Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
  • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
  • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
  • G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation

Definitions

• the present invention relates to secure documents.
• “Secure document” means a security or valuable document, such as a means of payment, for example a bank note, a check, a bank card or a restaurant ticket, an identity document, such as an identity card, a visa, a passport or a driving license, a lottery ticket, a ticket or a ticket for cultural or sporting events.
• the majority of security and reinforcement elements that can be reported on or introduced into the substrate are made from synthetic polymers derived from fossil petroleum resources (polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate, etc.).
• synthetic polymers derived from fossil petroleum resources polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate, etc.
• the addition of reinforcing elements, especially in the form of fibers or films, of synthetic polymers derived from fossil petroleum resources makes it possible to improve the mechanical properties of the final material, mainly the tear resistance (according to ISO 1974) and / or double-fold (according to ISO 5626).
• the elements of wire and film type are thus generally made based on polyethylene terephthalate for economic reasons and mechanical strength, especially in terms of elongation during their application.
• the reinforcing fibers are generally introduced at a rate of more than 3% by dry weight relative to the total mass by dry weight of the paper fibers and are most often based on synthetic polymers such as polyamide 6.6 (PA 6.6) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) for the mechanical strength that these polymers confer and for economic reasons, manufacturing and good interaction with the natural fibers of the paper.
• synthetic polymers such as polyamide 6.6 (PA 6.6) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) for the mechanical strength that these polymers confer and for economic reasons, manufacturing and good interaction with the natural fibers of the paper.
• certain grades of safety fibers are currently prepared from modified cellulosic polysaccharide-type artificial polymers. regenerated (cellulose acetate, viscose, rayon) derived from renewable plant resources, to promote uniformity with the natural fibers of cellulose forming the substrate. Such fibers are generally introduced in a proportion of less than 3%, preferably less than 2%, by dry weight relative to the total mass of the other fibers of the paper.
• artificial polymers it is necessary to understand the polymers obtained by chemical modification of a natural polymer, for example derived from plant materials, such as cellulose acetate, viscose or rayon in the case of a cellulosic polysaccharide.
• natural polymer is meant a polymer having a polymeric structure in the state in the medium of which it is extracted. Such polymers are not considered as synthetic polymers within the meaning of the present invention.
• the French request FR 2 932 804 discloses a polymer derived from acrolein comprising organic carbon from biomass. This polymer is used as a preservative or biocidal agent in ink, paper and textile applications.
• the patent GB 990 256 discloses a security document or token with radioactive markings that emit a predefined radiation level. The latter allows the activation of the systems by electronic circuits connected to the sensors.
• the object of the invention is therefore, according to a first of its aspects, a method for authenticating or identifying a secure document, this document comprising at least one security or reinforcement element comprising at least one synthetic hydrocarbon polymer derived from at least partially of plant resources, still referred to as a bio-sourced polymer, wherein the bio-sourced material content of the element and / or the document is analyzed and information about the identity or authenticity is generated in according to the comparison between the measured content and a reference value.
• the bio-sourced material of the element is analyzed.
• the content of the document in particular of a substrate of the document, or both, namely that of the element and that of the document, which is analyzed.
• synthetic hydrocarbon polymer derived at least partially from plant resources it is necessary to understand a polymer obtained by chemical synthesis from at least one monomer of vegetable origin, this monomer being obtainable from certain parts of the plants, by example by fermentation, mechanical extraction, chemical extraction, enzymatic treatment and / or catalyzed chemical reaction.
• bio-sourced material content is meant the content as determined according to ASTM D6866-11.
• the security element or reinforcement made from a bio-sourced polymer thus loaded with isotope 14 C can be used as a replacement for the same element made from a synthetic polymer derived from fossil petroleum resources thus devoid of 14 C isotope.
• the invention makes it possible to authenticate the document by means of the precise analysis of the rate of compounds derived from plant renewable resources present in the security and / or reinforcement elements carrying the 14 C isotope.
• bio-sourced synthetic polymer During the synthesis of the bio-sourced synthetic polymer (s), it is possible to use a greater or lesser proportion of plant-based compounds to replace the non-bio-sourced compounds, in order to bring about the level of materials of vegetable origin. at a value less than 100%, and make it easier to distinguish the bio-sourced synthetic polymer used in the invention from a material that would be entirely derived from plant resources.
