EP2908185B1 - Wartungs- und Regulierungsgerät eines Uhrenresonators - Google Patents

Wartungs- und Regulierungsgerät eines Uhrenresonators Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2908185B1
EP2908185B1 EP14155427.9A EP14155427A EP2908185B1 EP 2908185 B1 EP2908185 B1 EP 2908185B1 EP 14155427 A EP14155427 A EP 14155427A EP 2908185 B1 EP2908185 B1 EP 2908185B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
resonator mechanism
resonator
oscillating member
balance
spring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14155427.9A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2908185A1 (de
Inventor
Thierry Hessler
Davide Sarchi
Marc Stranczl
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Swatch Group Research and Development SA
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Swatch Group Research and Development SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Swatch Group Research and Development SA filed Critical Swatch Group Research and Development SA
Priority to EP14155427.9A priority Critical patent/EP2908185B1/de
Priority to CN201510072113.7A priority patent/CN104849993B/zh
Priority to US14/620,660 priority patent/US9256206B2/en
Priority to RU2015105152A priority patent/RU2015105152A/ru
Priority to JP2015027477A priority patent/JP5976862B2/ja
Publication of EP2908185A1 publication Critical patent/EP2908185A1/de
Priority to HK16101509.4A priority patent/HK1213645A1/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2908185B1 publication Critical patent/EP2908185B1/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/26—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of variations of the impulses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/28—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of imbalance of the weights, e.g. tourbillon
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B18/00—Mechanisms for setting frequency
    • G04B18/02—Regulator or adjustment devices; Indexing devices, e.g. raquettes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/04—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a forced oscillation clock resonator mechanism arranged to oscillate at a natural frequency and comprising on the one hand at least one oscillating member, and secondly oscillation maintenance means arranged to exert an impact. and / or a force and / or a torque on said oscillating member, wherein said oscillating member carries at least one oscillating regulating device whose natural frequency is a control frequency which is between 0.9 times and 1.1 times the value of a multiple integer of the eigenfrequency of said resonator mechanism, said integer being greater than or equal to 2.
  • the invention also relates to a clockwork movement comprising at least one resonator mechanism arranged to oscillate around its natural frequency.
  • the invention also relates to a timepiece, including a watch, comprising at least one such movement.
  • the invention relates to the field of time bases in mechanical watchmaking.
  • the document EP 1 843 227 A1 in the name of THE SWATCH GROUP RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT Ltd describes a coupled resonator comprising a first low frequency resonator for example of the order of a few hertz and a second resonator at higher frequency, for example of the order of one kilohertz.
  • the invention is characterized in that the first resonator and the second resonator comprise means of permanent mechanical coupling, said coupling for stabilizing the frequency in case of external disturbances, for example in case of shocks.
  • the document CH 615 314 A3 in the name of PATEK PHILIPPE SA describes a mobile watch clock regulation unit, comprising an oscillating balance mechanically maintained by a spiral spring, and a vibrating member magnetically coupled with a fixed member for the synchronization of the balance.
  • the balance and the vibrating member are constituted by a single mobile element vibrating and oscillating simultaneously.
  • the vibration frequency of the vibrating member is an integer multiple of the oscillation frequency of the balance.
  • the document EP 2 487 547 A1 in the name of WATCHES BREGUET SA relates to a regulator of ringing, regulating the speed of pivoting, about a first axis, of a mobile carrier of a swivelweight around a second pivot axis parallel to the first, and which comprises means for returning the weight to the first axis, and, when the mobile rotates at a speed greater than a set speed, the weight engages, at least partially, in a volume of revolution about the first pivot axis where this flyweight cooperates with regulation means arranged to cause the braking of the mobile and reduce its pivoting speed to the set speed, and to dissipate the excess energy.
  • a non-contact regulator uses the resistance of the viscosity of a fluid, with a rotor supplied with energy by a power transfer means , and a wing having surfaces perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor, disposed in outer circumference of the rotor, and which is movable radially under the effect of the centrifugal force produced by the rotation of the rotor.
  • the wing is recalled by an elastic return means.
  • a surface opposite to the circumference of the rotor is at the origin of a resistance depending on the amount of movement applied to the wing.
  • the invention proposes to manufacture a time base as accurate as possible.
  • the invention relates to a clockwork resonator mechanism with forced oscillation arranged to oscillate at a natural frequency and comprising on the one hand at least one oscillating member, and secondly oscillation maintenance means arranged for exerting impact and / or force and / or torque on said oscillating member, wherein said oscillating member carries at least one oscillating regulating device whose natural frequency is a control frequency which is between 0.9 times and 1.1 times the value an integer multiple of the eigenfrequency of said resonator mechanism, said integer being greater than or equal to 2, characterized in that said regulating device comprises, mounted pivotally on said oscillating member, at least one secondary balance-spring with unbalance eccentric with respect to the secondary pivot axis about which pivots said secondary balance-spring.
  • said regulating device comprises at least one spring-feeder assembly comprising a feeder attached by a spring at a point of said oscillating member.
  • said regulating device comprises at least one blade or blade movable under the effect of aerodynamic variations and attached by a pivot or by an elastic blade or by an arm to said oscillating member.
  • the invention also relates to a watch movement comprising at least one such resonator mechanism, said oscillating member carries at least one said regulating device.
  • said movement comprises at least one said regulating device distinct from one said at least one resonator mechanism, and which acts either by contact with or at a distance from at least one component of said resonator mechanism resonator by modulating an aerodynamic flow or a magnetic field or an electrostatic field or an electromagnetic field.
  • the invention also relates to a timepiece, including a watch, comprising at least one such movement.
