Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F02K1/00—Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto
  • F02K1/54—Nozzles having means for reversing jet thrust
  • F02K1/76—Control or regulation of thrust reversers
  • F02K1/766—Control or regulation of thrust reversers with blocking systems or locking devices; Arrangement of locking devices for thrust reversers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16H—GEARING
  • F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
  • F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
  • F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
  • F16H25/2015—Means specially adapted for stopping actuators in the end position; Position sensing means
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16H—GEARING
  • F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
  • F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
  • F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
  • F16H25/24—Elements essential to such mechanisms, e.g. screws, nuts
  • F16H25/2454—Brakes; Rotational locks
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
  • Y10T74/18—Mechanical movements
  • Y10T74/18568—Reciprocating or oscillating to or from alternating rotary
  • Y10T74/18576—Reciprocating or oscillating to or from alternating rotary including screw and nut
  • Y10T74/18688—Limit stop
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
  • Y10T74/20—Control lever and linkage systems
  • Y10T74/20576—Elements
  • Y10T74/20636—Detents

Definitions

• the invention relates to an actuating device, and in particular a device for actuating a thrust reversal system and / or an air flow control system for a propulsion system of an airplane. . STATE OF THE ART
• Aircraft propulsion units generally comprise a jet engine attached to a wing or fuselage of the aircraft and a nacelle attached to both the wing or the fuselage and the turbojet engine.
• the turbojet engine includes a compressor, a combustion chamber, a high pressure turbine for driving the compressor and a low pressure turbine for rotating a fan.
• the fan makes it possible to accelerate a flow of cold air circulating in an annular duct defined between the turbojet engine and the nacelle, to generate the thrust required for the propulsion of the aircraft.
• Aircraft propulsion units generally include a thrust reverse system (TRAS) (Thrust Reverse Actuation System) for reversing the thrust in the landing phases to improve the braking capability of the aircraft .
• TRAS thrust reverse system
• Such a system comprises a set of movable covers actuated by associated jacks for temporarily blocking the annular duct and deflect the flow of cold air to the front of the nacelle, thereby generating a counter-thrust that comes s add to the braking of the wheels.
• the platform In the case of a thrust reverser system called "doors", the platform is equipped with movable covers (called “doors”) which pivot relative to the structure of the platform between a retracted position in which they allow a circulation of the air flow in the duct towards the rear of the nacelle and an extended position in which the flaps block the flow of air and reorient it towards the front of the nacelle.
• doors movable covers
• the platform is equipped with movable covers that slide relative to the structure of the platform along rails between a retracted position in which they allow a circulation of the cold air flow in the duct towards the rear of the nacelle and a deployed position in which they discover deflection vane grids arranged in the thickness of the nacelle and block the flow of air cold in the annular conduit through flaps whose actuation is related to the movement of the covers.
• the movable covers are actuated by a set of dedicated jacks.
• a synchronization of the movement of the cylinders is ensured by a system comprising flexible shafts for mechanically connecting the cylinders to each other.
• the thrust reversal systems necessarily include several locking devices to prevent inadvertent deployment of the hoods in phase of flight.
• certain locking systems called “primary” or PLS ("Primary Lock System") act on the flexible shaft to lock the flexible shaft in rotation.
• the propulsion systems may also include an air flow control system or VFN ("Variable Fan Nozzle").
• VFN Very Fan Nozzle
• Such a system makes it possible to regulate the flow of cold air flowing in the annular duct as a function of the speed of the aircraft.
• Such a system generally comprises movable flaps actuated by cylinders to vary the section of the circulation duct.
• An object of the invention is to reduce the size of the equipment associated with the propulsion systems.
• an actuating device comprising: - a first element
• a locking device comprising a locking latch movable between an extended position and a retracted position, the latch being positioned relative to the first element so that when the latch is in the extended position, the latch allows a displacement of the second element relative to to the first member in a first range of motion and prohibits movement of the second member relative to the first member in a second range of motion, and when the latch is in the retracted position, the latch allows movement of the second member relative to the first member in the second moving range.
