EP2912230B1 - Structure with geotextile - Google Patents

Structure with geotextile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2912230B1
EP2912230B1 EP13785559.9A EP13785559A EP2912230B1 EP 2912230 B1 EP2912230 B1 EP 2912230B1 EP 13785559 A EP13785559 A EP 13785559A EP 2912230 B1 EP2912230 B1 EP 2912230B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
geotextile
tubing
structure according
geotextile structure
tubular
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Not-in-force
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EP13785559.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2912230A1 (en
Inventor
Philippe Delmas
Jean-Paul Ducol
Marie Tankere
Joanna GORNIAK
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MDB Texinov SA
Deltaval SARL
Original Assignee
MDB Texinov SA
Deltaval SARL
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Priority to PL13785559T priority Critical patent/PL2912230T3/en
Publication of EP2912230A1 publication Critical patent/EP2912230A1/en
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Publication of EP2912230B1 publication Critical patent/EP2912230B1/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/18Making embankments, e.g. dikes, dams
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04BKNITTING
    • D04B21/00Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B21/14Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes
    • D04B21/16Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes incorporating synthetic threads
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20Securing of slopes or inclines
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0258Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features
    • E02D29/0291Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features made up of filled, bag-like elements
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10BINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/02Cross-sectional features
    • D10B2403/023Fabric with at least two, predominantly unlinked, knitted or woven plies interlaced with each other at spaced locations or linked to a common internal co-extensive yarn system
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10BINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2505/00Industrial
    • D10B2505/20Industrial for civil engineering, e.g. geotextiles
    • D10B2505/204Geotextiles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of geotextile structures, and more particularly to that of the field of recess and / or stabilization of soils and embankments, in the context of civil engineering operations.
  • the objective of the present invention resides first and foremost in the simplification of the realization of the stabilization of floors, especially furniture, on the one hand, and the realization of embankments on the other hand, particularly in areas with difficulty accessible and therefore in which the contribution of conventional materials is difficult or impossible.
  • the most appropriate fibers are chosen.
  • this structure in particular in its tubular part, has a permeability to air to allow the pressure filling of the aggregates, and to obtain a confinement conferring the desired cohesion of the material thus injected.
  • This type of technology makes it possible to produce double-faced textiles, that is to say having two textile surfaces in parallel planes, which may be identical or of different geometries due to the nature and the binding of the threads used. artwork. These two surfaces are simultaneously connected by orthogonal wires substantially perpendicular to said surfaces in order either to connect them completely or not to connect them in specific zones.
  • the zone (702) determines the operating resistance of the geosynthetic from which the service resistance calculated according to the state of the art is determined according to the constraints in the structure.
  • the breaking strength is between 40 and 80 kN.
  • tubular zones of large diameters are intended to constitute the front of the embankment mass to be reinforced, and the tubular zones of small diameters are intended for the passage of rods or metal tubes, for example in order to make skirting cladding, and such that he was represented on the figure 5c .
  • the tubular zones intended to receive such elements are not filled by the aggregates.
  • additional tubular zones may also allow the realization of a complementary anchorage in the form of a geosynthetic layer bonded by these means to the anchoring ply of the structure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)

Description

DOMAINE DE L'INVENTIONFIELD OF THE INVENTION

La présente invention se rapporte au domaine des structures géotextiles, et plus particulièrement à celui du domaine du renfoncement et/ou de la stabilisation des sols et des remblais, dans le cadre d'opérations de génie civil.The present invention relates to the field of geotextile structures, and more particularly to that of the field of recess and / or stabilization of soils and embankments, in the context of civil engineering operations.

Elle vise une telle structure géotextile alliant tout à la fois la simplicité de mise en oeuvre et la pérennité dans le temps.It aims at such a geotextile structure combining both simplicity of implementation and durability over time.

ETAT ANTERIEUR DE LA TECHNIQUEPRIOR STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE

La réalisation d'infrastructures de génie civil en zones critiques, telles que par exemple, des remblais, des pentes, des sols meubles, ou encore la réalisation de digues, posent un certain nombre de difficultés, notamment en relation avec la stabilité des ouvrages ainsi réalisés.The construction of civil engineering infrastructure in critical areas, such as, for example, embankments, slopes, soft ground, or the construction of dikes, poses a certain number of difficulties, particularly in relation to the stability of the structures as well as made.

En effet, de tels ouvrages sont soumis à des sollicitations importantes, continues ou répétées, nécessitant d'être localement renforcés.Indeed, such structures are subject to significant solicitations, continuous or repeated, requiring to be locally reinforced.

La mise en oeuvre des géosynthétiques depuis de nombreuses années, notamment au niveau des remblais et des murs de soutènement, a permis d'améliorer significativement la réalisation de tels ouvrages, voir US 2009 304 458 A .The implementation of geosynthetics for many years, particularly at embankments and retaining walls, has significantly improved the realization of such works, see US 2009 304,458 A .

Ces géosynthétiques se présentent traditionnellement sous la forme de nappes ou couches, ancrées dans le sol à stabiliser, et mises en place avant le positionnement d'un parement qui va constituer le front du remblai, un tel parement pouvant par exemple être réalisé en pierres, en blocs de béton moulé, ou autres.These geosynthetics are traditionally in the form of sheets or layers, anchored in the soil to be stabilized, and placed before the positioning of a facing that will form the front of the embankment, such a facing may for example be made of stones, in molded concrete blocks, or others.

