EP2885574B1 - Optical surface and lighting device for vehicles - Google Patents

Optical surface and lighting device for vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2885574B1
EP2885574B1 EP13753833.6A EP13753833A EP2885574B1 EP 2885574 B1 EP2885574 B1 EP 2885574B1 EP 13753833 A EP13753833 A EP 13753833A EP 2885574 B1 EP2885574 B1 EP 2885574B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
optical
micro
optical surface
base area
optical elements
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EP13753833.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2885574A1 (en
Inventor
Susanne Hagedorn
Andreas Stockfisch
Klaus Streich-Schulz
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Hella GmbH and Co KGaA
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Hella GmbH and Co KGaA
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Publication of EP2885574A1 publication Critical patent/EP2885574A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S41/25—Projection lenses
    • F21S41/275—Lens surfaces, e.g. coatings or surface structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S41/25—Projection lenses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V13/00—Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V1/00 - F21V11/00
    • F21V13/02—Combinations of only two kinds of elements
    • F21V13/04—Combinations of only two kinds of elements the elements being reflectors and refractors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/002—Refractors for light sources using microoptical elements for redirecting or diffusing light
    • F21V5/004—Refractors for light sources using microoptical elements for redirecting or diffusing light using microlenses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2102/00—Exterior vehicle lighting devices for illuminating purposes
    • F21W2102/10—Arrangement or contour of the emitted light
    • F21W2102/17—Arrangement or contour of the emitted light for regions other than high beam or low beam
    • F21W2102/18—Arrangement or contour of the emitted light for regions other than high beam or low beam for overhead signs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2107/00—Use or application of lighting devices on or in particular types of vehicles
    • F21W2107/10—Use or application of lighting devices on or in particular types of vehicles for land vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an optical surface according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • the invention further relates to a lighting device for vehicles.
  • an optical surface for lighting devices is known in which a number of wedge-shaped optical elements are provided for scattering the light. These are fir-shaped in cross-section and are located next to a lens.
  • optical surface for lighting devices in which a plurality of projecting cylindrical surfaces 106 are arranged as optical elements on a lens. These optical elements thus have a fundamentally different shape and dimension than the micro-optical elements according to the invention.
  • an optical surface with a plurality of micro-optical elements is known, each of which has elevations with a first section corresponding to a predetermined mathematical function.
  • a second section of the elevations is used to implement a continuously differentiable and thus edgeless transition from the first section to a base area of the optical surface.
  • Optical surfaces for softening a light-dark boundary of a lighting device for vehicles are known, which are arranged with a grid of the same distributed over a base area
  • Micro-optic elements are provided.
  • the micro-optical elements completely cover the base surface of the optical surface designed as a lens surface.
  • the contour of the micro-optical elements is calculated according to a mathematical function, for example from powers of angular functions, a main passage area having a depression corresponding to a predetermined angular function.
  • the indentation is adjoined by an annular flat surface and a beveled secondary passage surface on which light is scattered.
  • a disadvantage of the known micro-optical elements is that the manufacturing outlay is relatively complex.
  • the object of the present invention is to develop an optical surface or a lighting device in such a way that a targeted scattering of light beams with respect to a main direction is ensured in a simple manner.
  • the invention has the features of claim 1.
  • the invention enables, by means of distributed micro-optical elements, a specific scattering of light beams with respect to a main direction.
  • the main direction of the light rays is predetermined by the contour of a base surface of the optical surface on which a plurality of micro-optical elements are arranged.
  • a central main passage area of the micro-optical elements follows the contour of the base area of the optical area, so that light rays passing through this main passage area would be deflected in the main direction as if the optical area were not provided with a micro-optical element in this area. Only a secondary passage area of the respective micro-optical elements causes the light beams to be scattered with respect to the main direction provided, so that, for example, the light-dark boundary can be softened in lighting devices for vehicles.
  • these optical surfaces can also be used to adjust light distributions from two light modules of an illumination device.
  • the scattering of the light beams over the secondary passage area can also be used to recognize high-placed traffic signs (OHS).
  • the secondary passage area of the micro-optical elements is covered by a formed oblique surface that kinks at a predetermined oblique angle from the main passage surface in the direction of the base surface of the optical surface.
  • the micro-optical elements are plate-shaped and / or trapezoidal in cross section (isosceles trapezoids).
  • the degree of scattering or the spreading of a primary light beam occurs only by specifying the distance of the main passage area from the base area and the oblique angle at which the secondary passage area adjoins the central main passage area.
