante (14) connectée en série entre lesdits premier et second stockeurs d'énergie électrique (2, 3). 1) Dual electrical energy storage power supply system (1) of an electric or hybrid motor vehicle intended to be connected to a power network of said vehicle (5) of the type comprising those comprising a first electrical energy store ( 2), having a first mass energy, a first mass power and a first operating voltage (Ue), and a second electrical energy storage (3), having a second mass energy lower than said first mass energy, a second power a mass greater than said first mass power and a second operating voltage (Up) greater than said first operating voltage (Ue), said first and second electrical energy storage devices (2, 3) being electrically coupled by a DC-DC converter bidirectional (4) controlled according to the operating states of said vehicle, characterized in that said DC - DC converter (4) comprises a floating capacitor (14) connected in series between said first and second electrical energy storage (2, 3).
2) Système alimentation électrique à double stockeurs d'énergie électrique (1 ) d'un véhicule automobile électrique ou hybride selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que ledit convertisseur continu - continu (4) comprend en outre un premier pont en H (15) formé par des premiers éléments de commutation à semi-conducteur (16) connecté en parallèle sur ladite capacité flottante (14) par l'intermédiaire de premiers éléments de filtrage (17) et couplé par un transformateur (18) à un deuxième pont en H (19) formé par des deuxièmes éléments de commutation à semi-conducteur (20) connecté en parallèle sur ledit premier stockeur d'énergie électrique (2) par l'intermédiaire de seconds élément de filtrage (21 ), ledit convertisseur continu - continu (4) étant, d'une part, apte à transférer des premières charges (6) à partir dudit premier stockeur d'énergie électrique (2) vers ledit second stockeur d'énergie électrique (3) quand ledit premier pont en H (15) fonctionne en redresseur et ledit second pont en H (19) fonctionne en onduleur, et, d'autre part, apte à transférer des secondes charges (8) à partir dudit second stockeur d'énergie électrique (3) vers ledit premier stockeur d'énergie électrique (2) quand ledit premier pont en H f(15) fonctionne en onduleur et ledit second pont en H (19) fonctionne en redresseur. 3) Système d'alimentation électrique à double stockeurs d'énergie électrique (1 ) d'un véhicule automobile électrique ou hybride selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre un chargeur (22) apte à être relié à un réseau électrique de distribution (23), ledit chargeur (22) comprenant un troisième pont en H (24) formé par des troisièmes éléments de commutation à semi-conducteur (25) fonctionnant en onduleur et constituant, en étant couplé par ledit transformateur (18) audit deuxième pont en H (19) fonctionnant en redresseur, une alimentation à découpage (19, 24) apte à charger ledit premier stockeur d'énergie électrique (2) à partir dudit réseau électrique de distribution (23). 2) A dual electrical energy storage power supply system (1) of an electric or hybrid motor vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that said DC-DC converter (4) further comprises a first H-bridge (15). ) formed by first semiconductor switching elements (16) connected in parallel to said floating capacitor (14) via first filter elements (17) and coupled by a transformer (18) to a second bridge (16). H (19) formed by second semiconductor switching elements (20) connected in parallel to said first electrical energy store (2) via second filter element (21), said DC-DC converter (4) being able, on the one hand, to transfer first charges (6) from said first electric energy store (2) to said second electric energy store (3) when said first bridge H (15) operates as a rectifier and said second H-bridge (19) operates as an inverter, and secondly, capable of transferring second charges (8) from said second storage of electrical energy (3) to said first electrical energy store (2) when said first H-bridge (15) operates as an inverter and said second H-bridge (19) operates as a rectifier. 3) electrical power system dual energy storage (1) of an electric or hybrid motor vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that it further comprises a charger (22) adapted to be connected to a electrical distribution network (23), said charger (22) comprising a third H-bridge (24) formed by third semiconductor switching elements (25) operating in an inverter and constituting, being coupled by said transformer (18); ) to said second H-bridge (19) operating as a rectifier, a switching power supply (19, 24) able to charge said first storer of electrical energy (2) from said distribution electrical network (23).