• actuating device it is possible to design a propulsion assembly in which the same actuating device can operate both the TRAS system and the VFN system.
• actuating device having a stroke having a first deployment range (for example between 0 and about 200 millimeters) in which the actuator actuates the VFN system and a second deployment range. (For example between about 200 millimeters and 740 millimeters) in which the actuating device actuates the TRAS system.
• first deployment range for example between 0 and about 200 millimeters
• second deployment range for example between about 200 millimeters and 740 millimeters
• the locking device allows a movement of the actuating device in the first range while preventing a movement of the actuating device in the second range, thus avoiding inadvertent deployment of the TRAS system.
• the first element is a shaft and the second element is a nut movable in translation along the shaft, a rotation of the shaft relative to the nut causing a translation of the nut along the shaft, the latch comprises an abutment surface against which the second element is able to come into axial abutment along an axis of translation of the second element,
• the actuating device comprises a frame and the locking device comprises a ring rotatably mounted relative to the frame, the ring cooperating with the latch so that a rotation of the ring relative to the frame causes a displacement of the latch between the retracted position and the deployed position,
• the ring and the latch comprise a ramp and a pin capable of sliding along the ramp during the rotation of the ring,
• the locking device comprises an electromagnet, the electromagnet being able to be powered to drive the ring in rotation,
• the electromagnet surrounds the ring
• the locking device comprises a locking limiter adapted to prevent rotation of the ring once the latch has been retracted
• the locking limiter comprises a movable finger between a disengaged position in which the finger allows a rotation of the ring and an engaged position in which the finger prevents rotation of the ring,
• the finger is movable in translation along an axis parallel to the axis of translation of the second element
• the finger comprises an enlarged part adapted to be received in a housing formed in the ring when the finger is in the engaged position to prevent rotation of the ring,
• the finger comprises a thinned portion adapted to slide in a groove in the ring when the finger is in the disengaged position to allow the rotation of the ring,
• the locking limiter also comprises a first lever adapted to be biased by the second member during a translation of the second member to move the movable finger in the engaged position when the actuating device is deployed, -
• the locking limiter also comprises a second lever adapted to be biased by the second member during a translation of the second member to move the movable finger in the disengaged position when the actuating device is retracted,
• the device comprises a plurality of latches, distributed around the axis of translation of the second element,
• the device comprises a frame comprising a cylindrical inner wall defining a duct in which the second member moves, the cylindrical wall comprising an orifice through which the locking latch protrudes when the latch is in the extended position so as to make obstacle to moving the second element,
• the second element is movable relative to the first element between a retracted extreme position and an extended end position, the first displacement range being defined between the retracted end position and an intermediate position, the latch preventing a translation of the second element to beyond the intermediate position, and the second range of displacement is defined between the intermediate position and the deployed extreme position.
• the invention also relates to a propulsion assembly comprising:
• FIG. 1 schematically represents an actuating device according to an embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 2 schematically represents, in longitudinal section, the locking device
• FIG. 3 to 5 show, in a schematic manner, in cross section, the locking device, respectively in the locked position, in the intermediate position and in the unlocked position,
• FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate the passage of the nut beyond the locking latches
• FIG. 8 schematically represents the ring and the movable finger of the locking device
• Figure 1 schematically shows an actuating device 1 according to one embodiment of the invention.
• the actuating device 1 generally comprises an electric motor 2, a gearbox 3, a gimbal 4, an intermediate tube 5, a primary locking device (Primary Lock System) 6, a drive shaft 7, a nut 8 and an actuating tube 9.
• Primary Lock System Primary Lock System
• the gearbox 3 is connected at the input to an output shaft of the electric motor 2 and at the output to the drive shaft 7 of the actuating device 1.
• the electric motor 2 rotates the drive shaft 7 via the gearbox 3.