  • the object of the invention is to manufacture a time base for rendering a timepiece, in particular a mechanical timepiece, in particular a mechanical watch, as accurately as possible.
  • a parametric resonator system makes it possible in particular to reduce the influence of this escapement mechanism, and thus make the watch more accurate.
  • a parametric oscillator uses, for the maintenance of oscillations, a parametric actuation which consists in varying at least one of the parameters of the oscillator with a regulation frequency ⁇ R.
  • regulator 2 the oscillator which serves for the maintenance and regulation of the other system maintained, which remains referred to as “the resonator” 1.
  • T is the kinetic energy and V the potential energy and the inertia I ( t ), the stiffness k ( t ) and the rest position x 0 ( t ) of said resonator are a periodic function of time.
  • x is the generalized coordinate of the resonator.
  • the function f ( t ) takes the value 0 in the case of a non-forced oscillator.
  • This function f ( t ) can, again, be a periodic function, or be representative of a Dirac type pulse.
  • the invention consists in varying, by the action of a maintenance oscillator called regulator, one and / or the other, or all, the terms ⁇ (t), k (t), l (t) ), x 0 (t), with a regulation frequency wR which is between 0.9 times and 1.1 times the value of an integer multiple, in particular double, of the natural frequency ⁇ 0 of the oscillator system to be regulated.
  • a maintenance oscillator called regulator
  • the invention consists in varying, by the action of a maintenance oscillator or regulator 2, one and / or the other, or all, the terms ⁇ (t), k (t), l ( t), x 0 (t), with a regulation frequency ⁇ R which is between 0.9 times and 1.1 times the value of an integer multiple, this integer being greater than or equal to 2, in particular equal to 2, of the natural frequency ⁇ 0 of the oscillator system to be regulated, in this case the resonator 1.
  • the regulation frequency ⁇ R is between 1.8 times and 2.2 times the natural frequency ⁇ 0, and more particularly, the regulation frequency ⁇ R is the double of the natural frequency ⁇ 0.
  • one or more terms, or all the terms ⁇ (t), k (t), I (t), x 0 (t), vary with a regulation frequency wR thus defined, and which is preferably multiple integer , in particular double, of the natural frequency ⁇ 0 of the resonator system 1 to be regulated.
  • the maintenance oscillator or regulator in addition to the modulation of the parametric terms, also introduces a non-parametric maintenance term f ( t ), the amplitude of which is negligible once the parametric regime is reached [ WB Case, The pumping of a swing from the standing position, Am. J. Phys. 64, 215 (1996) )].
  • forcing term f (t) may be introduced by a second maintenance mechanism.
  • the maintenance oscillator or regulator 2 allows, again, to vary, if it is not zero, the term f ( t ).
  • the system oscillates at the frequency ⁇ without amortizing.
  • the term of zero order can still take the form ⁇ 2 (A, t), where A is the amplitude of oscillation.
  • the invention relates to a method and a system for maintaining and regulating a clock resonator mechanism 1 around its natural frequency ⁇ 0.
  • the invention is implemented at least one regulating device 2 acting on the resonator mechanism 1 with a periodic movement.
  • the invention relates to a method and a system for regulating a clock resonator mechanism 1 around its natural frequency ⁇ 0.
  • At least one regulating device 2 is printed which imparts periodic movement to at least one internal component of the resonator mechanism 1, or to an external component exerting an influence on such an internal component such as aerodynamic influence or braking. or alternatively modulating a magnetic or electrostatic or electromagnetic field or the like exerting a so-called recall force (to be taken here in a broad sense: of attraction or repulsion) on such an internal component of the resonator 1.
  • this periodic movement imposes a periodic modulation of the resonant frequency and / or the quality factor and / or the rest point of the resonator mechanism 1, with a regulation frequency ⁇ R which is between 0.9 times and 1.1 times the value of an integer multiple of the natural frequency ⁇ 0, this integer being greater than or equal to 2.
  • this periodic movement imposes a periodic modulation at least of the resonance frequency of the resonator mechanism 1, with such a regulation frequency ⁇ R which is between 0.9 times and 1.1 times the value of a multiple integer of the natural frequency ⁇ 0, this integer being greater than or equal to 2.
  • this periodic movement imposes a periodic modulation of at least the quality factor of the resonator mechanism 1, with a regulation frequency ⁇ R which is between 0.9 times and 1.1 times the value of an integer multiple of the natural frequency ⁇ 0, this integer being greater than or equal to 2.
  • this periodic movement imposes a periodic modulation at least of the resting point of the resonator mechanism 1, with a regulation frequency ⁇ R which is between 0.9 times and 1.1 times the value of an integer multiple of the natural frequency ⁇ 0, this integer being greater than or equal to 2.
  • this periodic movement imposes a periodic modulation at least of the resonant frequency and the quality factor of the resonator mechanism 1, with a regulation frequency ⁇ R which is included between 0.9 times and 1.1 times the value of an integer multiple of the natural frequency ⁇ 0, this integer being greater than or equal to 2.
  • this periodic movement imposes a periodic modulation at least of the quality factor and the rest point of the resonator mechanism 1, with a regulation frequency ⁇ R which is between 0.9 times and 1.1 times the value of an integer multiple of the natural frequency ⁇ 0, this integer being greater than or equal to 2.
  • this periodic movement imposes a periodic modulation at least of the resonance frequency and the rest point of the resonator mechanism 1, with a regulation frequency ⁇ R which is between 0.9 times and 1.1 times the value of an integer multiple of the natural frequency ⁇ 0, this integer being greater than or equal to 2.