Le confinement du sol par de tels géosynthétiques à proximité du parement nécessite l'utilisation de coffrages adaptés, de mise en oeuvre souvent longue, coûteuse et fastidieuse.The confinement of the soil by such geosynthetics in the vicinity of the facing requires the use of suitable forms, often long, expensive and tedious implementation.

En effet, il convient d'apporter sur le site l'ensemble des moyens techniques, les matériaux de parement et les moyens de coffrage, nécessitant ainsi autant d'opérations de manutention et de mise en place.Indeed, it is appropriate to bring to the site all the technical means, facing materials and formwork means, thus requiring as many handling operations and implementation.

L'objectif visé par la présente invention réside tout d'abord dans la simplification de la réalisation de la stabilisation de sols, meubles notamment, d'une part, et de la réalisation de remblais d'autre part, en particulier dans des zones difficilement accessibles et donc dans lesquelles l'apport de matériaux classiques est difficile, voire impossible.The objective of the present invention resides first and foremost in the simplification of the realization of the stabilization of floors, especially furniture, on the one hand, and the realization of embankments on the other hand, particularly in areas with difficulty accessible and therefore in which the contribution of conventional materials is difficult or impossible.

EXPOSE DE L'INVENTIONSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A cet effet, l'invention concerne une structure géotextile comprenant une partie tubulaire, apte à être remplie par un matériau granulaire, associée à une nappe d'ancrage de l'ensemble constitutif de la structure dans le sol à stabiliser, ou dans le remblai à renforcer.To this end, the invention relates to a geotextile structure comprising a tubular portion, capable of being filled with a granular material, associated with an anchoring ply of the assembly constituting the structure in the soil to be stabilized, or in the backfill. strengthen.

En d'autres termes, l'invention consiste à réaliser une structure tubulaire dans laquelle sont injectés des granulats, avantageusement de densité réduite, susceptible d'encaisser et d'amortir les efforts de compression, résultant d'une part du remblai que la structure est destinée à stabiliser ainsi que des surcharges d'exploitation appliquées à celui-ci, et d'autre part, de l'éventuel empilement des structures géotextiles de l'invention l'une sur l'autre, notamment en cas de pentes, cette structure tubulaire étant encrée dans le sol au moyen de la nappe à laquelle elle est associée.In other words, the invention consists in producing a tubular structure in which are injected aggregates, advantageously of reduced density, capable of absorbing and damping the compressive forces, resulting on the one hand from the embankment that the structure is intended to stabilize as well as operating overloads applied thereto, and secondly, the possible stacking of the geotextile structures of the invention on one another, particularly in the case of slopes, this tubular structure being inked in the ground by means of the sheet with which it is associated.

On dispose ainsi d'une structure susceptible d'être très facilement mise en oeuvre, et en outre, permettant d'assurer le confinement d'un matériau de remplissage se présentant sous la forme d'agrégats, ce qui confère à l'ensemble une haute résistance pour le renfort de structure de sol, notamment mais pas limitativement, et également pour les applications pour lesquelles les solutions conventionnelles sont difficiles, voire impossibles à mettre en oeuvre (accessibilité de l'ouvrage, charges limitées, zone dangereuse...)There is thus a structure that can be very easily implemented, and in addition, to ensure the confinement of a filler material in the form of aggregates, which gives the whole a high strength for the reinforcement of soil structure, including but not limited to, and also for applications for which conventional solutions are difficult or impossible to implement (accessibility of the structure, limited loads, danger zone ...)

Selon l'invention, la partie tubulaire et la nappe d'ancrage sont constituées d'une structure unitaire tricotée, réalisée par la technologie dite « à maille jetée », et généralement exempte de toutes coutures. Dans ce cas, la structure est notamment réalisable sur des métiers maille jetée de type Rachel double fonture. Alternativement, il peut être envisagé la mise en oeuvre de coutures, notamment pour la définition de la partie tubulaire.According to the invention, the tubular part and the anchor ply consist of a unitary knitted structure, made by the so-called "pier stitch" technology, and generally free of any seams. In this case, the structure is particularly feasible on knitting loom type Rachel Rachel double needle. Alternatively, it can be envisaged the implementation of seams, in particular for the definition of the tubular part.

Cette structure est typiquement réalisée en fibres synthétiques haute ténacité, notamment en polyester, polyéthylène, polyamide, polypropylène, en PVA (polyvinyle acetate), voire en aramide, lorsqu'elle est destinée à être soumise à de très fortes contraintes. Elle peut également être constituée d'un mélange de ces fibres.This structure is typically made of high tenacity synthetic fibers, in particular polyester, polyethylene, polyamide, polypropylene, PVA (polyvinyl acetate), or even aramid, when it is intended to be subjected to very high stresses. It may also consist of a mixture of these fibers.

En fonction des caractéristiques physico-chimiques du matériau, en particulier de son pH, injecté dans le géotextile en question, on choisit les fibres les mieux appropriées.Depending on the physicochemical characteristics of the material, in particular its pH, injected into the geotextile in question, the most appropriate fibers are chosen.