• the electric motor is driven by a control unit and is adapted to drive the shaft 7 in rotation selectively in a first direction of rotation and in a second direction of rotation, opposite the first direction.
• the reducer 3 further comprises an inlet 34 intended to be connected to a flexible shaft for the synchronization of the device 1 with other identical actuators arranged around the nacelle.
• the intermediate tube 5 is connected to a frame of the gearbox 3 via the universal joint 4.
• the drive shaft 7 is rotatably mounted relative to a frame on which are fixed the electric motor 2 and the gear 3, about a longitudinal axis of rotation X coincides with a translation axis of the actuating tube (which is also the axis of deployment of the actuator).
• the drive shaft 7 is a threaded shaft having an outer cylindrical surface in which is formed a helical groove.
• the drive shaft 7 extends from the gearbox 3, inside the intermediate tube 5 and through the primary locking device 6.
• the intermediate tube 5 surrounds the drive shaft 7 and extends between the cardan 4 and the locking device 6.
• the locking device 6 is fixed on the intermediate tube 5 at one end thereof.
• the nut 8 is mounted around the drive shaft 7.
• the nut 8 is mounted to move in translation along the drive shaft 7.
• the nut 8 comprises an inner surface in which is formed a groove helical, adapted to cooperate with the helical groove of the drive shaft 7 so that a rotation of the drive shaft 7 relative to the nut 8 concomitantly causes a translation of the nut 8 along the the drive shaft 7, in a direction of translation parallel to the axis of rotation X of the drive shaft 7.
• the actuating tube 9 has a first end 10 connected to the nut 8 and a second free end 1 1 intended to be connected via a ball joint 12 to a moving part of the nacelle (flap or cowl) controlling the actuation of a system for regulating the air flow and a thrust reversal system.
• the actuating tube 9 is mounted integral with the nut 8.
• FIG. 2 schematically represents, in longitudinal section, the primary locking device 6.
• the locking device 6 comprises a frame 13, an electromagnet 14, a ring 15, two ball bearings 16 and 17, locking latches 18 to 20, and a locking limiter 21, the locking limiter 21 including a movable finger 22, a first lever 23 and a second lever 24.
• the frame 13 comprises an internal cylindrical wall 25 surrounding the drive shaft 7 and defining a channel 26 for the passage of the nut 8, an outer cylindrical wall 27 and a transverse wall 31 connecting the inner wall 25 and the outer wall 27.
• the inner wall 25 has a plurality of orifices 28 to 30, through which the locking latches 18 to 20 can protrude into the channel 26 to prevent the displacement of the nut 8.
• the electromagnet 14 has an annular shape.
• the electromagnet 14 is mounted integral with the frame 13. More specifically, the electromagnet 14 is mounted integral with the outer wall 27 and extends around the inner wall 25.
• the ring 15 extends around the inner wall 25 of the frame 13. More specifically, the ring 15 is arranged between the inner wall 25 and the electromagnet 14.
• the ring 15 is rotatably mounted relative to the frame 13 via ball bearings 16 and 17 and is adapted to be rotated relative to the frame 13 about the axis of rotation X of the drive shaft 7 under the effect of a magnetic field generated by the electromagnet 14.
• the latches 18 to 20 are pivotally mounted on the transverse wall 31 of the frame 13.
• the latches 18 to 20 are distributed around the axis of rotation X of the drive shaft 7, with a constant angular spacing between two successive latches .
• Each latch 18 to 20 is pivotally mounted about a respective axis 38 to 40.
• the axes of rotation 38 to 40 of the latches are positioned at a distance and parallel to the axis of rotation X of the drive shaft 7.
• Each latch 18 to 20 is movable between a retracted position in which the latch allows the passage of the nut 8 and a extended position in which the latch extends through an associated port 28 to 30 of the inner wall 25 and protrudes into the channel 26.