  • the micro-optical elements thus have a simple geometric shape, and the degree of scatter can be additionally controlled by the number of micro-optical elements arranged distributed over the base area of the optical surface.
  • the micro-optical elements form an interface with the optical surface.
  • the micro-optical elements advantageously have a relatively small dimension, which is not perceptible to an observer from the outside.
  • the optical surface thus has a homogeneous appearance that meets the current design requirements.
  • the invention relates to optical surfaces that can be used, for example, as lens surfaces in lighting devices for vehicles.
  • the lighting device for vehicles can be designed, for example, as a headlight that has a projection module.
  • This projection module has a light source, a reflector, a lens and one between the reflector and the aperture arranged on the lens.
  • the diaphragm has a diaphragm edge which serves to represent a light-dark boundary of, for example, asymmetrical low-beam light distribution.
  • the lens is arranged in the main emission direction in front of the reflector and the diaphragm.
  • the lens can have a flat light entry surface and a convex light exit surface.
  • an optical surface 1 is shown schematically, which can form part of the light entry surface or the light exit surface of the lens, for example. As a result, it can be used, for example, to soften the light-dark boundary or to specifically set the degree of hardness or gradient course of the light-dark boundary. Alternatively, this optical surface 1 can also be used to recognize high-placed traffic signs.
  • FIG. 1 a part of the optical surface 1 is shown schematically, a plate-shaped micro-optical element 3 being formed on a base surface 2 of the optical surface 1.
  • the micro-optical element 3 has a central main passage area 4 and an adjoining annular passage area 5.
  • the central main passage surface 4 has a contour which corresponds to a contour of the base surface 2 offset in the normal direction N.
  • the central main passage surface 4, which can be formed, for example, as a flat plateau, is thus offset parallel to the base surface 2 of the optical surface 1 arranged in the area of the micro-optical element 3. If the base area 2 extends in an arcuate manner in this area, the central main passage area 4 likewise extends approximately in an arcuate or arcuate manner.
  • the central main passage surface 4 is also flat.
  • the central main passage area 4 thus runs approximately or following the base area 2 of the optical area 1 in the area of the same micro-optical element 3.
  • the light passing through the central main passage area 4 is thus deflected in the main direction H, just as it is through the base area 2 of the optical area 1 in the absence of the micro-optical element 3 would be deflected in the main direction H.
  • the contour of the base 2 in the area of the micro-optical element 3 flat - as in Figure 1 illustrated - the light is emitted through the central main passage area 4 and the base area 2 arranged adjacent to the micro-optical element 3 in the main direction H.
  • the secondary passage surface 5 which is designed as an inclined surface and which preferably adjoins at an oblique angle ⁇ from the central main passage surface 4 and extends to the base surface 2 of the optical surface 1.
  • the micro-optical element 3 is defined by a distance h from the central main passage area 4 to the base area 2 and by the oblique angle a, at which the secondary passage area 5 connects from the central main passage area 4 in the direction of the base area 2. Given these parameters, depending on the curvature of the main passage surface 4, there is a radius R of an interface 6 of the micro-optical element 3 to the base surface 2 of the optical surface 1.
  • the distance h between the central main passage surface 4 and the base surface 2 can be in a range between 0.001 mm and 0.15 mm.
  • the helix angle ⁇ can be in a range between 70 ° and 89.9 °.
  • a first example is given below for the dimension of micro-optical elements 3, which are arranged in any grid on a light exit side of the optical surface 1 designed as a lens: parameter of to Particularly advantageous here ⁇ / ° 89 89.9 89.35 H / mm 0.001 0.01 0.003 R / mm ⁇ 2 0.35
  • the micro-optical elements 3 can also be arranged in a grid-like manner, preferably equally distributed, on a light entry side or light exit side of the optical surface 1 designed as a lens with the following parameters: parameter of to Particularly advantageous here ⁇ / ° 74 85 80 H / mm 0.010 0.15 0.1 R / mm ⁇ 2 0.9
  • FIG 2 A plurality of micro-optical elements 3 'are shown which are equally distributed over the optical surface 1, one of the micro-optical elements 3' being shown enlarged as an example in section. It can be seen from this that a central main passage surface 4 'of the micro-optical element 3' is curved approximately or exactly as a base 2 'of the optical surface 1'. A secondary passage area 5 'continuously adjoins the central main passage area 4' and enables the light beams to be spread out at an angle ⁇ . In this embodiment, the micro-optical element 3 'is lenticular.
  • the base surface 2, 2 'of the optical surface 1, 1' can be flat and / or convex or can be designed in accordance with a free-form surface.
  • the micro-optical elements 3, 3 ' are preferably arranged uniformly distributed over the entire base area 2, 2' of the optical surface 1 or only in a partial area of the base area 2, 2 'of the optical surface 1.
  • the number and / or the dimension of the micro-optical elements 3, 3 'in relation to the base area 2, 2' of the optical surface 1 can be used, for example, to control the gradient of the light in the light-dark boundary.
  • the optical surface 1 can consist of a glass or plastic material and is transparent.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine optische Fläche nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to an optical surface according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Ferner betrifft die Erfindung eine Beleuchtungsvorrichtung für Fahrzeuge.The invention further relates to a lighting device for vehicles.

