EP2877748A2 - Compressor device, and cooling device equipped therewith and refrigeration machine equipped therewith - Google Patents

Compressor device, and cooling device equipped therewith and refrigeration machine equipped therewith

Info

Publication number
EP2877748A2
EP2877748A2 EP13742442.0A EP13742442A EP2877748A2 EP 2877748 A2 EP2877748 A2 EP 2877748A2 EP 13742442 A EP13742442 A EP 13742442A EP 2877748 A2 EP2877748 A2 EP 2877748A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compressor
gas
volume
bellows
working
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13742442.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2877748B1 (en
Inventor
Jens HÖHNE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pressure Wave Systems GmbH
Original Assignee
Pressure Wave Systems GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pressure Wave Systems GmbH filed Critical Pressure Wave Systems GmbH
Publication of EP2877748A2 publication Critical patent/EP2877748A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2877748B1 publication Critical patent/EP2877748B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B43/00—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members
    • F04B43/02—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having plate-like flexible members, e.g. diaphragms
    • F04B43/06—Pumps having fluid drive
    • F04B43/073—Pumps having fluid drive the actuating fluid being controlled by at least one valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B45/00—Pumps or pumping installations having flexible working members and specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04B45/02—Pumps or pumping installations having flexible working members and specially adapted for elastic fluids having bellows
    • F04B45/033—Pumps or pumping installations having flexible working members and specially adapted for elastic fluids having bellows having fluid drive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/22—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00 by means of valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/08—Cooling; Heating; Preventing freezing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle

Definitions

  • Compressor device and a cooling device equipped therewith and a refrigerating machine equipped therewith Compressor device and a cooling device equipped therewith and a refrigerating machine equipped therewith
  • the invention relates to a compressor device and a cooling device equipped therewith or a refrigeration machine equipped therewith.
  • pulse tube coolers or Gifford-McMahon coolers are used for cooling of magnetic resonance tomographs, cryopumps, etc.
  • Gas and in particular helium compressors are used in combination with rotary valves or rotary valves as shown in FIG.
  • a helium compressor 100 is connected to a rotary valve 106 via a high pressure line 102 and a low pressure line 104.
  • the rotary valve 106 is connected via a gas line 108 to a cooling device 110 in the form of a Gifford-McMahon cooler or a pulse tube cooler.
  • the rotary valve 106 alternately the high and low pressure side of the gas compressor 100 is connected to the pulse tube cooler or the Gifford-McMahon cooler.
  • the rate at which compressed helium is introduced and re-exported to the cooling device 100 is in the range of 1 Hz.
  • a disadvantage of such cooling or compressor systems is that the motorized rotary valve 106 causes losses of up to 50% of the input power of the compressor.
  • acoustic compressors or high-frequency compressors in which one or more pistons are caused by a magnetic field in linear resonant vibrations. These resonance frequencies are in the range of a few 10 Hz and are therefore not suitable for use with pulse tube coolers and Gifford McMahon coolers to produce very low temperatures in the range of less than 10 K suitable.
  • a membrane compressor or pump which has a working space that by a elastic, gas and liquid density Membrane is divided into a gas volume and a liquid volume.
  • a liquid pump liquid is periodically pressed into the liquid volume of the working space, whereby the elastic membrane expands in the direction of gas volume and this compresses - compressor function - or pushing out of the gas volume - pump function.
  • a disadvantage is the fact that the gas-liquid-tight and pressure-resistant sealing of the elastic membrane in the working space is comparatively expensive. Especially in the field of sealing, the membrane is heavily loaded, so that either very expensive materials must be used or a shorter life has to be accepted.
  • the compressor device comprises a compressor chamber in which a balloon is arranged.
  • the balloon is periodically pressurized with liquid so that the gas surrounding the balloon is periodically compressed and relaxed again.
  • the disadvantage here is that the balloon envelope can scrape or rub in certain operating conditions on the hard and possibly edged inner surface of the compressor chamber. As a result, due to the pressure conditions Lochying. Cracking in the balloon envelope may occur.
  • the balloon envelope Due to the fact that the gas volume in the balloon and the volume of liquid on the outside, the balloon envelope is always protected by a liquid film on the hard inside (usually made of metal) from damage when due to irregular operating conditions, the balloon shell rubs on the hard inside of the compressor room. Since the working fluid is usually hydraulic oil (claim 9), the protective effect is additionally improved by the lubricating oil effect.
  • a tubular bellows can be used as a membrane.
  • a bellows has the advantage that the construction and the arrangement of the folds increase the volume or volume “directionally" along the longitudinal direction of the bellows, so that frictional contact between the bellows and the hard inside of the compressor chamber is virtually eliminated.
  • the use of a bellows as a compressor diaphragm also provides the gas volume inside the bellows This "directionality" of the volume change can be improved by positively guiding the bellows along a rod with longitudinal bearings.
  • the bellows usually consists of a stainless steel alloy and, with the exception of hydrogen, is extremely gastight for all relevant working gases.
  • a working fluid compensation device is provided.
  • the working fluid leveling device ensures that the correct amount of working fluid in the correct pressure range is always available for the pumping device.
  • the working fluid compensation device is a reservoir for the liquid working fluid.
  • the compressor device may be formed as a non-gas-conveying compressor or as a gas-conveying compressor - claim 3 -.
  • a gas-conveying compressor compressed working gas is supplied via a first working gas connection, which is designed as a high pressure port, a downstream device.
  • Working gas at a lower pressure is fed back into the compressor device via a second working gas connection, which is designed as a low pressure connection - Claim 13.
  • the gas volume is connected to a gas reservoir.
  • the working gas reservoir is connected via a differential pressure regulator with the gas volume of the compressor device. This ensures that the working gas is already precompressed available.
  • the working gas in the gas reservoir is located approximately at the level of the low pressure of the compressor device. If the pressure of the working gas in the compressor device drops below the pressure in the gas reservoir during the expansion phase, working gas flows via the differential pressure regulator from the gas reservoir into the gas volume of the compressor device.
  • the pumping device preferably comprises an electric drive, claim 7, since such a can be easily controlled.
  • Gear pumps are characterized by a long life, low maintenance and low dead volume and are suitable for high pressure applications up to 300 bar.
  • a working fluid preferably hydraulic oil according to DIN 51524 is used, which is additionally dehydrated or anhydrous.
  • the hydraulic oil is in a closed system of pumping device, working fluid equalizing device and fluid volume in the compressor chamber, so that during operation no water from the environment can be absorbed by the hydraulic oil.
  • water can be used as a working fluid, especially when extremely impermeable membrane materials, eg. B. Bellows made of stainless steel, ange- be turned.
  • Water as a working fluid is also advantageous because in the event of defects, water that has penetrated into a downstream cryocooler can be removed more easily than hydraulic oil that has entered a downstream cooler.