  • this periodic movement imposes a periodic modulation of the resonance frequency and the quality factor and the rest point of the resonator mechanism 1, with a regulation frequency ⁇ R which is between 0.9 times and 1.1 times the value of an integer multiple of the natural frequency ⁇ 0, this integer being greater than or equal to 2.
  • all the modulations are made, either with the same frequency ⁇ R, or with frequencies ⁇ R multiples of each other.
  • this periodic movement imposes a periodic modulation of the resonance frequency of the resonator mechanism 1, acting on the rigidity and / or the inertia of the resonator mechanism 1. More particularly, this periodic movement imposes a periodic modulation of the resonance frequency of the resonator mechanism 1, by imposing both a modulation of the rigidity of the resonator mechanism 1 and an inertia modulation of the resonator mechanism 1.
  • Figures 16A and 16B also illustrate a modification of the center of gravity of the resonator, and also of its inertia.
  • the Figures 18A to 18D illustrate a modulation of the center of gravity, on the basis of a resonator such that of the figure 3 or from figure 7 .
  • a system comprises embedded secondary balance-balance balances 260.
  • These secondary spiral balances 260 are advantageously replaced by systems without axes, that is to say, flexible guidance, this all the more easily as the amplitude of their oscillation is not necessarily high.
  • only the inertia of the main balance spring is modified.
  • Such a modulation of the position of the center of gravity is preferably a dynamic modulation, acting on one or more of the components of the resonator 1.
  • the modulation of inertia is achievable by modification of shape, by mass change, or by change of the center gravity of the resonator relative to its center of rotation, for example with the use of a flexible balance. It is still possible to use embedded resonators, with an asymmetry with an adequate phase ratio, as visible on the figure 7 , where the imbalances are either in phase or alternating anti-phase.
  • this periodic movement imposes a periodic modulation of the resonance frequency of the resonator mechanism 1, by imposing a modulation of the rigidity of an elastic return means that comprises the resonator mechanism 1 or a modulation of a return exerted by a magnetic or electrostatic or electromagnetic field within the resonator mechanism 1. More particularly, in this second variant, the periodic movement imposes a periodic modulation of the resonance frequency of the resonator mechanism 1, by imposing a modulation of the length spring loaded by the oscillator mechanism 1 (as visible in FIGS.
  • the modulation of the modulus of elasticity d a component of the resonator 1 can be obtained by the implementation of a piezoelectric system, an electric field (electrodes), by a localized periodic heating, by the action of a magnetic field subjecting particular alloys to a dilatation, by opto-mechanical resonance systems, by torsion or twisting, in particular for shape memory materials.
  • the periodic movement imposes a periodic modulation of the resonance frequency of the resonator mechanism 1 by imposing both a modulation of the rigidity of the resonator mechanism 1, and a modulation of the resting point of the resonator mechanism 1.
  • the modulation is carried out on at least one of these elements.
  • the periodic movement imposes a periodic modulation of the quality factor of the resonator mechanism 1, and the periodic movement, at the same regulation frequency ⁇ R, is printed at once to a component of the resonator mechanism 1 and a mechanism generating losses on at least one component of the resonator mechanism 1.
  • the regulator mechanism 2 imposes a periodic modification of the frequency of the resonator mechanism 1 having a greater relative amplitude than the inverse of the quality factor of the resonator mechanism 1.
  • such a regulator device 2 acts on at least one attachment of the resonator mechanism 1.
  • the periodic modulation of the different characteristics: resonance frequency, quality factor, rest point is done for each according to multiples different from the frequency ⁇ 0, (for example, a modulation rigidity with twice the base frequency and modulation of the quality factor at quadruple of the base frequency), this does not bring any particular advantage, because the maximum of the effect and stability of parametric amplification is obtained when the frequency is twice the base frequency.
  • the modulation of all the parameters is done according to the same frequency ⁇ R.
  • the invention is applied to a resonator mechanism 1 comprising at least one elastic return means 40, and at least one such regulator device 2 is actuated by controlling a periodic variation in the frequency of the resonator mechanism 1 and / or or the quality factor of this resonator mechanism 1.
  • the invention is applied to a resonator mechanism 1 comprising at least one balance-spring assembly 3 comprising a rocker arm 26 with at least one spiral 4 as an elastic return means 40. More particularly, such as visible on the figure 3 the inertia and the quality factor of the resonator mechanism 1 are modified by oscillating, by the regulating device 2, secondary balances 260 with residual high unbalance 261 mounted eccentrically on the balance 26, and oscillating as a function of the speed of the resonator 1.
  • the quality factor of the resonator mechanism 1 is modified by a modification of the friction in FIG. the air of the balance 26, generated by a local modification of the geometry of the balance 26 under the action of the regulating device 2, the device is here on the balance wheel 26.
  • the rocker 26 can carry fins wings articulated aircraft at its periphery, including flexible guides or the like, these fins being of preferably reversible and can then rock entirely according to the direction of movement. Preferably these fins are held by flexible blades.
  • the inertia is modified with a frequency which is 4 times the natural frequency of the balance-spring resonator.
  • An air-brake type air friction is thus obtained, with a flap on the periphery of the balance, having an influence on the quality factor and / or on the inertia.
  • This flap can be pivotally mounted free, or pivoted and recalled by a spiral type spring or flexible guide or the like.
  • One variant may consist of a variable geometry balance serge
  • the quality factor of the resonator mechanism 1 is modified by a modification of the friction in the air of the balance 26 generated by a local modification of this geometry.
  • pendulum 26 under the action of the regulator device 2. It will be noted that the regulator 2 can move independently of the speed of the regulator 1.