Aus der DE 198 14 478 A1 ist eine optische Fläche für Beleuchtungsvorrichtungen bekannt, bei der eine Anzahl von keilförmigen optischen Elementen vorgesehen sind zur Streuung des Lichtes. Diese sind im Querschnitt tannenförmig ausgebildet und befinden sich neben einer Linse.From the DE 198 14 478 A1 an optical surface for lighting devices is known in which a number of wedge-shaped optical elements are provided for scattering the light. These are fir-shaped in cross-section and are located next to a lens.

Aus der FR 2 770 617 A1 ist eine optische Fläche für Beleuchtungsvorrichtungen bekannt, bei der auf einer Linse eine Mehrzahl von vorspringenden Zylinderflächen 106 als Optikelemente angeordnet sind. Diese Optikelemente haben somit eine grundsätzlich andere Form und Dimensionierung als die erfindungsgemäßen Mikrooptikelemente.From the FR 2 770 617 A1 an optical surface for lighting devices is known in which a plurality of projecting cylindrical surfaces 106 are arranged as optical elements on a lens. These optical elements thus have a fundamentally different shape and dimension than the micro-optical elements according to the invention.

Aus der US 6 352 359 A ist eine optische Fläche mit einer von Mehrzahl von kissenförmigen Optikelementen bekannt. Diese kissenförmigen Optikelemente ermöglichen ein optisch ansprechendes Erscheinungsbild einer Beleuchtungsvorrichtung.From the US 6,352,359 A an optical surface with one of a plurality of pillow-shaped optical elements is known. These pillow-shaped optical elements enable an optically appealing appearance of a lighting device.

Aus der DE 10 2009 020 593 A1 ist eine optische Fläche mit einer Mehrzahl von Mikrooptikelementen bekannt, die jeweils Erhebungen mit einem ersten Abschnitt entsprechend einer vorgegebenen mathematischen Funktion aufweisen. Ein zweiter Abschnitt der Erhebungen dient zur Realisierung eines stetig differenzierbaren und damit kantenlosen Überganges des ersten Abschnitts zu einer Grundfläche der optischen Fläche.From the DE 10 2009 020 593 A1 an optical surface with a plurality of micro-optical elements is known, each of which has elevations with a first section corresponding to a predetermined mathematical function. A second section of the elevations is used to implement a continuously differentiable and thus edgeless transition from the first section to a base area of the optical surface.

Aus der gattungsgemäßen DE 10 2008 023 551 A1 sind optische Flächen zur Aufweichung einer Hell-Dunkel-Grenze einer Beleuchtungsvorrichtung für Fahrzeuge bekannt, die mit einem Raster von auf einer Grundfläche derselben verteilt angeordneten Mikrooptikelementen versehen sind. Die Mikrooptikelemente überdecken vollständig die Grundfläche der als Linsenfläche ausgebildeten optischen Fläche. Die Kontur der Mikrooptikelemente berechnet sich nach einer mathematischen Funktion, beispielsweise aus Potenzen von Winkelfunktionen, wobei eine Hauptdurchlassfläche eine Vertiefung entsprechend einer vorgegebenen Winkelfunktion aufweist. An die Vertiefung schließt sich eine ringförmige ebene Fläche an sowie eine abgeschrägte Nebendurchlassfläche, an der Licht gestreut wird. Nachteilig an den bekannten Mikrooptikelementen ist, dass der Fertigungsaufwand relativ aufwändig ist.From the generic DE 10 2008 023 551 A1 Optical surfaces for softening a light-dark boundary of a lighting device for vehicles are known, which are arranged with a grid of the same distributed over a base area Micro-optic elements are provided. The micro-optical elements completely cover the base surface of the optical surface designed as a lens surface. The contour of the micro-optical elements is calculated according to a mathematical function, for example from powers of angular functions, a main passage area having a depression corresponding to a predetermined angular function. The indentation is adjoined by an annular flat surface and a beveled secondary passage surface on which light is scattered. A disadvantage of the known micro-optical elements is that the manufacturing outlay is relatively complex.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine optische Fläche bzw. eine Beleuchtungsvorrichtung derart weiterzubilden, dass auf einfache Weise eine gezielte Streuung von Lichtstrahlen bezüglich einer Hauptrichtung gewährleistet ist.The object of the present invention is to develop an optical surface or a lighting device in such a way that a targeted scattering of light beams with respect to a main direction is ensured in a simple manner.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe weist die Erfindung die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 auf.To achieve this object, the invention has the features of claim 1.