• polymers are synthesized by reacting monomers, some of which are derived entirely from fossil resources and others from plant resources.
• the foregoing polymers are mixed with polymers derived from fossil resources and / or with other polymers derived from plant resources. Such mixtures are especially obtained by extrusion and pelletizing before the production of the security and reinforcement elements.
• These polymers are then used to make security or reinforcement elements, for example in the form of security threads, knitted structures, films and fibers, with a known content of bio-sourced material and can be used later to identify or authenticate the document or the security or reinforcement element.
• the document may include information related to a bio-sourced material content of the security or reinforcement element, or document.
• This information can be useful during the identification or authentication step by providing, for example, a reference value to which the result of the analysis is compared.
• the reference value can be stored in the document or stored at a remote site, access to the reference value being effected by means of information carried or stored on the document.
• Another subject of the invention is a security or reinforcing element that is suitable for implementing the method according to the invention above, intended to be incorporated into a substrate of a secure document.
• a security or reinforcing element that is suitable for implementing the method according to the invention above, intended to be incorporated into a substrate of a secure document.
• a fibrous substrate comprising a synthetic hydrocarbon polymer derived at least partially from plant resources, thus loaded with the 14 C isotope.
• the security element is preferably selected from a security thread, a secure knit structure, a security film or a security fiber.
• the reinforcing element is preferably chosen from reinforcing fibers and reinforcing films.
• the document may comprise a fibrous substrate comprising cellulosic fibers and safety fibers, the mass proportion of safety fibers being, for example, less than 10%, preferably less than 3% and more preferably less than 2%, by dry weight per relative to the total mass by dry weight of the other fibers of the substrate.
• the document may comprise a fibrous substrate comprising cellulosic fibers and reinforcing fibers, the proportion by weight of reinforcing fibers being between 3 and 35% by dry weight relative to the mass of the fibers of the substrate.
• bio-sourced material in the security or reinforcement element one can either synthesize polymers by reacting in a well-defined proportion of monomers, some of which are entirely from fossil resources and some from resources. plants, or to use polymer mixtures made from fossil resources and polymers derived from plant resources as indicated above.
• the security or reinforcement element may thus comprise a synthetic hydrocarbon polymer which is not entirely derived from plant resources, which can be demonstrated by comparing the measured content of bio-sourced material with that which would be expected in case use of fully bio-sourced synthetic polymers.
• the subject of the invention is therefore a security or reinforcing element that is suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention above, intended to be incorporated into a substrate of a secure document, in particular a substrate.
• fibrous material comprising a hydrocarbon-based synthetic polymer derived at least partially from vegetable resources, thus loaded with the 14 C isotope, such that the content of bio-sourced material of the security or reinforcing element is between 1 and 99%, preferably between 3 and 97%.
• the hydrocarbon polymer is preferably a polyamide, a polyethylene terephthalate, a polyethylene furonoate, a polybutylene succinate or a polyhydroxy alkanoate.
• the secure document comprises a substrate in which is integrated or on which is reported a security element or reinforcement according to the invention.
• This substrate may be fibrous, and comprise the fibers and adjuvants conventionally used in the papermaking field, in particular cellulose fibers.
• the substrate may comprise a mixture of long and short cellulosic fibers.
• the substrate may comprise one or more fibrous layers (also called jets) assembled after formation, especially in the wet phase.
• fibrous layers also called jets
• the substrate may comprise one or more safety structures obtained during manufacture, and the substrate may in particular comprise a fibrous layer carrying a watermark.
• the fibrous layer (s) of the substrate may be made on a flat-bed or round-shaped paper machine, and the watermark (s) may be made partly wet according to the conventional methods known to those skilled in the art.
• At least one fibrous layer of the substrate, or even the substrate itself, may have a basis weight (according to ISO 536) of between 60 and 120 g / m 2 , preferably between 70 and 90 g / m 2 .
• At least one fibrous layer of the substrate, or even the substrate itself, may have a thickness (according to ISO 534) of between 60 and 120 ⁇ m, preferably between 70 and 110 ⁇ m, for example about 100 ⁇ m.
