EP2887455B1 - Antenne orientable - Google Patents

Antenne orientable Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2887455B1
EP2887455B1 EP14198496.3A EP14198496A EP2887455B1 EP 2887455 B1 EP2887455 B1 EP 2887455B1 EP 14198496 A EP14198496 A EP 14198496A EP 2887455 B1 EP2887455 B1 EP 2887455B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
motor
steerable antenna
support bracket
driven pulley
attached
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14198496.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2887455A1 (fr
Inventor
Massimo Coppola
Giuseppe Luigi Lutricusi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MBDA Italia SpA
Original Assignee
MBDA Italia SpA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2887455A1 publication Critical patent/EP2887455A1/fr
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Publication of EP2887455B1 publication Critical patent/EP2887455B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/02—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole
    • H01Q3/08—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole for varying two co-ordinates of the orientation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G7/00—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles
    • F41G7/20—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles based on continuous observation of target position
    • F41G7/22—Homing guidance systems
    • F41G7/2213—Homing guidance systems maintaining the axis of an orientable seeking head pointed at the target, e.g. target seeking gyro
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G7/00—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles
    • F41G7/20—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles based on continuous observation of target position
    • F41G7/22—Homing guidance systems
    • F41G7/2246—Active homing systems, i.e. comprising both a transmitter and a receiver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G7/00—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles
    • F41G7/20—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles based on continuous observation of target position
    • F41G7/22—Homing guidance systems
    • F41G7/2273—Homing guidance systems characterised by the type of waves
    • F41G7/2286—Homing guidance systems characterised by the type of waves using radio waves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/281—Nose antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays

Definitions

  • the present description refers to the technical sector of steerable antennas.
  • Steerable antennas have been known of for a long time comprising an orientable receiver and/or transmitter device of electromagnetic radiation, the pointing direction of which can be controlled by means of an electromechanical movement and support system which makes it possible to orient the orientable reception and/or transmission device in space, for example to widen the scanning angle of the antenna.
  • the orientable receiver and/or transmitter device of electromagnetic radiation is also referred to in general as payload.
  • the electromechanical movement and support system used is comparable to an altazimuth system and can be electronically controlled to enable the orientable reception and/or transmission device to rotate around two axes orthogonal to each other and to define a conical angle of aperture of the antenna beam.
  • the electromechanical movement and support system, or steering system must guarantee highly accurate pointing, must be able to impart relatively high accelerations to the orientable receiver and/or transmitter device of electromagnetic radiation and must ensure a conical angle of aperture of the antenna beam that is as wide as possible.
  • the electronic control system of the electromechanical movement and support system is generally developed on the basis of a theoretical mechanical behaviour of the electromechanical movement and support system and various sensors on board the steerable antenna, for example position, and/or speed and/or gyroscopic sensors associated with the electromechanical movement and support system are used to create a closed-loop control.
  • the result of the sensor reading is what is happening locally; it is therefore important that downstream of this reading there are no deformations or behaviours undetectable by the sensors which could lead to an incorrect command of the electromechanical movement and support system.
  • These deviations from the standard are generally commonly referred to by the term aberrations.
  • the sensors should be placed as close as possible to the orientable receiver and/or transmitter device of electromagnetic radiation so that the control system always knows precisely its real location. A position distant therefrom, with a series of mechanical intermediate controls will introduce mechanical aberrations due to the imprecision of the pairings, elastic deformations of the system due to external stresses and imprecision in the machining of mechanical parts.
  • the ideal solution would be that of being able to couple the sensors directly under the orientable receiver and/or transmitter device of electromagnetic radiation coupled to the latter with rigid connections, without intermediate mechanical controls. This solution however tends to limit the cone angle; and this all the more so the bigger the sensors (and motors) are.
  • wishing to favour the performance in terms of angular acceleration will penalise the performance in terms of amplitude of the cone angle; vice versa wishing to favour the latter will penalise the performance in terms of angular accelerations inasmuch as making it more appropriate to use smaller motors.
  • the prior art also comprises steerable antennas in which the electromechanical system for moving and supporting the payload comprises a base, a first motor (or external motor) attached to the base, a driven pulley, a belt transmission connecting the first motor to the driven pulley so that it can be rotated around a first rotation axis (or external axis), a second motor (or internal motor) attached to the driven pulley and supported by it and adapted to rotate the payload around a second rotation axis (or internal axis).
  • the two axes are uncoupled from each other: the movement of one does not affect the other; something hard to achieve with a system of connecting rods which are generally attached to the same drag element (antenna) despite being moved by two different actuators.
  • a general purpose of the present description is to make available a steerable antenna which does not have the drawbacks mentioned above with reference to the prior art.
  • the steerable antenna 1 comprises an orientable payload 4, 5.
  • the orientable payload 4, 5 comprises at least one receiver and/or transmitter device of electromagnetic radiation 4.
  • the receiver and/or transmitter device of electromagnetic radiation 4 comprises a planar array antenna, for example a microwave and disc antenna comprising a plurality of antenna elements, such as patch antenna elements or slit antenna elements.
  • the receiver and/or transmitter device of electromagnetic radiation 4 is both a receiver and transmitter device.
  • the payload 4, 5 further comprises a processing circuit section 5 of the signals transmitted and/or received by the receiver and/or transmitter device of electromagnetic radiation 4.
  • the steerable antenna 1 further comprises an electromechanical movement and support system 6-10 operatively connected to the payload 4, 5 and adapted to orient the payload 4, 5 in a controlled manner.
  • the electromechanical movement and support system 6-10 comprises a base 6, a first motor 7 attached to the base 6 (or external motor 6), a driven pulley 8 operatively connected to the first motor 7 for being rotated around a first rotation axis (or external rotation axis), a second motor 9 (or internal motor) operatively connected to the driven pulley 8 and operatively connected to the payload 4, 5 for rotating the payload 4,5 around a second rotation axis (or internal rotation axis).
  • the first and the second axes of rotation are perpendicular to each other.
  • the electromechanical movement and support system 6-10 further comprises a support bracket 10, for example as shown in figure 3 , stably fixed to the base 6 to which the second motor 9 is pivotably hinged.
  • the driven pulley 8 is operatively connected to the second motor 9 for rotating the second motor 9 in relation to the base 6 and in relation to the support bracket 10.
  • the first motor 7 is positioned below the driven pulley 8 and the support bracket 10 on the opposite side to the payload 4, 5.
  • this makes it possible, despite the presence of a powerful first motor and therefore significant dimensions, to avoid obstructing the movement of the payload 4, 5 and for example to make optimal use of the space in which the payload can be moved inside a radome.
  • the first 7 and the second motor 9 are servomotors.
  • the base 6 is a cylindrical or substantially cylindrical container provided with an upper aperture 12 and a lower aperture 13.
  • the base 6 comprises a housing 14 inside which the first motor 7 is housed and attached.