Die Erfindung ermöglicht durch verteilt angeordnete Mikrooptikelemente eine gezielte Streuung von Lichtstrahlen bezüglich einer Hauptrichtung. Die Hauptrichtung der Lichtstrahlen wird durch die Kontur einer Grundfläche der optischen Fläche vorgegeben, auf der eine Mehrzahl von Mikrooptikelementen angeordnet ist. Eine zentrale Hauptdurchlassfläche der Mikrooptikelemente folgt der Kontur der Grundfläche der optischen Fläche, so dass durch diese Hauptdurchlassfläche hindurchtretende Lichtstrahlen so in Hauptrichtung abgelenkt würden, als wenn die optische Fläche in diesem Bereich mit keinem Mikrooptikelement versehen wäre. Lediglich eine Nebendurchlassfläche der jeweiligen Mikrooptikelemente bewirkt eine Streuung der Lichtstrahlen bezüglich der an sich vorgesehenen Hauptrichtung, so dass hierdurch beispielsweise eine Aufweichung der Hell-Dunkel-Grenze in Beleuchtungsvorrichtungen für Fahrzeuge erfolgen kann. Alternativ können diese optischen Flächen auch zur Angleichung von Lichtverteilungen aus zwei Lichtmodulen einer Beleuchtungsvorrichtung genutzt werden. Alternativ kann die Streuung der Lichtstrahlen über die Nebendurchlassfläche auch zur Erkennbarkeit von hoch gestellten Verkehrsschildern (over head signs: OHS) genutzt werden. Nach der Erfindung wird die Nebendurchlassfläche der Mikrooptikelemente durch eine schräge Fläche gebildet, die unter einem vorgegebenen Schrägwinkel von der Hauptdurchlassfläche in Richtung der Grundfläche der optischen Fläche abknickt. Die Mikrooptikelemente sind tellerförmig und/oder im Querschnitt trapezförmig (gleichschenklige Trapeze) ausgebildet sein. Der Streuungsgrad bzw. die Aufspreizung von einem Urlichtstrahl erfolgt lediglich durch Vorgabe des Abstandes der Hauptdurchlassfläche zu der Grundfläche sowie dem Schrägwinkel, unter dem sich die Nebendurchlassfläche an die zentrale Hauptdurchlassfläche anschließt. Die Mikrooptikelemente weisen somit eine einfache geometrische Form auf, wobei der Grad der Streuung durch die Anzahl der verteilt über die Grundfläche der optischen Fläche angeordneten Mikrooptikelemente zusätzlich gesteuert werden kann.The invention enables, by means of distributed micro-optical elements, a specific scattering of light beams with respect to a main direction. The main direction of the light rays is predetermined by the contour of a base surface of the optical surface on which a plurality of micro-optical elements are arranged. A central main passage area of the micro-optical elements follows the contour of the base area of the optical area, so that light rays passing through this main passage area would be deflected in the main direction as if the optical area were not provided with a micro-optical element in this area. Only a secondary passage area of the respective micro-optical elements causes the light beams to be scattered with respect to the main direction provided, so that, for example, the light-dark boundary can be softened in lighting devices for vehicles. Alternatively, these optical surfaces can also be used to adjust light distributions from two light modules of an illumination device. Alternatively, the scattering of the light beams over the secondary passage area can also be used to recognize high-placed traffic signs (OHS). According to the invention, the secondary passage area of the micro-optical elements is covered by a formed oblique surface that kinks at a predetermined oblique angle from the main passage surface in the direction of the base surface of the optical surface. The micro-optical elements are plate-shaped and / or trapezoidal in cross section (isosceles trapezoids). The degree of scattering or the spreading of a primary light beam occurs only by specifying the distance of the main passage area from the base area and the oblique angle at which the secondary passage area adjoins the central main passage area. The micro-optical elements thus have a simple geometric shape, and the degree of scatter can be additionally controlled by the number of micro-optical elements arranged distributed over the base area of the optical surface.

