EP2904625B1 - Disjoncteur de courant continu - Google Patents

Disjoncteur de courant continu Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2904625B1
EP2904625B1 EP12808730.1A EP12808730A EP2904625B1 EP 2904625 B1 EP2904625 B1 EP 2904625B1 EP 12808730 A EP12808730 A EP 12808730A EP 2904625 B1 EP2904625 B1 EP 2904625B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switching
parallel
switching direction
path
power semiconductor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP12808730.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2904625A1 (fr
Inventor
Dominik ERGIN
Hans-Joachim Knaak
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to PL12808730T priority Critical patent/PL2904625T3/pl
Publication of EP2904625A1 publication Critical patent/EP2904625A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2904625B1 publication Critical patent/EP2904625B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/547—Combinations of mechanical switches and static switches, the latter being controlled by the former
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H01H2009/546—Contacts shunted by static switch means the static switching means being triggered by the voltage over the mechanical switch contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/59—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
    • H01H33/596—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle for interrupting dc

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for switching direct currents in a pole of a direct voltage network comprising two terminal connectable with the terminal terminals, between which extends an operating current path with a mechanical switch which can be bridged by a Abschaltzweig in which a power switching unit is arranged, the one Series connection of two-pole submodules having at least one switchable power semiconductor switch, and commutation means for commutating the current from the operating current path in the Abschaltzweig, wherein the submodules of the power switching unit form a first and a second switching direction group, each for switching off currents in a unidirectional switching direction are set, wherein the switching direction of the first switching direction group is oriented opposite to the switching direction of the second switching direction group.
  • Such a device is for example from the WO 2011/057675 known.
  • the illustrated there DC voltage switch has an operating current path with a mechanical switch and a Abschaltzweig, which is connected in parallel to the operating current path.
  • Abschaltzweig a series circuit of power semiconductor switches is arranged, each of which a freewheeling diode is connected in parallel in opposite directions.
  • the existing of power semiconductor switch and freewheeling diode switching units are arranged antiserial, so that there are switching direction groups. Each switching group is capable of carrying currents in both directions, but only switching off in one direction.
  • two antiserial to each other arranged switching direction groups are provided, so that in the Abschaltzweig currents can be turned off in both directions.
  • commutation means are arranged in the form of an electronic auxiliary switch.
  • an operating current flows through the operating current path and thus via the closed mechanical switch, since the power semiconductor switch the Abschaltzweiges represent an increased resistance to the DC current.
  • the electronic auxiliary switch is transferred to its disconnected position.
  • the resistance increases in the operating current path, so that the direct current commutes in the Abschaltzweig.
  • the fast mechanical disconnector can then be opened without current.
  • arresters are provided which are connected in parallel to the power semiconductor switch of the turn-off branch.
  • the prior art device has the disadvantage that doubles in a switching capability of currents in both directions of the power semiconductor overhead. For each direction of flow a switching group is provided. Each switching group must be able to switch both the high short-circuit currents and to withstand the resulting high voltages. The additional effort required to achieve the switching capability in both directions is thus enormous.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a device of the type mentioned, which is inexpensive.
  • the invention solves this problem in that the first switching group for switching off load and short-circuit currents and the second switching direction group is set up exclusively for switching off load currents, and protection means for protecting the second switching direction group are provided in the event of a short circuit.
  • the invention is based on the idea that short-circuit currents often only have to be switched off in one direction, whereas load currents have to be conducted and switched in both directions.
  • the second switching group is designed in the context of the invention only to the requirement of the current carrying capacity of the load current.
  • This semiconductor path designed for lower currents must therefore be protected against possible fault currents.
  • protection means are provided which provide protection of the second switching group, for example, when a short circuit occurs.
  • the first switching direction group is set up to conduct and switch even high short-circuit currents.
  • short-circuit currents can therefore be switched off in only one direction.
  • the load currents can be switched off in both directions.
  • the semiconductor expense for the design of the second switching group has thus reduced considerably compared to the previously known prior art device.
  • the switch according to the invention is therefore less expensive. In this case, the device of the invention is the most in practice requirements. Thus, within the scope of the invention, a practical low-cost power semiconductor switch is provided.
  • the protection means comprise a parallel path for bridging the second switching direction group.
  • the short-circuit current is conducted via the parallel path, so that the second switching direction group designed to carry lower currents is protected.
  • a mechanical switch is arranged in the parallel path.
