Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
  • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
  • A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
  • A01N47/22—O-Aryl or S-Aryl esters thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N53/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing cyclopropane carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
  • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an insecticidal aerosol, comprising several insecticidally active substances.
• the present invention relates to an insecticidal aerosol for combatting mosquitoes transmitting malaria.
• Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease of humans and other animals, caused by a mosquito parasite of the genus Plasmodium.
• the disease is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions in a broad band around the equator, including much of Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and America. It is known that five species of Plasmodium can infect and be transmitted by humans, where the vast majority of deaths are caused by Plasmodium falciparum.
• the mosquitos hosting this parasite frequently belong to the genus Anopheles or Culex.
• Examples for hosts for malaria parasites are Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles arabiensis or Culex quinquefasciatus.
• an insecticidal composition being more effective to combat insect pests, in particular malaria transmitting mosquitoes, than the compositions presently used.
• an insecticidal aerosol comprising:
• the insecticidal aerosol comprises:
• 0.1 - 0.4 % by weight preferably 0.15 - 0.3 % by weight of alpha cypermethrin, and/or 0.1 - 0.25 % by weight, preferably 0.15 - 0.25 % by weight of permethrin, and/or
• Alpha cypermethrin (normally a racemic mixture of (S)-a-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-(lR,3R)-3- (2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-carboxylate and (R)-a-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl- (lS,3S)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-carboxylate), permethrin (normally a mixture of the IRS, 3RS (cis) and IRS, 3SR (trans) diastereomers of 3-phenoxybenzyl-3-(2,2- dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-carboxylate) and tetramethrin (normally a racemic mixture of [(l,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-l,3-dioxo-2H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl 2,2-d
• insecticides and piperonyl butoxide in form of an aerosol showed an improved synergistic effect, compared to the single substances.
• Piperonyl butoxide is used as an additive, known to improve the activity of pyrethroid insecticides. However, it is also known to be active against ants.
• the aerosol comprises in addition 0.2 - 0.6 % by weight, preferably 0.3 - 0.5 % by weight of a carbamate insecticide, in particular of bendiocarb.
• bendiocarb (2,2-dimethyl-l,3-benzodioxol-4-yl-N- methylcarbamate) led to an unexpected improvement of the efficacy of the insecticide mixture of the three pyrethroids described before.
• the aerosol comprising bendiocarb showed an improved effect being active against a broader range of insects, for example an improved activity with regard to cockroaches. Due to this fact, the aerosol comprising bendiocarb can be used worldwide and not only in restricted local regions. Furthermore, the aerosol comprising bendiocarb proved to be very stable.
• bendiocarb containing insecticides can also be used in central regions, far away from the coast, where resistances are generally more present than in coastal regions.
• the solvent is preferably a hydrocarbon solvent or a mixture of hydrocarbon solvents selected from ethanol, crude oil, petroleum, acetone and mixtures thereof.
• water may be used as a solvent.
• the propellant may be selected from the group consisting of propane, butane, and mixtures thereof.
• a preferred mixing ratio of propane and butane is 70% by weight of propane and 30% by weight of butane.
• the inventive aerosol comprises about 50 % by weight of one or more propellants, in particular of propane and butane.
• a fragrance or perfume as for example jasmine flavor may be added.
• a particularly preferred insecticidal aerosol according to the present invention comprises: about 0.2 % by weight of alpha cypermethrin,
• Another even more preferred inventive insecticidal aerosol comprises: about 0.25 % by weight of alpha cypermethrin,
• 48 - 52 % by weight preferably 48.3 % by weight of ethanol, 48 - 52 % by weight, preferably 50 % by weight of propane and butane, and 0 - 0.2 % by weight, preferably 0.2 % by weight of a fragrance.
• the aerosols according to the present invention are preferably contained in spray cans, particularly preferred in spray cans of normal household size of 100 to 500 ml, for example 300 ml. This leads to the advantage that the present aerosols can be used by everybody, even by children, without specific training. No complicated equipment is needed as for known insecticides as for example Fendona® marketed by BASF.
• the inventive aerosols may be used for combatting insect pests and parasites and all kinds of household insects.
• they are used for combatting mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches, bugs, lice, ants, and termites.
• inventive aerosols may be used for combatting mosquitoes transmitting malaria, preferably selected from the group consisting of Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles arabiensis and Culex quinquefasciatus.
• inventive aerosols also proved to be effective against tiger mosquitoes known to transmit dengue fever.