  • water is suitable as a working medium in explosion-protected applications, since water is non-flammable and non-explosive. In addition, water is non-toxic and therefore environmentally friendly - claim 9.
  • helium or nitrogen is preferably used as the working gas, depending on the temperature range. Claim 10.
  • the balloon-shaped membrane or the tubular bellows must be impermeable and resistant both for the particular working gas used and for the working fluid. Since a material can not always meet these different requirements, these membranes are preferably multilayered of different materials - claim 1 1. Thus, the membrane can be adjusted both in terms of working fluid and with respect to the working gas.
  • the compressor device according to the invention provides compressed working gas in the frequency range necessary for the Gifford-McMahon cooler and pulse tube cooler - claims 12 to 14.
  • the compressor device is designed as a conveying compressor device, it can be used as a drive for a conventional refrigerating machine.
  • 1 is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the invention as a conveying compressor device
  • 2 shows a schematic representation of a second embodiment of the invention as a conveying compressor device
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic illustration of a third embodiment of the invention as a non-conveying compressor device
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a fourth embodiment of the invention as a non-conveying compressor device
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of a fifth embodiment of the invention as a conveying compressor device
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of a helium compressor device with rotary valve and a cooling device according to the prior art.
  • Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of the compressor device according to the invention, which is designed as a gas or working gas-promoting compressor device.
  • the compressor device comprises a compressor device 2, which has a gas-tight closed compressor chamber 4.
  • a balloon or a balloon-shaped membrane 6 is arranged in the compressor chamber 4.
  • the balloon 6 divides the compressor chamber 4 into a gas volume 8 for a working gas 10 and a liquid volume 12 for a working fluid 14.
  • the gas volume 8 is the interior of the balloon 6 and the fluid volume 12 is the area of the compressor chamber 4 outside the balloon 6
  • Fluid volume 12 outside of the balloon 6 is connected to a first working fluid line 18, which leads out of the compressor chamber 4.
  • the balloon 6 includes a first balloon port 19 connected to the high pressure gas outlet 20 and a second balloon port 21 connected to the low pressure gas outlet 22.
  • the first working fluid line 18 opens into a pumping device 24, which via a second working fluid line 26 is connected to a working fluid compensation device 28 in the form of a working fluid reservoir.
  • working fluid 14 is periodically pressed into the liquid volume 12 via the first working fluid line 18 and let out again.
  • the working gas 10 is compressed in the balloon 6.
  • the working gas 10 expands in the balloon 6 and thereby relaxes.
  • the working gas 10 is periodically compressed in the gas volume 8 in the balloon 6 and relaxed again.
  • the compressed working gas 10 is sent via the high-pressure gas outlet 20 to a downstream consumer, e.g. a cryocooler - not shown - supplied.
  • the working gas 10 is returned to the gas volume 8 in the balloon 6 at a lower pressure, so that the circuit is closed.
  • the working fluid compensation device 28 ensures that sufficient working fluid 14 is always present and can be pumped into the fluid volume 12 in the compressor chamber 4 in order to compress the working gas 10 in the gas volume 8 in the balloon 6.
  • the working gas 10 expands the balloon 6 and working fluid 14 is forced into the working fluid equalizing device 28 via the first working fluid line 18, the pumping device 24 and the second working fluid line 26.
  • Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of the invention, which differs from the first embodiment of Fig. 1 only in that a gear pump 30 is used as a pumping device, which is driven by an electric motor 32.
  • This type of pumping device has proved to be particularly advantageous, since they are characterized by a long service life, low maintenance and low dead volume. Due to their construction, they are suitable for high pressure applications up to 300 bar.
  • Fig. 3 shows a third embodiment of the invention, which differs from the first embodiment of the invention according to Fig. 1 only in that the compressor device is designed as a non-promotional compressor device.
  • the balloon 6 comprised a balloon opening 40 connected to a working gas port 42. This opens into the gas volume 8 in the working gas port 40. About this working gas port 40, the periodic pressure change generated in the gas volume 8 to the downstream cooler - not shown - transferred.
  • Fig. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of the invention, which differs from the third embodiment of Fig. 3 by a working gas balancing device.
  • the working gas balancing device comprises a working gas reservoir 50, which is connected via a first gas line 52, a differential pressure regulator 54 and a common gas line 55 with the gas volume 8 in the balloon 6.
  • the working gas reservoir 50 is also connected via a second gas line 56, a pressure relief valve 58 and the common gas line 55 to the gas volume 8 in the balloon 6.
  • the common gas line 55 opens into the balloon opening 40.
  • the working gas connection 42 branches off from the common gas line 55 and ends in a cooling device 60.
  • Working gas 10 flows into the gas volume 8 in the balloon 6 via the first gas line 52, the differential pressure regulator 54 and the common gas line 55 when the pressure of the working gas 10 in the gas volume 8 drops below the pressure in the working gas reservoir 50 due to low temperatures.
  • the working gas reservoir 50 By means of the working gas reservoir 50, "working gas losses" which can occur in a downstream cooler can thus be compensated for by the differential pressure regulator 54.
  • the working gas 10 to be supplied is already pre-compressed for further compression in the gas volume 8 in the balloon 6.
  • the second gas line 56 , the pressure relief valve 58 and the common gas line 55 working gas 10 can flow into the working gas reservoir 50, if the pressure of the working gas 10 in the gas volume 8 is too high.
  • FIG. 5 shows a fifth embodiment of the invention, which differs from the fourth embodiment according to FIG. 4 only in that, instead of a balloon, a tubular bellows 80 is used which circumscribes the gas volume 8. closes.
  • the bellows 80 has the advantage over the balloon 6 that the increase in volume and the reduction in volume are in each case directed along the longitudinal extent of the tubular bellows 80.
  • the bellows 80 is made of a stainless steel alloy and is extremely gas-tight with the exception of hydrogen for all relevant working gases.
  • the tubular bellows 80 does not bend at maximum volume against the longitudinal extent, the bellows is usually by a arranged in the longitudinal direction of the Faltebalgs stable rod with longitudinal bearings - not shown - out. In this way, it is reliably prevented that the Faltenblag 80 can be damaged by frictional contact with the inner surface of the compressor chamber 4.
  • a gear pump driven by an electric motor can also be used as the pumping device 24 in the embodiment according to FIGS. 3, 4 and 5.
  • Hydraulic oils according to DIN 51524 are suitable as working fluids. These H, HL, HLP and HVLP oils are oils which are well tolerated with common sealants such as NBR (acrylonitrile butadiene rubber) etc. NBR, however, is not sufficiently helium-tight. HF oils are common with commonly used sealing materials
  • the balloon-shaped membrane 6 consists of several layers, for. B. from a working fluid 14 in the form of hydraulic oil facing layer of NBR and from a helium as the working gas 10 facing layer of chlorobutyl.
