EP2908044A2 - Procédé et installations pour une station de gaz destinés à la distribution de volume optimisé de carburant gazeux à des utilisateurs mobiles - Google Patents

Procédé et installations pour une station de gaz destinés à la distribution de volume optimisé de carburant gazeux à des utilisateurs mobiles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2908044A2
EP2908044A2 EP15000124.6A EP15000124A EP2908044A2 EP 2908044 A2 EP2908044 A2 EP 2908044A2 EP 15000124 A EP15000124 A EP 15000124A EP 2908044 A2 EP2908044 A2 EP 2908044A2
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Prior art keywords
gas
pressure
tank
filling
shut
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EP15000124.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2908044A3 (fr
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Michael Feldmann
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/08—Mounting arrangements for vessels
    • F17C13/083—Mounting arrangements for vessels for medium-sized mobile storage vessels, e.g. tank vehicles or railway tank vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0335—Check-valves or non-return valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/036—Very high pressure, i.e. above 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157—Compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157—Compressors
    • F17C2227/0164—Compressors with specified compressor type, e.g. piston or impulsive type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0171—Arrangement
    • F17C2227/0185—Arrangement comprising several pumps or compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/04—Methods for emptying or filling
    • F17C2227/043—Methods for emptying or filling by pressure cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/065—Fluid distribution for refueling vehicle fuel tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
    • F17C2270/0139—Fuel stations

Definitions

  • LPG vehicles converted to LPG have been part of the state of the art since the 1990s. Since the mid-1990s, vehicles that are operated with natural gas (CNG) are increasingly being used in Germany. The use of this fuel is associated with significantly less pollutant emissions than the use of gasoline or even diesel. For example, CNG vehicles emit between 20% and 25% less CO 2 than comparable gasoline and diesel vehicles.
  • CNG natural gas
  • German stock of street legal CNG vehicles is approx. 95,000 automobiles.
  • the street legal stock of 95,000 CNG vehicles consists of approx. 77,000 cars, approx. 16,000 light commercial vehicles, approx. 1,600 buses and approx. 400 special vehicles such as Refuse collection trucks.
  • CNG bus consumes about 50 times as much gaseous fuel as an average CNG car
  • light CNG commercial vehicles consume about 8 times as much
  • a CNG special vehicle about 30 times as much as a CNG car.
  • Passenger Cars this results in a demand of 290,000 passenger car equivalents for the entire German gas fuel market.
  • CNG cars account for approx. 780,000,000 kWh Hi , on light CNG commercial vehicles approx. 1.200.000.000 kWh Hi , on CNG buses approx. 800,000,000 kWh Hi and CNG special vehicles approx. 120,000,000 kWh Hi .
  • Refueling motor vehicles with gas engines usually gaseous natural gas, gaseous bio-methane, a gaseous mixture of these two fuels or in the future also gaseous hydrogen, gaseous ethane, gaseous propane and synthetic gaseous methane (SynMethan) produced from regenerative hydrogen and atmospheric CO 2 as fuel use, therefore, carried out with special refueling technology under high pressures of up to 800 bar.
  • gas fuels are usually produced or processed in a few suitable facilities in central locations, the gas stations are built and operated decentralized at the places of demand as liquid petrol filling stations in more or less large numbers.
  • the filling (mobile) compressed gas tank is technically much more complex the simple pumping of liquids.
  • the example show the previously known EP0653585A1 (Sulzer-Burckhardt AG), EP0995943A2 (m-tec Gastechnologie GmbH), DE19730459A1 (Mannesmann AG), DD282351A7 (VEB Chemieanlagenbaukombinat für-Grimma) and EP1559949 A1 (Gaveco AB). While EP0653585A1 .
  • EP0995943A2 and DE19730459A1 refer to the solution of the temperature problems arising during the filling process want EP15599 49A1 and DD282351A7 solve the problem of refueling time, EP1559 949A1 especially for vehicles with large gas tanks (CNG buses and CNG trucks).
  • this gas treatment plant consists of a gas dryer and a gas filter.
  • the function of the gas dryer is to extract enough moisture from the gas so that the dew point at 200 bar is at least -20 ° C. If this dew point is not reached, hydrates may form in the gas or multi-fuel vehicle, causing malfunctions in winter.
  • the gas is fed into the compressor (compressor, booster), which compresses it to the desired final pressure. Since the operating pressure of the natural gas networks is usually 0.2 bar to 70 bar lower than the target filling pressure of the gas tank to be filled a CNG motor vehicle - this is usually about. 200 bar - the natural gas extracted from the natural gas network must be compressed by means of compressors (compressors, boosters) to at least this nominal filling pressure.
  • the gaseous gas to be filled is passed through a gas supply line (eg a high, medium or low pressure natural gas line) into a compressor which compresses the gaseous gas.
  • a gas supply line eg a high, medium or low pressure natural gas line
  • a compressor one-, two-, three-, four- or even five-stage units can be used. The higher the number of compressor stages connected in series, the lower the required forces, the lower the thermal load of the compressor and the lower its wear, the higher the technical complexity. The higher the pressure in the gas network, the fewer compressor stages are
  • the compressors work against the filling pressure built up in the downstream line or against the downstream gas accumulator (Line or storage pressure).
  • the filling pressure increases the work to be performed per Nm 3 of gas from the compressor.
  • the compression power therefore decreases with increasing backpressure or with increasing difference between inlet pressure and storage pressure.
  • the compression rate is ceteris paribus consequently higher than at the end of the filling.
  • the average mass flow capacity of the compressor is higher when the gas storage to be filled is completely emptied, i. from e.g. 250 bar to a residual pressure of e.g. 5 bar, as if the emptying to a much higher residual pressure of, for example, 200 bar.
  • the compressor has to work on average against a pressure of 127.5 bar, in the latter case against an average pressure of 225 bar.
  • the illustrated power bandwidth of the compressor / s is summarized below to an average compaction performance or to an effective compaction performance.
  • the compressor technology is subject to economies of scale and the specific, related to a Nm 3 gas energy consumption decreases with increasing compressor size
  • the advantage is usually enormous: the kWh el measured power input at a given compression capacity is in large compressors by up to 40% lower than in small and very small compressors.
  • the proportionate expense for maintenance and repairs decreases. For these reasons, hardly any compressors are installed in Germany under a capacity of 100 Nm 3 / h.