• Each latch 18 to 20 has an abutment surface 58 to 60 extending in a transverse plane to the direction X of translation of the nut 8 against which the nut 8 is capable of coming into abutment in case of displacement of the nut out of the permitted range of displacement. In the deployed position, the latches 18 to 20 thus prevent the displacement of the nut 8 beyond the abutment surfaces 58 to 60 of the catches 18 to 20.
• the movable finger 22 is mounted free in translation relative to the frame 13 in a direction of translation parallel to the axis of rotation X of the drive shaft 7.
• the finger 22 extends both into a hole 32 provided in the transverse wall 31 of the frame 13 and in a slot 33 formed in the rotary ring 15.
• the finger 22 has a thinned portion 53 and an enlarged portion 54 forming a shoulder 55.
• the first lever 23 and the second lever 24 are mounted free to rotate relative to the frame 13 along an axis of rotation perpendicular to the translation direction X of the nut 8.
• the levers 23 and 24 are arranged on either side the movable finger 22, so that each lever 23, 24 is able to urge the movable finger 22 respectively in a first direction parallel to the axis X and in a second direction, opposite to the first direction, to move the movable finger 22 respectively in the first sense and in the second sense.
• Each lever 23, 24 has an end 36, 37 extending in the channel 26 over the passage of the nut 8.
• Figures 3 to 5 show schematically in cross section the primary locking device 6 in different configurations corresponding to different positions of the rotating ring 15.
• the latches 18 to 20 are identical to each other and are distributed around the translation axis X of the nut 8, with a constant angular spacing between two latches successive. Specifically, the latches 18 to 20 are three in number and their axes of rotation 38 to 40 are spaced 120 degrees between them. Each latch 18 to 20 comprises an arm 48 to 50 rotatably mounted on the frame 13 about a respective axis of rotation 38 to 40 and a locking tooth 68 to 70 extending at a free end of the arm. In addition, each latch 18 to 20 comprises a guide pin 78 to 80 arranged at a distance from the axis of rotation of the latch.
• Rotating ring 15 comprises a plurality of arcuate elongate slots 41 to 43.
• Each lumen 41 to 43 receives a guide pin 78 to 80 respectively slidable in the light.
• the slots 41 to 43 each extend between a first end closer to the axis of rotation X of the drive shaft and a second end further from the axis of rotation X than the first end, thereby defining guide rails for the pins 78 to 80.
• the pins 78 to 80 and the ramps 41 to 43 cooperate with each other so that a rotation of the ring 15 relative to the frame 13 about the axis of rotation X causes a rotation each latch 18 to 20 relative to the frame 13 about its respective axis of rotation 38 to 40 as illustrated in Figures 3 to 5.
• the rotating ring 15 also comprises an additional slot 33 receiving the movable finger 22.
• the movable finger 22 is able to slide in the light during the rotation of the ring 15 to allow rotation of the ring.
• the locking latches 18 to 20 are in the retracted position. In this position, the teeth 68 to 70 are fully spaced from the deployment axis X and release the passage of the nut 8 through the channel 26. Each pin 78 to 80 abuts against the second end of the light 41 to 43 associated. In Figure 4, the locking latches 18 to 20 are in an intermediate position between the deployed position and the retracted position. Each pin 78 to 80 is halfway between the ends of the corresponding light 41 to 43.
• Figures 6 and 7 illustrate the passage of the nut 8 beyond the locking latches 18 to 20.
• the nut 8 meets first in its path the first lever 23. During its movement, the nut 8 pushes the end 36 of the first lever 23, which has the effect of driving the first lever 23 in rotation.
• the rotating ring 15 comprises a housing 45 arranged at one end of the slot 33.
• the finger 22 is pushed into the housing 45 by the second lever 24 of so that the enlarged portion 54 of the finger 22 is received in the housing 45 and prevents rotation of the ring 15. In this position, the locking device 6 is thus maintained in unlocked configuration.
• the locking device 6 is initially in locked configuration.
• the latches 18 to 20 are in the extended position so that the nut 8 can be moved in translation only over a restricted range, this range being limited by the position of the locking latches 18 to 20.