Nach einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung bilden die Mikrooptikelemente eine Grenzfläche mit der optischen Fläche. Vorteilhaft haben die Mikrooptikelemente hierdurch eine relativ kleine Dimension, die für einen Betrachter von außen nicht wahrnehmbar ist. Die optische Fläche weist somit ein homogenes Erscheinungsbild auf, das die aktuellen Designanforderungen erfüllt.According to a development of the invention, the micro-optical elements form an interface with the optical surface. As a result, the micro-optical elements advantageously have a relatively small dimension, which is not perceptible to an observer from the outside. The optical surface thus has a homogeneous appearance that meets the current design requirements.

Weitere Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den weiteren Unteransprüchen.Further advantages of the invention result from the further subclaims.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert.An embodiment of the invention is explained below with reference to the drawings.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Teilseitenansicht einer optischen Fläche mit einem Mikrooptikelement und
Fig. 2
einen perspektivischen Teilausschnitt einer optischen Fläche mit verteilt angeordneten Mikrooptikelementen.
Show it:
Fig. 1
is a schematic partial side view of an optical surface with a micro-optical element and
Fig. 2
a partial perspective section of an optical surface with distributed micro-optical elements.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf optische Flächen, die beispielsweise als Linsenflächen in Beleuchtungsvorrichtungen für Fahrzeuge eingesetzt werden können. Die Beleuchtungsvorrichtung für Fahrzeuge kann beispielsweise als ein Scheinwerfer ausgebildet sein, der ein Projektionsmodul aufweist. Dieses Projektionsmodul weist eine Lichtquelle, einen Reflektor, eine Linse sowie eine zwischen dem Reflektor und der Linse angeordneten Blende auf. Die Blende weist eine Blendkante auf, die zur Abbildung einer Hell-Dunkel-Grenze einer beispielsweise asymmetrischen Abblendlichtverteilung dient. Die Linse ist in Hauptabstrahlrichtung vor dem Reflektor und der Blende angeordnet. Die Linse kann eine ebene Lichteintrittsfläche und eine konvexförmige Lichtaustrittsfläche aufweisen.The invention relates to optical surfaces that can be used, for example, as lens surfaces in lighting devices for vehicles. The lighting device for vehicles can be designed, for example, as a headlight that has a projection module. This projection module has a light source, a reflector, a lens and one between the reflector and the aperture arranged on the lens. The diaphragm has a diaphragm edge which serves to represent a light-dark boundary of, for example, asymmetrical low-beam light distribution. The lens is arranged in the main emission direction in front of the reflector and the diaphragm. The lens can have a flat light entry surface and a convex light exit surface.

In Figur 1 ist schematisch eine optische Fläche 1 dargestellt, die beispielsweise einen Teil der Lichteintrittsfläche oder der Lichtaustrittsfläche der Linse bilden kann. Hierdurch kann sie beispielsweise zur Aufweichung der Hell-Dunkel-Grenze bzw. gezielten Einstellung des Härtegrades bzw. Gradientenverlaufes der Hell-Dunkel-Grenze dienen. Alternativ kann diese optische Fläche 1 auch zur Erkennung von hoch angeordneten Verkehrsschildern dienen.In Figure 1 an optical surface 1 is shown schematically, which can form part of the light entry surface or the light exit surface of the lens, for example. As a result, it can be used, for example, to soften the light-dark boundary or to specifically set the degree of hardness or gradient course of the light-dark boundary. Alternatively, this optical surface 1 can also be used to recognize high-placed traffic signs.