  • water can be used as a working fluid, especially when extremely impermeable membrane materials, eg. B. bellows Stainless steel, to be used.
  • Water as a working fluid is also advantageous, since in the case of defects, water which has penetrated into a downstream cryocooler can be removed more easily than hydraulic oil which has penetrated into a downstream cooler.
  • water is suitable as a working medium in explosion-protected applications, since water is non-flammable and non-explosive. In addition, water is non-toxic and therefore environmentally friendly.
  • no valve is provided in the working gas connection 42 leading out of the gas volume 8.
  • a valve can be provided here in order to build up a higher pressure difference in the expansion phase of the compressor device 2. Ie. Although the gas volume 8 in the compressor chamber 4 already increases in the expansion phase, the valve in the working gas connection 42 is still closed. Only when a certain pressure difference has built up, this valve is opened. In this way, the backflow of the working gas 10 can be accelerated via the working gas connection 42 into the compressor device 2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an economical compressor device having an elastic membrane (6) and to a cooling device equipped therewith and a refrigeration machine equipped therewith, wherein working liquid (14) is present on one side of the membrane and the working gas (10) to be compressed is present on the other side of the membrane (6). The membrane is designed as a balloon (6) or bellows (80). Because the gas volume (8) is in the balloon (6) and the liquid volume (12) is outside, the balloon shell is always protected from damage by a liquid film on the hard inner surface (generally made of metal) when the balloon shell rubs on the hard inner surface of the compressor chamber due to irregular operating conditions. Because the working liquid is generally hydraulic oil, the protective effect is additionally improved by the lubricating oil effect. Instead of a balloon (6), a tubular bellows (80) can also be used as the membrane. The bellows (80) has the advantage that the volume enlargement or volume reduction is "directed" in the longitudinal direction of the bellows (80) due to the design and the arrangement of the folds. Therefore, rubbing contact between the bellows (80) and the hard inner surface of the compressor chamber (4) is nearly impossible. Thus, if a bellows (80) is used as the compressor membrane, the gas volume (8) can also be provided inside the bellows. This "directedness" of the volume change can be improved by positive guidance of the bellows (80) along a rod having a longitudinal bearing. The bellows (80) is usually made of a stainless steel alloy and is extremely gas-tight for all relevant working gases (10), the exception being hydrogen.

Description

Beschreibung  description
Kompressorvorrichtung sowie eine damit ausgerüstete Kühlvorrichtung und eine damit ausgerüstete Kältemaschine Compressor device and a cooling device equipped therewith and a refrigerating machine equipped therewith
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kompressorvorrichtung sowie eine damit ausgerüstete Kühlvorrichtung oder eine damit ausgerüstete Kältemaschine. The invention relates to a compressor device and a cooling device equipped therewith or a refrigeration machine equipped therewith.
Zum Kühlung von Kernspintomographen, Kryo-Pumpen etc. werden Pulsrohrkühler oder Gifford-McMahon-Kühler eingesetzt. Hierbei kommen Gas- und insbesondere Heliumkompressoren in Kombination mit Rotations- bzw. Drehventilen zum Einsatz wie sie in Fig. 6 dargestellt ist. Ein Helium-Kompressor 100 wird über eine Hochdruckleitung 102 und eine Niederdruckleitung 104 mit einem Drehventil 106 verbunden. Ausgangsseitig wird das Drehventil 106 über eine Gasleitung 108 mit einer Kühlvorrichtung 1 10 in Form eines Gifford-McMahon-Kühlers oder eines Pulsrohrkühlers verbunden. Dabei wird über das Drehventil 106 abwechselnd die Hoch- bzw. Niederdruckseite des Gaskompressors 100 mit dem Pulsrohrkühler oder dem Gifford-McMahon-Kühler verbunden. Die Rate mit der verdichtetes Helium in die Kühlvorrichtung 100 eingeführt und wieder ausgeführt wird liegt im Bereich von 1 Hz. Nachteilig bei solchen Kühl- bzw. Kompressorsystemen ist, dass das motorisch angetriebene Drehventil 106 Verluste von bis zu 50% der Eingangsleistung des Kompressors verursacht. For cooling of magnetic resonance tomographs, cryopumps, etc., pulse tube coolers or Gifford-McMahon coolers are used. Gas and in particular helium compressors are used in combination with rotary valves or rotary valves as shown in FIG. A helium compressor 100 is connected to a rotary valve 106 via a high pressure line 102 and a low pressure line 104. On the output side, the rotary valve 106 is connected via a gas line 108 to a cooling device 110 in the form of a Gifford-McMahon cooler or a pulse tube cooler. In this case, via the rotary valve 106 alternately the high and low pressure side of the gas compressor 100 is connected to the pulse tube cooler or the Gifford-McMahon cooler. The rate at which compressed helium is introduced and re-exported to the cooling device 100 is in the range of 1 Hz. A disadvantage of such cooling or compressor systems is that the motorized rotary valve 106 causes losses of up to 50% of the input power of the compressor.
Es sind auch akustische Kompressoren oder Hochfrequenzkompressoren bekannt, bei denen ein oder mehrere Kolben durch ein Magnetfeld in lineare Resonanzschwingungen versetzt werden. Diese Resonanzfrequenzen liegen im Bereich von einigen 10 Hz und sind daher nicht für die Verwendung mit Pulsrohrkühlern und Gifford- McMahon-Kühlern zur Erzeugung sehr tiefer Temperaturen im Bereich kleiner 10 K geeignet. There are also known acoustic compressors or high-frequency compressors in which one or more pistons are caused by a magnetic field in linear resonant vibrations. These resonance frequencies are in the range of a few 10 Hz and are therefore not suitable for use with pulse tube coolers and Gifford McMahon coolers to produce very low temperatures in the range of less than 10 K suitable.
Aus der CH 457147 B ist ein Membrankompressor oder -pumpe bekannt, die einen Arbeitsraum aufweist, dass durch eine elastische, gas- und flüssigkeitsdichte Membran in ein Gasvolumen und ein Flüssigkeitsvolumen unterteilt ist. Mittels einer Flüssigkeitspumpe wird Flüssigkeit periodisch in das Flüssigkeitsvolumen des Arbeitsraums gedrückt, wodurch die elastische Membran sich in Richtung Gasvolumen ausdehnt und dieses komprimiert - Kompressorfunktion - oder aus dem Gasvolumen herausschiebt - Pumpenfunktion. Nachteilig ist herbei, dass die gas- flüssigkeitsdichte und drückresistente Abdichtung der elastischen Membran in dem Arbeitsraum vergleichsweise aufwendig ist. Insbesondere im Bereich der Abdichtung wird die Membran stark belastet, so dass entweder sehr teuere Materialien verwendete werden müssen oder eine geringere Lebensdauer in Kauf genommen werden muss. From CH 457147 B a membrane compressor or pump is known, which has a working space that by a elastic, gas and liquid density Membrane is divided into a gas volume and a liquid volume. By means of a liquid pump liquid is periodically pressed into the liquid volume of the working space, whereby the elastic membrane expands in the direction of gas volume and this compresses - compressor function - or pushing out of the gas volume - pump function. A disadvantage is the fact that the gas-liquid-tight and pressure-resistant sealing of the elastic membrane in the working space is comparatively expensive. Especially in the field of sealing, the membrane is heavily loaded, so that either very expensive materials must be used or a shorter life has to be accepted.