Au surplus, cette structure, notamment dans sa partie tubulaire, présente une perméabilité à l'air pour permettre le remplissage sous pression des granulats, et pour obtenir un confinement conférant la cohésion recherchée du matériau ainsi injecté.Moreover, this structure, in particular in its tubular part, has a permeability to air to allow the pressure filling of the aggregates, and to obtain a confinement conferring the desired cohesion of the material thus injected.

Typiquement, cette perméabilité à l'air, mesurée selon la norme NF EN ISO 9237, se situe entre 1000 et 10000 L/m2.s sous une pression de 1300 Pa, et avantageusement entre 3000 et 6000 L/m2.s, pour un taux d'ouverture compris entre 10 et 20 %.Typically, this air permeability, measured according to standard NF EN ISO 9237, is between 1000 and 10000 L / m 2 .s under a pressure of 1300 Pa, and advantageously between 3000 and 6000 L / m 2 .s, for an opening rate between 10 and 20%.

Si cette perméabilité n'est pas dans cette plage idéale, l'injection des granulats peut être rendue difficile, voire impossible, en raison de phénomènes de refoulement liés à la pression de l'air à l'intérieur du tube par exemple. En outre, on ne peut plus alors confiner ou compacter lesdits granulats au sein de la zone tubulaire, affectant dès lors l'effet technique recherché, notamment en termes de tenue, de rigidité et de stabilité.If this permeability is not in this ideal range, the injection of aggregates can be made difficult or impossible because of discharge phenomena related to the pressure of the air inside the tube, for example. In addition, it can no longer be confined or compact said aggregates within the tubular zone, thereby affecting the desired technical effect, especially in terms of strength, rigidity and stability.

La perméabilité du textile sera également adaptée au type de matériau granulaire choisi ou disponible sur le chantier, et au procédé d'injection du matériau dans les tubes.The permeability of the textile will also be adapted to the type of granular material chosen or available on the site, and to the process of injecting the material into the tubes.

Le choix du matériau constitutif de cette structure répond également à une exigence de comportement et de résistance mécanique, notamment la résistance à l'abrasion lors du remplissage et dans le temps, en termes de durabilité chimique et de fluage. Elle doit également tenir compte des conditions physiques ou chimiques liées à la nature du matériau de remplissage d'une part, et de celle du sol dans lequel elle est destinée à venir s'ancrer d'autre part.The choice of the material constituting this structure also meets a requirement of behavior and mechanical strength, including resistance to abrasion during filling and over time, in terms of chemical durability and creep. It must also take into account the physical or chemical conditions related to the nature of the filling material on the one hand, and that of the soil in which it is intended to become anchored on the other hand.

Au demeurant, la structure textile présente un module de traction élevé afin de permettre une pression adéquate sur le matériau remplissant la partie tubulaire, et assurer ainsi l'effet de confinement recherché, sans pour autant engendrer de déformations importantes de l'enveloppe définie par la partie tubulaire, et en outre, permettant de répondre aux exigences de très faibles déformations à long terme, sous l'effet des contraintes de l'ouvrage de génie civil pour lequel elle est destinée.Moreover, the textile structure has a high tensile modulus to allow adequate pressure on the material filling the tubular portion, and thus ensure the desired confinement effect, without causing significant deformation of the envelope defined by the tubular part, and further, to meet the requirements of very small deformation in the long term, under the effect of the constraints of the civil engineering works for which it is intended.

En outre, la mise en oeuvre de la technologie « maille jetée » sur métier Rachel double fonture permet de réaliser en une seule opération ladite structure, c'est-à-dire définissant en sortie de machine la partie tubulaire et la nappe d'ancrage.In addition, the implementation of the "knit stitch" technology on a double Rachel needle loom makes it possible to carry out in a single operation said structure, that is to say defining at the machine outlet the tubular portion and the anchor ply. .

Selon un mode particulier de la présente invention, la structure peut être obtenue sur des métiers Rachel double fonture avec insertion de trame, au moins sur l'une des deux nappes textiles, afin d'obtenir un module de déformation différent au niveau de la nappe destinée à l'ancrage. Typiquement, le fil inséré en trame peut présenter une résistance et un allongement différents selon qu'il est destiné à assurer la tenue de la zone tubulaire ou celle de la partie ancrage.According to one particular embodiment of the present invention, the structure can be obtained on Rachel double needle bedding with weft insertion, at least on one of the two textile plies, in order to obtain a different modulus of deformation at the level of the ply. intended for anchoring. Typically, the yarn inserted in weft may have different strength and elongation depending on whether it is intended to ensure the holding of the tubular zone or that of the anchoring portion.

Le fait de rajouter une trame dans ce sens limite l'extensibilité du géotextile à celle des fils utilisés en trame sans interaction du liage proprement dit. Dans ce cas, en choisissant des fibres de raideur ou ténacité contrôlées, on transmet leur comportement directement au géotextile avec incidence sur le comportement de l'ouvrage.Adding a frame in this direction limits the extensibility of the geotextile to that of the threads used in the weft without interaction of the binding itself. In this case, by choosing controlled stiffness or toughness fibers, their behavior is transmitted directly to the geotextile, with an impact on the behavior of the structure.