4) Système d'alimentation électrique à double stockeurs d'énergie électrique (1 ) d'un véhicule automobile électrique ou hybride selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que ledit chargeur (22) comprend en outre un élément de correction du facteur de puissance (26). 4) Dual electric energy storage power supply system (1) of an electric or hybrid motor vehicle according to claim 3, characterized in that said charger (22) further comprises a power factor correction element (26).
5) Système d'alimentation électrique à double stockeurs d'énergie électrique (1 ) d'un véhicule automobile électrique ou hybride selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4 précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lesdits premier, deuxième et troisième ponts en H (15, 19, 24) fonctionnent en régime de commutation à tension nulle ou en régime de commutation à courant nul. 5) A dual electrical energy storage power supply system (1) of an electric or hybrid motor vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims 2 to 4, characterized in that said first, second and third H-bridges. (15, 19, 24) operate in zero-voltage switching mode or in zero-current switching mode.
6) Système d'alimentation électrique à double stockeurs d'énergie électrique (1 ) d'un véhicule automobile électrique ou hybride selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 5 précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lesdits deuxièmes éléments de commutation à semi-conducteur (20) sont de type IGBT. 6) Dual electric energy storage power supply system (1) of an electric or hybrid motor vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims 2 to 5, characterized in that said second semiconductor switching elements (20) are of the IGBT type.
7) Système d'alimentation électrique à double stockeurs d'énergie électrique (1 ) d'un véhicule automobile électrique ou hybride selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 5 précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lesdits premiers, deuxièmes et troisièmes éléments de commutation à semi-conducteur (16, 20, 25) sont de type MOSFET. 7) A dual electrical energy storage power supply system (1) of an electric or hybrid motor vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims 2 to 5, characterized in that said first, second and third switching elements semiconductor (16, 20, 25) are of the MOSFET type.
8) Système d'alimentation électrique à double stockeurs d'énergie électrique (1 ) d'un véhicule automobile électrique ou hybride selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 7 précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lesdits premiers éléments de commutation à semi-conducteur (16) présentent une première tension de service de l'ordre d'une différence de tension maximale entre ladite première tension de fonctionnement (Ue) et ladite seconde tension de fonctionnement (Up). 8) A dual electric energy storage power supply system (1) of an electric or hybrid motor vehicle according to any one of Claims 2 to 7, characterized in that said first semiconductor switching elements (16) have a first operating voltage of the order of a maximum voltage difference between said first operating voltage (Ue) and said second operating voltage (Up).
9) Système d'alimentation électrique à double stockeurs d'énergie électrique (1 ) d'un véhicule automobile électrique ou hybride selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que lesdits premiers éléments de filtrage (17) sont constitués d'une self et d'un condensateur présentant une seconde tension de service de l'ordre de ladite différence de tension maximale. 9) A dual electrical energy storage power supply system (1) of an electric or hybrid motor vehicle according to claim 8, characterized in that said first filtering elements (17) consist of a self and a a capacitor having a second operating voltage of the order of said maximum voltage difference.
10) Véhicule automobile électrique ou hybride comprenant un système d'alimentation électrique à double stockeurs d'énergie électrique (1 ) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9 précédentes. 10) An electric or hybrid motor vehicle comprising a dual electrical energy storage power supply system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9 above.
EP13801622.5A 2012-10-31 2013-10-29 Electricity supply system having double power-storage devices of a hybrid or electric motor vehicle Withdrawn EP2915242A2 (en)

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FR1260411A FR2997583B1 (en) 2012-10-31 2012-10-31 POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM WITH DOUBLE STORAGE OF ELECTRIC ENERGY OF A MOTOR VEHICLE OR HYBRID
PCT/FR2013/052587 WO2014068245A2 (en) 2012-10-31 2013-10-29 Electricity supply system having double power-storage devices of a hybrid or electric motor vehicle

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