In Figur 1 ist schematisch ein Teil der optischen Fläche 1 dargestellt, wobei auf einer Grundfläche 2 der optischen Fläche 1 ein tellerförmiges Mikrooptikelement 3 angeformt ist. Das Mikrooptikelement 3 weist eine zentrale Hauptdurchlassfläche 4 sowie eine sich ringförmig anschließende Nebendurchlassfläche 5 auf. Die zentrale Hauptdurchlassfläche 4 weist eine Kontur auf, die einer Kontur der in Normalenrichtung N versetzten Grundfläche 2 entspricht. Die zentrale Hauptdurchlassfläche 4, die beispielsweise als ein ebenes Plateau ausgebildet sein kann, ist somit parallel versetzt zur im Bereich des Mikrooptikelementes 3 angeordneten Grundfläche 2 der optischen Fläche 1 angeordnet. Wenn die Grundfläche 2 in diesem Bereich bogenförmig verläuft, verläuft die zentrale Hauptdurchlassfläche 4 ebenfalls annähernd bogenförmig oder bogenförmig. Wenn die Grundfläche 2 in diesem Bereich eben verläuft - wie in Figur 1 -, verläuft die zentrale Hauptdurchlassfläche 4 ebenfalls eben. Die zentrale Hauptdurchlassfläche 4 verläuft somit annähernd oder konturfolgend zu der Grundfläche 2 der optischen Fläche 1 im Bereich desselben Mikrooptikelementes 3. Das durch die zentrale Hauptdurchlassfläche 4 durchtretende Licht wird somit in Hauptrichtung H umgelenkt genauso wie es durch die Grundfläche 2 der optischen Fläche 1 bei Nichtvorhandensein des Mikrooptikelementes 3 in Hauptrichtung H umgelenkt würde. Ist die Kontur der Grundfläche 2 im Bereich des Mikrooptikelementes 3 eben ausgebildet - wie in Figur 1 dargestellt -, wird das Licht durch die zentrale Hauptdurchlassfläche 4 sowie benachbart zu dem Mikrooptikelement 3 angeordnete Grundfläche 2 in Hauptrichtung H abgestrahlt.In Figure 1 a part of the optical surface 1 is shown schematically, a plate-shaped micro-optical element 3 being formed on a base surface 2 of the optical surface 1. The micro-optical element 3 has a central main passage area 4 and an adjoining annular passage area 5. The central main passage surface 4 has a contour which corresponds to a contour of the base surface 2 offset in the normal direction N. The central main passage surface 4, which can be formed, for example, as a flat plateau, is thus offset parallel to the base surface 2 of the optical surface 1 arranged in the area of the micro-optical element 3. If the base area 2 extends in an arcuate manner in this area, the central main passage area 4 likewise extends approximately in an arcuate or arcuate manner. If the base area 2 is even in this area - as in Figure 1 -, the central main passage surface 4 is also flat. The central main passage area 4 thus runs approximately or following the base area 2 of the optical area 1 in the area of the same micro-optical element 3. The light passing through the central main passage area 4 is thus deflected in the main direction H, just as it is through the base area 2 of the optical area 1 in the absence of the micro-optical element 3 would be deflected in the main direction H. Is the contour of the base 2 in the area of the micro-optical element 3 flat - as in Figure 1 illustrated -, the light is emitted through the central main passage area 4 and the base area 2 arranged adjacent to the micro-optical element 3 in the main direction H.

Eine Streuung des Lichtes bezüglich der Hauptrichtung H in Streurichtung S wird durch die als Schrägfläche ausgebildete Nebendurchlassfläche 5 bewirkt, die sich unter einem Schrägwinkel α vorzugsweise eben von der zentrale Hauptdurchlassfläche 4 anschließt und bis zu der Grundfläche 2 der optischen Fläche 1 reicht.Scattering of the light with respect to the main direction H in the scattering direction S is brought about by the secondary passage surface 5, which is designed as an inclined surface and which preferably adjoins at an oblique angle α from the central main passage surface 4 and extends to the base surface 2 of the optical surface 1.

Das Mikrooptikelement 3 ist definiert durch einen Abstand h der zentralen Hauptdurchlassfläche 4 zu der Grundfläche 2 sowie durch den Schrägwinkel a, unter dem sich die Nebendurchlassfläche 5 von der zentralen Hauptdurchlassfläche 4 in Richtung der Grundfläche 2 anschließt. Bei Vorgabe dieser Parameter ergibt sich je nach Krümmung der Hauptdurchlassfläche 4 ein Radius R einer Grenzfläche 6 des Mikrooptikelementes 3 zu der Grundfläche 2 der optischen Fläche 1. Der Abstand h zwischen der zentrale Hauptdurchlassfläche 4 und der Grundfläche 2 kann in einem Bereich zwischen 0,001 mm und 0,15 mm liegen. Der Schrägwinkel α kann in einem Bereich zwischen 70° und 89,9° liegen. Im Folgenden ist ein erstes Beispiel für die Dimension von Mikrooptikelementen 3 angegeben, die in einem beliebigen Raster auf einer Lichtaustrittsseite der als eine Linse ausgebildeten optischen Fläche 1 angeordnet sind: Parameter von bis Hier besonders vorteilhaft α / ° 89 89.9 89.35 H / mm 0,001 0.01 0,003 R / mm < 2 0.35 The micro-optical element 3 is defined by a distance h from the central main passage area 4 to the base area 2 and by the oblique angle a, at which the secondary passage area 5 connects from the central main passage area 4 in the direction of the base area 2. Given these parameters, depending on the curvature of the main passage surface 4, there is a radius R of an interface 6 of the micro-optical element 3 to the base surface 2 of the optical surface 1. The distance h between the central main passage surface 4 and the base surface 2 can be in a range between 0.001 mm and 0.15 mm. The helix angle α can be in a range between 70 ° and 89.9 °. A first example is given below for the dimension of micro-optical elements 3, which are arranged in any grid on a light exit side of the optical surface 1 designed as a lens: parameter of to Particularly advantageous here α / ° 89 89.9 89.35 H / mm 0.001 0.01 0.003 R / mm <2 0.35

