EP2885574A1 - Optical surface and lighting device for vehicles - Google Patents

Optical surface and lighting device for vehicles

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Publication number
EP2885574A1
EP2885574A1 EP13753833.6A EP13753833A EP2885574A1 EP 2885574 A1 EP2885574 A1 EP 2885574A1 EP 13753833 A EP13753833 A EP 13753833A EP 2885574 A1 EP2885574 A1 EP 2885574A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
optical
optical surface
base
micro
optical elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13753833.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2885574B1 (en
Inventor
Susanne Hagedorn
Andreas Stockfisch
Klaus Streich-Schulz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hella GmbH and Co KGaA
Original Assignee
Hella KGaA Huek and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hella KGaA Huek and Co filed Critical Hella KGaA Huek and Co
Publication of EP2885574A1 publication Critical patent/EP2885574A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2885574B1 publication Critical patent/EP2885574B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S41/25—Projection lenses
    • F21S41/275—Lens surfaces, e.g. coatings or surface structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S41/25—Projection lenses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V13/00—Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V1/00 - F21V11/00
    • F21V13/02—Combinations of only two kinds of elements
    • F21V13/04—Combinations of only two kinds of elements the elements being reflectors and refractors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/002—Refractors for light sources using microoptical elements for redirecting or diffusing light
    • F21V5/004—Refractors for light sources using microoptical elements for redirecting or diffusing light using microlenses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2102/00—Exterior vehicle lighting devices for illuminating purposes
    • F21W2102/10—Arrangement or contour of the emitted light
    • F21W2102/17—Arrangement or contour of the emitted light for regions other than high beam or low beam
    • F21W2102/18—Arrangement or contour of the emitted light for regions other than high beam or low beam for overhead signs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2107/00—Use or application of lighting devices on or in particular types of vehicles
    • F21W2107/10—Use or application of lighting devices on or in particular types of vehicles for land vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an optical surface for softening a light-dark boundary of a lighting device for vehicles with a grid of distributed over a base surface arranged optical elements, by means of which a light passing through the optical surface light beam with respect to a main direction can be scattered.
  • the invention relates to a lighting device for vehicles.
  • optical surfaces for softening a cut-off line of a lighting device for vehicles are known, which are provided with a grid of distributed on a base surface of the same arranged optical elements.
  • the optical elements completely cover the base area of the optical surface formed as a lens surface.
  • the contour of the optical elements is calculated according to a mathematical function, for example, powers of angle functions.
  • a targeted adjustment of the properties of the light-dark boundary of a light distribution of motor vehicle lighting devices can be done.
  • the degree of softening of the cut-off line should be able to be set specifically.
  • a disadvantage of the known optical surfaces is that the production costs for the contouring of the optical surfaces according to the mathematical functions is relatively complex.
  • Object of the present invention is to develop an optical surface or a lighting device such that in a simple manner, a targeted scattering of light rays is ensured with respect to a main direction.
  • the invention in conjunction with the preamble of patent claim 1, characterized in that the optical elements are each formed as micro-optical elements, which follow a contour of the base area on the one hand de central main passage area, are deflected by the light beams of the light bundle according to the contour of the base in the main direction, and on the other have a running at an oblique angle to the central main passage surface passing through surface, are scattered by the light rays of the light beam with respect to the main direction in the scattering direction.
  • the invention allows distributed by micro-optical elements targeted scattering of light rays with respect to a main direction.
  • the main direction of the light beams is given by the contour of a base surface of the optical surface, on which a plurality of micro-optical elements is arranged.
  • a central main transmission surface of the micro-optical elements follows the contour of the base surface of the optical surface, so that light rays passing through this main transmission surface would be deflected in the main direction than if the optical surface in this region were not provided with a micro-optical element.
  • a secondary passage area of the respective micro-optical elements causes a scattering of the light beams with respect to the main direction which is provided per se, so that, for example, a softening of the cut-off line in illumination devices for vehicles can take place.
  • these optical surfaces can also be used to equalize light distributions from two light modules of a lighting device.
  • the scattering of the light rays over the secondary passage area can also be used for the recognition of high overhead traffic signs (OHS).
  • the secondary passage area of the micro-optical elements is formed by an oblique surface, which bends at a predetermined oblique angle from the main passage surface in the direction of the base surface of the optical surface.
  • the micro-optical elements may be dish-shaped and / or trapezoidal in cross section (isosceles trapezoids).
  • the degree of scattering or the spreading of an original light beam takes place merely by specifying the distance of the main passage surface to the base surface and the oblique angle at which the auxiliary passage surface adjoins the central main passage surface.
  • the micro-optical elements thus have a simple geometric shape, wherein the degree of scattering by the number of distributed over the basic Surface of the optical surface arranged micro-optical elements can be additionally controlled.
