EP2885579B1 - Brûleur à phases multiples à effet coanda à écrans - Google Patents

Brûleur à phases multiples à effet coanda à écrans Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2885579B1
EP2885579B1 EP12891401.7A EP12891401A EP2885579B1 EP 2885579 B1 EP2885579 B1 EP 2885579B1 EP 12891401 A EP12891401 A EP 12891401A EP 2885579 B1 EP2885579 B1 EP 2885579B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shroud
gas
flare
gas flow
slot
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP12891401.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2885579A4 (fr
EP2885579A1 (fr
Inventor
Christian Menger
Roman Alexandrovich SKACHKOV
Roman Pavlovich SOTSKIJ
Grigory Yurievich MIKHALEV
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Services Petroliers Schlumberger SA
Prad Research and Development Ltd
Schlumberger Technology BV
Schlumberger Holdings Ltd
Original Assignee
Services Petroliers Schlumberger SA
Prad Research and Development Ltd
Schlumberger Technology BV
Schlumberger Holdings Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Services Petroliers Schlumberger SA, Prad Research and Development Ltd, Schlumberger Technology BV, Schlumberger Holdings Ltd filed Critical Services Petroliers Schlumberger SA
Publication of EP2885579A1 publication Critical patent/EP2885579A1/fr
Publication of EP2885579A4 publication Critical patent/EP2885579A4/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2885579B1 publication Critical patent/EP2885579B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • F23G7/08—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases using flares, e.g. in stacks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • F23G7/08—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases using flares, e.g. in stacks
    • F23G7/085—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases using flares, e.g. in stacks in stacks