Alternativ können die Mikrooptikelemente 3 auch rasterartig, vorzugsweise gleich verteilt auf einer Lichteintrittsseite oder Lichtaustrittsseite der als Linse ausgebildeten optischen Fläche 1 angeordnet sein mit folgenden Parametern: Parameter von bis Hier besonders vorteilhaft α /° 74 85 80 H / mm 0,010 0,15 0,1 R / mm <2 0.9 Alternatively, the micro-optical elements 3 can also be arranged in a grid-like manner, preferably equally distributed, on a light entry side or light exit side of the optical surface 1 designed as a lens with the following parameters: parameter of to Particularly advantageous here α / ° 74 85 80 H / mm 0.010 0.15 0.1 R / mm <2 0.9

In Figur 2 sind mehrere gleich über die optische Fläche 1 gleich verteilte Mikrooptikelemente 3' dargestellt, wobei exemplarisch eines der Mikrooptikelemente 3' vergrößert im Schnitt dargestellt ist. Hieraus ist ersichtlich, dass eine zentrale Hauptdurchlassfläche 4' des Mikrooptikelementes 3' annähernd oder genau so gewölbt ist wie eine Grundfläche 2' der optischen Fläche 1'. Eine Nebendurchlassfläche 5' schließt sich stetig an die zentrale Hauptdurchlassfläche 4' an und ermöglicht eine Aufspreizung der Lichtstrahlen in einem Winkel γ. Das Mikrooptikelement 3' ist bei dieser Ausführungsform linsenförmig ausgebildet.In Figure 2 A plurality of micro-optical elements 3 'are shown which are equally distributed over the optical surface 1, one of the micro-optical elements 3' being shown enlarged as an example in section. It can be seen from this that a central main passage surface 4 'of the micro-optical element 3' is curved approximately or exactly as a base 2 'of the optical surface 1'. A secondary passage area 5 'continuously adjoins the central main passage area 4' and enables the light beams to be spread out at an angle γ. In this embodiment, the micro-optical element 3 'is lenticular.

Es versteht sich, dass die Grundfläche 2, 2' der optischen Fläche 1, 1' eben und/oder konvexförmig oder entsprechend einer Freiformfläche ausgebildet sein kann.It goes without saying that the base surface 2, 2 'of the optical surface 1, 1' can be flat and / or convex or can be designed in accordance with a free-form surface.

Die Mikrooptikelemente 3, 3' sind vorzugsweise gleich verteilt über die gesamte Grundfläche 2, 2' der optischen Fläche 1 oder nur in einem Teilbereich der Grundfläche 2, 2' der optischen Fläche 1 angeordnet. Durch die Anzahl und/oder die Dimension der Mikrooptikelemente 3, 3' im Verhältnis zu der Grundfläche 2, 2' der optischen Fläche 1 lässt sich beispielsweise der Gradientenverlauf des Lichtes in der Hell-Dunkel-Grenze steuern.The micro-optical elements 3, 3 'are preferably arranged uniformly distributed over the entire base area 2, 2' of the optical surface 1 or only in a partial area of the base area 2, 2 'of the optical surface 1. The number and / or the dimension of the micro-optical elements 3, 3 'in relation to the base area 2, 2' of the optical surface 1 can be used, for example, to control the gradient of the light in the light-dark boundary.

Die optische Fläche 1 kann aus einem Glas- oder Kunststoffmaterial bestehen und ist transparent ausgebildet.The optical surface 1 can consist of a glass or plastic material and is transparent.

BezugszeichenlisteReference list

1, 1'1, 1 '
optische Flächeoptical surface
2, 2'2, 2 '
GrundflächeFloor space
3, 3'3, 3 '
MikrooptikelementeMicro-optical elements
4, 4'4, 4 '
zentrale Hauptdurchlassflächecentral main passage area
5, 5'5, 5 '
NebendurchlassflächeSecondary passage area
66
GrenzflächeInterface
hH
Abstanddistance
HH
HauptrichtungMain direction
SS
StreurichtungScattering direction
NN
NormalenrichtungNormal direction
RR
Radiusradius
αα
SchrägwinkelHelix angle

Claims (8)