  • a particular variant consists in combining this variant with the preceding variant of oscillating eccentric balance-spring balances 260.
  • the invention is also applicable to resonator mechanisms 1 without mechanical return means.
  • the periodic movement of the regulating mechanism 2 imposes the modulation of the frequency and / or the quality factor and / or the rest point of the resonator mechanism 1 by means of an electric force or magnetic or electromagnetic remote.
  • FIG. 9 Another variant of application of the invention, visible in figure 9 relates to a resonator mechanism 1 comprising at least one rocker 26 comprising a ferrule 7 holding a torsion wire 46 which constitutes a means of return elastic member 40, wherein at least one regulating device 2 is actuated by controlling a periodic variation of the tension of the torsion wire 46.
  • the torsion wire is replaced by a flexible guide.
  • a resonator mechanism 1 comprising at least one tuning fork, wherein at least one regulating device 2 is actuated by controlling a periodic variation of the frequency of the resonator mechanism 1 and / or the rigidity of at least one arm of the tuning fork defining the quality factor of the resonator mechanism 1. More particularly the regulating device 2 can act on the tuning fork, or / and on a mobile bearing a support on at least one arm of the tuning fork. It should be noted that such a tuning fork is not necessarily in the conventional form of a fork, and may take, among other possible forms, a heart shape or a shape of H.
  • the invention is still applicable to a resonator with a single arm, or a resonator working in torsion, or in elongation.
  • the invention makes it possible to use the regulating device 2 for starting and / or maintaining the resonator mechanism 1.
  • this regulating device 2 is in cooperation with a start-up and / or maintenance mechanism of the resonator mechanism 1 to increase the oscillation amplitude of the resonator 1.
  • the invention advantageously allows co-maintenance: low consumption standard maintenance, combined with the parametric process to support the oscillation.
  • the regulator device 2 is used for the continuous maintenance of the resonator mechanism 1, alone or in cooperation with a start-up mechanism and / or impulse maintenance.
  • such maintenance can be obtained with a balance spring system, comprising a balance comprising on its serge springs bearing oscillating weights, according to the configuration of the figure 2 .
  • An anchor escapement, or the like then makes it possible to excite oscillations of the balance and the small flyweights.
  • the springs and the weights oscillate at a frequency, here double, of the natural frequency of the spiral balance.
  • the weights oscillate by inertial coupling.
  • the parametric effect takes place because the inertia of the pendulum then varies at a frequency twice that of the balance-spring.
  • the figure 15 illustrates a regulation obtained with such a resonator. It should be noted that in this case, the aerodynamic losses are also modified.
  • Another example is to use a detent escapement, also counting, in cooperation with a regulating mechanism 2 acting on the rigidity of the hairspring 4 (with pins that move).
  • the invention also relates to a clockwork movement 10 comprising at least one resonator mechanism 1.
  • this movement 10 comprises at least one such regulator device 2, arranged to act on the resonator mechanism 1, by imposing a periodic modulation of one or more physical characteristics of the resonator mechanism 1: resonant frequency and / or quality factor and / or quiescent point, with a control frequency ⁇ R which is between 0.9 times and 1.1 times the value of an integer multiple of the natural frequency ⁇ 0 of the resonator mechanism 1, this integer being greater than or equal to 2, said regulator device 2 comprising, pivotally mounted on said oscillating member, at least one secondary balance-spring 260 with an unbalance 261 eccentric with respect to the secondary pivoting axis about which pivots said secondary balance-spring 260.
  • this regulating device 2 is arranged to act on the m mechanism resonator 1 by directly printing it with a periodic motion such ⁇ R pacing rate.
  • this regulator device 2 acts on at least one attachment of the resonator mechanism 1, and / or on the frequency, in particular on the rigidity and / or the inertia, of the resonator mechanism 1, and / or on the quality factor of the resonator mechanism 1, and / or on the losses or friction of the resonator mechanism 1.
  • this regulator device 2 acts on the resonator mechanism 1 by printing the periodic movement to a component of the resonator mechanism 1 and / or to a mechanism generating losses on at least one component of the resonator mechanism 1.
  • the invention also relates to a timepiece 30 comprising at least one such watch movement 10.
  • One of the advantages of these systems is to be able to operate a high frequency hairspring, despite the inherent decrease in exhaust performance.
  • the constituents of the regulator 2 can be embedded on certain components of the resonator 1.
  • the invention does not require a secondary excitation circuit, it is the sizing of the regulator components that allows it to oscillate at a frequency ⁇ R defined in its particular relation with respect to the natural frequency ⁇ 0 of the resonator 1.
  • the figure 1 represents a regulated parametric resonator mechanism 1, comprising a balance spring 3 with a rocker 26 and a not shown spiral constituting a resonator.
  • the inertia and / or the quality factor is modulated by flyweights 71 arranged radially or tangentially by means of springs 72, the latter fixed at points of connection 73 to the structure of the rocker 26, in particular its serge .
  • flyweights-spring assemblies are excited at a frequency twice the frequency ⁇ 0 of the resonator 1 with spring balance 3.
  • the resonator 1 carries here the elements of the regulator 2 constituted by the flyweight-spring assemblies, which vibrate radially and / or tangentially during of the pivoting movement of the balance wheel 26.
  • the springs 72 are preferably of large volume in comparison with the balance, their radial grip is for example of the order of the beam radius of the beam itself, or more with for example a radial grip of the spring 72 and the weight 71 equivalent to four times the radius of a ferrule 7.
  • all the vibratory sets that the regulator comprises oscillate at the same frequency ⁇ R are identical.