Definitions

  • the disclosure relates to a gas flare, and in particular, but not exclusively to a Coanda-type gas burner flare used for combustion of waste gas during surface testing of hydrocarbon wells.
  • Hydrocarbons' importance for the world economy cannot be overstated.
  • the discovery and efficient production of hydrocarbons is becoming increasingly more difficult and poses many new technological challenges.
  • a borehole is drilled down into the earth, on land or in subsea operations, to reach a reservoir containing hydrocarbons.
  • fluid hydrocarbons take the form of oil, gas, or mixtures thereof found in reservoirs that can be produced by one or more wells.
  • Well testing includes flowing a well and measuring the response of several key parameters such as pressure and flow rate over time. Many different types of well tests are known to those skilled in the art, such as pressure drawdown, interference, reservoir limit tests, etc. Well testing enables the collection of data that help assess the economic viability of the well. However, the cost of testing operations is significant and often times it may exceed the cost associated with drilling the well. It is important, therefore, that testing operations are performed as efficiently and economically as possible.
  • the well effluent is separated into its individual phases, i.e., oil, water and gas via the use of one or more well test separators.
  • One of the key functions of a well testing operation is to combust the waste gas flow exiting the well test separator.
  • Coanda-type flaring systems are widely used in the petroleum industry for flaring waste gases of oil refineries or production platforms. Typical Coanda-type flare systems are described in the following patent documents: US 3709654 , US 3915622 , US 2006/0105276 A1 , US 383337 , EP 0054383 and RU 2315240 .
  • Coanda flares offer relatively clean combustion by premixing the waste gas with ambient air prior to combustion.
  • Coanda flares also offer generally good, stable flame combustion at high inlet pressure of combustible gas.
  • shockwaves generated in the vicinity of the gas exit slot of a Coanda flare help to atomize the liquid droplets that are present in the gas flow into a fine mist, thus facilitating combustion and reducing the risk of fall out even in the case of significant liquid carryover in flare line.
  • Coanda-type flaring systems offer stable and quite clean combustion of multiphase hydrocarbon effluents.
  • Coanda-type flares are efficient and environmental friendly under proper operational conditions.
  • the Coanda-type flare apparatus described in patent US 4486167 comprises a Coanda body, a slot for gas outlet form the supply pipe, a fructo-conical shield for noise reduction, and another shield for noise reflection.
  • a fructo-conical shield for noise reduction for noise reduction
  • another shield for noise reflection for noise reflection.
  • the addition of these shield decreases the air supply to the burner and creates a narrow operational range on flow rates of gas.
  • the debris can be sand particles or other particulates present in the wellbore effluent.
  • Another source of debris is pipe scale or the built up of salt deposits around the Coanda slot that can become dislodged once they reach a critical mass. Debris ejected through the Coanda slot poses a risk of injury to the operators as well as damage to the surrounding equipment. There may also be a fraction of the big liquid droplets that do not follow the gas flow and spray sideways from the slot, causing some fallout, especially if the liquid present in gas stream is highly viscous.
  • US 4 021 189 A describes a burner comprising a tubular shroud member connected with a flow conduit.
  • the shroud member surrounds a flow conduit outlet end and a valve body in spaced, concentric relationship and extends longitudinally beyond the upper end of said body.
  • a gas flare that overcomes the above mentioned deficiencies of existing Coanda-type gas flares.
  • the inventive gas flare comprises: a supply pipe for directing a gas flow to a head member; a slot for ejecting the gas flow; and a shroud spaced away from and surrounding the slot to form a passage between the shroud and the head member for directing the ejected gas flow therebetween, wherein the shroud has an airfoil-shaped longitudinal cross-section and is arranged in such a manner that a smooth and rounded proximate end and a sharp distal edge constitute a bottom end and a top edge, respectively.
  • the shroud prevents the gas flow from being ejected substantially radially from the gas flare. So while the gas flow is still ejected radially from the slot to provide a Coanda effect and aspiration of an ambient air, such gas flow including any liquid progresses only as far as the shroud and adheres to the head member.
  • the safety of the device is improved, since any debris contained in the high-speed gas flow will be contained within the shroud.
  • Embodiments of the gas flare and of the method are defined in the dependent claims.
  • gas flare In a typical well testing operation a gas flare is used to burn and, thus, dispose waste gas effluent exiting a well test separator that is used to separate a multiphase hydrocarbon effluent into its oil, gas and water components.
  • effluent to be combusted is typically referred to as gas effluent, it should be appreciated that there is still a fraction of liquid that often remains in the gas flow, which is to be combusted. This liquid fraction is especially high during the flowing of high gas rate fluid at the upper operation limit of separator, or flowing bypass separator on gas-condensate wells.