• the device 1 actuates only the air flow control system (VFN system).
• VFN system air flow control system
• TRAS thrust reversal system
• a control system triggers the supply of the electromagnet 14, which has the effect of driving the ring 15 in rotation relative to the frame 13 around the axis of rotation X of the drive shaft 7.
• the rotation of the ring 15 relative to the frame 13 causes a retraction of the latches 18 to 20, so as to allow the displacement of the nut 8 in a a range extending beyond latches 18 to 20, wherein the actuating device controls the thrust reversal system.
• control system triggers the power supply of the electric motor 2 in order to rotate the drive shaft 7 in a first direction of rotation.
• the rotation of the drive shaft 7 relative to the nut 8 causes a translation of the nut 8 along the drive shaft 7 in the deployment direction of the actuating device.
• the nut 8 actuates the second lever, which has the effect of moving the movable finger 22 in the engaged position so as to prevent any rotation of the ring 15.
• the device locking 6 is thus maintained in unlocked configuration as the reverse thrust system is not fully retracted.
• the pilot controls the retraction of the thrust reversal system.
• the control system triggers the supply of the electric motor 2 in order to drive the drive shaft 7 in rotation in a second direction of rotation, opposite to the first direction of rotation.
• the rotation of the drive shaft 7 relative to the nut 8 causes a translation of the nut 8 along the drive shaft 7 in the retraction direction of the actuating device.
• the nut 8 actuates the first lever, which has the effect of moving the movable finger 22 in the disengaged position, out of the housing 45, so as to allow a rotation of the ring 15.
• the ring 15 is moved in rotation relative to the frame 13 about the axis of rotation of the drive shaft 7 under the effect of a return member (for example a spring).
• the rotation of the ring 15 with respect to frame 13 causes a deployment of latches 18 to 20, so as to restrict the displacement of the nut 8 in a range in which the actuating device controls only the flow control system, this range being delimited by the position of the latches 18 to 20.
• Figure 9 schematically shows different operating ranges of the actuating device.
• the nut 8 is movable relative to the drive shaft 7 between an extreme retracted position and an extended extended position.
• the displacement of the nut 8 from the retracted end position to the extended end position causes the actuating device to lengthen along the axis of deployment of the actuating device, that is to say the X axis.
• the first range A of displacement of the nut along the drive shaft is delimited by the position L of the locking latches.
• the displacement of the nut in this first range has the effect of actuating the air flow control system (VFN).
• This first range A corresponds to a deployment of the actuating device comprised for example between 0 and about 200 millimeters.
• the second range B of displacement of the nut along the drive shaft can be reached by the nut only when the locking latches are in the retracted position, so that the nut can be moved beyond from the L position of the latches.
• This second range B corresponds to a deployment of the actuating device comprised for example between about 200 millimeters and about 740 millimeters.
• the second range B is divided into two sub-ranges B1 and B2.
• the displacement of the nut sub-range B2 has the effect of actuating the reverse thrust system (TRAS).
• the sub-range B1 constitutes a transition sub-range between the actuation of the VFN system and that of the TRAS system.
• the proposed actuation device 1 includes a locking device 6 making it possible to prevent the unwanted actuation of the thrust reversal system during the flight phases while allowing the control system to be actuated. of the air flow.
• the locking device 6 can not be unlocked so that the reverse thrust system can not be deployed.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
• Transmission Devices (AREA)

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• 2012
  • 2012-10-08 FR FR1259558A patent/FR2996602B1/fr active Active
• 2013
  • 2013-10-08 US US14/434,334 patent/US9885316B2/en active Active
  • 2013-10-08 WO PCT/EP2013/070946 patent/WO2014056913A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2013-10-08 BR BR112015007630A patent/BR112015007630A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2013-10-08 CN CN201380062924.8A patent/CN104838125B/zh active Active
  • 2013-10-08 EP EP13773784.7A patent/EP2904249A1/fr not_active Withdrawn

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