  • the figure 2 also represents a resonator 1 with a spring balance 3, whose balance 26 carries the elements of the regulator 2: four radial springs 72 connected to the serge at points 73 and bearing weights 71, and subjected to a control excitation at a double frequency of the frequency ⁇ 0 of the resonator 1.
  • the figure 15 illustrates a regulation obtained with such a resonator.
  • the figure 4 represents with a resonator 1 similar to those of the preceding figures, with a rocker 26 suspended from one or more structures 50 by two diametrically opposed substantially radial springs 51, the trajectory of the center of gravity of the rocker 26 corresponding to the common direction of these two springs 51.
  • the axis of the balance is held by springs.
  • the rocker 26 is not pivoted with a conventional shaft, but only with flexible guides; the virtual axis of the balance is then defined by the direction of the springs.
  • the figure is deliberately simplified with only two springs, it is naturally conceivable to suspend the balance 26 between three springs 51 or more. One-piece execution of all this together is possible, within the limit of the desired pivot amplitude for the balance 26. It is understood that a multi-level execution is possible, to distribute the functional components on different planes.
  • FIGS. 5A, 5B, 5C represent, again a similar resonator 1 incorporating a beam 26 bearing on its serge fins 60, aerodynamic profile articulated at flexible pivots 81 on the beam of the balance 26, and which pivot during the pivoting movement of the balance 26, such as explained above.
  • This configuration can operate in a vacuum, with a frequency of regulation of the double fins of the natural frequency ⁇ 0, or in the air, with a quadruple frequency of ⁇ 0.
  • the figure 6 represents a resonator 1 with a rocker 26.
  • the regulator 2 is completely separated from the resonator 1: a shoe 82 in the vicinity of the sill of the rocker 26 is aerodynamic brake, is suspended by a spring 83 to a structure 50, and is movable to a frequency twice that of the resonator 1 with sprung balance incorporating this balance.
  • This mobility can come from an external source of excitation, it can, again, come from a profile, for example toothed, of the balance rod, which creates a variation of air flow in the vicinity of the shoe 82.
  • the figure 7 represents a pendulum similar to that of the figure 3 , with two secondary balance-spring balances 260 with a large unbalance 261, mounted free on the same diameter and in an unbalance alignment position, different (at the point of rest) from those of the figure 3 , and either in phase or alternating anti-phase.
  • this embodiment is made of silicon or other similar micro-machinable material (in particular silicon oxide, quartz, "LIGA” ®, amorphous metal, or the like): the secondary balance-springs and their imbalances 261 are integral with the balance 26 relative to which they pivot by flexible links, and the unbalance alignment is the rest state of this structure.
  • Such a balance also represents a very easy alternative to an existing balance, to improve chronometric performance.
  • the figure 8 represents a tuning fork resonator 55 attached to a structure 50 and having an arm 56 in contact with a friction pad 57 excited at a frequency twice the frequency of the tuning fork resonator.
  • the figure 9 illustrates a resonator mechanism comprising a rocker 26 comprising a ferrule 7 holding a torsion wire 46, including a device regulator 2 controls a periodic variation of the voltage with a frequency twice that of the resonator 1 with pendulum and torsion wire.
  • the figure 10 represents a parametric resonator mechanism 1 comprising a balance spring 3, whose outer coil 6 of the spiral 4 is fixed to a peak 5, to which a regulating device 2 imposes a periodic movement, this pin 5 being movable in translation, pivoting, and tilt in the space to twist the spiral 4 if necessary.
  • the figure 11 represents another resonator 1 with spring balance 3, with a hairspring 4 equipped with a racking mechanism with a racket 12 with pins 11, with a regulating system 2 with connecting rod-crank to actuate a continuous movement of the racket 12, for a continuous variation of the active length of the hairspring 4.
  • the figure 12 is similarly a spiral 4 on which a cam 14 driven in rotation by a regulator 2, for a continuous variation of the active length of the spiral 4 and / or the position of the point of attachment and / or the geometry of the spiral.
  • This figure is a simplified representation where a single cam presses on the hairspring on one side only; it is obviously possible to combine two cams arranged to clamp the spiral 4 on both sides.
  • the figure 13 is similarly a hairspring 4, with an additional turn 18 fixed to this hairspring and lining locally with the end curve 17 of the hairspring, and a regulating device 2 actuating an end 18A of this additional turn 18.
  • the figure 14 further illustrates a hairspring 4, with, in the vicinity of its end curve 17, another turn 23 which is held at a first end 24 by a support 59 operated by a regulating device 2, and which is free at a second end 25 arranged to come periodically in contact with the terminal curve 17 under the action of the regulating device 2 on this support.
  • FIGS 16A and 16B illustrate a modification of the center of gravity of the resonator 1, with a spring balance resonator 3 comprising a rocker 26 carrying substantially radial springs 72 fixed to the serge and bearing oscillating weights 71, similar to the figure 2 but some inward and others outward of the serge.
  • the associated centripetal or centrifugal effects allow the modulation of the position of the center of gravity of the resonator 1.
  • FIGS 17A and 17B illustrate, in a similar way to figure 5 , another variant of a balance system 26 to fins 80 with flexible pivot 81 for changing the aerodynamic losses and inertia.
  • FIGS. 18A to 18D illustrate a modulation of the center of gravity, on the basis of a resonator such as that of the figure 3 or from figure 7 , comprising secondary balance-balances 260 unbalanced 261 embedded.
  • the figure 19 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a parametric oscillator with a ferrule 7 carrying a balance spring 72 of silicon carrying a peripheral weight 71 weighed by a layer 75 of gold or other heavy metal obtained for example by galvanic deposition or other, the oscillating spring-motor assembly at a control frequency ⁇ R.