Aus der DE10344698B4 sind eine Wärmepumpe und eine Kältemaschine mit einer Kompressoreinrichtung bekannt. Die Kompressoreinrichtung umfasst einen Verdichterraum in dem ein Ballon angeordnet ist. Der Ballon wird periodisch mit Flüssigkeit beaufschlagt, so dass das den Ballon umgebende Gas periodisch verdichtet und wieder entspannt wird. Nachteilig hierbei ist, dass der Ballonhülle bei bestimmten Betriebszu- ständen an der harten und eventuell kantigen Innenoberfläche des Verdichterraums in schaben oder reiben kann. Hierdurch können aufgrund der Druckverhältnisse Lochbzw. Rissbildung in der Ballonhülle auftreten. From DE10344698B4 a heat pump and a refrigerator with a compressor device are known. The compressor device comprises a compressor chamber in which a balloon is arranged. The balloon is periodically pressurized with liquid so that the gas surrounding the balloon is periodically compressed and relaxed again. The disadvantage here is that the balloon envelope can scrape or rub in certain operating conditions on the hard and possibly edged inner surface of the compressor chamber. As a result, due to the pressure conditions Lochbzw. Cracking in the balloon envelope may occur.
Ausgehend von der DE10344698B4 ist es daher Aufgabe der Erfindung eine Kompressorvorrichtung anzugeben, die höhere Lebensdauer aufweist und weniger Wartung benötigt. Weiter ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung eine Kühlvorrichtung und eine Kältemaschine mit einer solchen Kompressorvorrichtung anzugeben. Starting from DE10344698B4, it is therefore an object of the invention to provide a compressor device which has a longer service life and requires less maintenance. It is another object of the invention to provide a cooling device and a refrigerator with such a compressor device.
Die Lösung dieser Aufgaben erfolgt durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 , 12 bzw.The solution of these objects is achieved by the features of claim 1, 12 and
15. 15th
Dadurch, dass das Gasvolumen im Ballon und das Flüssigkeitsvolumen außen ist, wird die Ballonhülle immer durch einen Flüssigkeitsfilm auf der harten Innenseite (idR aus Metall) vor Beschädigungen geschützt, wenn aufgrund von irregulären Betriebszu- ständen die Ballonhülle an der harten Innenseite des Verdichterraums reibt. Da es sich bei der Arbeitsflüssigkeit in der Regel um Hydrauliköl handelt (Anspruch 9) wird die Schutzwirkung zusätzlich durch den Schmieröleffekt verbessert. Anstelle eines Ballons kann auch ein schlauchförmiger Faltenbalg als Membran eingesetzt werden. Ein Faltenbalg weist den Vorteil auf, dass durch die Konstruktion und die Anordnung der Falten die Volumenvergrößerung bzw. Volumenverkleinerung „gerichtet" entlang der Längsrichtung des Faltenbalgs erfolgt. Eine reibende Berührung des Faltenbalgs mit der harten Innenseite des Verdichterraums ist damit nahezu ausgeschlossen. Damit kann bei Einsatz eines Faltenbalgs als Verdichtermembran das Gasvolumen auch im Inneren des Faltenbalgs vorgesehen werden. Diese„Gerichtetheit" der Volumenänderung kann durch eine Zwangsführung des Faltenbalgs entlang einer Stange mit Längslager verbessert werden. Der Faltebalg besteht üblicherweise aus einer Edelstahllegierung und ist mit Ausnahme von Wasserstoff für alle relevanten Arbeitsgase extrem gasdicht. Due to the fact that the gas volume in the balloon and the volume of liquid on the outside, the balloon envelope is always protected by a liquid film on the hard inside (usually made of metal) from damage when due to irregular operating conditions, the balloon shell rubs on the hard inside of the compressor room. Since the working fluid is usually hydraulic oil (claim 9), the protective effect is additionally improved by the lubricating oil effect. Instead of a balloon, a tubular bellows can be used as a membrane. A bellows has the advantage that the construction and the arrangement of the folds increase the volume or volume "directionally" along the longitudinal direction of the bellows, so that frictional contact between the bellows and the hard inside of the compressor chamber is virtually eliminated The use of a bellows as a compressor diaphragm also provides the gas volume inside the bellows This "directionality" of the volume change can be improved by positively guiding the bellows along a rod with longitudinal bearings. The bellows usually consists of a stainless steel alloy and, with the exception of hydrogen, is extremely gastight for all relevant working gases.
Gemäß der vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung nach Anspruch 2 wird eine Arbeitsflüssigkeitsausgleichseinrichtung bereit gestellt. Hierdurch ist es möglich herkömmliche Flüssigkeitspumpen, z. b. Zahnradpumpen - Anspruch 8 - zu verwenden. Die Arbeitsflüssigkeitsausgleichseinrichtung sorgt dafür, dass für die Pumpeinrichtung immer die richtige Menge Arbeitsflüssigkeit im richtigen Druckbereich zur Verfügung steht. Im einfachsten Fall ist die Arbeitsflüssigkeitsausgleichseinrichtung ein Reservoir für das flüssige Arbeitsmittel. According to the advantageous embodiment of the invention according to claim 2, a working fluid compensation device is provided. This makes it possible conventional liquid pumps, eg. b. Gear pumps - claim 8 - to use. The working fluid leveling device ensures that the correct amount of working fluid in the correct pressure range is always available for the pumping device. In the simplest case, the working fluid compensation device is a reservoir for the liquid working fluid.
Die Kompressorvorrichtung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung kann als nicht Gas fördernder Kompressor oder als Gas fördernder Kompressor - Anspruch 3 - ausgebildet sein. Im Falle des nicht Gas fördernden Kompressors werden über den einzigen Arbeitsgasanschluss lediglich Druckoszillationen, z. B. für einen damit angetriebenen Kryokühler - Anspruch 12 - bereit gestellt. Als Gas fördernder Kompressor wird komprimiertes Arbeitsgas über einen ersten Arbeitsgasanschluss, der als Hochdruckanschluss ausgelegt ist, einer nachgeschalteten Einrichtung zugeführt. Arbeitsgas mit geringerem Druck wird über einen zweiten Arbeitsgasanschluss, der als Niederdruckanschluss ausgelegt ist, in die Kompressorvorrichtung zurück geführt - Anspruch 13. The compressor device according to the present invention may be formed as a non-gas-conveying compressor or as a gas-conveying compressor - claim 3 -. In the case of non-gas-generating compressor only pressure oscillations, z. B. for a so driven cryocooler - claim 12 - provided. As a gas-conveying compressor, compressed working gas is supplied via a first working gas connection, which is designed as a high pressure port, a downstream device. Working gas at a lower pressure is fed back into the compressor device via a second working gas connection, which is designed as a low pressure connection - Claim 13.