Selon l'invention, il peut être prévu des moyens de liaison entre les parties tubulaires, tant horizontalement, notamment pour réaliser des ouvrages de grandes longueurs, que verticalement, afin d'atteindre la hauteur désirée dans de bonnes conditions de stabilité.According to the invention, there can be provided connecting means between the tubular parts, both horizontally, especially for making long length structures, and vertically, in order to achieve the desired height in good conditions of stability.

Ces moyens de liaison font partie intégrante de la structure géotextile, et peuvent le cas échéant être prévus dans l'armure textile. Ainsi, selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, la structure géotextile peut présenter deux voire plusieurs parties tubulaires. Notamment, il peut être envisagé de prévoir deux parties tubulaires extrêmes, séparées l'une de l'autre par la nappe d'ancrage. Il est alors possible d'insérer, par exemple, des tubes, des joncs, des câbles ou des barres métalliques, voire des sangles dans certaines de ces zones tubulaires additionnelles, et de manière générale tout moyen équivalent, et de facilement les relier par tous moyens mécaniques ou brides de liaison...These connecting means are an integral part of the geotextile structure, and may optionally be provided in the textile armor. Thus, according to one embodiment of the invention, the geotextile structure may have two or more tubular parts. In particular, it can be envisaged to provide two extreme tubular parts, separated from each other by the anchoring ply. It is then possible to insert, for example, tubes, rods, cables or metal bars, or even straps in some of these additional tubular zones, and generally any equivalent means, and easily connect them by all mechanical means or connecting flanges ...

Là encore, quel que soit le nombre de parties tubulaires, la structure est susceptible d'être obtenue en une seule opération sur un métier Rachel double fontureAgain, regardless of the number of tubular parts, the structure is likely to be obtained in a single operation on a loom Rachel double needle

Le diamètre des deux parties tubulaires extrêmes ainsi définies peut être identique ou différent.The diameter of the two extreme tubular portions thus defined may be identical or different.

EXPOSE DES FIGURESEXPOSE OF FIGURES

La manière dont l'invention peut être réalisée et les avantages qui en découlent, ressortiront mieux des exemples de réalisation qui suivent, donnés à titre indicatif et non limitatif à l'appui des figures annexées.

  • La figure 1a est une représentation schématique en section transversale d'une première forme de réalisation de la structure géotextile de l'invention, préalablement à son remplissage.
  • La figure 1b est une vue analogue à la figure 1a, mais dans laquelle la structure géotextile est remplie en matériau de remplissage.
  • La figure 2 est une représentation schématique en section de la mise en oeuvre de la structure géotextile des figures la et 1b, au sein d'un ouvrage de génie civil de type remblai.
  • Les figures 3 et 4 illustrent schématiquement le mode de confinement à l'intérieur de la partie tubulaire de la structure géotextile de l'invention, ainsi que le comportement géométrique de ladite partie tubulaire lorsqu'elle est mise sous charge dans l'ouvrage final.
  • Les figures 5a, 5b et 5c représentent des vues schématiques en section transversale de variantes de la structure géotextile de l'invention.
  • La figure 6 est une représentation schématique illustrant la mise en oeuvre de l'une de ces variantes au sein d'un remblai.
  • La figure 7 est un graphe tendant à illustrer la courbe de traction de la zone tubulaire de la structure géosynthétique de l'invention.
  • Les figures 8a à 8f représentent les différentes étapes de la mise en oeuvre de la structure de l'invention pour la réalisation, par exemple, d'un parement monolithique.
  • Les figures 9a, 9b et 9c illustrent la mise en oeuvre de la structure de l'invention pour la réalisation de fondations sur sols meubles.
The manner in which the invention can be realized and the advantages which result therefrom will emerge more clearly from the following exemplary embodiments, given as an indication and not a limitation to the accompanying figures.
  • The figure 1a is a schematic representation in cross section of a first embodiment of the geotextile structure of the invention, prior to its filling.
  • The figure 1b is a view similar to the figure 1a but in which the geotextile structure is filled with filling material.
  • The figure 2 is a schematic representation in section of the implementation of the geotextile structure of Figures la and 1b, within a civil engineering embankment type.
  • The Figures 3 and 4 schematically illustrate the mode of confinement inside the tubular portion of the geotextile structure of the invention, as well as the geometric behavior of said tubular portion when it is put under load in the final work.
  • The Figures 5a, 5b and 5c represent schematic cross-sectional views of variants of the geotextile structure of the invention.
  • The figure 6 is a schematic representation illustrating the implementation of one of these variants within an embankment.
  • The figure 7 is a graph tending to illustrate the tensile curve of the tubular zone of the geosynthetic structure of the invention.
  • The Figures 8a to 8f represent the various steps of the implementation of the structure of the invention for the realization of, for example, a monolithic facing.
  • The Figures 9a, 9b and 9c illustrate the implementation of the structure of the invention for the realization of foundations on soft ground.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE L'INVENTIONDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

On a donc représenté sur les figures 1 et 2 la structure géotextile conforme à l'invention, en section transversale.We therefore represented on Figures 1 and 2 the geotextile structure according to the invention, in cross section.