  • the compressed gas From the compressor, the compressed gas enters a high-pressure distributor. This controls and regulates the filling of the downstream gas storage as well as the removal of the gas from these gas storages for the purpose of filling the gas or multi-fuel vehicle tanks. Usually, various safety systems are also integrated in the high-pressure distributor.
  • the compressed by the compressor and passed through the high-pressure distributor into the stationary gas storage or gas is stored there until the refueling of a gas or multi-fuel vehicle.
  • the gas storage of several gas containers (so-called bottles), which are interconnected in batteries to so-called memory banks .
  • the gas storage is used to store the compressor work performed by the compressor, ie both the pressurization and the gas storage.
  • the refueling of the gas or multi-fuel vehicle can be done in a very short period of time.
  • the gas fuel is usually delivered via a gas pump to the gas or multi-fuel vehicle.
  • the dispenser may also have indications indicating the quantities of gas dispensed by the gas station and the price charged for these quantities.
  • the entire system technology of the gas filling station has so far mostly been installed and operated in a compact housing made of concrete or sheet metal. Above all, it serves to protect against the weather, the emission of compressor noise and vandalism.
  • the refueling technology described is usually controlled, regulated and monitored by a central gas station control.
  • the compressed gas is stored in the at least one gas storage. If necessary, it can be delivered to a mobile gas tank (eg a gas or multi-fuel vehicle with its compressed gas tank) (cf. FIG. 1 of the DE19650999C1 (Mannesmann AG)).
  • a mobile gas tank eg a gas or multi-fuel vehicle with its compressed gas tank
  • the compressed to up to 200 bar gaseous (natural) gas from the pressurized gas tank of the vehicle is usually performed via a pressure reducing valve and a mixture control module to the cylinders of the internal combustion engine. There It is converted by combustion into mechanical drive energy and into heat as in gasoline or diesel technology.
  • the sequence in the multi-stage gas storage is then as follows: First, the first gas storage is connected to the mobile gas tank. It flows as long as gas into the mobile gas tank until the pressure in both containers is the same. Depending on how large the geometric volumes of the first gas storage tank and the mobile gas tank (vehicle tanks) are, how much residual gas with which residual pressure is still contained in the mobile gas tank and how high the storage pressure in the first gas storage is, a certain compensation pressure arises.
  • This balancing pressure typically amounts to 120 bar at an outlet pressure of 250 bar.
  • the line between the first gas storage and the mobile gas tank is closed and the line to the second gas storage opened with its pressure of 250 bar.
  • gas fuel flows over, until on new, higher Level has set a pressure equalization. This is typically 185 bar.
  • the line from the second gas storage is closed, then the line is opened by the third gas storage, which is initially also under a pressure of 250 bar.
  • the third pressure equalization takes place at approx. 200 bar, the target nominal filling pressure of the mobile gas tank (vehicle tanks).
  • gas station 1 Although the type of gas station 1 described below has established itself as the standard in Germany with a market share of over 95%, the gas filling stations can in principle have very different designs, sizes and modes of operation and thus also properties. To solve the above-described and as yet unsolved chicken-and-egg problem, the different characteristics of the various gas station types are of central importance. Especially in the context of a relatively small and slowly growing gas vehicle fleet, the differences in properties are of high relevance, at least in Germany. The various gas station types are therefore described in detail below.
  • Gas stations generally comply with one of the 7 types of service stations listed below.
  • the conventional public gas filling station supplied with natural gas or hydrogen or BioMethane or SynMethan or with a corresponding mixed gas via a gas pipeline network represents the type 1 gas station .
  • This type 1 is structurally connected to the ground and therefore fully stationary. It can not simply be dismantled and rebuilt elsewhere. Over 95% of the gas stations operated in Germany correspond to this type 1, which is constructed as described above.
  • the compressor compresses the gas to be filled to a pressure substantially above the filling pressure of the gas tank to be filled, because the gas flows only from the gas storage in the mobile gas tank, if there is a corresponding pressure gradient. Since the pressure in the gas storage decreases steadily during the filling process, the gas storage pressure, especially at the beginning of the filling, must be considerably higher than the filling pressure of the mobile gas tank. For reasons of technical and economic complexity, the compressor is usually designed in such a way that it requires considerably more time to fill the gas reservoir than the filling of the mobile gas tank takes. That is, in gas stations, i.d.R. only the gas storage the gas to be filled ready.
  • pressurized gas reservoirs are usually connected downstream of the compressors, which if necessary are operated in multiple stages, so that gas-powered vehicles such as petrol and diesel vehicles using liquid fuels can be refueled within minutes.
  • the size of the gas filling stations is determined less by the number of dispensers than by the performance of the compressor and by the capacity of existing from a different number of individual cylinders memory banks.
  • the compressor capacities measured in Nm 3 gas / h determine which daily number of refueling operations can be performed or which number of customers can be supplied. As demand fluctuates and there are times of day when no or few vehicles drive to the gas filling station when the storage banks are full, the compressor does not run all day.
  • the experts usually assume that the compressors on average Run only 12 hours per day and that this 50% partial performance determines which number of customers can provide the appropriate gas station permanently with gas fuel. The remaining 12 hours are usually required to cover any peak demand.
  • a German CNG car consumes an average of approx. 10,000 kWh CNG or approx. 1,000 Nm 3 of (gas) fuel, which, when using CNG-H, results in a gas mass of approx. 800 kg and when using CNG-L a gas mass of approx. 780 kg.
  • CNG-H results in a gas mass of approx. 800 kg
  • CNG-L a gas mass of approx. 780 kg.
  • a gas filling station with an (average) compression capacity of 103 m 3 / h can compress a quantity of gaseous fuel of 1,236 m 3 or 12,360 kWh Hi per day and a gas fuel quantity of 4,450,000 kWh Hi per year. This amount is enough to supply 445 car equivalents permanently with gas fuel.
  • the gas storage capacity downstream of the gas compressor determines how many gas or multi-fuel vehicles can be refueled in rapid succession, one after another, or at one peak load hour.
  • the (geometric) storage volume at the German gas filling stations is approx. 2,240 liters or 2.24 m 3 .
  • the real gas factor (compressibility factor Z) for methane naturally consists of 80% to 99% methane
  • 2.24 m 3 x 250 bar x 1 / 0.90 approx. 622 m 3 gas and thus approx. 6.220 kWh Hi are stored.
  • the filling pressure of the CNG motor vehicle's full tanks is usually 200 bar, ie only one part, namely a pressure difference of 50 bar, is used by the filling pressure of the storage banks, which is at 250 bar.