  • the said switch In the case of a short circuit, the said switch is closed, so that a low-inductive bypass path is provided for protecting the second switching direction group.
  • the mechanical switch In order to switch the load current with the second switching direction group, the mechanical switch is opened in the parallel path.
  • a diode and / or a thyristor are arranged in the parallel path.
  • Each diode arranged in the parallel path and each thyristor arranged there has a forward direction which corresponds to the switching direction of the first switching direction group.
  • Each diode and each thyristor is designed to carry high short-circuit currents. The short-circuit currents which can be switched off by the first switching group are thus passed through the diode and the thyristor, which are designed for these high currents and thus are not destroyed.
  • the parallel path has a greater conductivity in the forward direction of the diode and / or the thyristor than the path bridged by it, including the second switching direction group. According to this further development, it is ensured that the short-circuit current is not conducted via the freewheeling diodes of the second switching direction group due to a possibly lower ohmic resistance. In other words, the power semiconductors of the parallel path have a higher conductivity than the freewheeling diodes of the second switching direction group.
  • the commutation means are arranged in the turn-off branch and set up to generate a circulating current which flows over the bridged section of the operating current path and the turn-off branch and which is opposite to the current in the mechanical switch.
  • the constant operating current can be conducted in a loss-free manner over the operating path in normal operation, in which only a low-impedance mechanical switch is arranged.
  • Power electronic auxiliary switches in the operating current path with high losses in the wake have become superfluous.
  • the arranged in Abschaltzweig commutation are, for example, part of the power switching unit of the second switching direction group and therefore protected by the protective means from excessive currents.
  • the commutation means are designed for the maximum fault current and expediently arranged in the first switching direction group. After commutation of the current, the mechanical switch is opened. As soon as it provides sufficient dielectric strength, the commutation means can be used to switch off the currents flowing via the turn-off branch.
  • the commutation means are preferably two-pole submodules which are connected in series with one another in the turn-off branch, for example as part of the first switching direction group.
  • each submodule has an energy store, such as a capacitor, to which a power semiconductor circuit is connected in parallel.
  • These submodules can form, for example, a half or full bridge circuit.
  • the inverse energy storage voltage can then also be generated. In this way, circulating currents can be generated which flow in both directions in said mesh.
  • commutation in the form of a power electronic auxiliary switch in the operating current path.
  • the power electronic auxiliary switch for example, an IGBT with opposite parallel freewheeling diode.
  • the submodules of the power switching unit at least partially each have a power semiconductor switch which can be switched on and off and a freewheeling diode connected in parallel in opposite directions.
  • Such submodules do not serve as commutation means.
  • an oppositely parallel freewheeling diode and backward conductive power semiconductor switches can be used.
  • the two-pole submodules are arranged in series, wherein the freewheeling diodes can only conduct the current flowing through the turn-off branch in one direction. The currents can only be switched off in the forward direction of the respective power semiconductor switch.
  • the submodules are arranged antiserially, so that two switching direction groups are formed.
  • the submodules of the power switching unit each have at least partially an energy store and a parallel connected to the energy storage series circuit of two switched on and off power semiconductor switches with oppositely arranged parallel thereto freewheeling diodes, wherein a submodule connection terminal with a potential point between the on and off power semiconductor switches and the other terminal are connected to a pole of the energy storage.
  • Such submodules form a so-called half-bridge circuit.
  • Submodules with a half-bridge circuit can be used with appropriate orientation as a commutating means, as already stated above.
  • the submodules of the power switching unit at least partially an energy storage and two parallel connected to the energy storage series circuits with two switched on and off power semiconductor switches with oppositely parallel freewheeling diode, a first terminal with the potential point between the two power semiconductor switches of the first Series connection and a second submodule connection terminal is connected to the potential point between the two power semiconductor switches of the second series circuit.
  • the power switching unit comprises at least partially submodules with full bridge circuit.
  • Such submodules can carry and switch currents in both directions. They are also able to generate voltages in the loop formed by Abschaltzweig and operating current path, which provide in said mesh a circular current for commutating the currents from the operating current path in the Abschaltzweig.
  • each submodule is connected to one another via a diode or a thyristor.
  • the diode or the thyristor therefore allows bridging of the submodule and thus constitute protection means integrated in the submodules.
  • the power switching unit has varistors and / or arresters connected in parallel with at least one submodule.
  • the varistors and / or arresters are at least partially connected in parallel to an energy store.
  • a charging branch is expediently provided which is connected either to a ground potential or to an opposite pole polarized opposite to the pole.