Gemäß der bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung nach Anspruch 4 ist das Gasvolumen mit einem Gasreservoir verbunden. Hierdurch können Volumenverringe- rungen des Arbeitsgases in einem nachgeschalteten Verbraucher, z. B. einem Kühler, aufgrund niedriger Temperaturen ausgeglichen werden. According to the preferred embodiment of the invention according to claim 4, the gas volume is connected to a gas reservoir. As a result, volume reduction ments of the working gas in a downstream consumer, z. As a cooler to be compensated due to low temperatures.
Gemäß der bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung nach Anspruch 5 ist das Arbeitsgasreservoir über einen Differenzdruckregler mit dem Gasvolumen der Verdichtereinrichtung verbunden. Hierdurch wird erreicht, dass das Arbeitsgas bereits vorkomprimiert zur Verfügung steht. Das Arbeitsgas im Gasreservoir befindet sich in etwa auf dem Niveau des Niederdrucks der Verdichtereinrichtung. Sinkt in der Entspannungsphase der Druck des Arbeitsgases in der Verdichtereinrichtung unter den Druck im Gasreservoir ab, strömt Arbeitsgas über den Differenzdruckregler aus dem Gasreservoir in das Gasvolumen der Verdichtereinrichtung. According to the preferred embodiment of the invention according to claim 5, the working gas reservoir is connected via a differential pressure regulator with the gas volume of the compressor device. This ensures that the working gas is already precompressed available. The working gas in the gas reservoir is located approximately at the level of the low pressure of the compressor device. If the pressure of the working gas in the compressor device drops below the pressure in the gas reservoir during the expansion phase, working gas flows via the differential pressure regulator from the gas reservoir into the gas volume of the compressor device.
Durch die Verbindung des Gasreservoirs mit dem Gasvolumen im Verdichterraum über ein Überdruckventil nach Anspruch 6 kann Arbeitsgas in das Arbeitsgasreservoir strömen, falls der Druck des Arbeitsgases im Gasvolumen zu hoch wird. Durch diese Sicherheitsmassnahme werden Beschädigungen der Verdichtereinrichtungen durch Überdruck verhindert. By connecting the gas reservoir with the gas volume in the compressor chamber via a pressure relief valve according to claim 6 working gas can flow into the working gas reservoir, if the pressure of the working gas in the gas volume is too high. This safety measure prevents damage to the compressor units due to overpressure.
Die Pumpeinrichtung umfasst vorzugsweise einen elektrischen Antrieb, Anspruch 7, da sich ein solcher einfach regeln lässt. The pumping device preferably comprises an electric drive, claim 7, since such a can be easily controlled.
Besonders geeignet ist eine Zahnradpumpe als Pumpeinrichtung - Anspruch 8. Zahnradpumpen zeichnen sich durch eine hohe Lebensdauer, geringen Wartungsaufwand und geringem Totvolumen aus und sind für Hochdruckanwendungen bis 300 Bar geeignet. Particularly suitable is a gear pump as a pumping device - claim 8. Gear pumps are characterized by a long life, low maintenance and low dead volume and are suitable for high pressure applications up to 300 bar.
Als Arbeitsflüssigkeit wird bevorzugt Hydrauliköl nach DIN 51524 eingesetzt, das zusätzlich entwässert bzw. wasserfrei ist. Das Hydrauliköl befindet sich in einem geschlossenen System aus Pumpeinrichtung, Arbeitsflüssigkeitsausgleichseinrichtung und Flüssigkeitsvolumen im Verdichterraum, so dass während des Betriebs kein Wasser aus der Umgebung durch das Hydrauliköl aufgenommen werden kann. Alternativ kann auch Wasser als Arbeitsflüssigkeit verwendet werden, insbesondere dann, wenn extrem wasserundurchlässige Membranmaterialien, z. B. Faltenbälge aus Edelstahl, ange- wandt werden. Wasser als Arbeitsmittel ist auch vorteilhaft, da bei Defekten ein in einen nachgeschalteten Kryo-Kühler eingedrungenes Wasser leichter wieder entfernt werden kann als in einen nachgeschalteten Kühler eingedrungenes Hydrauliköl. Auch bietet sich Wasser als Arbeitsmittel bei explosionsgeschützten Anwendungen an, da Wasser nicht brennbar und nicht explosiv ist. Außerdem ist Wasser ungiftig und damit umweltfreundlich - Anspruch 9. As a working fluid preferably hydraulic oil according to DIN 51524 is used, which is additionally dehydrated or anhydrous. The hydraulic oil is in a closed system of pumping device, working fluid equalizing device and fluid volume in the compressor chamber, so that during operation no water from the environment can be absorbed by the hydraulic oil. Alternatively, water can be used as a working fluid, especially when extremely impermeable membrane materials, eg. B. Bellows made of stainless steel, ange- be turned. Water as a working fluid is also advantageous because in the event of defects, water that has penetrated into a downstream cryocooler can be removed more easily than hydraulic oil that has entered a downstream cooler. Also, water is suitable as a working medium in explosion-protected applications, since water is non-flammable and non-explosive. In addition, water is non-toxic and therefore environmentally friendly - claim 9.
Für Kryo-Anwendungen wird je nach Temperaturbereich vorzugsweise Helium oder Stickstoff als Arbeitsgas verwendet - Anspruch 10. For cryogenic applications, helium or nitrogen is preferably used as the working gas, depending on the temperature range. Claim 10.
Die ballonförmige Membran bzw. der schlauchförmige Faltenbalg muss sowohl für das jeweils verwendete Arbeitsgas als auch für die Arbeitsflüssigkeit undurchlässig und resistent sein. Da ein Werkstoff diese unterschiedlichen Anforderungen nicht immer erfüllen kann, sind diese Membranen vorzugsweise mehrschichtig aus unterschiedlichen Materialien aufgebaut - Anspruch 1 1 . Damit kann die Membran sowohl hinsichtlich der Arbeitsflüssigkeit als auch in Hinblick auf das Arbeitsgas angepasst werden. The balloon-shaped membrane or the tubular bellows must be impermeable and resistant both for the particular working gas used and for the working fluid. Since a material can not always meet these different requirements, these membranes are preferably multilayered of different materials - claim 1 1. Thus, the membrane can be adjusted both in terms of working fluid and with respect to the working gas.