  • the micro-optical elements form an interface with the optical surface.
  • the micro-optical elements thereby have a relatively small dimension, which is imperceptible to a viewer from the outside.
  • the optical surface thus has a homogeneous appearance that meets the current design requirements.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic partial side view of an optical surface with a micro-optical element
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective partial section of an optical surface with distributed arranged micro-optical elements.
  • the invention relates to optical surfaces which can be used for example as lens surfaces in lighting devices for vehicles.
  • the lighting device for vehicles may, for example, be designed as a headlight having a projection module.
  • This projection module has a light source, a reflector, a lens and a diaphragm arranged between the reflector and the lens.
  • the diaphragm has a glare edge which serves to image a light-dark boundary of, for example, an asymmetrical low-beam distribution.
  • the lens is arranged in the main emission direction in front of the reflector and the diaphragm.
  • the lens may have a flat light entrance surface and a convex light exit surface.
  • optical surface 1 schematically shows an optical surface 1 which, for example, can form part of the light entry surface or the light exit surface of the lens. As a result, it can be used, for example, to soften the light-dark boundary or to selectively adjust the degree of hardness or gradient progression of the cut-off line. Alternatively, this optical surface 1 can also serve for the detection of highly arranged traffic signs.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a part of the optical surface 1, wherein a plate-shaped micro-optical element 3 is formed on a base surface 2 of the optical surface 1.
  • the micro-optical element 3 has a central main passage surface 4 and an adjoining annular passage surface 5 in an annular manner.
  • the central main passage surface 4 has a contour which corresponds to a contour of the base 2 offset in the normal direction N.
  • the central main passage surface 4, which may be formed, for example, as a flat plateau, is thus arranged offset parallel to the arranged in the region of the micro-optical element 3 base 2 of the optical surface 1. If the base 2 is arcuate in this area, the central main passage 4 also extends approximately arcuate or arcuate.
  • the central main passage surface 4 is also flat.
  • the central main passage surface 4 thus runs approximately or contour-following to the base surface 2 of the optical surface 1 in the region of the same micro-optical element 3.
  • the light passing through the central main passage surface 4 is thus redirected in the main direction H as it is through the base surface 2 of the optical surface 1 in the absence of the micro-optical element 3 would be deflected in the main direction H.
  • the contour of the base 2 in the region of the micro-optical element 3 is planar-as shown in FIG. 1 -the light is radiated through the central main passage 4 and adjacent to the micro-optical element 3 base 2 in the main direction H.
  • a scattering of the light with respect to the main direction H in the direction of scattering S is effected by the auxiliary passage surface 5 which is formed as an inclined surface and adjoins the central main passage surface 4 at an oblique angle ⁇ and extends to the base surface 2 of the optical surface 1.
  • the micro-optical element 3 is defined by a distance h of the central main passage surface 4 to the base surface 2 and by the oblique angle a, below which the bypass passage surface 5 connects from the central main passage surface 4 in the direction of the base surface 2. Given these parameters, depending on the curvature of the main transmission surface 4, a radius R of an interface 6 of the micro-optical element 3 to the base 2 of the optical surface 1 results.
  • the distance h between the central main transmission surface 4 and the base 2 can be in a range between 0.001 mm and 0.15 mm.
  • the oblique angle ⁇ can be in a range between 70 ° and 89.9 °.
  • the following is a first example of the dimension of micro-optical elements 3 which are arranged in an arbitrary grid on a light exit side of the optical surface 1 formed as a lens:
  • micro-optical elements 3 can also be arranged like a grid, preferably evenly distributed on a light entry side or light exit side of the lens-shaped optical surface 1 with the following parameters:
  • FIG. 2 shows a plurality of microoptical elements 3 ', which are distributed equally over the optical surface 1, whereby one of the microoptical elements 3' is shown enlarged in section on an exemplary basis.
  • a central Haupt barnlass Structure 4 'of the micro-optical element 3' is approximately or exactly as curved as a base 2 'of the optical surface 1'.
  • the micro-optical element 3 ' is formed lens-shaped in this embodiment.
  • the base surface 2, 2 'of the optical surface 1, 1' may be flat and / or convex or corresponding to a free-form surface.
  • the micro-optical elements 3, 3 ' are preferably distributed evenly over the entire base surface 2, 2' of the optical surface 1 or only in a partial region of the base surface 2, 2 'of the optical surface 1.
  • the gradient of the light in the cut-off line can be controlled.
  • the optical surface 1 may consist of a glass or plastic material and is transparent.