Cette structure est composée d'un tricot unitaire, obtenu, comme déjà indiqué par la mise en oeuvre de la technologie à maille jetée, sur un métier Rachel double fonture, permettant, en sortie de machine, de définir les deux zones caractéristiques de l'invention, respectivement une partie tubulaire (102) et une partie plane (103), cette dernière étant définie ci-après par l'expression « nappe d'ancrage ».This structure is composed of a unitary knit, obtained, as already indicated by the implementation of the jetty mesh technology, on a loom Rachel double needle, allowing, at the output of the machine, to define the two characteristic zones of the invention, respectively a tubular portion (102) and a flat portion (103), the latter being defined hereinafter by the expression "anchor ply".

Ce type de technologie permet de réaliser des textiles double face, c'est-à-dire présentant deux surfaces textiles dans des plans parallèles, lesquelles peuvent être identiques ou de géométries différentes de par la nature et les liages des fils mis en oeuvre. Ces deux surfaces sont simultanément reliées par des fils orthogonaux sensiblement perpendiculaires aux dites surfaces afin, soit de les relier complètement, soit de ne pas les relier dans des zones déterminées.This type of technology makes it possible to produce double-faced textiles, that is to say having two textile surfaces in parallel planes, which may be identical or of different geometries due to the nature and the binding of the threads used. artwork. These two surfaces are simultaneously connected by orthogonal wires substantially perpendicular to said surfaces in order either to connect them completely or not to connect them in specific zones.

C'est ainsi que dans la zone tubulaire, on n'a pas de liaison entre les deux textiles : il n'y a de liaison que de de chaque côté pour fermer le tube. Ensuite dans la zone d'ancrage, on relie intégralement les deux faces en modifiant les liages à cet effet.Thus in the tubular zone, there is no connection between the two textiles: there is only connection on each side to close the tube. Then in the anchoring zone, the two faces are integrally connected by modifying the bindings for this purpose.

Cette structure est réalisée à base de fils ou fibres présentant des caractéristiques, notamment de résistance mécanique d'une part, et physico-chimique d'autre part, compatibles avec l'application envisagée en termes de génie civil.This structure is made based on son or fibers having characteristics, including mechanical strength on the one hand, and physico-chemical on the other hand, compatible with the application envisaged in terms of civil engineering.

Typiquement, elle peut être réalisée en polypropylène, polyvinyl acetate, voire en aramide, ou encore en un mélange de ces fibres. D'autres fibres appropriées peuvent être mises en oeuvre, telles que par exemple du polyester, du polyamide, du polyéthylène, suivant l'environnement chimique des matériaux.Typically, it can be made of polypropylene, polyvinyl acetate, or even aramid, or a mixture of these fibers. Other suitable fibers may be used, such as, for example, polyester, polyamide or polyethylene, depending on the chemical environment of the materials.

En outre, et notamment au niveau de la partie tubulaire (102), elle présente une perméabilité adaptée pour permettre son remplissage dans des bonnes conditions de compactage avec un matériau granulaire, ainsi que décrit ci-après.In addition, and especially at the tubular portion (102), it has a permeability adapted to allow its filling in good compacting conditions with a granular material, as described below.

A titre exemplatif, il est décrit ci-après, un mode de disposition des fils sur une jauge machine 6, 9 ou 12 (ces trois valeurs représentant le nombre d'aiguilles au pouce de 25,4 mm) et ce afin de répartir les parties tubulaires (102) et la nappe d'ancrage (103). Barre I : 88/00/00/88 Barre II : 22/20/00/02 Barre III : 11/10/00/01 Barre IV : 10/10/01/01 Barre V : 10/00/01/11 Barre VI : 20/00/02/22 Barre VII : 00/00/88/88 By way of example, it is described below, a mode of arrangement of the son on a machine gauge 6, 9 or 12 (these three values representing the number of needles per inch of 25.4 mm) and in order to distribute the tubular portions (102) and the anchor web (103). Bar I 88/00/00/88 Bar II : 22/20/00/02 Bar III : 11/10/00/01 Bar IV : 10/10/01/01 Bar V : 10/00/01/11 Bar VI : 20/00/02/22 Bar VII : 00/00/88/88

On peut observer sur la figure 1b, la zone tubulaire (102) remplie d'un matériau granulaire. En l'espèce, ce matériau granulaire est avantageusement constitué de billes d'argile de faible densité. Typiquement, cette densité est de l'ordre de 300 kg/m3, à comparer avec une densité de 5 à 6 fois plus importante pour un sol standard.We can observe on the figure 1b the tubular zone (102) filled with a granular material. In this case, this granular material is advantageously made of low density clay balls. Typically, this density is of the order of 300 kg / m 3 , compared with a density of 5 to 6 times greater for a standard soil.

Typiquement, ces granulés en argile expansée présentent :

  • un angle de frottement ϕ' = 38° (il s'agit de l'angle du talus naturel) ;
  • un poids volumique y = 3 à 5 kN/m3.
Typically, these expanded clay granules have:
  • a friction angle φ '= 38 ° (this is the angle of the natural slope);
  • a density y = 3 to 5 kN / m 3 .