Die erfindungsgemäße Verdichtereinrichtung stellt verdichtetes Arbeitsgas im für Gifford-McMahon-Kühler und Pulsrohrkühler notwendigen Frequenzbereich bereit - Anspruch 12 bis 14. The compressor device according to the invention provides compressed working gas in the frequency range necessary for the Gifford-McMahon cooler and pulse tube cooler - claims 12 to 14.
Wenn die Verdichtereinrichtung als fördernde Verdichtereinrichtung auslegt ist, kann sie als Antrieb einen herkömmlichen Kältemaschine genutzt werden - Anspruch 15. If the compressor device is designed as a conveying compressor device, it can be used as a drive for a conventional refrigerating machine.
Die übrigen Unteransprüche beziehen sich auf weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung. Weitere Einzelheiten, Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung verschiedener Ausführungsformen. The remaining subclaims relate to further advantageous embodiments of the invention. Further details, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of various embodiments.
Es zeigt: It shows:
Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform der Erfindung als fördernde Kompressorvorrichtung, Fig. 2 eine schematische Darstellung einer zweiten Ausführungsform der Erfindung als fördernde Kompressorvorrichtung, 1 is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the invention as a conveying compressor device, 2 shows a schematic representation of a second embodiment of the invention as a conveying compressor device,
Fig. 3 eine schematische Darstellung einer dritten Ausführungsform der Erfindung als nicht-fördernde Kompressorvorrichtung, 3 shows a schematic illustration of a third embodiment of the invention as a non-conveying compressor device,
Fig. 4 eine schematische Darstellung einer vierten Ausführungsform der Erfindung als nicht-fördernde Kompressorvorrichtung, 4 shows a schematic representation of a fourth embodiment of the invention as a non-conveying compressor device,
Fig. 5 eine schematische Darstellung einer fünften Ausführungsform der Erfindung als fördernde Kompressorvorrichtung, und Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of a fifth embodiment of the invention as a conveying compressor device, and
Fig. 6 eine schematische Darstellung einer Heliumkompressoreinrichtung mit Drehventil und einer Kühleinrichtung gemäß dem Stand der Technik. Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of a helium compressor device with rotary valve and a cooling device according to the prior art.
Bei der Erläuterung der verschiedenen Ausführungsformen werden gleiche oder einander entsprechende Bauteile mit denselben Bezugszeichen versehen. In the explanation of the various embodiments, the same or corresponding components are given the same reference numerals.
Fig. 1 zeigt eine erste Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Kompressorvorrichtung, die als Gas bzw. Arbeitsgas fördernde Kompressorvorrichtung ausgebildet ist. Die Kompressorvorrichtung umfasst eine Verdichtereinrichtung 2, die einen gasdicht geschlossenen Verdichterraum 4 aufweist. In dem Verdichterraum 4 ist ein Ballon bzw. eine ballonförmige Membran 6 angeordnet. Der Ballon 6 unterteilt den Verdichterraum 4 in ein Gasvolumen 8 für ein Arbeitsgas 10 und in ein Flüssigkeitsvolumen 12 für eine Arbeitsflüssigkeit 14. Das Gasvolumen 8 ist das Innere des Ballons 6 und das Flüssigkeitsvolumen 12 ist der Bereich des Verdichterraums 4 außerhalb des Ballons 6. Das Flüssigkeitsvolumen 12 außerhalb des Ballons 6 ist mit einer ersten Arbeitsflüssigkeits- leitung 18 verbunden ist, die aus dem Verdichterraum 4 herausführt. Der Ballon 6 umfasst eine erste Ballonöffnung 19, die mit dem Hochdruckgasauslass 20 verbunden ist, und ein zweite Ballonöffnung 21 , die mit dem Niederdruckgasauslass 22 verbunden ist. Die erste Arbeitsflüssigkeitsleitung 18 mündet in eine Pumpeinrichtung 24, die über eine zweite Arbeitsflüssigkeitsleitung 26 mit einer Arbeitsflüssigkeitsausgleichseinrichtung 28 in Form eines Arbeitsflüssigkeitsreservoirs verbunden ist. Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of the compressor device according to the invention, which is designed as a gas or working gas-promoting compressor device. The compressor device comprises a compressor device 2, which has a gas-tight closed compressor chamber 4. In the compressor chamber 4, a balloon or a balloon-shaped membrane 6 is arranged. The balloon 6 divides the compressor chamber 4 into a gas volume 8 for a working gas 10 and a liquid volume 12 for a working fluid 14. The gas volume 8 is the interior of the balloon 6 and the fluid volume 12 is the area of the compressor chamber 4 outside the balloon 6 Fluid volume 12 outside of the balloon 6 is connected to a first working fluid line 18, which leads out of the compressor chamber 4. The balloon 6 includes a first balloon port 19 connected to the high pressure gas outlet 20 and a second balloon port 21 connected to the low pressure gas outlet 22. The first working fluid line 18 opens into a pumping device 24, which via a second working fluid line 26 is connected to a working fluid compensation device 28 in the form of a working fluid reservoir.
Durch die Pumpeinrichtung 24 wird Arbeitsflüssigkeit 14 periodisch in das Flüssigkeitsvolumen 12 über die erste Arbeitsflüssigkeitsleitung 18 eingepresst und wieder herausgelassen. Durch das Einpumpen der Arbeitsflüssigkeit 14 in das Flüssigkeitsvolumen 12 wird das Arbeitsgas 10 im Ballon 6 komprimiert. Durch das Ablassen von Arbeitsflüssigkeit 14 in das Arbeitsflüssigkeitsreservoir 28 dehnt sich das Arbeitsgas 10 im Ballon 6 aus und entspannt sich dadurch. Durch das periodische Einpressen von Arbeitsflüssigkeit 14 in das Flüssigkeitsvolumen 12 wird das Arbeitsgas 10 in dem Gasvolumen 8 im Ballon 6 periodisch verdichtet und wieder entspannt. Das verdichtete Arbeitsgas 10 wird über den Hochdruckgasauslass 20 einem nachgeschalteten Verbraucher, z.B. einem Kryo-Kühler - nicht dargestellt - zugeführt. Über den Niederdruckgas- einlass 22 wird das Arbeitsgas 10 mit geringerem Druck wieder in das Gasvolumen 8 im Ballon 6 zurückgeführt, so dass der Kreislauf geschlossen ist. By the pumping device 24 working fluid 14 is periodically pressed into the liquid volume 12 via the first working fluid line 18 and let out again. By pumping the working fluid 14 in the liquid volume 12, the working gas 10 is compressed in the balloon 6. By discharging working fluid 14 in the working fluid reservoir 28, the working gas 10 expands in the balloon 6 and thereby relaxes. By the periodic pressing of working fluid 14 into the fluid volume 12, the working gas 10 is periodically compressed in the gas volume 8 in the balloon 6 and relaxed again. The compressed working gas 10 is sent via the high-pressure gas outlet 20 to a downstream consumer, e.g. a cryocooler - not shown - supplied. Via the low-pressure gas inlet 22, the working gas 10 is returned to the gas volume 8 in the balloon 6 at a lower pressure, so that the circuit is closed.