  • this pressure difference results in a given gas volume of 2,240 liters for a gas volume difference of approx. 112 m 3 gas (1,117 kWh Hi ) and taking into account this factor to a gas volume difference of approx. 124 m 3 gas (1,240 kWh Hi ). That is, with one with 250 bar filled memory bank with a geometric storage capacity of 2,240 liters, 6.8 car equivalents can be refueled directly in series, each with 182 kWh Hi .
  • the average compressor with its capacity of 103 m 3 gas / h can reach approx. 103 m 3 to a pressure of 250 bar.
  • the smallest of the gas refueling stations built by Schwelm are 3 filling stations with a compaction capacity of 15 Nm 3 / h, 2 filling stations with a compaction capacity of 20 Nm 3 / h and 1 filling station each with a compaction capacity of 25 Nm 3 / h, 26.5 Nm 3 / h, 27 Nm 3 / h, 30 Nm 3 / h and 33 Nm 3 / h. Almost all of these 10 smallest gas stations were built in 2001 and earlier.
  • the smallest Schwelm gas filling station compresses in daily 12-hour operation with an availability of 360 days per year (this corresponds to an availability of 98.6%) annually approx. 64,800 Nm 3 gas to the filling pressure of at least 200 bar.
  • a (lower) methane calorific value of 9.971 kWh Hi / Nm 3 this corresponds to an amount of energy of approx. 646,000 kWh Hi / a.
  • an average annual consumption of approx. 10,000 kWh Hi / Pkw can the smallest Schwelm gas filling station in normal operation so approx. Supply 65 car equivalents.
  • Such small gas stations are not built since 2002.
  • the gas filling stations built in 2010 ff. With their compressor capacity of 134 Nm 3 / h, can boast approx. Supply 577 car equivalents with CNG.
  • the demand is for the 800 gas stations, which do not supply CNG buses, but on average only approx. 223 car equivalents (see above), ie the compressors of the average German car gas filling station are at industry standard 12-hour operation only to approx. 39% utilized.
  • the petrol station manufacturer Bauer-Kompressoren built more than 100 miniature gas stations of the type Mini Fuel Station (MFS) in the years 1997 to 2000.
  • the three compressor types used have a delivery capacity of 16.9 to 12.6 Nm 3 / h and 43.7 to 34.7 Nm 3 / h and from 51.5 to 30.0 Nm 3 / h. With a filling pressure of 250 bar and a memory bank idle pressure of 200 bar, they promote an effective average of approx. 13.0 Nm 3 / h or approx. 35.6 Nm 3 / h or approx. 32.2 Nm 3 / h.
  • the Bauer compressors can meet a demand for gaseous fuel of 560,000 kWh Hi or 1,533,000 kWh Hi or 1,387,000 kWh Hi Demand of 56, 153 and 139 car equivalents, respectively. That is, the smallest Bauer gas station is on the supply of at least approx. Targeted at 56 car equivalents. In this catchment area / customer base and at approx. 55 refueling per car equivalent per year results in a refueling frequency of approx. 8.6 refuelings per day.
  • the smallest filling station of the gas station manufacturer Greenfield is designed with a compression capacity of 80 - 150 Nm 3 / h for 53 to 100 car refueling per day, ie this still relatively large filling station type provides approx. 345 to 650 car equivalents.
  • the average capacity of newly installed memory banks in the new gas filling stations increased from 1,640 liters in 2002 to 2,470 liters in 2008, 2,250 liters in 2009 and 2,430 liters in 2010.
  • the operators of the gas filling stations have thus currently adjusted to a peak demand of approx. 7 - 14 refuelings directly after one another or to a peak demand of approx. 9 - 18 refuelings in 1 hour.
  • the gas station type 2 is the non-public garage or home gas stations, which are connected to the domestic gas line.
  • the gas is taken from this domestic gas line, compressed with a (relatively small) compressor and fed without intermediate storage via a refueling hose and a gas-tight coupling directly into the pressure tank of the gas or multi-fuel vehicle.
  • the gas pressure is monitored by a pressure sensor, which is usually located between the compressor and the clutch. Since the refueling process is very slow (this refueling mode is also called "slow fill"), the gas pressure measured between the clutch and the supercharger corresponds approximately to the gas pressure in the pressure tank of the gas or multi-fuel vehicle.
  • the now extinct EP0356377 (Greenfield AG) describes such a non-public home gas station.
  • the Phill unit is fastened to the garage wall with a few screws and connected to the domestic gas line as well as to the domestic power supply. It can be disassembled relatively easily.
  • the Phill unit has an average delivery rate of approx. 1.1 kg / h. Since for CNG cars the usual refueling amount for an average refueling process is about 20 Nm 3 or about 14.4 kg CNG and the gas station does not use memory, the car to be refueled has to be refueled with CNG for about 13 hours stay connected to the home gas station. During this time, the CNG vehicle is not available to the user, unless he decides to drive off with a tank that is only partially filled.
  • a home gas station of this type could cover the gas fuel requirement of up to 8 passenger car equivalents with a running time of 12h / d, but refueling would not be driven by demand but by supply.
  • a home gas station with the above-described compression capacity could supply up to 4 passenger car equivalents with a time delay of gas fuel.
  • the total specific petrol station costs related to the kWh gas are approximately 200% to 300% higher than the full costs arise during the operation of large filling stations.
  • the manufacturer BRC Fuelmaker offers the compressor models FMQ-2, FMQ-2.5 and FMQ-2-36, which usually work without memory, but with 2.5 Nm 3 / h to 4.3 Nm 3 / h (in the effective average 3.4 Nm 3 / h) has a higher compression capacity.
  • Smaller and medium-sized non-public depot or liquefied petrol stations represent type 3 gas station . These function like home gas stations , but due to the higher number of gaseous gas fueled CNG vehicles, compressors with higher compression capacity are used. In addition, gas storage can be used. There are many different ways of storing gaseous fuels for this type of refueling station so that the refueling times can be adapted to the requirements of the respective gas or multi-fuel vehicle fleet.
  • the requirement for refueling with CNG for gas station type 3, as for gas station type 2, is the connection to the natural gas grid.