• At least one fibrous layer of the substrate comprises a recess, for example a fiber-free opening in the form of a reserve, made for example on a paper machine or out of a paper machine. for example by reducing the dewatering, by punch, by laser cutting or by water jet.
• the recess or recesses present on at least one fibrous layer of the substrate may each have an area of between 0.1 and 10 cm 2 .
• the recess or recesses may have any geometric shape, in particular rectangular or circular.
• the security elements according to the invention can be detectable to the eye, in daylight or in artificial light, without the use of a particular apparatus.
• These security elements comprise, for example, fibers or colored boards, security threads ("security thread” in English) printed or metallized totally or partially. These security elements are called first level.
• security elements are detectable only with the aid of a relatively simple apparatus, such as a lamp emitting in the ultraviolet (UV) or infrared (IR).
• UV ultraviolet
• IR infrared
• These security elements comprise, for example, fibers, boards, strips, wires or particles.
• These security elements can be visible to the naked eye or not, being for example luminescent under a lighting a Wood lamp emitting at a wavelength of 365 nm.
• These security elements are said to be second level.
• security elements require for their detection a more sophisticated detection device.
• These security elements are for example capable of generating a specific signal when they are subjected, simultaneously or not, to one or more external excitation sources. The automatic detection of the signal makes it possible to authenticate, if necessary, the document.
• These security elements comprise, for example, tracers in the form of particles or fibers capable of generating a specific signal when these tracers are subjected to optronic, electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic excitation. These security elements are said to be third level.
• the security element or elements according to the invention comprising a synthetic hydrocarbon polymer derived at least partially from plant resources, thus loaded with the 14 C isotope, may have first, second or third level safety characteristics.
• Particularly preferred security elements according to the invention are a security thread, a security fiber, a board or a film.
• the security element may comprise a support, in particular transparent, made at least partially with a synthetic hydrocarbon polymer at least partially derived from plant resources.
• the element may comprise a metallization or demetallization, a luminescent compound, a magnetic device, an optically variable device, an RFID device, a micro lens array, an iridescent or interferential pigment, a thermochromic or photochromic compound or liquid crystals.
• the element may include a heat-activatable adhesive.
• a particularly preferred security element is a security thread.
• Such a yarn is conventionally introduced at least partially in mass into the substrate during manufacture thereof, and extends from one edge to the other of the secured document. It is for example introduced in mass or window.
• the width of the wire is for example between 2 and 10 mm and its thickness between 6 and 50 microns, preferably between 6 and 30 microns.
• the wire most often comprises a transparent support, preferably made of at least partially bio-sourced synthetic polymer, carrying information, for example a text or an image obtained by metallization / demetallization or printing, for example in positive writing or negative.
• a transparent support preferably made of at least partially bio-sourced synthetic polymer, carrying information, for example a text or an image obtained by metallization / demetallization or printing, for example in positive writing or negative.
• the at least partially bio-sourced hydrocarbon synthetic polymer used for producing the security thread is preferably chosen from polyethylene terephthalate-based polymers.
• the security thread may comprise metallization or demetallization, a luminescent compound, an optical device, an RFID device, a microlens array, an iridescent or interferential pigment, a thermochromic or photochromic compound or liquid crystals.
• the boards are flat and relatively small security elements, similar to confetti having various shapes, for example circular or hexagonal. They have a size of the order of 1 to 6 mm.
• the boards may in particular have one or more of the following optical surface effects: interferential effects such as iridescence or dichroism, effects associated with the reflection or polarization of the light, or even luminescent, and in particular fluorescent, effects. These effects can in particular be obtained by printing, flat areas and / or patterns, or inclusion of specific compounds.
• these boards may include authentication agents such as chemical reagents or liquid crystals, for example.
• These boards can be obtained from plastic sheets, in particular by stamping with a punch, punching pieces possibly arranged on metal rolls, by perforation by means of punches, pins or needles, by cutting made by means of a laser. They can also be made according to the patent application WO2005 / 077622 , by rotary cutting of sheets using a succession of synchronized cutting cylinders and having respective cutting threads which complement each other so as to form a figure corresponding to the shape of said boards.
• the boards can be introduced in sowing, for example as described in the application WO2005 / 003458 .