Die Arbeitsflüssigkeitsausgleichseinrichtung 28 sorgt dafür, dass immer ausreichend Arbeitsflüssigkeit 14 vorhanden ist und in das Flüssigkeitsvolumen 12 im Verdichterraum 4 gepumpt werden kann, um das Arbeitsgas 10 im Gasvolumen 8 im Ballon 6 zu komprimieren. In der Entspannungsphase der Kompressorvorrichtung dehnt das Arbeitsgas 10 den Ballon 6 aus und Arbeitsflüssigkeit 14 wird über die erste Arbeitsflüssigkeitsleitung 18, die Pumpeinrichtung 24 und die zweite Arbeitsflüssigkeitsleitung 26 in die Arbeitsflüssigkeitsausgleichseinrichtung 28 gedrückt. The working fluid compensation device 28 ensures that sufficient working fluid 14 is always present and can be pumped into the fluid volume 12 in the compressor chamber 4 in order to compress the working gas 10 in the gas volume 8 in the balloon 6. In the expansion phase of the compressor device, the working gas 10 expands the balloon 6 and working fluid 14 is forced into the working fluid equalizing device 28 via the first working fluid line 18, the pumping device 24 and the second working fluid line 26.
Fig. 2 zeigt eine zweite Ausführungsform der Erfindung, die sich von der ersten Ausführungsform nach Fig. 1 lediglich dadurch unterscheidet, dass als Pumpeinrichtung eine Zahnradpumpe 30 verwendet wird, die durch einen Elektromotor 32 angetrieben wird. Diese Art der Pumpeinrichtung hat sich als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen, da sie sich durch hohe Lebensdauer, geringen Wartungsaufwand und geringem Totvolumen auszeichnen. Aufgrund ihrer Konstruktion sind sie für Hochdruckanwendungen bis 300 bar geeignet. Fig. 3 zeigt eine dritte Ausführungsform der Erfindung, die sich von der ersten Ausführungsform der Erfindung nach Fig. 1 lediglich dadurch unterscheidet, dass die Kompressorvorrichtung als nicht fördernde Kompressorvorrichtung ausgestaltet ist. Der Ballon 6 umfasste eine Ballonöffnung 40, die mit einem Arbeitsgasanschluss 42 verbunden ist. Damit mündet in das Gasvolumen 8 in den Arbeitsgasanschluss 40. Über diesen Arbeitsgasanschluss 40 wird die in dem Gasvolumen 8 erzeugte periodische Druckänderung auf den nachgeschalteten Kühler - nicht dargestellt - übertragen. Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of the invention, which differs from the first embodiment of Fig. 1 only in that a gear pump 30 is used as a pumping device, which is driven by an electric motor 32. This type of pumping device has proved to be particularly advantageous, since they are characterized by a long service life, low maintenance and low dead volume. Due to their construction, they are suitable for high pressure applications up to 300 bar. Fig. 3 shows a third embodiment of the invention, which differs from the first embodiment of the invention according to Fig. 1 only in that the compressor device is designed as a non-promotional compressor device. The balloon 6 comprised a balloon opening 40 connected to a working gas port 42. This opens into the gas volume 8 in the working gas port 40. About this working gas port 40, the periodic pressure change generated in the gas volume 8 to the downstream cooler - not shown - transferred.
Fig. 4 zeigt eine vierte Ausführungsform der Erfindung, die sich von der dritten Ausführungsform nach Fig. 3 durch eine Arbeitsgasausgleichseinrichtung unterscheidet. Die Arbeitsgasausgleichseinrichtung umfasst ein Arbeitsgasreservoir 50, das über eine erste Gasleitung 52, einen Differenzdruckregler 54 und eine gemeinsame Gasleitung 55 mit dem Gasvolumen 8 im Ballon 6 verbunden ist. Das Arbeitsgasreservoir 50 ist auch über eine zweite Gasleitung 56, ein Überdruckventil 58 und die gemeinsame Gasleitung 55 mit dem Gasvolumen 8 im Ballon 6 verbunden. Die gemeinsame Gasleitung 55 mündet in die Ballonöffnung 40. Der Arbeitsgasanschluss 42 zweigt von der gemeinsamen Gasleitung 55 ab und mündet in eine Kühleinrichtung 60. Fig. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of the invention, which differs from the third embodiment of Fig. 3 by a working gas balancing device. The working gas balancing device comprises a working gas reservoir 50, which is connected via a first gas line 52, a differential pressure regulator 54 and a common gas line 55 with the gas volume 8 in the balloon 6. The working gas reservoir 50 is also connected via a second gas line 56, a pressure relief valve 58 and the common gas line 55 to the gas volume 8 in the balloon 6. The common gas line 55 opens into the balloon opening 40. The working gas connection 42 branches off from the common gas line 55 and ends in a cooling device 60.
Über die erste Gasleitung 52, den Differenzdruckregler 54 und die gemeinsame Gasleitung 55 strömt Arbeitsgas 10 in das Gasvolumen 8 im Ballon 6 nach, wenn der Druck des Arbeitsgases 10 im Gasvolumen 8 aufgrund niedriger Temperaturen unter den Druck im Arbeitsgasreservoir 50 abfällt. Durch das Arbeitsgasreservoir 50 können somit„Arbeitsgasverluste", die in einem nachgeschalteten Kühler auftreten können, ausgeglichen werden. Durch den Differenzdruckregler 54 wird hierbei das nachzuführende Arbeitsgas 10 bereits vorkomprimiert zur weiteren Komprimierung in dem Gasvolumen 8 im Ballon 6 bereitgestellt. Über die zweite Gasleitung 56, das Überdruckventil 58 und die gemeinsame Gasleitung 55 kann Arbeitsgas 10 in das Arbeitsgasreservoir 50 strömen, falls der Druck des Arbeitsgases 10 im Gasvolumen 8 zu hoch wird. Working gas 10 flows into the gas volume 8 in the balloon 6 via the first gas line 52, the differential pressure regulator 54 and the common gas line 55 when the pressure of the working gas 10 in the gas volume 8 drops below the pressure in the working gas reservoir 50 due to low temperatures. By means of the working gas reservoir 50, "working gas losses" which can occur in a downstream cooler can thus be compensated for by the differential pressure regulator 54. The working gas 10 to be supplied is already pre-compressed for further compression in the gas volume 8 in the balloon 6. Via the second gas line 56 , the pressure relief valve 58 and the common gas line 55, working gas 10 can flow into the working gas reservoir 50, if the pressure of the working gas 10 in the gas volume 8 is too high.