  • this type of filling station are the small FMQ models of the Italian manufacturer BRC Fuelmaker, namely the FMQ-2, FMQ-2.5 and the FMQ-2-36, as well as the large FMQ models of the manufacturer BRC Fuelmaker, namely the FMQ-10 and FMQ-8-36 (10.3 Nm 3 gas / h to 17.0 m 3 gas / h), as well as the tapping point FP 1-M / TA of the manufacturer Bauer compressors in conjunction with the small compressor 120 - 5.5 (12.6 Nm 3 / h - 16.9 Nm 3 / h) and a memory bank of any size (eg Bauer B2000 for outdoor installation or Bauer B1920 for integration into a building).
  • the gas or multi-fuel vehicles to be refueled return to the location before their gas tank is emptied, so that it is not necessary to start up at a public gas filling station.
  • the CNG vehicles can be of any type, including CNG cars, light CNG utility vehicles, heavy CNG commercial vehicles, CNG buses and CNG special vehicles such as CNG refuse collection vehicles and forklifts.
  • type 4 petrol station For type 4 petrol station, the relatively small type 3 public network system for public use will be supplemented by a calibrated dispenser with flow meter and an indication of the unit price, the quantity refueled and the final price. Possibly. It also adds an automated payment option and increased ex-zone protection, which also acts as vandalism protection.
  • This type of gas station is known from Canada and the USA.
  • gas storages are mandatory (see FIG. 17, the gas pump not being shown in FIG. Their size depends on the number of gas or multi-fuel vehicles, which advance within the time for refueling, which requires the compressor to replenish the gas storage to the gas tanked amount. Assuming an average running time of 12 h / d, for example, the compressor type BRC Fuelmaker FMQ-2-36 with its effective compression capacity of 2.7 Nm 3 / h (compression of the gas in the gas storage tank to 248 bar, emptying the gas storage tank to approx cash) and 360 days per year to supply up to 15 car equivalents with gas fuel.
  • the compressor type BRC Fuelmaker FMQ-8-36 can with its effective compaction performance of approx. 11 Nm 3 / h (compression of the gas in the gas storage tank to 248 bar, emptying of the gas storage tank to approx. 200 bar), eg with a running time of approx. 12 h / d with gas fuel for up to 60 car equivalents.
  • the gas station type 5 is represented by small mobile complete gas stations, such as the company BRC Fuelmaker currently manufactures and markets with its model Shark. Despite its compactness, this type 4 has a modular design and can be supplied with various memory banks. Since the compressors operate oil-free, the maintenance costs are relatively low. Nevertheless, it still requires a connection to the natural gas grid.
  • the Shark model from BRC-Fuelmaker is particularly suitable for low inlet pressures of 17 to 200 mbar, which prevail in the natural gas low-pressure network.
  • the Shark model from BRC-Fuelmaker is particularly suitable for low inlet pressures of 17 to 200 mbar, which prevail in the natural gas low-pressure network.
  • the particular advantage of this type 5 is the mobility of this gas station. Except for the connection to the natural gas pipeline network, all modules and components of the gas filling station are integrated in a single concrete housing. After capping the connection to the natural gas pipeline network, the filling station can be quasi hooked, transported by truck somewhere else, and resumed operation there after connection to the local natural gas network, without having to take major structural measures. Nevertheless, the stock in Germany is currently zero.
  • the gas station type 6 represent parent-subsidiary systems, wherein the mother station can also be a gas filling station at the same time.
  • the main purpose of the mother station is the filling of at least one mobile memory bank (gas storage) for the purpose of supplying gas to vehicles located in places / regions without connection to the natural gas grid.
  • the at least one mobile memory bank can have different sizes, depending on how many compressed gas cylinders are integrated in it. It is filled like a very large (mobile) vehicle tank with gas and usually brought by truck to a subsidiary station that is not connected to a natural gas network. Often, however, the filling pressure is not only 200 bar, as in filled vehicle tanks, but 250 to 300 bar or even more. The geometric volume of the memory bank is better utilized by the higher pressure.
  • the Italian manufacturer BRC Fuelmaker markets such Type 6 systems.
  • the gas transport by storage tank and truck is technically more complex than the gas transport by pipeline, not least because approx. 95% of the transport weight consist of steel bottles and only approx. 5% from natural gas.
  • Germany with a length of approx. 400,000 km has a relatively dense natural gas network and the transport of natural gas by bottle or by storage is technically more complex and costly, the German gas industry has renounced the use of parent-subsidiary systems. At most for special events such. Car racing with CNG cars uses mobile memory banks. In Sweden, which has only a rudimentary natural gas network, such parent-subsidiary systems are used to supply decentralized gas stations.
  • the daughter stations are available in three different design or functional versions.
  • gas station type 6a the mobile multi-cylinder storage bank at the subsidiary station provides the gaseous fuel with no downstream compressor and no downstream storage bank. There is only one pressure reducer. The daughter station is thus without a compressor.
  • DE10206502C1 (DaimlerChrysler AG) describes such a type of compressed gas plant with a plurality of compressed gas containers, in which the compressed gas containers are arranged in a common holding frame and connected to a provided with a common shut-off valve common gas channel.
  • the advantage of this daughter-station variant consists in the avoided technical effort for the compressor or compressors (booster). Instead of the avoided technical effort for the booster, however, the effort associated with the truck transport of mobile storage banks occurs, so that the transport costs over a certain transport distance overcompensated for the capital and operating costs for the booster saved and thus no saving effect is given.
  • a mobile, installed on a truck first pressure accumulator battery can be used to (mobile and immobile) decentralized second gas storage to fill after their (partial) emptying. This can be done with and without the use of a mobile, carried out on the truck or on the mobile first accumulator battery compressor.
  • a part of the work done by the compressor is lost in a disadvantageous manner as a result of the unavoidable partial expansion of the recirculated gas.
  • the subsidiary station is equipped with a simple stationary compressor (booster). Since this type of compressor requires a relatively high input pressure of, for example, 30 bar, the mobile or refillable stationary storage bank upstream of it can only be emptied to a residual pressure of approximately 30 bar, which is significantly better than the residual pressure of 200 bar, as described in US Pat Type 6a is achieved. Ceteris paribus this requires less frequent changes of mobile memory or less frequent refilling of stationary memory than at daughter stations without booster. Nevertheless, there is a technical and economic burden on the procurement and operation of the booster.
  • boost simple stationary compressor
  • the booster is followed by one or more banks of memory in this daughter type, which may have after appropriate booster filling between one and two, sometimes up to four pressure levels.
  • the number of pressure levels depends on the capacity of the booster, the booster capacity in turn depends on the (still) contained in the mobile storage gas pressure.