A titre exemplatif, on peut utiliser des billes d'argile commercialisées sous la marque déposée « LECA », de granulométrie comprise entre 10 et 20 millimètres de diamètre.By way of example, it is possible to use clay balls marketed under the trademark "LECA", with a particle size of between 10 and 20 millimeters in diameter.

La mise en oeuvre d'un tel granulat permet d'assurer une isolation thermique et phonique, et en outre une facilité de mise en oeuvre, et notamment de remplissage de la partie tubulaire par soufflage, au moyen de machines soufflantes bien connues, munies d'un tube simplement introduit dans la partie tubulaire en vue de son remplissage, et corollairement du compactage desdits granulats au sein de ladite partie (102).The use of such a granulate makes it possible to provide thermal and sound insulation, and moreover ease of use, and in particular of filling the tubular part by blowing, by means of well-known blowing machines provided with a tube simply introduced into the tubular part for filling, and corollary compaction said aggregates within said portion (102).

On a représenté en relation avec la figure 7, la courbe de traction de la structure géosynthétique de l'invention. On peut observer deux zones distinctes, caractérisant la capacité d'extension et de la mise sous tension finale.We have shown in relation to the figure 7 , the tensile curve of the geosynthetic structure of the invention. There are two distinct zones, characterizing the expansion capacity and the final power-up.

Ainsi donc, la zone (701) s'établit à 10 - 15% maximum de déformation, cette zone correspondant à la mise sous tension du tube lors de l'injection du granulat à l'intérieur.Thus, the zone (701) is established at 10 - 15% maximum of deformation, this zone corresponding to the tensioning of the tube during the injection of the granulate inside.

La zone (702) détermine la résistance de fonctionnement du géosynthétique à partir de laquelle on détermine la résistance de service calculée suivant l'état de l'art en fonction des contraintes dans l'ouvrage. La résistance à la rupture s'établit entre 40 et 80 kN.The zone (702) determines the operating resistance of the geosynthetic from which the service resistance calculated according to the state of the art is determined according to the constraints in the structure. The breaking strength is between 40 and 80 kN.

On a également représenté en relation avec les figures 3 et 4, d'une part le confinement effectif du matériau granulaire au niveau de la partie tubulaire, et d'autre part, son comportement géométrique sous charge et sous confinement.It has also been shown in relation to Figures 3 and 4 on the one hand, the effective confinement of the granular material at the level of the tubular part, and on the other hand, its geometric behavior under load and under confinement.

Ainsi donc, on peut comprendre que l'injection des granulats au sein de la partie tubulaire induit l'extension de cette dernière radialement. En réaction, elle induit des forces de compaction, engendrant le confinement desdits granulats et corollairement de la cohésion à l'ensemble desdits granulats, et de la rigidité à l'ensemble de la structure.Thus, it can be understood that the injection of aggregates within the tubular portion induces the extension of the latter radially. In response, it induces compaction forces, causing the confinement of said aggregates and corollary cohesion to all of said aggregates, and rigidity to the entire structure.

La déformation de la partie tubulaire apparaît bien en figure 4. Cette déformation est inhérente au compactage de la zone tubulaire, à la charge, du remblai ou du sol notamment, mais également, des éventuelles autres structures géosynthétiques de l'invention, susceptibles de venir s'empiler les unes sur les autres, jusqu'à atteindre la hauteur souhaitée.The deformation of the tubular part appears well in figure 4 . This deformation is inherent to the compacting of the tubular zone, the load, the embankment or soil in particular, but also, any other geosynthetic structures of the invention, which may pile up on each other, up to reach the desired height.

On observe ainsi un relatif aplatissement de la zone tubulaire, toutefois limité, la flèche supérieure illustrant le poids principal de la charge inhérente au remblai, au sein duquel la structure géotextile de l'invention se met en place, outre des éventuelles structures géotextiles empilées au-dessus de celles-ci, et tel que par exemple illustré sur la figure 2. Cet aplatissement permet d'augmenter les surfaces de superposition, et corollairement optimise la stabilité de l'ensemble.There is thus a relative flattening of the tubular zone, however limited, the upper arrow illustrating the main weight of the load inherent in the backfill, in which the geotextile structure of the invention is put in place, in addition to possible geotextile structures stacked at above them, and such as for example illustrated on the figure 2 . This flattening makes it possible to increase the superposition surfaces, and corollary optimizes the stability of the assembly.

La figure 2 illustre l'empilement des structures géotextiles de l'invention lors de leur mise en oeuvre pour la réalisation d'un ouvrage de génie civil de type remblai ou pente, lesdites zones tubulaires étant positionnées en avant de l'ouvrage, afin de constituer le front du remblai ou de la pente. On peut observer que les nappes d'ancrage sont chacune recouvertes d'une couche de sol ou de remblai, qui en raison du poids qu'elles exercent, rigidifient la structure et optimisent la stabilité du front constitué par les zones tubulaires remplies d'agrégats ou de matériau granulaire.The figure 2 illustrates the stack of geotextile structures of the invention during their implementation for the realization of a civil engineering work of embankment type or slope, said tubular zones being positioned in front of the structure, to form the front embankment or slope. It can be observed that the anchoring plies are each covered with a layer of soil or embankment, which, because of the weight they exert, stiffen the structure and optimize the stability of the front formed by the tubular zones filled with aggregates. or granular material.