  • ⁇ 0 10 Hz
  • ⁇ R 20 Hz
  • figure 20 shows a rocker 26 where such spring-weight assemblies extend from the ferrule 7 to the largest diameter of the serge.
  • the figure 21 represents a tuning fork 55 embedded in a support 50, and a branch 56 of which carries a secondary balance spring-balance 260, with an eccentric unbalance 261, pivotally mounted on this branch 56.
  • the figure 22 represents a tuning fork 55, a branch 56 of which carries a spring assembly 72 / counterweight 71 mounted freely in vibration.
  • the invention also relates, in an advantageous embodiment, to a forced oscillation clocking resonator mechanism 1 arranged to oscillate at a natural frequency ⁇ 0, and comprising on the one hand at least one oscillating member, which preferably comprises a pendulum 26 or a tuning fork 55 or a vibrating blade, or the like "and secondly oscillating maintenance means arranged to exert an impact and / or a force and / or a torque on this oscillating member.
  • a forced oscillation clocking resonator mechanism 1 arranged to oscillate at a natural frequency ⁇ 0, and comprising on the one hand at least one oscillating member, which preferably comprises a pendulum 26 or a tuning fork 55 or a vibrating blade, or the like "and secondly oscillating maintenance means arranged to exert an impact and / or a force and / or a torque on this oscillating member.
  • this oscillating member carries at least one oscillating regulating device 2 whose natural frequency is a regulation frequency ⁇ R which is between 0.9 times and 1.1 times the value of an integer multiple of the natural frequency ⁇ 0 of said resonator mechanism 1, this integer being greater than or equal to 2, characterized in that said regulating device 2 comprises at least one secondary balance spring 260 pivoting about a secondary pivot axis, with an unbalance 261 eccentric with respect to this pivot axis secondary of this secondary balance-spring 260, which is mounted crazy pivotally on the oscillating member.
  • the particular values of ⁇ R with respect to the eigenfrequency ⁇ 0 preferably obey the particular rules stated above.
  • the oscillating member pivots about a main pivot axis, and this at least one secondary balance spring 260 is of secondary axis eccentric with respect to the main pivot axis.
  • the regulating device 2 comprises at least a first secondary balance spring 260 and a second secondary balance-spring 260 whose imbalances 261, in a state of rest in the absence of stress, are aligned with the axes of secondary pivoting secondary balances 260.
  • the oscillating member pivots about a main axis of pivoting, and at least one said balance-secondary spiral 260 is of secondary axis eccentric with respect to the axis pivoting head.
  • At least one such secondary balance-spring 260 pivots about a virtual secondary axis that define means of elastic retention that includes the oscillating member for the maintenance of the balance- secondary spiral 260, and is limited in amplitude of movement relative to the oscillating member 10.
  • At least one such balance-secondary spiral 260 is integral with the oscillating member.
  • At least one said secondary sprung balance 260 is integral with a rocker 26 that comprises the oscillating member, or which constitutes this oscillating member.
  • the regulating device 2 comprises at least one secondary balance spring with an eccentric unbalance and at least one spring-feeder assembly comprising a counterweight 71 attached by a spring 72 at a point 73 of the oscillating member.
  • the oscillating member pivots about a main pivot axis, and at least one such spring 72 extends radially relative to this main pivot axis.
  • the oscillating member carries a plurality of such spring-feeder assemblies, whose springs 72 extend radially with respect to the main pivot axis, and of which at least one first carries its weight 71 further from the main pivot axis that its spring 72, and at least one other carries its weight 71 closer to the main pivot axis that its spring 72.
  • the oscillating member pivots about a main pivot axis, and at least one such spring 72 extends in a direction tangential to point 73, relative to the main pivot axis.
  • At least one such spring-feeder assembly is, outside of its attachment point 73, free of movement relative to the oscillating member.
  • the spring-weight assembly is movable in a limited manner by guide means that comprises said oscillating member, or circulates in a track 74 that includes said oscillating member.
  • the regulating device 2 comprises at least one secondary balance-spring with an eccentric unbalance and at least one fin 80 or a blade 84 movable under the effect of aerodynamic variations and attached by a pivot 81 or by an elastic blade or by an arm 85 to the oscillating member.
  • At least one fin 80 or blade 84 is pivotable relative to the pivot 81 or to the elastic blade or the arm 85 which supports it.
  • the oscillating member is a pendulum 26 subjected to the action of maintenance means.
  • oscillating means which are return means comprising at least one spiral 4 and / or at least one torsion wire 46.
  • the oscillating member is a tuning fork 55, at least one branch 56 of which is subjected to the action of the oscillation maintenance means comprising at least one secondary balance-spring with an eccentric unbalance.
  • the invention also relates to a clockwork movement comprising at least one such resonator mechanism 1, whose oscillating member carries at least one said regulating device 2.
  • this movement 10 comprises at least one such regulator device 2 distinct from such at least one resonator mechanism 1, and which acts, either by contact with at least one component of this resonator mechanism 1, or distance from this resonator mechanism 1 by modulating an aerodynamic flow or a magnetic field or an electrostatic field or an electromagnetic field.
  • this resonator mechanism 1 comprises at least one deformable component of variable rigidity and / or inertia
  • this at least one regulating device 2 comprises means arranged to deform this deformable component to vary its rigidity and / or its inertia.
  • this at least one regulator device 2 comprises means arranged to deform the resonator mechanism 1 and modulate the position of the center of gravity of this resonator mechanism 1.
  • this at least one regulator device 2 comprises means generating losses on at least one component of this resonator mechanism 1.