  • the purpose of the multi-stage operation of the gas storage system is the fastest possible filling of the gas or multi-fuel vehicle tanks.
  • DE19650999C1 Mannesmann AG
  • the gas to be filled with a low inlet pressure into a first compressor, brought with this to an elevated pressure, cached with the increased pressure in a first gas storage, from there into a second compressor, with this on a brought further increased pressure level and passed through a second gas storage to a tap system essentially corresponds to this type 6b.
  • the only difference of type 6b to the prior art system of DE19650999C1 is the feature that the first gas storage is mobile.
  • the Italian manufacturer BRC Fuelmaker offers a booster that comes with a Current consumption of 15 - 18 kw el typically between 100 Nm 3 / h (input pressure 30 bar) and 1,000 Nm 3 / h (input pressure 250 bar) can bring to 300 bar.
  • a booster is also the use of one of the in DE19916385C2 (Mannesmann AG) and DD115528A1 (Greer Hydraulics Inc.) described gas storage systems in which the gas storage each have two separate sub-volumes.
  • the partial volumes are separated from one another by a wall which can be changed in position and / or size, so that the content of both partial volumes can be changed.
  • a liquid pump liquid or gas can be pressed into one part of the shared gas storage with the result that the gas is displaced in the other part of the gas storage and / or that increases the gas pressure.
  • the German patent DE915696 (BV ARAL AG, application 31/05/1944, announcement 24/12/1953, publication 16/6/1954) describes a refueling of motor vehicles with gas fuel by means of "portable storage batteries, each at the gas station (meaning the location of the stationary compressor; Verf.) Were filled in order then in turn to refuel the bottles (meaning the mobile pressurized gas tanks, the author) of the car ".
  • the DE915696 (BV ARAL AG) displaces the existing after a pressure equalization with the mobile gas tank gas in the storage batteries by means of a "suitable liquid".
  • the gas compressor is replaced by a liquid pump, which is less expensive in terms of plant engineering and can work more efficiently than a gas compressor. Due to the displacement of the gas by a "suitable liquid", the amount of gaseous fuel unused in the portable containers is reduced to up to 3%.
  • DE102007049458A1 (Applicant: MAN Nutzweakenede AG, Inventor: Prümm, also referred to below as the Prümm process) takes up this idea, which eliminates the partition wall between the two partial volumes in the gas storage, for use in vehicles, in particular in diesel vehicles.
  • a compensation liquid is used, in which the gas can not dissolve.
  • the equalizing liquid is pumped by means of a liquid pump from a liquid container into the at least one gas reservoir.
  • a type 6b subsidiary station is advantageous if the number of refueling or the degree of supply has reached such a level that the technical complexity of the truck transport for the procurement of mobile storage, the technical complexity of the purchase and operation of a Booster exceeds. In which degree of care this is the case, according to new knowledge of the inventor depends multifactor on the general framework conditions and the specific framework data of the affected subsidiary station. Due to the complexity of the calculation i.d.R. an EDP-based simulation program can be used.
  • the subsidiary stations are equipped with double compressors (BiBoosters) and downstream memory banks.
  • BiBoosters double compressors
  • Advantage of this variant is that the mobile memory bank down to a residual pressure of approx. 5 bar can be emptied, which ceteris paribus reduces the number of mobile memory banks.
  • Disadvantages of this variant of the daughter station are the higher technical complexity of a second, the first upstream booster and the higher technical complexity of a higher power consumption.
  • gas station type 6c is conceivable to replace the BiBooster and the at least one memory bank by a compressed gas storage facility, which operates according to the Prümm method described above.
  • a compressed gas storage facility which operates according to the Prümm method described above.
  • Both the pressurized gas storage system operating according to the Prümm method and a type 6c gas filling station equipped with a BiBooster manage, instead of merely approx. 33% or 40% over 90% of the stored or transported gas to use.
  • the Italian manufacturer BRC Fuelmaker offers a BiBooster, with its electrical capacity of 37 kW el to 55 kW el is a typical example, in the already mentioned DE19650999C1 is described. At an inlet pressure of 5 bar, this BiBooster compresses approx. 100 Nm 3 / h to 300 bar and at an inlet pressure of 250 bar approx. 3,000 Nm 3 to 300 bar.
  • AGA Gas AB a subsidiary of Linde AG, is familiar with the type of gas station 7 (see Ragnar Sjödahl, "LBG Infrastructure in Sweden", AGA Gas AB, www.biogasmax.eu/media/4t2_biogasmax_goeteborg_rs_ 096140200_0657_30092009.pdf).
  • the gas fuel is liquefied after production (BioMethan) or after removal from the gas network (natural gas) and after any interim transport at a central location and thus converted into Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) or in Liquefied BioMethane (LBM) ,
  • LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
  • LBM Liquefied BioMethane
  • the liquid gas is transported to at least one subsidiary station, usually by truck.
  • a compressor removes the LPG from the liquefied gas tank, compresses it, and passes the compressed LPG through a heat exchanger.
  • Heat exchanger takes the compressed liquid gas heat from the environment, making it gaseous.
  • the gaseous, under an elevated pressure (usually 280 bar to 300 bar) standing gas is temporarily stored in a memory bank, which is connected downstream of a pump.
  • the gas tanks of gas or multi-fuel vehicles are filled, usually with a filling pressure of 200 bar.
  • the liquefied, under moderate pressure liquid gas with a corresponding compressor is only slightly further compressed and filled without intermediate storage by means of a liquid gas dispenser directly into the liquefied gas tank of a LNG vehicle.
  • the gas station-type mother-and-daughter systems 7 use liquefied natural gas or liquefied natural gas substitutes.
  • liquefied natural gas less energy is used in the production and conversion process, and in addition to the approx. 3.5 t of gaseous gas can be transported up to 20 t of liquid gas, because the tare weight is up to 16.5 t lower.
  • high-pressure steel gas cylinders weigh much more than liquid gas tanks. The liquefaction of the gas is therefore particularly advantageous when transport routes to the subsidiary stations are (must) be traveled, which are so far that the transport cost savings are higher than the additional costs of (natural) gas liquefaction.
  • DE29816811 U1 (Wiedemann) refers to the storage of flammable fuel gases such as natural gas and hydrogen in a gas storage, which is able to change its geometric volume.