• IRS indoor residual spraying
• Anopheles are mosquitoes that breed in clear, unpolluted water. Therefore, they can proliferate only when their own natural breeding grounds are available (in rainy season) or in an anthropogenic breeding ground (with irrigation). They are rare in urban areas.
• C. quinquefasciatus is a mosquito that prefers polluted water. This is the mosquito found in towns and built-up areas where waste water is stagnant because of a poor drainage system.
• C. quinquefasciatus bite only at night (sunset to sunrise). This species is resistant to several insecticides, more so than Anopheles.
• N'Golonina was finally chosen as the location to capture the insects after surveys were carried out in several districts of Bamako (Quartier du Fleuve, N'Golonina, IPR of Katibougou annex at the shopping centre, Korofina industrial area, Sotuba), the court and offices of the National Center for Scientific and Technical Research (CNRST) and the Higher Institute of Training and Applied Research (ISFRA). Collection technique
• Mosquitoes were captured (one by one) in human landing collections using a test tube and in mosquito traps. The collecting session took place from 7 pm to 2 am on 22 June 2012.
• the housefly (Musca domestica) was caught. Origin
• the flies were captured specifically at the fresh fish retails points in the Medina Coura market. Here, fish are descaled and gutted outdoors in front of the shop. This attracts flies in large numbers.
• the flies were trapped in a widely opened cage that was placed over the flies while they were feeding. By tapping on the base, the flies start to fly and are trapped. The flies were caught in the morning between 8 am and 11 am on 20 June 2012.
• the cockroaches studied originate from the Quartier du Fleuve (Bamako) where poultry and rabbits are slaughtered and butchered before being sold. There is a pronounced state of Examlubrity here; the facilities lack structure and hygiene measures are inadequate. Old packaging (boxes, bags) stacked on top of each other are breeding grounds for cockroaches and other insects.
• the packaging harbouring the cockroaches is lifted carefully and shaken into a mosquito net bag.
• the bag is closed to contain the trapped insects.
• Tetramethrin 0.20% Collection and observation material
• the 45 cages that have been made are comprised of metal frames placed in white mosquito net bags. There are two types with different dimensions:
• the cages (frame and netting) were washed with soap and copious amounts of water to remove all traces of insecticides that could influence the results.
• Two mosquito traps consisting of a one-man mosquito net contained in a two-man mosquito net with a veranda. A person lying under the one-man mosquito net serves to attract the mosquitoes, but their access is blocked by the veranda; the mosquitoes are then trapped manually using a test tube.
• An aerosol is designed for use in a closed environment. To maintain scientific rigour, similar rooms were identified and booked in a small hotel in the Moribabougou area 10 km from Bamako which has rooms almost similar to those encountered in urban Mali.
• the rooms reserved had an internal volume of 48 m 3 , i.e. 4m x 4m x 3m.
• the experiment involved the following three treatments:
• Treatment 1 Aerosol insecticide according to the present invention (ARAGON); Treatment 2: control product, an approved aerosol insecticide; Treatment 3: absolute control
• the experiment was carried out in three stages which correspond to the three types of insects.
• the cages containing the insects were placed in three identical rooms of the hotel, with one room per treatment. Which room was used for each of the three treatments was chosen at random.
• the product was sprayed in a comprehensive manner; that is to say, the room was sprayed all over with one product.
• the windows were closed and the product was sprayed using continuous pressure for 20 s.
• the room was then closed for 30 min.
• the door and windows were reopened to ventilate the rooms, and the cages were then removed for observations to be made.
• Variables To collect data on the variables, a manual and visual count was conducted of the dead, dying and alive insects at different intervals: 30 min, 1 hour and 12 hours after exposure to the treatments. The variables are the number of insects dead, dying or alive.
• AraGon is better than the control product in the fight against cockroaches.
• the mortality rate observed in the absolute control (0%) confirms that the materials had no impact on mortality.
• the preferred aerosols described above are further tested against several insecticides available on the market. Preliminary results show that the inventive aerosols are more effective.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
• Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
• Plant Pathology (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Dentistry (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

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• 2012
  • 2012-09-14 EP EP12006450.6A patent/EP2708126A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2013
  • 2013-09-10 CN CN201380046057.9A patent/CN104619176A/zh active Pending
  • 2013-09-10 EP EP13774599.8A patent/EP2894989A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2013-09-10 WO PCT/EP2013/002703 patent/WO2014040720A1/en active Application Filing

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