• a sheet is obtained in which said boards are randomly distributed.
• said boards are introduced in band by a jet disposed above the fibrous suspension dripping on the forming web of the paper machine.
• a jet disposed above the fibrous suspension dripping on the forming web of the paper machine.
• said boards are introduced in a strip by a feed duct opening into the form tank near the suction cylinder and before the start of the dewatering of the suspension fibrous.
• a secure knitted structure is introduced at least partially in mass into the substrate. Such a structure and its method of introduction into the substrate are described in the application EP1766138 .
• the secure knitted structure preferably comprises at least two yarns made of different materials.
• the secure knitted structure preferably has an elongation of between 1 and 5% in a predetermined direction.
• the secure knitted structure preferably comprises at least one plastic wire, at least partially bio-sourced, in particular polyamide, acrylic or polyester, and preferably polyamide or polyester.
• the secure knitted structure has for example a thickness less than 100 microns, especially less than 50 microns, and a width less than 50 mm, for example between 5 and 30 mm.
• the thickness of the film is preferably between 6 and 50 microns, preferably between 6 and 30 microns.
• the film can be hot rolled or cold rolled, or extruded onto a fibrous substrate.
• the film may also be obtained by applying a composition comprising the at least partially bio-sourced hydrocarbon synthetic polymer on the substrate.
• the film may carry security elements such as a hologram, luminescence, especially fluorescence (stokes, anti-stokes ...), markers, optically variable elements. These security elements can be introduced during or after the manufacture of the film.
• the at least partially bio-sourced hydrocarbon synthetic polymer used to produce the security film is preferably chosen from polyethylene terephthalate-based polymers.
• the security fibers are conventionally introduced into the substrate for the manufacture thereof.
• the security fibers are for example introduced at a level of less than 10%, preferably less than 3% and more preferably less than 2% by dry weight relative to the total mass by dry weight of the other fibers of the substrate.
• the length of the fibers is for example between 3 and 10 mm.
• the linear density of the fibers is between 1.5 and 33 dtex, preferably being greater than 3 dtex, and more preferably greater than 10 dtex.
• the at least partially bio-sourced hydrocarbon synthetic polymer used to make the security fibers is preferably chosen from polymers based on polyamide and / or polyethylene terephthalate.
• the fibers may carry security elements such as luminescence, in particular fluorescence (stokes, anti-stokes, etc.), markers, and optically variable elements. These safety elements can be introduced during or after the manufacture of the fibers.
• the secure document according to the invention may comprise one or more reinforcing elements based on synthetic polymer (s) hydrocarbon (s) bio-sourced (s).
• These reinforcing elements contribute to improving the resistance to tearing, or double fold.
• These reinforcing elements may be in the form of film or fibers.
• a reinforcing element may also be a security element, for a characteristic other than the presence of 14 C.
• the reinforcing element may be a synthetic hydrocarbon polymer film, at least partially bio-sourced.
• the secure document can be a personal data page of a passport or a card, and include such films on one side or on its opposite sides.
• the film may cover a fibrous substrate of the security document, for example being hot or cold rolled thereon, with or without the use of an additional additive.
• the thickness of the film is for example between 6 and 50 microns, preferably between 6 and 30 microns.
• the film may be in the form of a protective layer, for example a transparent polymer, for example in the form of a film or a pocket to be rolled, of thickness for example between 50 and 250 microns, to obtain for example a structure more resistant to wear and use.
• a protective layer for example a transparent polymer, for example in the form of a film or a pocket to be rolled, of thickness for example between 50 and 250 microns, to obtain for example a structure more resistant to wear and use.
• the film may be an at least partially bio-sourced hydrocarbon synthetic polymer chosen from polyolefins, for example polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyester, polycarbonate, polystyrene, cellulose ester, polysulfone or polyamide.
• polyolefins for example polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyester, polycarbonate, polystyrene, cellulose ester, polysulfone or polyamide.
• the film may be laminated to at least one fibrous layer of the structure, for example by means of an adhesive comprising, for example, polyethylene, polyester, polyester urethane, this adhesive having for example been coated, extruded or transferred to one side of the film.