  • Such an LPG module may optionally be used in any of the types of gas stations described above. However, this does not change the fact that the field of disclosure presented here, the optimized delivery of gaseous gas fuels from compressorless memory banks to mobile consumers, is not affected.
  • EP1559949A1 (Gaveco AB) describes a method and system for refueling gas vehicles and redesigning a gas tank to be installed in gas vehicles, but not a method or system for optimally delivering gaseous gaseous fuels from compressorless memory banks to mobile consumers.
  • DE102008007928A1 discloses a method of charging a mobile gas tank with pressurized hydrogen gas, but not a method or system for optimally delivering gaseous gaseous fuels from compressorless memory banks to mobile consumers.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of solving the hen-egg problem and the cannibalization problem existing in Germany, as well as providing technical refueling solutions (new methods and plant configurations) which, with relatively little technical and economic outlay, even gas or multi-fuel vehicles be supplied with gaseous gaseous fuel, if the number of stationed in the catchment area of a gas station gas or multi-fuel vehicles is low or very low.
  • technical solutions have to be defined that guarantee a gas fuel distribution to the approx. 4,100 (the required 5,000 minus the gas filling stations already installed at 900 locations) of German locations that have so far not had a filling station for gaseous gas fuels.
  • none of these disclosures is directed to minimizing the technical equipment, particularly of small gas filling stations, and to compensate for the reduced technical equipment through intelligent control of the refueling operation and through optimized use of the geometric gas storage volume, particularly not in the sales volume range of less than 640,000 kWh Hi per gas filling station and year ,
  • the inventive on the adaptation of the filling station technology used to the (initially low) gas station specific and gas station cross-cutting customer gas fuel demand-oriented method for refueling mobile gaseous fuel consumers consists first of all in a quantity-specific optimization of the plant and energy costs.
  • a new refueling and a new refueling system disclosed see claims 1 and 2 to 5 and claims 6 and 7 to 10), which provide the use of not connected to the natural gas network, compressorless subsidiary stations as gas stations, the Emptying of the supplied gas storage tank is maximized by means of a plurality of cascaded pressure stages.
  • this sub-type gas station type 6 can in a very advantageous manner refueling to relatively low specific Provide full costs - also and especially in locations with strongly below-average sales.
  • the circuit diagram of FIG. 2 rather, has the purpose of minimizing the work to be performed by the compressor and the loss of work of the compressor due to gas expansion (cf. DE19650999C1 Column 4 lines 46 to 57 as well DE19650999C1 Figure 4 curve b).
  • the first gas or multi-fuel vehicle empties the first gas cylinder, taking into account the thermodynamic real gas factor (compressibility factor) for methane to a residual pressure of approximately 135 bar and the second gas cylinder to a residual pressure of approximately 208 bar.
  • the residual pressure of the first gas cylinder could not be used because it is already below the target filling pressure of the pressure tank of the gas or multi-fuel vehicle, which usually rd. 200 bar. This is different in an advantageous manner in the parallel connection.
  • the second gas or multi-fuel vehicle can at least partially be filled from the first gas cylinder.
  • a new residual pressure of approx. 74 bar is established after pressure equalization.
  • the subsequent filling of the compressed gas tank of the second gas or multi-fuel vehicle from the second gas cylinder results in this after the pressure equalization a residual pressure of about 126 bar.
  • the third gas cylinder must be tapped. Their residual pressure is after the complete refueling of the 2nd gas or multi-fuel vehicle still about 196 bar.
  • the third gas or multi-fuel vehicle with its emptied to a residual pressure of 20 bar tank is first filled according to the inventive method from the 1st gas bottle, the residual pressure of 74 bar after the pressure equalization back to about 47 bar.
  • the following filling of the tank of the third gas or multi-fuel vehicle from the second gas cylinder drops its residual pressure after pressure equalization from approx. 126 bar to approx. 83 bar.
  • the subsequent changeover to the third gas cylinder fills the compressed gas tank of the third gas or multi-fuel vehicle with approx. 158 bar and leaves the third gas cylinder with just this residual pressure of approx. 158 bar.
  • For complete filling is switched to the 4th gas cylinder, which brings the compressed gas tank of the third gas or multi-fuel vehicle to 200 bar and then still has a residual pressure of about 200 bar.
  • the residual pressure of the first gas cylinder drops further from about 47 bar to about 32 bar, the residual pressure of the second gas cylinder of about 83 bar to about 53 bar, the residual pressure of the 3rd Gas cylinder of approx. 158 bar to about 84 bar and the residual pressure of the 4th gas cylinder from about 200 to about 129 bar.
  • the residual pressure in the gas cylinders continues to decrease with each gas or multi-fuel vehicle to be refueled, but never further than the (lowest) residual pressure in the tank of the mobile consumer, in particular the gas or multi-fuel vehicle tank.
  • the residual pressure of the first three gas cylinders in this calculation example after the 12th refueling decreased to 20 bar. It then amounts to 21 bar in the 4th gas cylinder, 24 bar in the 5th gas cylinder, 29 bar still in the 6th gas cylinder, 37 bar still in the 7th gas cylinder, and 45 bar in the 8th gas cylinder 9.
  • thermodynamic real gas factor compressibility factor
  • the advantage of the relatively low investment volume is also used to expand the gas station infrastructure. Now a location for a few tens of thousands of euros can be provided with a first possibility for refueling with gas fuel.
  • Another advantage is that the installation of a compressorless subsidiary station is very fast compared to the construction of a public gas station, there is neither civil engineering nor is a power cable for the most power-intensive compressor required.
  • the systematic use of the type 6a filling station technology according to the invention has the first advantage that no connection to the natural gas grid is required.
  • the laying of a natural gas pipeline even if only laying a more or less short spur line, can be omitted. This saves construction costs and, above all, time.
  • significantly more sites are eligible for the construction of the public gas station, as if in the site search consideration should be taken to the existence of a natural gas grid exit point.
  • the second advantage of the systematic use of the type 6a refueling technology according to the invention is the relatively low investment volume: a public gas filling station can be set up without having to install complex and expensive compressor technology.
  • the compression is rather centrally by a large and efficient compressor of a mother station, the gas can not only compress more efficient than a decentralized compressor of small or medium power class, but usually due to the much higher power consumption also comes to enjoy a lower cost of electricity.
  • the resulting specific kWh gas electricity cost savings and the saved depreciation and capital cost of the decentralized compressors overcompensate for the cost of trucking the loaded memory banks from the mother station to the subsidiary station or multiple subsidiary stations.