Abstract

The invention relates to an optical surface for softening a light-dark boundary of a lighting device for vehicles, comprising a grid of optical elements arranged so as to be distributed over a base surface, by means of which optical elements a light bundle passing through the optical surface can be scattered in regard to a main direction, wherein the optical elements are designed as micro optical elements (3, 3'). Said micro optical elements have a central main passage surface (4, 4') that follows a contour of the base surface (2, 2'). By means of the central main passage surface, light beams of the light bundle are refracted in the main direction (H) in accordance with the contour of the base surface (2, 2'). Said micro optical elements also have a secondary passage surface (5, 5') extending at a tilt angle (α) to the central main passage surface (4, 4'). By means of the secondary passage surface, light beams of the light bundle are scattered in a scattering direction in regard to the main direction (H).

Description

Optische Fläche und Beleuchtungsvorrichtung für Fahrzeuge  Optical surface and lighting device for vehicles
Beschreibung description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine optische Fläche zur Aufweichung einer Hell-Dunkel-Grenze einer Beleuchtungsvorrichtung für Fahrzeuge mit einem Raster von über eine Grundfläche verteilt angeordneten Optikelementen, mittels derer ein durch die optische Fläche hindurchtretendes Lichtbündel bezüglich einer Hauptrichtung gestreut werden kann. The invention relates to an optical surface for softening a light-dark boundary of a lighting device for vehicles with a grid of distributed over a base surface arranged optical elements, by means of which a light passing through the optical surface light beam with respect to a main direction can be scattered.
Ferner betrifft die Erfindung eine Beleuchtungsvorrichtung für Fahrzeuge. Furthermore, the invention relates to a lighting device for vehicles.
Aus der DE 10 2008 023 551 A1 sind optische Flächen zur Aufweichung einer Hell- Dunkel-Grenze einer Beleuchtungsvorrichtung für Fahrzeuge bekannt, die mit einem Raster von auf einer Grundfläche derselben verteilt angeordneten Optikelementen versehen sind. Die Optikelemente überdecken vollständig die Grundfläche der als Linsenfläche ausgebildeten optischen Fläche. Die Kontur der Optikelemente berechnet sich nach einer mathematischen Funktion, beispielsweise aus Potenzen von Winkelfunktionen. Hierdurch soll eine gezielte Einstellung der Eigenschaften der Hell-Dunkel- Grenze einer Lichtverteilung von Kraftfahrzeugbeleuchtungsvorrichtungen erfolgen können. Insbesondere soll der Aufweichungsgrad der Hell-Dunkel-Grenze gezielt eingestellt werden können. Nachteilig an den bekannten optischen Flächen ist, dass der Fertigungsaufwand für die Konturierung der optischen Flächen nach den mathematischen Funktionen relativ aufwändig ist. From DE 10 2008 023 551 A1 optical surfaces for softening a cut-off line of a lighting device for vehicles are known, which are provided with a grid of distributed on a base surface of the same arranged optical elements. The optical elements completely cover the base area of the optical surface formed as a lens surface. The contour of the optical elements is calculated according to a mathematical function, for example, powers of angle functions. As a result, a targeted adjustment of the properties of the light-dark boundary of a light distribution of motor vehicle lighting devices can be done. In particular, the degree of softening of the cut-off line should be able to be set specifically. A disadvantage of the known optical surfaces is that the production costs for the contouring of the optical surfaces according to the mathematical functions is relatively complex.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine optische Fläche bzw. eine Beleuchtungsvorrichtung derart weiterzubilden, dass auf einfache Weise eine gezielte Streuung von Lichtstrahlen bezüglich einer Hauptrichtung gewährleistet ist. Object of the present invention is to develop an optical surface or a lighting device such that in a simple manner, a targeted scattering of light rays is ensured with respect to a main direction.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist die Erfindung in Verbindung mit dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Optikelemente jeweils als Mik- rooptikelemente ausgebildet sind, die zum einen eine Kontur der Grundfläche folgen- de zentrale Hauptdurchlassfläche aufweisen, durch die Lichtstrahlen des Lichtbündels entsprechend der Kontur der Grundfläche in Hauptrichtung abgelenkt werden, und die zum anderen eine in einem Schrägwinkel zu der zentrale Hauptdurchlassfläche verlaufenden Nebendurchlassfläche aufweisen, mittels derer Lichtstrahlen des Lichtbündels bezüglich der Hauptrichtung in Streurichtung gestreut werden. To achieve this object, the invention in conjunction with the preamble of patent claim 1, characterized in that the optical elements are each formed as micro-optical elements, which follow a contour of the base area on the one hand de central main passage area, are deflected by the light beams of the light bundle according to the contour of the base in the main direction, and on the other have a running at an oblique angle to the central main passage surface passing through surface, are scattered by the light rays of the light beam with respect to the main direction in the scattering direction.