  • the steerable antenna 1 comprises an electronic control circuit 15 of the first motor 7 also housed at least partially in the housing 14.
  • the base 6 comprises one or more attachment elements 16 adapted to permit the attachment of the base 6 inside the radome 2.
  • said attachment elements 16 comprise a plurality of recesses defined on the outer side walls of the base 6.
  • the upper aperture 12 of the base 6 allows the passage of at least one transmission element of the motion from the first motor 7 to the driven pulley 8.
  • the support bracket 10 comprises a first end portion 20, 21 firmly attached to the base 6 and a second opposite end portion 22, 23 to which the second motor 9 is pivotably hinged.
  • the first end portion 20, 21 is attached to the base by means of screws which cross through apertures provided in the first end portion 20, 21 to fit into corresponding apertures or internally threaded holes provided in the upper wall of the base 6.
  • the support bracket 10 is fork-shaped, and the said second end portion 22, 23 comprises two end portions between which said second motor 9 is pivotably hinged.
  • the aforesaid first end portion 20, 21 of the support bracket 10 comprises at least one attachment foot to the base 6 provided with a through aperture 26 crossed by the driven pulley 8 and non-interfering with the rotation of the driven pulley 8.
  • the aforesaid attachment foot 20, 21 comprises two attachment feet 20, 21 which are spaced apart and between which the aforesaid through aperture 26 crossed by the driven pulley 8 is defined.
  • the support bracket 10 comprises two fork arms 24, 25 attached to the attachment foot 20, 21 of the support bracket 10 and the aforesaid second end portions 22, 23 are free end portions of said fork arms 24, 25.
  • each of the aforesaid second end portions 22, 23 of the support bracket 10 comprises a respective through aperture 28, 29 having a circular, transversal cross-section. These through-apertures 28, 29 define a hinge axis and permit the pivotable hinging of the second motor 9 to the support bracket 10.
  • the support bracket 10 comprises a waveguide 30 integrated inside the bracket 10.
  • the waveguide 30 is a channel defined in the thickness of the support bracket 10 and said bracket 10 is made of a metal material, for example steel.
  • the support bracket 10 comprises two half-portions 26, 27 made in two separate pieces and juxtaposed and coupled to each other, for example by screws.
  • the realisation of the waveguide 30 integrated in the support bracket 10 is particularly easy since the waveguide 30 can be made by providing a first recess on a wall of one of the two half-portions 26, 27 intended to face an opposite wall of the other of the two half-portions.
  • a second recess may also be provided on said opposite wall which is facing and aligned with the first recess when the two half-portions 26, 27 are coupled together.
  • the aforesaid channel preferably has a portion that extends inside one of said fork arms 24, 25.
  • the aforesaid channel extends between two openings of the channel from the first end portion 20, 21 of the support bracket 10 to the second end portion 22, 23 of the support bracket 10 so as to define a waveguide 30 which extends from the base 6 of the steerable antenna 1 to the payload 4, 5.
  • a waveguide connector may be provided on the base 6 arranged at the respective aperture of the channel.
  • the steerable antenna 1 comprises a first rotary joint in the waveguide 31 having a portion of joint attached to the support bracket 10, at the second end portion 22, 23 which is operatively coupled to the integrated waveguide 30 and is in operational communication therewith and a second portion of joint operatively coupled to the payload 4, 5.
  • the second motor 9 is fixed to the second portion of the rotary joint in the waveguide, in the example shown, on the outside thereof.
  • the first rotary joint in the waveguide 31 is attached to the arm 25 of the support bracket 10 and in particular engaged in the through aperture 29 and thus allows the second motor 9 to be pivotally hinged to the arm 25 of the support bracket 10.
  • a hinge pin 32 is preferably provided which includes a portion with a smooth surface engaged in the second motor 9 and a threaded portion screwed inside the through aperture 28 of the arm 24 of the support bracket 10.
  • the second motor 9 comprises a container body 39, a stator 33 housed inside the container body 39, a rotor 34 and a drive shaft 35 attached or coupled to the rotor 33.
  • the container body 39 is fixed to the driven pulley 8 and is pivotably hinged to the support bracket 10 to rotate around the first rotation axis.
  • the drive shaft 35 of the second motor 9 is directly or indirectly coupled to the payload 4, 5 by means of a first coupling flange 36.
  • a torque reducer is not provided, so that the coupling flange 36 is directly coupled to the drive shaft 35, for example keyed onto the drive shaft 35, and is directly coupled to the payload 4, 5.
  • the aforesaid coupling may be achieved by interposing a torque reducer.
  • a speed and/or position transducer 45 integral with the drive shaft 35 in its rotation around the second rotation axis is coupled to the drive shaft 35 of the second motor 9.
  • the payload 4, 5 is coupled to the external container 39 of the second motor 9 by means of a second coupling flange 37 and a second rotary joint 41, shown in figure 5 .
  • the second rotary joint 41 and the coupling flange 37 are waveguide devices and make it possible to realise a waveguide connection by means of a link waveguide 38, operatively interconnected between the first waveguide joint 31 and the second waveguide joint 41 and integral in rotation with the second motor 9.
  • the driven pulley 8 has an arch-shaped central portion 50 and two side arms 41, 42 attached to the container body 39 of the second motor 9. The rotation of the driven pulley 8 thus determines a rotation of the container body 39 of the second motor 9 around the first rotation axis.
  • the first motor 7 comprises a container body 70, a stator 71 housed inside the container body 70, a rotor 72 and a drive shaft 73 attached or coupled to the rotor 72.
  • the container body 70 is attached to the base 6.
  • a speed and/or position transducer 74 is coupled to the drive shaft 73 of the first motor 7.
  • the drive shaft 73 of the first motor 7 is preferably coupled directly, i.e. without a torque reducer, to the driven pulley 8.
  • the electromechanical support and movement system 6-10 comprises a belt transmission system, 18, 19, 48, 49 adapted to operatively couple the first motor 7 to the driven pulley 8 comprising two belts 18, 19 crossing each other having a first end portion attached to the drive pulley 48, 49, wherein said transmission system 18, 19, 48, 49 comprises a drive pulley 48, 49 coupled to the first motor 7, and in particular to its drive shaft 73.