  • This second advantage of the type 6 refueling technique is further improved when the above-described sub-type refueling technique according to the invention is used, in which the emptying of the reservoir of the subsidiary station is maximized by its multi-stage operation (see claims 1 and 6).
  • An advantageous consequence is, as described above, that the specific full costs per kWh Hi still go back further than when using only compressorless subsidiary stations.
  • the appropriateness of the selected size of the gas storage facility can be read off in its geometric volume, which should be as small as possible (see claims 5 and 10), and / or on the number of (standard) gas cylinders used, which should also be as small as possible.
  • the design according to the invention of the construction of the gas filling station infrastructure has the particular advantage that the respective filling station operator does not have to invest in uncertainty in filling station infrastructure. Due to the lower break-even sales, the (simple) gas filling station can be set up even if only a relatively low demand has been shown. This advantage can not be overestimated, as it enables the construction of a complete refueling infrastructure and a nearly organic one Growth by itself without the need to undertake very substantial upfront investments, which are usually associated with great uncertainties and therefore can only be undertaken by very well funded companies.
  • the overriding aim of the invention is to build a gas station infrastructure for the physical distribution of new, petroleum-independent, absolutely THG-free, not in area competition with food production standing (!), Sustainably produced gas fuels with the lowest possible upfront investment and financed by the operator (See the disclosures DE10 2010017818A1 and WO2011101137A1 of the inventor) and thus to make it independent from the existing (fossil) CNG distribution structures, whose operators often have (fossil) self-interests that conflict with the interests of marketers of innovative fuels.
  • the new petroleum-independent and at the same time GHG-free gas fuels should thus be helped to make a breakthrough.
  • GHG-reduced bioMethane and SynMethan can be brought to virtually any place in Germany (physically distributed), but also and in particular developed by the inventor petroleum-independent and absolute GHG -free gas fuel methane ZeroEmission (see disclosures DE102010017818 A1 and WO20 11101137A1 of the inventor). This approach avoids overinvestment, but still ensures a full supply.
  • the triangular curve shows the relative infrastructure costs of a medium - sized gas filling station of Stadtwerke Esslingen (whose data were submitted to the essay by Rilling "costs and prices at natural gas filling stations" of the journal for municipal economy, issue 11/2005, page 6 and the squares curve shows the relative infrastructure costs of a typical large type 1 gas filling station, where infrastructure costs are understood to be operating costs excluding gas procurement costs.
  • the filling station operators installed - so far in the section above "state of the art" represented - so far always larger gas station technology. It was forgotten that the low cost has large sales volumes as a condition. If these do not materialize, the operators of large gas stations get into the left, steeply rising part of the FIG. 1 indicated cost curves. Even with medium-sized gas station technology, the infrastructure cost rates already break the critical 2 cent line for less than approx. 450 car equivalents and the 3 cent line for less than approx. 220 car equivalents.
  • FIG. 2 shows in a simplified block diagram the simplest design of a type 6 gas station. Shown are only the system modules that are essential for the subject. These essential parts comprise a natural gas pipeline network with an exit point, a mother station with a (large) compressor, at least one mobile gas storage, at least one subsidiary station each with at least one dispenser with refueling hose and tap, at which at least one gas or multi-fuel vehicle refuels becomes.
  • the at least one mobile, under high pressure of up to 350 bar standing gas storage is at the subsidiary station discontinued and connected to this. There is no further pressure increase in the subsidiary station. It is only so much gas in the tank of the gas or multi-fuel vehicle admitted until the target pressure of 200 bar is reached. When the gas pressure in the mobile gas storage has dropped below 200 bar, this partially emptied mobile gas storage is replaced by a full mobile gas storage.
  • the mobile gas storage consists of a plurality of compressed gas tanks, preferably from standard compressed gas cylinders, wherein the individual pressure stages are not connected in series but in parallel.
  • the parallel connection allows individual access to each individual pressure stage, which makes the method according to the invention possible.
  • the pressure stage 1 of the gas storage system of the gas filling station can be emptied by the inventive connection of the individual pressure levels on the pressurized gas tank to be refueled the mobile consumer without the use of a compressor (compressor) approximately to the lowest pressure level, which is delivered in the form of a pressurized gas tank to be refueled , That is, the corresponding storage tank or the corresponding pressure level of the gas storage system of the gas filling station can be emptied by a multi-stage circuit approximately to the pressure prevailing in the compressed gas tank of the mobile consumer pressure level, ie up to 10 bar and below (s.o.). That's against. the hitherto usual emptying of great advantage (s.o.).
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the essential actions and course for a multi-stage operation of a compressorless subsidiary station of a mother-daughter system for multi-stage refueling of mobile consumers, especially gas or multi-fuel vehicles.
  • the gas delivery system is prepared, by a measured at short intervals and a corresponding logging (storage) of the ambient temperature.
  • the ambient temperature is required in order to be able to extract the correct compressibility factors from known, temperature-dependent tables, which in turn are required in order to be able to determine the respective boundary conditions (gas temperature, Pressure level of the gas reservoir (s), residual pressure of the pressure tank of the mobile consumer etc.) to be able to calculate the highest permissible nominal filling pressure.
  • the (electronic) control of the gas delivery system goes into a waiting loop and waits for the beginning of the (next) refueling process.
  • the fueling process begins with the removal of the fuel nozzle (the tap) from the holder in the pump. After removal of the fuel nozzle from the holder and the pressure-resistant connection of the empty gas vehicle tank GFT of the mobile consumer (gas or multi-fuel vehicle) with the refueling system (by tap and dispensing nozzle of the refueling system) is first checked whether a relevant in Zapfschlauch or in the connecting line Pressure of eg 3 bar can be established. Thus, it is checked whether the dispensing system is in order. If this is the case, the residual pressure p GFT still present in the gas or multi-fuel vehicle tank GFT is measured.
  • the valve to the gas storage GS-1 is opened until pressure equalization DA b) at the same time the gas flowing through or mass and c) the (rising) pressure p GFT in the gas or multi-fuel vehicle tank GFT is still measured.
  • the valve to the gas reservoir GS-1 usually remains open until the pressure equalization DA between the gas storage and the gas or multi-fuel vehicle tank GFT, unless the maximum permitted filling pressure calculated from the ambient temperature and a safety discount is reached in advance. In this case, the valve closes before the complete pressure equalization, ie, in the gas storage tank GS-1 remains a higher gas pressure than in the compressed gas tank GFT of the gas vehicle.