  • the charging branch is connected at its end facing away from the opposite pole or ground potential to the turn-off branch.
  • an ohmic resistance is arranged in the charging branch.
  • FIG. 1 shows a DC circuit breaker 1 already described, which has a first terminal 2 and a second terminal 3, with which the DC voltage circuit breaker 1 can be connected in series in a non-illustrated pole of a DC voltage network.
  • an operating current path 4 to which a turn-off branch 5 is connected in parallel extends.
  • a first branch point 6 and a second branch point 7 are formed.
  • a mechanical switch 8 is arranged in the operating current path 4.
  • the turn-off branch 5 has a power switching unit 9 with a first switching direction group 10 and a second switching direction group 11.
  • Each switching direction group 10, 11 has a series connection of two-pole submodules 12, of which only one is shown for each switching direction group 10 and 11.
  • Each submodule 12 has, for example, a power semiconductor switch 13 which can be switched on and off, to which a freewheeling diode 14 is connected in parallel in opposite directions.
  • Conversely not shown arrester are arranged parallel to the submodules 12, with which a stored energy in the network and released during switching energy can be reduced.
  • a short-circuit current now flows from the branching point 6 to the branching point 7 via the turn-off branch 5, this is conducted via the series-connected power semiconductor switches 13 of the first switching direction group 10 and via the series-connected freewheeling diodes 14 of the second switching direction group 11.
  • a current flow in this direction can only be switched off by the switching direction group 10.
  • the power semiconductor switch 13 of this group are transferred by a control signal in its blocking position.
  • a current flows from Branch point 7 via the Abschaltzweig 5 to the branching point 6 this is performed via the series-connected power semiconductor switch 13 of the second switching direction group 11 and the series-connected freewheeling diodes 14 of the first switching direction group 10.
  • a current in this direction can only be switched off by the second switching direction group.
  • the power semiconductor switches 13 of the second switching group 11 are transferred to their disconnected position.
  • commutating means include, for example, arranged in the operating current path auxiliary switch, which also forms two switching direction groups, so that its power semiconductor switch 13 block a current flow in both directions and thus provide for a commutation in the Abschalzweig.
  • the fast mechanical switch 8 can then be opened and then the current through the power switching unit 9 are turned off.
  • the commutation means can be arranged in the turn-off branch 5 and to generate this voltage, in which mesh formed from the operating current path 4 and the turn-off branch 5 is set up.
  • Two-pole submodules each having an energy store and a power semiconductor circuit, which preferably form a full bridge circuit with one another, serve to generate a voltage.
  • a zero voltage or the inverse energy storage voltage can now be generated.
  • a circulating current can be generated in the said mesh, which is opposite to the current flowing over the operating current path 4. It comes to commutation of the total current in the Abschaltzweig 5.
  • other not mentioned here commutation can be used.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the device 15 according to the invention, all the features of the DC power switch 1 according to FIG. 1 have, so that the comments made here apply as well, with the difference that the second switching direction group 11 is set up only for switching and guiding of load currents.
  • the first switching group 10 for example, a maximum withstand voltage, which corresponds to twice the rated voltage.
  • the maximum turn-off current of the first switching group 10 is for example eight times the rated current.
  • the second switching group 11, for example has a maximum withstand voltage, which corresponds to 1.2 times the rated voltage, the maximum cut-off current being equal to the rated current.
  • protection means are provided, which here comprise a parallel path 16 in which a mechanical switch 17 is arranged.
  • load currents can now be switched off and performed in both directions.
  • the load current is commutated into the turn-off branch 5 with the aid of the commutation means described above. If the load current flows from the terminal 3 to the terminal 2, it is switched off by the second switching group 11.
  • the first switching direction group 10 takes over the switching off of load currents flowing from the terminal 2 to the terminal 3.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of the device according to the invention
  • the in FIG. 2 shown embodiment corresponds to substantially, but in the parallel path 16 instead of a mechanical switch, a diode D 1 is arranged.
  • the diode D 1 has a forward direction, which is opposite to the switching direction of the second switching direction group 11.
  • the diode D 1 has the same forward direction as the series-connected freewheeling diodes 14 of the second switching direction group 11.
  • the diode D 1 has a greater conductivity than the series connection of the freewheeling diodes of the second switching direction group 11.
  • a single diode D 1 in the parallel path 16 or a single mechanical switch or a single thyristor will not be sufficient, so that a series circuit of such components in the parallel path 16 is arranged.
  • This series connection of thyristors can be integrated into the submodules of the second switching direction group 11, so that compact components are provided. This also reduces the insulation and design effort.
  • the submodules 12 of the power switching unit 9 are equipped with an energy store and a power semiconductor circuit, which together form a half or preferably a full bridge circuit.
  • Each submodule can be between its submodule connection terminals one each as in FIG. 3 have oriented diode or an equally oriented thyristor.
  • the protection means are integrated into the series-connected two-pole submodules of the second switching direction group 11.