Die Erfindung ermöglicht durch verteilt angeordnete Mikrooptikelemente eine gezielte Streuung von Lichtstrahlen bezüglich einer Hauptrichtung. Die Hauptrichtung der Lichtstrahlen wird durch die Kontur einer Grundfläche der optischen Fläche vorgegeben, auf der eine Mehrzahl von Mikrooptikelementen angeordnet ist. Eine zentrale Hauptdurchlassfläche der Mikrooptikelemente folgt der Kontur der Grundfläche der optischen Fläche, so dass durch diese Hauptdurchlassfläche hindurchtretende Lichtstrahlen so in Hauptrichtung abgelenkt würden, als wenn die optische Fläche in diesem Bereich mit keinem Mikrooptikelement versehen wäre. Lediglich eine Nebendurchlassfläche der jeweiligen Mikrooptikelemente bewirkt eine Streuung der Lichtstrahlen bezüglich der an sich vorgesehenen Hauptrichtung, so dass hierdurch beispielsweise eine Aufweichung der Hell-Dunkel-Grenze in Beleuchtungsvorrichtungen für Fahrzeuge erfolgen kann. Alternativ können diese optischen Flächen auch zur An- gleichung von Lichtverteilungen aus zwei Lichtmodulen einer Beleuchtungsvorrichtung genutzt werden. Alternativ kann die Streuung der Lichtstrahlen über die Nebendurchlassfläche auch zur Erkennbarkeit von hoch gestellten Verkehrsschildern (over head signs: OHS) genutzt werden. The invention allows distributed by micro-optical elements targeted scattering of light rays with respect to a main direction. The main direction of the light beams is given by the contour of a base surface of the optical surface, on which a plurality of micro-optical elements is arranged. A central main transmission surface of the micro-optical elements follows the contour of the base surface of the optical surface, so that light rays passing through this main transmission surface would be deflected in the main direction than if the optical surface in this region were not provided with a micro-optical element. Only a secondary passage area of the respective micro-optical elements causes a scattering of the light beams with respect to the main direction which is provided per se, so that, for example, a softening of the cut-off line in illumination devices for vehicles can take place. Alternatively, these optical surfaces can also be used to equalize light distributions from two light modules of a lighting device. Alternatively, the scattering of the light rays over the secondary passage area can also be used for the recognition of high overhead traffic signs (OHS).
Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird die Nebendurchlassfläche der Mikrooptikelemente durch eine schräge Fläche gebildet, die unter einem vorgegebenen Schrägwinkel von der Hauptdurchlassfläche in Richtung der Grundfläche der optischen Fläche abknickt. Die Mikrooptikelemente können tellerförmig und/oder im Querschnitt trapezförmig (gleichschenklige Trapeze) ausgebildet sein. Der Streuungsgrad bzw. die Aufspreizung von einem Urlichtstrahl erfolgt lediglich durch Vorgabe des Abstandes der Hauptdurchlassfläche zu der Grundfläche sowie dem Schrägwinkel, unter dem sich die Nebendurchlassfläche an die zentrale Hauptdurchlassfläche anschließt. Die Mikrooptikelemente weisen somit eine einfache geometrische Form auf, wobei der Grad der Streuung durch die Anzahl der verteilt über die Grund- fläche der optischen Fläche angeordneten Mikrooptikelemente zusätzlich gesteuert werden kann. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the secondary passage area of the micro-optical elements is formed by an oblique surface, which bends at a predetermined oblique angle from the main passage surface in the direction of the base surface of the optical surface. The micro-optical elements may be dish-shaped and / or trapezoidal in cross section (isosceles trapezoids). The degree of scattering or the spreading of an original light beam takes place merely by specifying the distance of the main passage surface to the base surface and the oblique angle at which the auxiliary passage surface adjoins the central main passage surface. The micro-optical elements thus have a simple geometric shape, wherein the degree of scattering by the number of distributed over the basic Surface of the optical surface arranged micro-optical elements can be additionally controlled.
Nach einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung bilden die Mikrooptikelemente eine Grenzfläche mit der optischen Fläche. Vorteilhaft haben die Mikrooptikelemente hierdurch eine relativ kleine Dimension, die für einen Betrachter von außen nicht wahrnehmbar ist. Die optische Fläche weist somit ein homogenes Erscheinungsbild auf, das die aktuellen Designanforderungen erfüllt. According to a development of the invention, the micro-optical elements form an interface with the optical surface. Advantageously, the micro-optical elements thereby have a relatively small dimension, which is imperceptible to a viewer from the outside. The optical surface thus has a homogeneous appearance that meets the current design requirements.
Weitere Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den weiteren Unteransprüchen. Further advantages of the invention will become apparent from the further subclaims.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. An embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings.