• an adhesive comprising, for example, polyethylene, polyester, polyester urethane, this adhesive having for example been coated, extruded or transferred to one side of the film.
• the film may also be directly laminated by melting on at least one fibrous layer of the structure, for example according to the process described in the patent EP 1 556 228 .
• the film may carry security elements such as a hologram, luminescence, especially fluorescence (stokes, anti-stokes ...), markers, optically variable elements. These security elements can be introduced during or after the manufacture of the film.
• the secure document, and in particular the fibrous substrate may comprise reinforcing fibers made from a bio-sourced hydrocarbon synthetic polymer.
• the synthetic reinforcing fibers may be chosen from bio-sourced polyester fibers or bio-sourced polyamide fibers, and mixtures thereof.
• the reinforcing fibers are bio-sourced polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers, and are present in an amount by dry weight greater than 3%, preferably between 3 and 35% relative to in total of the fibers of the substrate.
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• the reinforcing fiber also has an authentication function.
• the reinforcing fiber may have luminescent properties, for example fluorescent.
• bio-sourced polyester fiber in particular bio-sourced polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which has a reactive compound (fluorescent for example) by grafting or by addition during the extrusion of the fiber.
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• the length of the reinforcing fibers is preferably between 4 and 6 mm, being preferably about 4 mm.
• the linear density of the fibers is preferably less than 3 dtex, preferably about 1.7 dtex.
• the tenacity of the fibers is preferably greater than 4 cN / dtex.
• the tear index, according to the ISO 1974 standard, of the substrate reinforced with the reinforcing fibers according to the invention may be greater than or equal to 10 mNm 2 / g.
• the rate of introduction into the paper is for example between 3 and 35% by dry weight relative to the total fibers of the substrate. It is preferably about 10%.
• the security or reinforcement element, or even the secure document itself, is analyzed by a destructive method to precisely quantify the content of bio-sourced material. This or a part of it suitable for analysis should be individualized for effective measurement.
• Example 1 Reinforcing fibers (length 4 mm and linear density 1.7 dtex) are made from polyAmide 11 bio-sourced by melt spinning.
• the melt spinning line makes it possible to produce filaments from polymer granules (pellets) and to treat them (sizing) in order to facilitate their handling and their cutting.
• the fibers thus obtained are introduced at 8% by weight relative to the cotton fibers.
• the bio-sourced content of the fibers is 99%. This content can be analyzed and compared to an expected reference value, when identifying or authenticating a document incorporating these fibers.
• Example 2 Reinforcing fibers (length 5 mm and linear density 1.7 dtex) in bio-sourced PA6.10 (30%) and bio-sourced PA10.10 (70%) are introduced at 10% by mass relative to the fibers of cotton.
• Example 3 Reinforcing fibers (linear density 6 mm 1.7 dtex) in bio-sourced PA12.10 (50%) and non-bio-sourced PA6.6 (50%) are introduced at 6% by weight relative to the fibers of cotton.
• Example 4 A reinforcing film of 6 ⁇ m thick is made of bio-sourced PET. The content of "bio-sourced” material is 100%.
• a reinforcement film 6 ⁇ m thick is made of bio-sourced PET (80%) and non-bio-sourced PET (20%). the content of bio-sourced material is 80%.
• UV fluorescent safety fibers (length 6 mm and linear density 17 dtex) are used in bio-sourced PET.
• the content of bio-sourced material is 98%.
• Example 7 Anti-stokes security fibers (length 3 mm and linear density dtex) are used in bio-sourced PET (80%) and non-bio-sourced PET (20%). The content of bio-sourced material is 78%.
• Example 2 the analysis of the bio-sourced content of the element can be carried out as in Example 1 and compared with the expected value, to conclude on the identity or authenticity of the element. document or substrate that includes this element.

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• 2012
  • 2012-09-03 FR FR1258180A patent/FR2995114B1/fr active Active
• 2013
  • 2013-08-29 WO PCT/IB2013/058116 patent/WO2014033658A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2013-08-29 ES ES13785642.3T patent/ES2609812T3/es active Active
  • 2013-08-29 PL PL13785642T patent/PL2893514T3/pl unknown
  • 2013-08-29 EP EP13785642.3A patent/EP2893514B1/fr active Active

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