  • the Coanda-type flare is often useful to combust this liquid fraction, since the gas flow ejected from the Coanda-gas flare reaches supersonic speeds. This creates shockwaves, which atomize the liquid fraction in the gas flow into a fine mist that is more easily and completely combusted by the burner flame.
  • Figure 1 shows an example of a prior art Coanda flare having a supply pipe 114 connected to a tulip-shaped head member 110 via a base member 112 with pylons.
  • the tulip shape produces the Coanda effect, which is advantageous in that the waste gas flow 116 is directed around the bulge 108 of the tulip which causes an accelerated gas flow in this area and thus produces low pressure.
  • the gas flow is directed, by this low pressure, adjacent to the surface of the tulip-shaped head member, and also causes ambient air flow to be directed toward the low pressure.
  • ambient air flow mixes with the gas flow ejected from a slot 104 of the gas flare, making the mixture 117 even more suitable for combustion by the burner flame at the distal end of the head member 110.
  • the supply pipe 114 and base member 112 provides a first passageway there between having a particular cross-section through which the high pressured gas 116 flows.
  • This high pressured gas flow would typically come from a well test separator gas outlet or directly from a tested well.
  • the slot 104 defines a second narrower passageway for choking the ejected gas flow between the supply pipe 114 and the head member 110. Since the second passageway of the slot 104 is narrower, the gas flow is accelerated to sonic speed within the slot, and furthermore (due to expansion along with the tulip) the flow reaches supersonic velocities; this produces shockwaves that help to atomize the liquid droplets entrained by the gas flow. Then, the tulip-shaped head of the Coanda flare causes ambient air flow to mix with the combustible gas flow. This premixing allows achieving a good fuel-oxidant ratio and makes the flame more stable and clean.
  • Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a gas flare according to one embodiment of the disclosure described herein.
  • Figure 2 shows a Coanda gas flare with base member 12 connected to the supply pipe 13.
  • the base member 12 may be at least partially located within a supply pipe 13.
  • the base member 12 and supply pipe 13 are shaped so as to define a passageway there between through which the gas flow is directed towards the head member 10.
  • As the gas flow reaches the head member there is a slot 4 between the supply pipe 13 and the head member 10 and base member 12.
  • the slot 4 defines a narrowed passageway for accelerating and ejecting the gas flow outside of the gas flare.
  • the directed gas flow is ejected substantially radially from the slot 4.
  • the gas flare has a shroud 14 which surrounds the slot and a portion of supply pipe and the bottom part 11 of the head member 10. More specifically, the shroud surrounds and yet is spaced a distance from the slot 4, to define a further passageway for the gas and aspirated air to flow around the contour of the tulip-shaped head member 10 and to mix with each other.
  • This allows for shockwaves that aid liquid atomization, but furthermore acts as a shield in preventing particulates in the gas flow from being ejected past the shroud - which may be of danger to working nearby personnel.
  • the containment of the shockwaves within the shroud 14 is partially responsible for the observed noise reduction in the backward direction.
  • the frusto-conical shroud 14 has an airfoil-shaped vertical cross-section with a sharp top edge 15 and a smooth bottom end 16.
  • This airfoil-shaped geometry of the shroud 14 adds additional functionality to the shroud.
  • the shroud 14 works as an efficient air ejector toward the flow of gas emitted from the slot 4.
  • the smooth and streamlined geometry of the bottom end of the shroud 14 reduces the drag effects of the inlet air.
  • the reduced area of the cross-section defined by the supply pipe 13 and shroud 14 induces acceleration of the inlet air.
  • the high velocity air flow detaches from the sharp top edge 15 of the shroud 14 and removes the portion of liquid droplets produced by atomization in the slot 4, that occasionally separate from the main gas stream.
  • top edge of shroud 14 may have a serrated rim 20.
  • serrated rim 20 are known in the designing of jet nozzles as tabs (directed inward the streamlining flow) or chevrons (sharp corner of the structure directed outward the flow). The function of this small-scale serration is for the redistribution and better atomization of liquid jets occurring on the inside surface of shroud 14 and for improving the mixing of different flows.
  • tabs Although the geometry of tabs is depicted as small sharp triangles, it should be appreciated that other shapes are possible: polygonal elements, combination of rounded elements with polygons, etc.
  • the shroud 14 is also able to absorb high-frequency noise bands resulting from the share layer and Shockwaves, for example by constructing the shroud with a sound absorption structure (porous material or honeycomb) intermediary layer.
  • a sound absorption structure porous material or honeycomb
  • the flare apparatus is equipped with a back-shield 17 for noise attenuation in the backward direction of the flare apparatus.
  • the back-shield 17 has a slightly concave geometry for improving the air inlet in the annulus defined by the bottom end 16 of the shroud and the back-shield 17.
  • the back-shield may be flat plate attached to the supply pipe 13.