Es zeigen: Show it:
Fig. 1 eine schematische Teilseitenansicht einer optischen Fläche mit einem Mik- rooptikelement und 1 is a schematic partial side view of an optical surface with a micro-optical element and
Fig. 2 einen perspektivischen Teilausschnitt einer optischen Fläche mit verteilt angeordneten Mikrooptikelementen.  Fig. 2 is a perspective partial section of an optical surface with distributed arranged micro-optical elements.
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf optische Flächen, die beispielsweise als Linsenflächen in Beleuchtungsvorrichtungen für Fahrzeuge eingesetzt werden können. Die Beleuchtungsvorrichtung für Fahrzeuge kann beispielsweise als ein Scheinwerfer ausgebildet sein, der ein Projektionsmodul aufweist. Dieses Projektionsmodul weist eine Lichtquelle, einen Reflektor, eine Linse sowie eine zwischen dem Reflektor und der Linse angeordneten Blende auf. Die Blende weist eine Blendkante auf, die zur Abbildung einer Hell-Dunkel-Grenze einer beispielsweise asymmetrischen Abblendlichtverteilung dient. Die Linse ist in Hauptabstrahlrichtung vor dem Reflektor und der Blende angeordnet. Die Linse kann eine ebene Lichteintrittsfläche und eine konvexförmige Lichtaustrittsfläche aufweisen. In Figur 1 ist schematisch eine optische Fläche 1 dargestellt, die beispielsweise einen Teil der Lichteintrittsfläche oder der Lichtaustrittsfläche der Linse bilden kann. Hierdurch kann sie beispielsweise zur Aufweichung der Hell-Dunkel-Grenze bzw. gezielten Einstellung des Härtegrades bzw. Gradientenverlaufes der Hell-Dunkel-Grenze dienen. Alternativ kann diese optische Fläche 1 auch zur Erkennung von hoch angeordneten Verkehrsschildern dienen. The invention relates to optical surfaces which can be used for example as lens surfaces in lighting devices for vehicles. The lighting device for vehicles may, for example, be designed as a headlight having a projection module. This projection module has a light source, a reflector, a lens and a diaphragm arranged between the reflector and the lens. The diaphragm has a glare edge which serves to image a light-dark boundary of, for example, an asymmetrical low-beam distribution. The lens is arranged in the main emission direction in front of the reflector and the diaphragm. The lens may have a flat light entrance surface and a convex light exit surface. FIG. 1 schematically shows an optical surface 1 which, for example, can form part of the light entry surface or the light exit surface of the lens. As a result, it can be used, for example, to soften the light-dark boundary or to selectively adjust the degree of hardness or gradient progression of the cut-off line. Alternatively, this optical surface 1 can also serve for the detection of highly arranged traffic signs.
In Figur 1 ist schematisch ein Teil der optischen Fläche 1 dargestellt, wobei auf einer Grundfläche 2 der optischen Fläche 1 ein tellerförmiges Mikrooptikelement 3 angeformt ist. Das Mikrooptikelement 3 weist eine zentrale Hauptdurchlassfläche 4 sowie eine sich ringförmig anschließende Nebendurchlassfläche 5 auf. Die zentrale Hauptdurchlassfläche 4 weist eine Kontur auf, die einer Kontur der in Normalenrichtung N versetzten Grundfläche 2 entspricht. Die zentrale Hauptdurchlassfläche 4, die beispielsweise als ein ebenes Plateau ausgebildet sein kann, ist somit parallel versetzt zur im Bereich des Mikrooptikelementes 3 angeordneten Grundfläche 2 der optischen Fläche 1 angeordnet. Wenn die Grundfläche 2 in diesem Bereich bogenförmig verläuft, verläuft die zentrale Hauptdurchlassfläche 4 ebenfalls annähernd bogenförmig oder bogenförmig. Wenn die Grundfläche 2 in diesem Bereich eben verläuft - wie in Figur 1 -, verläuft die zentrale Hauptdurchlassfläche 4 ebenfalls eben. Die zentrale Hauptdurchlassfläche 4 verläuft somit annähernd oder konturfolgend zu der Grundfläche 2 der optischen Fläche 1 im Bereich desselben Mikrooptikelementes 3. Das durch die zentrale Hauptdurchlassfläche 4 durchtretende Licht wird somit in Hauptrichtung H umgelenkt genauso wie es durch die Grundfläche 2 der optischen Fläche 1 bei Nichtvorhandensein des Mikrooptikelementes 3 in Hauptrichtung H umgelenkt würde. Ist die Kontur der Grundfläche 2 im Bereich des Mikrooptikelementes 3 eben ausgebildet - wie in Figur 1 dargestellt -, wird das Licht durch die zentrale Hauptdurchlassfläche 4 sowie benachbart zu dem Mikrooptikelement 3 angeordnete Grundfläche 2 in Hauptrichtung H abgestrahlt. FIG. 1 schematically shows a part of the optical surface 1, wherein a plate-shaped micro-optical element 3 is formed on a base surface 2 of the optical surface 1. The micro-optical element 3 has a central main passage surface 4 and an adjoining annular passage surface 5 in an annular manner. The central main passage surface 4 has a contour which corresponds to a contour of the base 2 offset in the normal direction N. The central main passage surface 4, which may be formed, for example, as a flat plateau, is thus arranged offset parallel to the arranged in the region of the micro-optical element 3 base 2 of the optical surface 1. If the base 2 is arcuate in this area, the central main passage 4 also extends approximately arcuate or arcuate. If the base 2 in this area is flat - as in Figure 1 -, the central main passage surface 4 is also flat. The central main passage surface 4 thus runs approximately or contour-following to the base surface 2 of the optical surface 1 in the region of the same micro-optical element 3. The light passing through the central main passage surface 4 is thus redirected in the main direction H as it is through the base surface 2 of the optical surface 1 in the absence of the micro-optical element 3 would be deflected in the main direction H. If the contour of the base 2 in the region of the micro-optical element 3 is planar-as shown in FIG. 1 -the light is radiated through the central main passage 4 and adjacent to the micro-optical element 3 base 2 in the main direction H.