On a représenté en relation avec la figure 5a, 5b, 5c, des variantes de réalisation de l'invention.We have shown in relation to the FIG. 5a, 5b, 5c embodiments of the invention.

Ainsi donc, au sein de la figure 5a, on a représenté une structure géotextile comprenant plusieurs zones tubulaires, en l'espèce de diamètre différent.So, within the figure 5a there is shown a geotextile structure comprising several tubular zones, in this case of different diameter.

Cette variante permet d'apporter des solutions pratiques et efficaces à des problèmes de fixation de parement, ou pour effectuer des jonctions avec d'autres éléments. Il est alors possible d'insérer des tubes, joncs ou barres métalliques par exemple, dans ces zones tubulaires de façon à permettre des connexions entre les nappes, selon les directions longitudinales, transversales et verticales. Lesdites connexions sont alors susceptibles de re transmettre les efforts fonctionnels souhaités.This variant makes it possible to provide practical and effective solutions to face fixing problems, or to make junctions with other elements. It is then possible to insert tubes, rods or metal bars for example, in these tubular zones so as to allow connections between the layers, in the longitudinal, transverse and vertical directions. Said connections are then able to transmit the desired functional forces.

Typiquement, le diamètre des zones tubulaires peut varier de quelques centimètres, par exemple de 2 à 10 centimètres, jusqu'à 50 voire 100 centimètres, en fonction des épaisseurs de couches calculées, et en fonction de la nature de l'ouvrage à renforcer.Typically, the diameter of the tubular zones may vary from a few centimeters, for example from 2 to 10 centimeters, up to 50 or even 100 centimeters, depending on the thicknesses of layers calculated, and depending on the nature of the structure to be reinforced.

Les zones tubulaires de gros diamètres sont destinées à constituer le front du massif du remblai à renforcer, et les zones tubulaires de petits diamètres sont destinés au passage de joncs ou de tubes métalliques, par exemple afin d'effectuer des accrochages de parement, et tel qu'on l'a représenté sur la figure 5c. Les zones tubulaires destinées à recevoir de tels éléments (joncs, tubes métalliques, etc...) ne sont pas remplies par les granulats. En outre, de telles zones tubulaires additionnelles peuvent également permettre la réalisation d'un ancrage complémentaire sous la forme d'une nappe géosynthétique liaisonnée par ces moyens à la nappe d'ancrage de la structure.The tubular zones of large diameters are intended to constitute the front of the embankment mass to be reinforced, and the tubular zones of small diameters are intended for the passage of rods or metal tubes, for example in order to make skirting cladding, and such that he was represented on the figure 5c . The tubular zones intended to receive such elements (rods, metal tubes, etc.) are not filled by the aggregates. In addition, such additional tubular zones may also allow the realization of a complementary anchorage in the form of a geosynthetic layer bonded by these means to the anchoring ply of the structure.

Différents moyens de jonctions peuvent être mis en oeuvre, tels que des systèmes d'agrafes ou de crochets, comme illustrés en traits discontinus sur la figure 5c.Various junction means may be implemented, such as staple or hook systems, as illustrated in broken lines on the figure 5c .

Il est également envisageable de réaliser une structure géotextile présentant deux zones tubulaires extrêmes, l'une destinée, comme déjà dit, à constituer le front du massif du remblai à renforcer, l'autre à créer un ancrage en arrière du massif.It is also conceivable to produce a geotextile structure presenting two extreme tubular zones, one intended, as already stated, to constitute the front of the embankment massif to be reinforced, the other to create an anchorage behind the massif.

Ce mode de réalisation trouve application lorsque l'on dispose de peu de place pour construire ce type d'ouvrage, par exemple en zone de montagne ou sur des terrains à surface réduite ou très couteuse. On a représenté sur la figure 6 la mise en oeuvre d'une telle structure géosynthétique.This embodiment is applicable when there is little room to build this type of work, for example in mountain areas or on land with reduced or very expensive surface. We have shown on the figure 6 the implementation of such a geosynthetic structure.

Ce mode de réalisation peut également être mis en oeuvre pour la réalisation de fondation sur sol meuble ou médiocre, ainsi que pour la réalisation de voie de circulation ferroviaire sans ballast, tel que par exemple illustré au sein des figures 9a, 9b et 9c.This embodiment can also be implemented for the realization of foundation on soft or mediocre ground, as well as for the realization of railroad track without ballast, as for example illustrated within Figures 9a, 9b and 9c .

A titre exemplatif, on a représenté au sein des figures 8a - 8f, les différentes étapes de la réalisation d'un parement monolithique pour remblai, mettant en oeuvre la structure géosynthétique de la présente invention.By way of example, we have represented within Figures 8a - 8f , the different stages of the realization of a monolithic embankment facing, implementing the geosynthetic structure of the present invention.