Landscapes

  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Dispositif (15) pour faire passer des courants continus à un pôle d'un réseau de tension continue, comprenant
    - deux bornes (2, 3) entre lesquelles s'étend un trajet (4) de courant de fonctionnement ayant un interrupteur (8) mécanique,
    - qui peut être shunté par une branche (5) d'interruption,
    - dans lequel est montée une unité (9) de disjonction, qui a un circuit série de sous-modules (12) bipolaires, ayant au moins un interrupteur (13) à semi-conducteur de puissance pouvant être fermé et ouvert et
    - des moyens de commutation pour commuter le courant du trajet (4) de courant de fonctionnement à la branche (5) d'interruption,
    - dans lequel les sous-modules (12) de l'unité (9) de disjonction forment un premier et un deuxième groupes (10, 11) de sens de passage, qui sont conçus chacun pour interrompre des courants dans un sens de passage unidirectionnel, le sens de passage du premier groupe (10) de sens de passage étant contraire au sens de passage du deuxième groupe (11) de sens de passage,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le premier groupe (10) de sens de passage est conçu pour interrompre des courants de charge et de court-circuit et le deuxième groupe (11) de sens de passage est conçu exclusivement pour interrompre des courants de charge et il est prévu des moyens (16, 17, D1) de protection pour protéger le deuxième groupe (11) de sens de passage en cas de court-circuit.
  2. Dispositif (15) suivant la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les moyens de protection ont un trajet (16) en parallèle de shuntage du deuxième groupe (11) de sens de passage.
  3. Dispositif (15) suivant la revendication 2,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    un interrupteur (17) mécanique est monté dans le trajet (16) en parallèle.
  4. Dispositif (15) suivant la revendication 2,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    une diode (D1) et/ou un thyristor sont montés dans le trajet (16) en parallèle.
  5. Dispositif (15) suivant la revendication 4,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le trajet (16) en parallèle a une conductivité plus grande, dans le sens de passage de la diode (D1) et/ou du thyristor, que celle du trajet qu'il shunte, y compris le deuxième groupe (11) de sens de passage.
  6. Dispositif (15) suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les moyens de commutation sont montés dans la branche (5) d'interruption et sont conçus pour produire un courant circulaire, passant par le tronçon shunté du trajet (4) de courant de fonctionnement et la branche (5) d'interruption, et de sens contraire au courant dans l'interrupteur (8) mécanique.
  7. Dispositif (15) suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les sous-modules (12) de l'unité (9) de disjonction ont, au moins en partie, chacun un interrupteur (13) à semi-conducteur de puissance, pouvant être fermé et ouvert, et une diode (14) de roue libre, y étant monté tête-bêche en parallèle.
  8. Dispositif (15) suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les sous-modules (12) de l'unité (9) de disjonction ont, au moins en partie, chacun un accumulateur d'énergie et un circuit série, monté en parallèle à l'accumulateur d'énergie et composé de deux interrupteurs (13) à semi-conducteur de puissance, pouvant être fermés et ouverts, et ayant des diodes (14) de roue libre, qui y sont montées tête-bêche en parallèle, une borne de sous-module étant reliée à un point de potentiel entre les interrupteurs (13) à semi-conducteur de puissance pouvant être fermés et ouverts et l'autre borne de sous-module étant reliée à un pôle de l'accumulateur d'énergie.
  9. Dispositif (15) suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les sous-modules (12) de l'unité (9) de disjonction ont, au moins en partie, un accumulateur d'énergie et deux circuits série montés en parallèle à l'accumulateur d'énergie et ayant chacun deux interrupteurs (13) à semi-conducteur de puissance pouvant être fermés et ouverts et ayant des diodes (14) de roue libre tête-bêche en parallèle, une première borne de sous-module étant reliée au point de potentiel entre les deux interrupteurs (13) à semi-conducteur de puissance du premier circuit série et une deuxième borne de sous-module étant reliée au point de potentiel entre les deux interrupteurs (13) à semi-conducteur de puissance du deuxième circuit série.
  10. Dispositif (15) suivant la revendication 8 ou 9,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les bornes de chaque sous-module (12) peuvent être reliées entre elles par un thyristor et/ou par une diode.
  11. Dispositif (15) suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'unité (9) de disjonction comprend des varistances et/ou des parafoudres suivant un circuit en parallèle à au moins un sous-module (12).
  12. Dispositif (15) suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé par
    une branche de charge reliée à un potentiel de terre ou à un pôle antagoniste de polarisation opposée au pôle.
  13. Dispositif (15) suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    un résistance ohmique est montée dans la branche de charge.
EP12808730.1A 2012-12-07 2012-12-07 Disjoncteur de courant continu Active EP2904625B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL12808730T PL2904625T3 (pl) 2012-12-07 2012-12-07 Wyłącznik napięcia stałego