Eine Streuung des Lichtes bezüglich der Hauptrichtung H in Streurichtung S wird durch die als Schrägfläche ausgebildete Nebendurchlassfläche 5 bewirkt, die sich unter einem Schrägwinkel α vorzugsweise eben von der zentrale Hauptdurchlassfläche 4 anschließt und bis zu der Grundfläche 2 der optischen Fläche 1 reicht. Das Mikrooptikelement 3 ist definiert durch einen Abstand h der zentralen Hauptdurchlassfläche 4 zu der Grundfläche 2 sowie durch den Schrägwinkel a, unter dem sich die Nebendurchlassfläche 5 von der zentralen Hauptdurchlassfläche 4 in Richtung der Grundfläche 2 anschließt. Bei Vorgabe dieser Parameter ergibt sich je nach Krümmung der Hauptdurchlassfläche 4 ein Radius R einer Grenzfläche 6 des Mikro- optikelementes 3 zu der Grundfläche 2 der optischen Fläche 1. Der Abstand h zwischen der zentrale Hauptdurchlassfläche 4 und der Grundfläche 2 kann in einem Bereich zwischen 0,001 mm und 0,15 mm liegen. Der Schrägwinkel α kann in einem Bereich zwischen 70° und 89,9° liegen. Im Folgenden ist ein erstes Beispiel für die Dimension von Mikrooptikelementen 3 angegeben, die in einem beliebigen Raster auf einer Lichtaustrittsseite der als eine Linse ausgebildeten optischen Fläche 1 angeordnet sind: A scattering of the light with respect to the main direction H in the direction of scattering S is effected by the auxiliary passage surface 5 which is formed as an inclined surface and adjoins the central main passage surface 4 at an oblique angle α and extends to the base surface 2 of the optical surface 1. The micro-optical element 3 is defined by a distance h of the central main passage surface 4 to the base surface 2 and by the oblique angle a, below which the bypass passage surface 5 connects from the central main passage surface 4 in the direction of the base surface 2. Given these parameters, depending on the curvature of the main transmission surface 4, a radius R of an interface 6 of the micro-optical element 3 to the base 2 of the optical surface 1 results. The distance h between the central main transmission surface 4 and the base 2 can be in a range between 0.001 mm and 0.15 mm. The oblique angle α can be in a range between 70 ° and 89.9 °. The following is a first example of the dimension of micro-optical elements 3 which are arranged in an arbitrary grid on a light exit side of the optical surface 1 formed as a lens:
Alternativ können die Mikrooptikelemente 3 auch rasterartig, vorzugsweise gleich verteilt auf einer Lichteintrittsseite oder Lichtaustrittsseite der als Linse ausgebildeten optischen Fläche 1 angeordnet sein mit folgenden Parametern: Alternatively, the micro-optical elements 3 can also be arranged like a grid, preferably evenly distributed on a light entry side or light exit side of the lens-shaped optical surface 1 with the following parameters:
In Figur 2 sind mehrere gleich über die optische Fläche 1 gleich verteilte Mikrooptikelemente 3' dargestellt, wobei exemplarisch eines der Mikrooptikelemente 3' vergrößert im Schnitt dargestellt ist. Hieraus ist ersichtlich, dass eine zentrale Hauptdurchlassfläche 4' des Mikrooptikelementes 3' annähernd oder genau so gewölbt ist wie eine Grundfläche 2' der optischen Fläche 1'. Eine Nebendurchlassfläche 5' schließt sich stetig an die zentrale Hauptdurchlassfläche 4' an und ermöglicht eine Aufsprei- zung der Lichtstrahlen in einem Winkel γ. Das Mikrooptikelement 3' ist bei dieser Ausführungsform linsenförmig ausgebildet. FIG. 2 shows a plurality of microoptical elements 3 ', which are distributed equally over the optical surface 1, whereby one of the microoptical elements 3' is shown enlarged in section on an exemplary basis. It can be seen that a central Hauptdurchlassfläche 4 'of the micro-optical element 3' is approximately or exactly as curved as a base 2 'of the optical surface 1'. A secondary passage surface 5 'adjoins the central main passage surface 4' continuously and allows the light beams to be spread at an angle γ. The micro-optical element 3 'is formed lens-shaped in this embodiment.