Ainsi, après avoir mis en place une structure géosynthétique de l'invention (figure 8a), puis recouvert la nappe d'ancrage ainsi développée d'une première couche de sol (figure 8b), et procédé à l'arasage et au compactage suivant les règles en usage du niveau zéro dudit remblai (figure 8c), on positionne au-dessus de cette première couche, une deuxième structure géosynthétique de l'invention (figure 8d).Thus, after setting up a geosynthetic structure of the invention ( figure 8a ), then covered the anchoring layer thus developed with a first layer of soil ( figure 8b ), and carried out the shaving and compaction according to the rules in use of the zero level of the embankment ( figure 8c ), a second geosynthetic structure of the invention is positioned above this first layer ( figure 8d ).

On procède ainsi à l'empilement d'une nouvelle structure de l'invention sur la structure précédente, de manière analogue, et l'on recouvre la nouvelle nappe d'ancrage ainsi développée, selon la même direction que la nappe d'ancrage de la structure inférieure d'une nouvelle couche de sol (figures 8e et 8f).Thus, a new structure of the invention is stacked on the preceding structure in a similar manner, and the new anchoring sheet thus developed is covered in the same direction as the anchoring sheet of the lower structure of a new layer of soil ( Figures 8e and 8f ).

On répète l'opération précédente autant que nécessaire, jusqu'à atteindre la hauteur souhaitée du remblai.The above operation is repeated as necessary until the desired height of the embankment is reached.

Le front du remblai étant ainsi stabilisé, on procède au dépôt de parement, par exemple en béton, achevant ainsi la réalisation de l'ouvrageThe front of the embankment thus being stabilized, we proceed to the deposition of facing, for example concrete, thus completing the realization of the work

On conçoit tout l'intérêt de la présente invention en raison tout d'abord, de sa simplicité de mise en oeuvre : une fois la structure mise en place, il suffit de procéder à l'injection notamment par soufflage des granulats à l'intérieur des zones tubulaires, qui peut s'effectuer très rapidement, pour confier de la cohésion et de la rigidité à l'ensemble. Ladite structure, préalablement au remplissage de la zone tubulaire, est facilement transportable sur site : elle peut notamment se présenter en rouleau, et donc d'un faible encombrement.We understand the whole point of the present invention because first of all, its simplicity of implementation: once the structure in place, it is sufficient to proceed to the injection including blowing aggregates inside. tubular areas, which can be done very quickly, to give cohesion and rigidity to the whole. Said structure, prior to filling the tubular zone, is easily transportable on site: it can be in particular roll, and therefore a small footprint.

Corollairement, la structure de l'invention confère à l'ouvrage à réaliser une très grande stabilité, tant en termes de résistance mécanique que dans le temps.As a corollary, the structure of the invention confers on the structure to achieve a very high stability, both in terms of mechanical strength and over time.

Claims (10)

  1. °/ Geotextile structure, notably for the reinforcement and/or stabilization of soils and backfills, incorporating at least one tubing part (102), able to be filled with a granular material, confined within the latter, characterized in that the said tubing part is associated with an sheet (103) for anchoring the overall structure into the soil to be stabilized, or into the backfill to be reinforced.
  2. °/ Geotextile structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the tubing part (102) and the anchor sheet are composed from a knitted unitary structure produced using so-called "warp" technology.
  3. °/ Geotextile structure according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it has no seams.
  4. °/ Geotextile structure according to claim 3, characterized in that it is manufactured on a Rachel double-needle loom.
  5. °/ Geotextile structure according to claim 4, characterized in that it is produced on a Rachel double-needle loom with weft insertion, on at least one face, so as to procure a modulus of distortion that is different at the anchor sheet (103).
  6. °/ Geotextile structure in accordance with one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the tubing area (102) is defined by means of seams.
  7. °/ Geotextile structure in accordance with one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is made of a material selected from the group including polypropylene, PVA (polyvinyl acetate), aramid, polyester, polyamide and polyethylene, alone or mixed.
  8. °/ Geotextile structure according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the granular material for filling the tubing part (102) is composed of aggregate, notably consisting of low-density expanded clay.
  9. °/ Geotextile structure according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it incorporates two tubing parts (102) separated from each other by the anchor sheet (103).
  10. °/ Geotextile structure in accordance with one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it incorporates multiple tubing parts (102), of which at least one part accommodates a rod, a bar, a cable, a metal tube or a strap constituting a means of attachment to a facing or equivalent, or an additional anchoring in the form of a geosynthetic sheet connected by this means to the anchor sheet (103) of the structure.
EP13785559.9A 2012-10-23 2013-10-14 Structure with geotextile Not-in-force EP2912230B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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PL13785559T PL2912230T3 (en) 2012-10-23 2013-10-14 Structure with geotextile

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1260057A FR2997106B1 (en) 2012-10-23 2012-10-23 GEOTEXTILE STRUCTURE, IN PARTICULAR FOR THE REINFORCEMENT AND STABILIZATION OF SOIL AND FARMS
PCT/FR2013/052451 WO2014064364A1 (en) 2012-10-23 2013-10-14 Geotextile structure

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EP2912230B1 true EP2912230B1 (en) 2016-12-28

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PL2912230T3 (en) 2017-05-31
EP2912230A1 (en) 2015-09-02
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FR2997106A1 (en) 2014-04-25
FR2997106B1 (en) 2014-11-21

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