  • the regulating device 2 comprises means for modulating an aerodynamic flow in the vicinity of the oscillating member, these modulating means comprising at least one pad 83 suspended on a structure 50 by elastic return means 83.
  • the invention also relates to a timepiece 30, in particular a watch, comprising at least one such watch movement 10.
  • the invention is perfectly applicable to another timepiece such as a clock. It is applicable to any type of oscillator comprising a mechanical oscillating member, and in particular to a pendulum.
  • the excitation at the frequency ⁇ R as defined above, and more particularly at twice the frequency ⁇ 0, can be performed with a square or pulse signal, it is not essential to have a sinusoidal excitation.
  • the maintenance regulator does not need to be very precise: its possible lack of precision only results in a loss of amplitude, but without variation of the frequency except of course if this frequency is very variable, which is to avoid.
  • these two oscillators, maintenance regulator and resonator maintained are not coupled, but one of the two maintains the other, ideally (but not necessarily) one-way.
  • the invention differs from the coupled oscillators known moreover by the fact that the frequency of the regulator is double or multiple of the natural frequency of the resonator (or at least very close to such a multiple), as well as by the transfer mode of 'energy.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)
  • Electric Clocks (AREA)

Claims (25)

  1. Uhren-Resonatormechanismus (1) mit erzwungener Oszillation, der dafür ausgelegt ist, mit einer Eigenfrequenz (ω0) zu oszillieren, und einerseits mindestens ein oszillierendes Organ (26, 55) und andererseits Mittel zum Aufrechterhalten der Oszillation umfasst, die dafür ausgelegt sind, einen Stoß und/oder eine Kraft und/oder ein Drehmoment auf das oszillierende Organ (26, 55) auszuüben, wobei das oszillierende Organ (26, 55) mindestens eine oszillierende Regulierungsvorrichtung (2) trägt, deren Eigenfrequenz eine Regulierungsfrequenz (ωR) ist, die im Bereich des 0,9-fachen bis 1,1-fachen Wertes eines ganzzahligen Vielfachen der Eigenfrequenz (ω0) des Resonatormechanismus (1) ist, wobei die ganze Zahl größer oder gleich 2 ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Regulierungsvorrichtung (2), die an dem oszillierenden Organ (26, 55) frei drehbeweglich montiert ist, mindestens eine sekundäre Unruh-Spiralfeder (260) mit einer Unwucht (261) umfasst, wobei die Unwucht in Bezug auf die sekundäre Drehachse, um die sich die sekundäre Unruh-Spiralfeder (260) dreht, exzentrisch ist.
  2. Resonatormechanismus (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das oszillierende Organ (26, 55) sich um eine Hauptdrehachse dreht und dass die mindestens eine sekundäre Unruh-Spiralfeder (260) sich um eine sekundäre Drehachse dreht, die in Bezug auf die Hauptdrehachse exzentrisch ist.
  3. Resonatormechanismus (1) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Regulierungsvorrichtung (2) mindestens eine erste sekundäre Unruh-Spiralfeder (260) und eine zweite sekundäre Unruh-Spiralfeder (260) umfasst, deren Unwuchten (261) in einem Ruhezustand bei Abwesenheit einer Spannung auf die sekundären Drehachsen, um die sich die sekundären Unruh-Spiralfederen (260) drehen, ausgerichtet sind.
  4. Resonatormechanismus (1) nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich das oszillierende Organ (26, 55) um eine Hauptdrehachse dreht und dass die mindestens eine sekundäre Unruh-Spiralfeder (260) sich um eine sekundäre Drehachse dreht, die in Bezug auf die Hauptdrehachse exzentrisch ist.
  5. Resonatormechanismus (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine sekundäre Unruh-Spiralfeder (260) sich um eine virtuelle sekundäre Achse dreht, die elastische Haltemittel definieren, die das oszillierende Organ (26, 55) aufweist, um die sekundäre Unruh-Spiralfeder (260) zu halten, und deren Bewegungsamplitude in Bezug auf das oszillierende Organ (26, 55) begrenzt ist.
  6. Resonatormechanismus (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine sekundäre Unruh-Spiralfeder (260) einteilig mit dem oszillierenden Organ (26, 55) ausgebildet ist.
  7. Resonatormechanismus (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine sekundäre Unruh-Spiralfeder (260) einteilig mit einer Unruh (26), die das oszillierende Organ (26, 55) aufweist, ausgebildet ist.
  8. Resonatormechanismus (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Regulierungsvorrichtung (2) mindestens eine Feder-Fliehgewicht-Anordnung umfasst, die ein durch eine Feder (72) an einem Befestigungspunkt (73) des oszillierenden Organs (26, 55) befestigtes Fliehgewicht (71) umfasst.
  9. Resonatormechanismus (1) nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das oszillierende Organ (26, 55) sich um eine Hauptdrehachse dreht und dass mindestens eine Feder (72) sich radial in Bezug auf die Hauptdrehachse erstreckt.
  10. Resonatormechanismus (1) nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das oszillierende Organ (26, 55) mehrere Feder-Fliehgewicht-Anordnungen trägt, deren Federn (72) sich radial in Bezug auf die Hauptdrehachse erstrecken und wovon mindestens eine ihr Fliehgewicht (71) weiter entfernt von der Hauptdrehachse als ihre Feder (72) trägt und wovon mindestens eine ihr Fliehgewicht (71) näher bei der Hauptdrehachse als ihre Feder (72) trägt.
  11. Resonatormechanismus (1) nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das oszillierende Organ (26, 55) sich um eine Hauptdrehachse dreht und dass mindestens eine Feder (72) sich in einer zu dem Befestigungspunkt (73) tangentialen Richtung in Bezug auf die Hauptdrehachse erstreckt.