Es versteht sich, dass die Grundfläche 2, 2' der optischen Fläche 1 , 1' eben und/oder konvexförmig oder entsprechend einer Freiformfläche ausgebildet sein kann. It is understood that the base surface 2, 2 'of the optical surface 1, 1' may be flat and / or convex or corresponding to a free-form surface.
Die Mikrooptikelemente 3, 3' sind vorzugsweise gleich verteilt über die gesamte Grundfläche 2, 2' der optischen Fläche 1 oder nur in einem Teilbereich der Grundfläche 2, 2' der optischen Fläche 1 angeordnet. Durch die Anzahl und/oder die Dimension der Mikrooptikelemente 3, 3' im Verhältnis zu der Grundfläche 2, 2' der optischen Fläche 1 lässt sich beispielsweise der Gradientenverlauf des Lichtes in der Hell- Dunkel-Grenze steuern. The micro-optical elements 3, 3 'are preferably distributed evenly over the entire base surface 2, 2' of the optical surface 1 or only in a partial region of the base surface 2, 2 'of the optical surface 1. By the number and / or the dimension of the micro-optical elements 3, 3 'in relation to the base surface 2, 2' of the optical surface 1, for example, the gradient of the light in the cut-off line can be controlled.
Die optische Fläche 1 kann aus einem Glas- oder Kunststoffmaterial bestehen und ist transparent ausgebildet. The optical surface 1 may consist of a glass or plastic material and is transparent.
Bezugszeichenliste LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
1 , 1' optische Fläche 1, 1 'optical surface
2, 2' Grundfläche  2, 2 'footprint
3, 3' Mikrooptikelemente  3, 3 'micro-optical elements
4, 4' zentrale Hauptdurchlassfläche 4, 4 'central main passage area
5, 5' Nebendurchlassfläche5, 5 'secondary passage area
6 Grenzfläche h Abstand 6 interface h distance
H Hauptrichtung  H main direction
S Streurichtung  S scatter direction
N Normalenrichtung  N normal direction
R Radius  R radius
α Schrägwinkel α skew angle

Claims

Optische Fläche und Beleuchtungsvorrichtung für Fahrzeuge Patentansprüche Optical surface and lighting device for vehicles Claims
1. Optische Fläche zur Aufweichung einer Hell-Dunkel-Grenze einer Beleuchtungsvorrichtung für Fahrzeuge mit einem Raster von über eine Grundfläche verteilt angeordneten Optikelementen, mittels derer ein durch die optische Fläche hindurchtretendes Lichtbündel bezüglich einer Hauptrichtung gestreut werden kann, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Optikelemente jeweils als Mikrooptikelemente (3, 3') ausgebildet sind, die zum einen eine Kontur der Grundfläche (2, 2') folgende zentrale Hauptdurchlassfläche (4, 4') aufweisen, durch die Lichtstrahlen des Lichtbündels entsprechend der Kontur der Grundfläche (2, 2') in Hauptrichtung (H) abgelenkt werden, und die zum anderen eine in einem Schrägwinkel (a) zu der zentrale Hauptdurchlassfläche (4, 4') verlaufenden Nebendurchlassfläche (5, 5') aufweisen, mittels derer Lichtstrahlen des Lichtbündels bezüglich der Hauptrichtung (H) in Streurichtung (S) gestreut werden. 1. Optical surface for softening a cut-off of a lighting device for vehicles with a grid of distributed over a base surface arranged optical elements, by means of which a light passing through the optical surface light beam with respect to a main direction can be scattered, characterized in that the optical elements respectively are formed as micro-optical elements (3, 3 ') which on the one hand have a contour of the base surface (2, 2') the following central main passage surface (4, 4 '), by the light rays of the light beam corresponding to the contour of the base surface (2, 2'). ) are deflected in the main direction (H) and on the other hand have a secondary passage surface (5, 5 ') running at an oblique angle (a) to the central main passage surface (4, 4'), by means of which the light rays of the light beam with respect to the main direction (H ) in scattering direction (S).