  • the aforementioned belts 18, 19 each have a second end portion attached to the driven pulley 8.
  • the second end portions of the belts 18, 19 are attached to opposite end portions 53, 54 of the rounded central portion 53, 58 of the driven pulley 8.
  • the aforementioned belts 18, 19 are made of a metal alloy, for example of an austenitic structure, nickel-chromium based, super alloy.
  • a metal alloy for example of an austenitic structure, nickel-chromium based, super alloy.
  • such belts have a reduced thickness, for example of the order of tenths of a millimetre, for example equal to a tenth of a millimetre.
  • the drive pulley 48, 49 comprises two parallel pulleys 48, 49, attached to each other by means of a coupling system which makes it possible to adjust the mutual orientation of said pulleys 48, 49 to ensure correct pre-tensioning of the belts 18, 19.
  • the steerable antenna described above has in fact a very compact structure and a high transversal rigidity.
  • the entire system in fact, develops around a rigid central body consisting of the support bracket 10 and the base 6.
  • the embodiment in which a waveguide integrated in the support bracket 10 is provided also appears to be particularly advantageous as it is possible to avoid providing a radio frequency cable which is moved during the manoeuvres of the steerable antenna.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Antenne orientable (1) comprenant :
    - une charge utile orientable (4, 5) ;
    - un système de support et de mouvement électromécanique (6-10) raccordé en fonctionnement à la charge utile (4, 5) et adapté pour orienter la charge utile de manière commandée, ledit système électromécanique comprenant une base (6), un premier moteur (7) attaché à la base (6), une poulie entraînée (8) raccordée en fonctionnement au premier moteur (7) pour être tournée autour d'un premier axe de rotation, un second moteur (9) étant raccordé en fonctionnement à la poulie entraînée (8) et raccordé en fonctionnement à la charge utile (4, 5) pour la rotation de la charge utile autour d'un second axe de rotation ;
    dans laquelle le système de support et de mouvement électromécanique (6-10) comprend en outre une console de support (10) d'un seul tenant avec la base (6) à laquelle le second moteur (9) est articulé de manière pivotante et la poulie entraînée (8) est raccordée en fonctionnement au second moteur (9) pour la rotation du second moteur (9) en relation avec la base (6) et en relation avec la console de support (10) ;
    dans laquelle le système de support et de mouvement électromécanique (6-10) comprend un système de transmission à courroie (18, 19, 48, 49) adapté pour coupler en fonctionnement le premier moteur (7) à la poulie entraînée (8), ledit système de transmission comprenant une poulie d'entraînement (48, 49) couplée au premier moteur (7) ;
    caractérisée en ce que ledit système de transmission à courroie (18, 19, 48, 49) comprend deux courroies croisées (18, 19) présentant une première portion d'extrémité attachée à ladite poulie d'entraînement (48, 49), dans laquelle lesdites courroies (18, 19) sont réalisées en un alliage de métal et présentent chacune une seconde portion d'extrémité attachée à ladite poulie entraînée (8), dans laquelle la poulie d'entraînement (48, 49) comprend deux poulies parallèles (48, 49) attachées l'une à l'autre au moyen d'un système de couplage qui permet l'ajustement de l'orientation réciproque desdites poulies parallèles (48, 49).
  2. Antenne orientable (1) selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle ladite console de support (10) comprend une première portion d'extrémité (20, 21) attachée à la base (6) et une seconde portion d'extrémité (22, 23) à laquelle le second moteur (9) est articulé de manière pivotante.
  3. Antenne orientable (1) selon la revendication 2, dans laquelle ladite console de support (10) est en forme de fourche, et dans laquelle ladite seconde portion d'extrémité (22, 23) comprend deux portions d'extrémité entre lesquelles ledit second moteur (9) est articulé de manière pivotante.
  4. Antenne orientable (1) selon la revendication 3, dans laquelle ladite première portion d'extrémité (20, 21) de la console de support (10) comprend un pied d'attache à la base (6) doté d'une ouverture débouchante (26) traversée par la poulie entraînée (8).
  5. Antenne orientable (1) selon la revendication 4, dans laquelle ledit pied d'attache (20, 21) comprend deux pieds d'attache espacés entre lesquels ladite ouverture débouchante (26) est définie.
  6. Antenne orientable (1) selon la revendication 4 ou 5, comprenant deux bras de fourche (24, 25) attachés au pied d'attache (20, 21) et dans laquelle lesdites deux portions d'extrémité (22, 23) sont des portions d'extrémité libre desdits bras de fourche (24, 25).
  7. Antenne orientable (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la charge utile (4, 5) comprend un dispositif de transmission et/ou de réception de rayonnement électromagnétique (4).
  8. Antenne orientable (1) selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le premier moteur (7) est positionné sous la poulie entraînée (8) et la console de support (10) sur le côté opposé à la charge utile (4, 5).
  9. Antenne orientable (1) selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle la console de support (10) comprend un guide d'onde intégré (30).
  10. Antenne orientable (1) selon la revendication 9, dans laquelle ledit guide d'onde intégré (30) est un canal défini dans l'épaisseur de la console de support (10) et dans laquelle ledit canal présente une portion qui s'étend dans un desdits bras de fourche (24, 25).
  11. Antenne orientable (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le second moteur (9) comprend un corps de contenant (39), un stator (33) logé dans ledit corps de contenant (39), un rotor (34) et un arbre d'entraînement (35) attaché ou couplé au rotor (34), et dans laquelle le corps de contenant (39) est attaché à la poulie entraînée (8) et est articulé de manière pivotante à la console de support (10) pour être apte à tourner autour dudit premier axe de rotation.
  12. Antenne orientable (1) selon la revendication 11, dans laquelle la poulie entraînée (8) présente une portion centrale arquée (50) et deux bras latéraux (51, 52) attachés au corps de contenant (39) du second moteur (9).
  13. Dispositif de recherche comprenant une antenne orientable (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.
EP14198496.3A 2013-12-18 2014-12-17 Antenne orientable Active EP2887455B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000695A ITRM20130695A1 (it) 2013-12-18 2013-12-18 Antenna asservita