  • the check is made as to whether the residual pressure p GFT is less than the pressure level of the next gas store, ie the gas store GS -2 (p GS-2 ). If this is the case, a) the valve is opened to the gas storage GS-2 to pressure equalization DA, b) measured simultaneously the gas flowing through mass or mass and c) continue the (increasing) pressure p GFT in the gas or multi-fuel vehicle tank GFT measured.
  • the valve GS-1 to the gas storage GS-1 (or the valve GS-2 to the gas storage GS-2) closed and the refueling process ended (see claims 1 and 6).
  • the second gas reservoir GS-2 is activated and if its pressure is insufficient, the third gas reservoir GS-3 and so on until in Gas or multi-fuel vehicle tank GFT the target filling pressure of 198 bar is reached (see claims 1 and 6).
  • the above-described operations of the gas pressure test of the next gas storage stage GS, the opening of the corresponding valve V GS-n , the measurement of the gas flow rate m and the permanent monitoring of the pressure p GFT in the gas or multi-fuel vehicle tank start again with each connection of a gas storage.
  • connection to the next pressure stage is repeated until either the pressure p GFT in the gas or multi-fuel vehicle tank has reached the desired filling pressure (in this case 198 bar) or until the highest or last pressure stage has been actuated (compare claims 1 and 6 ).
  • the number of pressure stages (and consequently also the minimum number of gas storage containers connected in parallel) can be two, but also four, six, eight, ten, twelve, sixteen, twenty or more (see claims 1 and 6 and claims 2 and 8).
  • the target filling pressure in the gas or multi-fuel vehicle tank can not be achieved even with the highest pressure level, generates the (electronic) control system of the gas station before the completion of refueling process 1 to x a corresponding message and sends them including the recording of relevant operating parameters to the central monitoring point, preferably as SMS and especially preferably as e-mail. Furthermore, the control system puts the gas filling station out of operation after the refueling operation has ended (cf. FIG. 3 and claims 1 and 6).
  • the control system closes all relevant open valves of the refueling system and triggers an alarm out (in FIG. 3 not shown).
  • the control system regularly reports the operating data of the subsidiary stations to the central monitoring station (in FIG. 3 Not shown). There, when falling below certain operating data limits (eg falling below a certain pressure level of the highest pressure level), an anticipatory replenishment of the supply of gaseous fuel can be initiated.
  • certain operating data limits eg falling below a certain pressure level of the highest pressure level
  • the refueling process is terminated by the electronic control system which adds the gas masses m overflowed from the individual gas accumulators GS, calculates the price to be paid by the end customer, the expression of a corresponding one Document and by logging the entire refueling process with its relevant operating parameters.
  • the refueling operation can be accelerated in an advantageous manner for the tank end (s) if the gas station control system activates the gas storage stage GS or the gas tank immediately after starting the refueling operation, which has a pressure level sufficient for immediate refueling (cf. Claims 1 and 6).
  • the action "Start of refueling process” includes the activation and / or the up front payment of the refueling process via an SMS or via a so-called app. This is particularly advantageous when the refueling operations are to be processed cashless.
  • the fuel card has an integrated circuit (IC) containing data that the user of the gas or multi-fuel vehicle is aware of. can identify the gas station operator and / or with which the refueling gas or multi-fuel vehicle can be clearly identified, the collection and billing of refueling operations can be automated in an advantageous manner, which the technical and economic effort compared. other forms of capture and billing are reduced.
  • IC integrated circuit
  • the electronic reader of the gas filling station is attached to the tap of the gas pump or on the pump, the driver of the gas or multi-fuel vehicle only has to refuel, the entire collection process is then automated.
  • the specific technical and economic effort for the physical distribution of the at least one gas fuel can be advantageously reduced by not only innovative, GHG-reduced gas fuels are supplied by the cell-specific gas stations, but also natural gas (CNG) and / or from wind power and Atmospheric CO 2 generated SynMethane, because the resulting effort is then distributed to a larger sales volume, which reduces the specific effort.
  • CNG natural gas
  • the collection of preferably electronic documents of individual fueling operations by the end customers and / or by the at least one operator of gas filling stations for the purpose of feeding a certain quantity of gas of a specific quality into the national or international natural gas grid can also be advantageous to compensate for a natural gas equivalent.
  • the energetic gas quantity of a greenhouse gas-reduced, preferably greenhouse-gas-free and particularly preferably greenhouse gas-negative gas is fed into the natural gas network which the members of a certain end customer group, preferably the members of a club or organization, previously fueled and consumed as gas fuel.
  • a remote diagnosis and maintenance system is used, preferably an interactive remote diagnosis and maintenance system.
  • the at least one gas station can retrieve from the Internet, preferably via smartphones or navigation devices.
  • the proportionate equipment and economic outlay can be reduced if the compression system of the mother station is used not only as a compression system for the supply of subsidiary stations, but also as a gas station for the refueling of gas or multi-fuel vehicles, preferably for the refueling of gas-powered Vehicle fleets, particularly preferably for the refueling of light, medium and heavy CNG utility vehicles and in particular for the refueling of gas-powered forwarding vehicles and / or gas-powered vehicles of parcel services and / or buses with gas propulsion.
  • the delivered gas fuels are all the more attractive to the gasoline and / or multi-fuel vehicle refueling drivers, if they are as little as possible burdened with greenhouse gas emissions. Since the greenhouse gas emissions arising during refueling are also taken into account in the context of the Life Cycle Analysis LCA, it is advantageous for the operators of gas refueling stations to use GHG-reduced energies or energy sources for operating the refueling technology, preferably GHG-free energies or energy sources and especially preferably THG-negative energies or energy carriers.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Pipeline Systems (AREA)
  • Beverage Vending Machines With Cups, And Gas Or Electricity Vending Machines (AREA)
EP15000124.6A 2014-01-17 2015-01-17 Procédé et installations pour une station de gaz destinés à la distribution de volume optimisé de carburant gazeux à des utilisateurs mobiles Withdrawn EP2908044A3 (fr)

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DE201410000639 DE102014000639A1 (de) 2013-01-18 2014-01-17 Verfahren und Anlagen für eine Gastankstelle zur größenoptimierten Abgabe gasförmiger Gaskraftstoffe an mobile Verbraucher

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EP3511569A1 (fr) * 2018-01-10 2019-07-17 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de compression d'un fluide et sous-ensemble compresseur

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