  12. Resonatormechanismus (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine Feder-Fliehgewicht-Anordnung außerhalb ihres Befestigungspunkts (73) in Bezug auf das oszillierende Organ (26, 55) frei beweglich ist.
  13. Resonatormechanismus (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine Feder-Fliehgewicht-Anordnung auf eine durch Führungsmittel, die das oszillierende Organ (26, 55) aufweist, begrenzte Weise beweglich ist, oder auf einer Bahn (74) umläuft, die das oszillierende Organ (26, 55) aufweist.
  14. Resonatormechanismus (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Regulierungsvorrichtung (2) mindestens einen Flügel (80) oder ein Plättchen (84) aufweist, der/das unter der Wirkung aerodynamischer Veränderungen beweglich ist und durch einen Drehzapfen (81) oder durch ein elastisches Plättchen oder durch einen Arm (85) an dem oszillierenden Organ (26, 55) befestigt ist.
  15. Resonatormechanismus (1) nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der mindestens eine Flügel (80) oder das mindestens eine Plättchen (84) in Bezug auf den Drehzapfen (81) oder das elastische Plättchen oder den Arm (85), der/das ihn/es trägt, kippbar ist.
  16. Resonatormechanismus (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das oszillierende Organ (26, 55) eine Unruh (26) oder eine Stimmgabel (55) oder ein schwingendes Plättchen umfasst.
  17. Resonatormechanismus (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das oszillierende Organ (26, 55) eine Unruh (26) ist, die der Einwirkung von Oszillationsaufrechterhaltungsmitteln unterliegt, welche mindestens eine Spiralfeder (4) und/oder mindestens einen Torsionsdraht (46) umfassende Rückstellmittel sind.
  18. Resonatormechanismus (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das oszillierende Organ (26, 55) eine Stimmgabel (55) ist, wovon mindestens ein Zinken (56) der Einwirkung der Oszillationsaufrechterhaltungsmittel unterliegt.
  19. Uhrwerk (10), umfassend mindestens einen Resonatormechanismus (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 18, dessen oszillierendes Organ (26, 55) mindestens eine Regulierungsvorrichtung (2) trägt.
  20. Uhrwerk (10) nach Anspruch 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es mindestens eine Regulierungsvorrichtung (2) umfasst, die von mindestens einem solchen Resonatormechanismus (1) verschieden ist und die entweder durch Kontakt mit mindestens einer Komponente des Resonatormechanismus (1) oder entfernt von dem Resonatormechanismus (1) durch Modulation einer aerodynamischen Strömung oder eines magnetischen Feldes oder eines elektrostatischen Feldes oder eines elektromagnetischen Feldes wirkt.
  21. Uhrwerk (10) nach Anspruch 19 oder 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Resonatormechanismus (1) mindestens eine verformbare Komponente mit veränderlicher Starrheit und/oder Trägheit umfasst und dass die mindestens eine Regulierungsvorrichtung (2) Mittel umfasst, die dafür ausgelegt sind, die Komponente zu verformen, um ihre Starrheit und/oder ihre Trägheit zu verändern.
  22. Uhrwerk (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 19 bis 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mindestens eine Regulierungsvorrichtung (2) Mittel umfasst, die dafür ausgelegt sind, den Resonatormechanismus (1) zu verformen und die Position des Schwerpunkts des Resonatormechanismus (1) zu verändern.
  23. Uhrwerk (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 19 bis 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mindestens eine Regulierungsvorrichtung (2) Mittel zum Erzeugen von Verlusten in mindestens einer Komponente des Resonatormechanismus (1) umfasst.
  24. Uhrwerk (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 19 bis 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Regulierungsvorrichtung (2) Mittel zum Verändern einer aerodynamischen Strömung in der Umgebung des oszillierenden Organs umfasst, die mindestens einen Schuh (82) aufweisen, der durch elastische Rückstellmittel (83) an einer Struktur (50) aufgehängt ist.
  25. Zeitmessgerät (30), insbesondere eine Uhr, umfassend mindestens ein Uhrwerk (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 19 bis 24.
EP14155427.9A 2014-02-17 2014-02-17 Wartungs- und Regulierungsgerät eines Uhrenresonators Active EP2908185B1 (de)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14155427.9A EP2908185B1 (de) 2014-02-17 2014-02-17 Wartungs- und Regulierungsgerät eines Uhrenresonators
CN201510072113.7A CN104849993B (zh) 2014-02-17 2015-02-11 用于维护和调节钟表谐振器的装置
US14/620,660 US9256206B2 (en) 2014-02-17 2015-02-12 Device for maintaining and regulating a timepiece resonator
RU2015105152A RU2015105152A (ru) 2014-02-17 2015-02-16 Устройство для поддержания и регулировки колебаний резонатора часов
JP2015027477A JP5976862B2 (ja) 2014-02-17 2015-02-16 計時器共振器を維持し規制するためのデバイス
HK16101509.4A HK1213645A1 (zh) 2014-02-17 2016-02-11 用於維護和調節鐘錶諧振器的裝置

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US9256206B2 (en) 2016-02-09
US20150234353A1 (en) 2015-08-20
CN104849993A (zh) 2015-08-19
JP2015152605A (ja) 2015-08-24
JP5976862B2 (ja) 2016-08-24
RU2015105152A3 (de) 2018-09-20
EP2908185A1 (de) 2015-08-19
CN104849993B (zh) 2017-07-14
HK1213645A1 (zh) 2016-07-08

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