  • the back-shield 17 is performed from sound-absorbing materials (similar to materials for shroud 14) with a rigid back wall for additional noise redirection towards the flame area.
  • the shroud covers a portion of the Coanda flare and is able to perform multiple functions which improve the flare.
  • the shroud may act as a protective shield to capture any debris (sand, salt deposits, etc.) that is ejected radially from the Coanda slot. It also prevents any gas or liquid from being sprayed radially in the case of an unexpected sudden flow rate spike or high liquid loading that causes the Coanda effect to break down.
  • the directed and accelerated airflow will ensure that any gas or liquid droplets, not following the Coanda profile, will be redirected in an axial direction into the combustion zone.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Brûleur à gaz, comprenant :
    un tuyau d'alimentation (13) pour diriger un flux de gaz vers un élément de tête (10) ;
    une fente (4) située entre le tuyau d'alimentation (13) et l'élément de tête (10) pour éjecter le flux de gaz ; et
    une enveloppe (14) espacée de et entourant la fente (4) pour former un passage entre l'enveloppe (14) et l'élément de tête (10) pour diriger le flux de gaz éjecté entre les deux, caractérisé en ce que
    l'enveloppe (14) a une section en coupe transversale longitudinale en forme de profilé et elle est placée de telle sorte qu'une extrémité proximale lisse et arrondie (16) et un bord distal tranchant (15) constituent une extrémité inférieure et un bord supérieur, respectivement.
  2. Brûleur à gaz de la revendication 1, dans lequel l'enveloppe (14) est conçue pour empêcher l'éjection du flux de gaz dans une direction sensiblement radiale à partir du brûleur à gaz.
  3. Brûleur à gaz de la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, dans lequel l'enveloppe (14) est conçue pour empêcher l'éjection des débris se trouvant dans le flux de gaz à partir du brûleur à gaz.
  4. Brûleur à gaz d'une quelconque revendication précédente, dans lequel l'enveloppe (14) est conçue pour absorber le bruit.
  5. Brûleur à gaz de la revendication 1, dans lequel l'enveloppe (14) est conçue pour absorber une bande à haute fréquence sélectionnable du bruit lorsque le gaz est éjecté de la fente (4) à une vitesse supersonique.
  6. Brûleur à gaz d'une quelconque revendication précédente, dans lequel l'enveloppe (14) comprend une couche de matériau interne poreux et un revêtement métallique externe solide.
  7. Brûleur à gaz d'une quelconque revendication précédente, comprenant également un élément de base (12) placé à proximité d'une partie inférieure de l'élément de tête (10), dans lequel l'élément de base (12) est au moins partiellement situé à l'intérieur du tuyau d'alimentation (13) définissant un passage entre les deux pour l'écoulement de gaz.
  8. Brûleur à gaz d'une quelconque revendication précédente, dans lequel l'enveloppe (14) comprend une bordure dentelée circonférentielle (20) au niveau de l'extrémité distale.
  9. Procédé pour brûler un flux de gaz éjecté d'un brûleur à gaz, le procédé comprenant :
    l'orientation du flux de gaz à partir d'un tuyau d'alimentation (13) vers un élément de tête (10) ;
    l'éjection du flux de gaz à travers une fente (4) située entre le tuyau d'alimentation (13) et l'élément de tête (10) ; et
    l'aspiration d'un flux d'air ambiant dans un passage formé par une enveloppe (14) espacée de et entourant la fente (4) ;
    le mélange du flux de gaz avec le flux d'air ambiant ; et
    la combustion du mélange,
    caractérisé en ce que l'enveloppe (14) a une section en coupe transversale longitudinale en forme de profilé et en ce que
    le procédé comprend également le placement de l'enveloppe (14) de sorte qu'une extrémité proximale lisse et arrondie (16) et un bord distal tranchant (15) de celle-ci constituent une extrémité inférieure et un bord supérieur, respectivement.
  10. Procédé de la revendication 9, comprenant également le fait de déposer partiellement l'enveloppe (14) entre un écran (17) et l'élément de tête (10), dans lequel l'écran (17) procure une réduction du bruit vers l'arrière.
  11. Procédé de la revendication 10, comprenant également la formation d'un passage lisse entre l'enveloppe (14) et l'écran (17).
EP12891401.7A 2012-08-16 2012-08-16 Brûleur à phases multiples à effet coanda à écrans Not-in-force EP2885579B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/RU2012/000675 WO2014027915A1 (fr) 2012-08-16 2012-08-16 Brûleur à phases multiples à effet coanda à écrans

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2885579A1 EP2885579A1 (fr) 2015-06-24
EP2885579A4 EP2885579A4 (fr) 2015-08-05
EP2885579B1 true EP2885579B1 (fr) 2017-07-19

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EP12891401.7A Not-in-force EP2885579B1 (fr) 2012-08-16 2012-08-16 Brûleur à phases multiples à effet coanda à écrans

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20150211735A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2885579B1 (fr)
NO (1) NO2885579T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014027915A1 (fr)

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US20150316257A1 (en) * 2012-12-06 2015-11-05 Roman Alexandrovich Skachkov Multiphase flare for effluent flow
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US10920979B2 (en) * 2018-04-06 2021-02-16 Zeeco, Inc. Low NOx burner and flow momentum enhancing device
US11067272B2 (en) 2019-04-24 2021-07-20 Cimarron Tandem flare

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2014027915A1 (fr) 2014-02-20
EP2885579A4 (fr) 2015-08-05
EP2885579A1 (fr) 2015-06-24
NO2885579T3 (fr) 2017-12-16
US20150211735A1 (en) 2015-07-30

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