  1. Optical surface for diffusing a light-dark cut-off line of an illuminating device for vehicles with a grid of optical elements (3, 3') arranged so as to be distributed over a base area (2, 2') by means of which a light beam passing through the optical surface (1) can be diffused in relation to a main direction (H) such that the optical elements (3, 3') take the form of micro-optical elements (3, 3') that feature a main transparent surface (4, 4') and a secondary transparent surface (5, 5') at oblique angle (a) to the main transparent surface 4, 4'), where each of the micro-optical elements (3, 3') takes the form of a disk with the central transparent surface (4, 4') set at a distance (h) from the base area (2, 2') and with the secondary transparent area (5,5') connecting in the shape of a ring to the central main transparent surface (4, 4') which extends up to the base area (2, 2') of the optical surface, where the secondary transparent surface (5, 5') diffuses the light rays of the light beam in relation to the main direction (H) in the diffusion direction (S), characterized in that the central transparent surface (4, 4') of the disk-shaped micro-optical elements (3, 3') takes the form of the main transparent surface (4, 4') following the contour of the base area (2, 2') through which the light rays of the light beam are deflected according to the contour of the base area (2, 2') in the main direction (H).
  2. Optical surface in accordance with Claim 1, characterized in that the central main transparent surface (4, 4') features a distance (h) in a range between 0.001 mm and 0.15 mm to the base area (2, 2') of the optical surface (1).
  3. Optical surface in accordance with Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the secondary transparent surface (5, 5') runs at an oblique angle (α) in a range between 74° and 89.9° from the central main transparent surface (4, 4') in the direction of the base area (2, 2').
  4. Optical surface in accordance with one of Claims 1 through 3, characterized in that the micro-optical elements (3, 3') are arranged at distances to each other, where the base area (2, 2') of the optical surface (1) extends between the micro-optical elements (3, 3').
  5. Optical surface in accordance with one of Claims 1 through 4, characterized in that the optical surface (1) takes the form of a lens area for a projection module of a headlight, where a cover (where necessary), a reflector (where necessary) and a light source are located downstream of the lens in the main radiation direction.
  6. Optical surface in accordance with one of Claims 1 through 5, characterized in that the base area (2, 2') of the optical surface (1) is designed as being flat and/or convex shaped or corresponding to a free-form surface.
  7. Optical surface in accordance with one of Claims 1 through 6, characterized in that the micro-optical elements (3, 3') form a boundary surface (6) with the base area (2, 2') of the optical surface (1).
  8. Illuminating device for vehicles with an optical surface in accordance with one of Claims 1 through 7.
EP13753833.6A 2012-08-14 2013-08-14 Optical surface and lighting device for vehicles Active EP2885574B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102012107427.5A DE102012107427A1 (en) 2012-08-14 2012-08-14 Optical surface and lighting device for vehicles
PCT/EP2013/066980 WO2014027020A1 (en) 2012-08-14 2013-08-14 Optical surface and lighting device for vehicles

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EP2885574A1 EP2885574A1 (en) 2015-06-24
EP2885574B1 true EP2885574B1 (en) 2020-03-11

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US (1) US9810390B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2885574B1 (en)
CN (1) CN104685290B (en)
DE (1) DE102012107427A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2014027020A1 (en)

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DE102014110599A1 (en) 2014-07-28 2016-01-28 Hella Kgaa Hueck & Co. Lighting device for vehicles
DE102014118745B4 (en) * 2014-12-16 2022-03-17 HELLA GmbH & Co. KGaA headlights for vehicles
AT517173B1 (en) * 2015-05-06 2017-05-15 Zkw Group Gmbh Headlight for motor vehicles
DE102018132866A1 (en) 2018-12-19 2020-06-25 Automotive Lighting Reutlingen Gmbh Method for constructing an optical element for a motor vehicle headlight
DE102019133656A1 (en) * 2019-12-10 2021-06-10 HELLA GmbH & Co. KGaA Lighting device for a motor vehicle and a method for producing such a lighting device
DE102020121974A1 (en) 2020-08-21 2022-02-24 Marelli Automotive Lighting Reutlingen (Germany) GmbH Light module with chromatic aberration correcting optics
EP3974709A1 (en) * 2020-09-25 2022-03-30 ZKW Group GmbH Lighting device for a motor vehicle headlight
DE102022124019A1 (en) 2022-09-20 2024-03-21 HELLA GmbH & Co. KGaA Headlights for a motor vehicle

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US20150219299A1 (en) 2015-08-06
CN104685290A (en) 2015-06-03
WO2014027020A1 (en) 2014-02-20
DE102012107427A1 (en) 2014-05-22
CN104685290B (en) 2018-05-01
EP2885574A1 (en) 2015-06-24
US9810390B2 (en) 2017-11-07

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