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2012/074833 WO2014086432A1 (fr) 2012-12-07 2012-12-07 Disjoncteur à haute tension continue

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2904625A1 EP2904625A1 (fr) 2015-08-12
EP2904625B1 true EP2904625B1 (fr) 2018-03-21

Family

ID=47469912

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12808730.1A Active EP2904625B1 (fr) 2012-12-07 2012-12-07 Disjoncteur de courant continu

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2904625B1 (fr)
PL (1) PL2904625T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014086432A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3367567A1 (fr) * 2017-02-28 2018-08-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de commutation destiné à séparer un chemin de courant
DE102018203487B4 (de) * 2018-03-08 2022-06-23 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Fahrzeugbordnetz
WO2020156688A1 (fr) * 2019-01-31 2020-08-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Relier une charge à un réseau à courant continu
DE102019203977B4 (de) * 2019-03-22 2020-12-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schutzschalteinrichtung für Gleichspannung und Gleichspannungsabzweig mit Schutzschalteinrichtung

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2780946C (fr) 2009-11-16 2016-05-10 Abb Technology Ag Dispositif et procede d'interruption du courant d'une ligne de transport ou de distribution d'electricite et dispositif de limitation de courant
PT2532081E (pt) * 2010-02-03 2014-07-11 Abb Technology Ag Módulo de comutação para limitar e/ou quebrar a corrente de uma linha de energia elétrica
DE102010007452A1 (de) * 2010-02-10 2011-08-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft, 80333 Schaltentlastung für einen Trennschalter
DE202012100024U1 (de) * 2012-01-04 2012-04-02 Abb Technology Ag HVDC- HYBRID- Leistungsschalter mit Schutzbeschaltung

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EP2904625A1 (fr) 2015-08-12
WO2014086432A1 (fr) 2014-06-12
PL2904625T3 (pl) 2018-08-31

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