2. Optische Fläche nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zentrale Hauptdurchlassfläche (4, 4') annähernd die gleiche Kontur oder die gleiche Kontur aufweist wie die in Normalenrichtung (N) parallel versetzt verlaufende Kontur der Grundfläche (2, 2') der optischen Fläche (1). 2. Optical surface according to claim 1, characterized in that the central main passage surface (4, 4 ') has approximately the same contour or the same contour as in the normal direction (N) parallel offset contour of the base surface (2, 2') optical surface (1).
3. Optische Fläche nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die 3. Optical surface according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the
Mikrooptikelemente (3, 3') jeweils tellerförmig ausgebildet sind mit der in einem Abstand (h) von der Grundfläche (2, 2') beabstandeten zentralen Hauptdurchlassfläche (4, 4') und mit der sich ringförmig an die zentrale Hauptdurchlassfläche (4, 4') anschließende« Nebendurchlassfläche (5, 5'), die sich bis zu der Grundfläche (2, 2') der optischen Fläche (1) erstreckt.  Microoptical elements (3, 3 ') are in each case dish-shaped with the central main passage area (4, 4') spaced at a distance (h) from the base surface (2, 2 ') and with which the central main passage area (4, 4') extends annularly ') subsequent «through passage surface (5, 5'), which extends to the base surface (2, 2 ') of the optical surface (1).
4. Optische Fläche nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeich- net, dass die zentrale Hauptdurchlassfläche (4, 4') einen Abstand (h) in einem Bereich zwischen 0,001 mm und 0,15 mm zu der Grundfläche (2, 2') der optischen Fläche (1 ) aufweist. 4. Optical surface according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized net, that the central main passage surface (4, 4 ') has a distance (h) in a range between 0.001 mm and 0.15 mm to the base surface (2, 2') of the optical surface (1).
5. Optische Fläche nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Nebendurchlassfläche (5, 5') unter einem Schrägwinkel (a) im Bereich zwischen 74° bis 89,9° von der zentrale Hauptdurchlassfläche (4, 4') in Richtung der Grundfläche (2, 2') verläuft. 5. An optical surface according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the secondary passage area (5, 5 ') at an oblique angle (a) in the range between 74 ° to 89.9 ° from the central main passage area (4, 4') in the direction of the base (2, 2 ') extends.
6. Optische Fläche nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mikrooptikelemente (3, 3') beabstandet zueinander angeordnet sind, wobei sich zwischen den Mikrooptikelementen (3, 3') die Grundfläche (2, 2') der optischen Fläche (1 ) erstreckt. 6. Optical surface according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the micro-optical elements (3, 3 ') are arranged spaced from each other, wherein between the micro-optical elements (3, 3'), the base surface (2, 2 ') of the optical Surface (1) extends.
7. Optische Fläche nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die optische Fläche (1 ) als eine Linsenfläche für ein Projektionsmodul eines Scheinwerfers ausgebildet ist, wobei der Linse gegebenenfalls eine Blende, gegebenenfalls ein Reflektor und eine Lichtquelle in Hauptabstrahlrichtung nachgelagert sind. 7. Optical surface according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the optical surface (1) is designed as a lens surface for a projection module of a headlamp, wherein the lens optionally a diaphragm, optionally a reflector and a light source are downstream in Hauptabstrahlrichtung ,
8. Optische Fläche nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Grundfläche (2, 2') der optischen Fläche (1) eben und/oder konvexförmig oder entsprechend einer Freiformfläche ausgebildet ist. 8. Optical surface according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the base surface (2, 2 ') of the optical surface (1) is flat and / or convex or formed according to a free-form surface.
9. Optische Fläche nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mikrooptikelemente (3, 3') eine Grenzfläche (6) mit der Grundfläche (2, 2') der optischen Fläche (1) bilden. 9. Optical surface according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the micro-optical elements (3, 3 ') form an interface (6) with the base surface (2, 2') of the optical surface (1).
10. Beleuchtungsvorrichtung für Fahrzeuge mit einer optischen Fläche nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9. 10. Lighting device for vehicles with an optical surface according to one of claims 1 to 9.
EP13753833.6A 2012-08-14 2013-08-14 Optical surface and lighting device for vehicles Active EP2885574B1 (en)

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PCT/EP2013/066980 WO2014027020A1 (en) 2012-08-14 2013-08-14 Optical surface and lighting device for vehicles

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US9810390B2 (en) 2017-11-07
EP2885574B1 (en) 2020-03-11
CN104685290A (en) 2015-06-03

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