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2887455A1 EP2887455A1 (fr) 2015-06-24
EP2887455B1 true EP2887455B1 (fr) 2018-08-08

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EP14198496.3A Active EP2887455B1 (fr) 2013-12-18 2014-12-17 Antenne orientable

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EP (1) EP2887455B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2694245T3 (fr)
IT (1) ITRM20130695A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3261180A1 (fr) * 2016-06-24 2017-12-27 BAE Systems PLC Ensemble radar d'aéronef
WO2017220971A1 (fr) * 2016-06-24 2017-12-28 Bae Systems Plc Ensemble radar d'aéronef
FR3055050B1 (fr) * 2016-08-11 2019-11-22 Thales Radar a commande en site-roulis pour le guidage autonome d'une plateforme et missile autoguide comprenant un tel radar
CN108682955B (zh) * 2018-05-11 2020-12-29 山东天元信息技术集团有限公司 一种基于北斗导航技术的一体化终端天线
IT202100013952A1 (it) 2021-05-28 2022-11-28 Mbda italia spa Metodo e sistema per controllare elettronicamente il movimento di un dispositivo servoassistito di ricezione e/o trasmissione e/o riflessione di radiazioni elettromagnetiche
IT202100032696A1 (it) 2021-12-27 2023-06-27 Mbda italia spa Unità di controllo elettronico di un dispositivo servoassistito di ricezione e/o trasmissione e/o riflessione di radiazioni elettromagnetiche

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3439550A (en) * 1967-03-06 1969-04-22 Electronic Specialty Co Mechanical movement apparatus
JP2001267830A (ja) * 2000-03-15 2001-09-28 Hitachi Ltd アンテナ駆動装置およびそれを用いた人工衛星追尾システム
US6531990B2 (en) * 2000-06-12 2003-03-11 Datron Advanced Technologies, Inc. Gimbal system for satellite antenna
FR2908236B1 (fr) * 2006-11-07 2008-12-26 Thales Sa Dispositif d'emission et de reception radar
US7928895B2 (en) * 2008-10-08 2011-04-19 Honeywell International Inc. Systems and methods for communication to a gimbal mounted device

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Publication number Publication date
ES2694245T3 (es) 2018-12-19
ITRM20130695A1 (it) 2015-06-19
EP2887455A1 (fr) 2015-06-24

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