Fig. 5 zeigt eine fünfte Ausführungsform der Erfindung, die sich von der vierten Ausführungsform nach Fig. 4 lediglich dadurch unterscheidet, dass anstelle eines Ballons ein schlauchförmiger Faltenbalg 80 eingesetzt wird, der das Gasvolumen 8 um- schließt. Der Faltenbalg 80 hat gegenüber dem Ballon 6 den Vorteil, dass die Volumenvergrößerung und die Volumenverkleinerung jeweils gerichtet entlang der Längserstreckung des schlauchförmigen Faltenbalgs 80 erfolgt. Der Faltenbalg 80 besteht aus einer Edelstahllegierung und ist mit Ausnahme von Wasserstoff für alle relevanten Arbeitsgase extrem gasdicht. Damit der schlauchförmige Faltenbalg 80 bei maximalem Volumen nicht gegen die Längserstreckung abknickt, wird der Faltenbalg in der Regel durch eine in Längsrichtung des Faltebalgs angeordnete stabile Stange mit Längslager - nicht dargestellt - geführt. Auf diese Weise wird sicher verhindert, dass der Faltenblag 80 durch Reibungskontakt mit der Innenfläche des Verdichterraums 4 beschädigt werden kann. 5 shows a fifth embodiment of the invention, which differs from the fourth embodiment according to FIG. 4 only in that, instead of a balloon, a tubular bellows 80 is used which circumscribes the gas volume 8. closes. The bellows 80 has the advantage over the balloon 6 that the increase in volume and the reduction in volume are in each case directed along the longitudinal extent of the tubular bellows 80. The bellows 80 is made of a stainless steel alloy and is extremely gas-tight with the exception of hydrogen for all relevant working gases. Thus, the tubular bellows 80 does not bend at maximum volume against the longitudinal extent, the bellows is usually by a arranged in the longitudinal direction of the Faltebalgs stable rod with longitudinal bearings - not shown - out. In this way, it is reliably prevented that the Faltenblag 80 can be damaged by frictional contact with the inner surface of the compressor chamber 4.
Da bei dem Faltenbalg 80 die Volumenänderung sehr kontrolliert erfolgt, besteht nicht die Gefahr, dass der Faltenbalg an der Innenwand des Verdichterraums 4 schabt und dadurch beschädigt werden könnte. Folglich kann bei Einsatz des Faltenbalgs 80 auch das Gasvolumen 8 und das Flüssigkeitsvolumen 12 vertauscht werden. Since the volume change is very controlled in the bellows 80, there is no risk that the bellows scrapes on the inner wall of the compressor chamber 4 and thereby could be damaged. Consequently, when using the bellows 80, the gas volume 8 and the liquid volume 12 can be reversed.
Ebenso wie bei der zweiten Ausführungsform nach Fig. 2 kann auch bei den Ausführungsform nach Fig. 3, 4 und 5 eine durch einen Elektromotor angetrieben Zahnradpumpe als Pumpeinrichtung 24 eingesetzt werden. As in the case of the second embodiment according to FIG. 2, a gear pump driven by an electric motor can also be used as the pumping device 24 in the embodiment according to FIGS. 3, 4 and 5.
Als Arbeitsflüssigkeit eignen sich Hydrauliköle nach DIN 51524. Diese H, HL, HLP und HVLP Öle sind Öle, die sich mit gängigen Dichtungskunststoffen wie NBR (Acrylnitril- Butadien-Kautschuk) etc. gut vertragen. NBR ist allerdings nicht ausreichend heliumdicht. HF Öle sind häufig mit gängigen Dichtungsmaterialien Hydraulic oils according to DIN 51524 are suitable as working fluids. These H, HL, HLP and HVLP oils are oils which are well tolerated with common sealants such as NBR (acrylonitrile butadiene rubber) etc. NBR, however, is not sufficiently helium-tight. HF oils are common with commonly used sealing materials
(http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste der Kunststoffe) unverträglich. Für heliumdichte Ballons eignet sich Synthesekautschuk wie z. B. Chlorbutyl. Bei Verwendung von Helium als Arbeitsgas 10 ist es daher vorteilhaft, wenn die ballonförmige Membran 6 aus mehreren Schichten besteht, z. B. aus einer der Arbeitsflüssigkeit 14 in Form von Hydraulik- öl zugewandten Schicht aus NBR und aus einer Helium als Arbeitsgas 10 zugewandten Schicht aus Chlorbutyl.  (http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/List of plastics) incompatible. For helium-tight balloons is synthetic rubber such. For example, chlorobutyl. When using helium as working gas 10, it is therefore advantageous if the balloon-shaped membrane 6 consists of several layers, for. B. from a working fluid 14 in the form of hydraulic oil facing layer of NBR and from a helium as the working gas 10 facing layer of chlorobutyl.
Alternativ kann auch Wasser als Arbeitsflüssigkeit verwendet werden, insbesondere dann, wenn extrem wasserundurchlässige Membranmaterialien, z. B. Faltenbälge aus Edelstahl, eingesetzt werden. Wasser als Arbeitsmittel ist auch vorteilhaft, da bei Defekten ein in einen nachgeschalteten Kryo-Kühler eingedrungenes Wasser leichter wieder entfernt werden kann als in einen nachgeschalteten Kühler eingedrungenes Hydraulikol. Auch bietet sich Wasser als Arbeitsmittel bei explosionsgeschützten Anwendungen an, da Wasser nicht brennbar und nicht explosiv ist. Außerdem ist Wasser ungiftig und damit umweltfreundlich. Alternatively, water can be used as a working fluid, especially when extremely impermeable membrane materials, eg. B. bellows Stainless steel, to be used. Water as a working fluid is also advantageous, since in the case of defects, water which has penetrated into a downstream cryocooler can be removed more easily than hydraulic oil which has penetrated into a downstream cooler. Also, water is suitable as a working medium in explosion-protected applications, since water is non-flammable and non-explosive. In addition, water is non-toxic and therefore environmentally friendly.
In den nicht-fördernden Ausführungsformen gemäß den Figuren 3, 4 und 5 ist in dem aus dem Gasvolumen 8 heraus führenden Arbeitsgasanschluss 42 kein Ventil vorgesehen. Es kann hier jedoch ein Ventil vorgesehen werden, um in der Entspannungsphase der Verdichtereinrichtung 2 eine höhere Druckdifferenz aufzubauen. D. h. obwohl sich in der Entspannungsphase das Gasvolumen 8 in dem Verdichterraum 4 bereits vergrößert, ist das Ventil in dem Arbeitsgasanschluss 42 noch geschlossen. Erst, wenn sich eine gewisse Druckdifferenz aufgebaut hat, wird dieses Ventil geöffnet. Auf diese Weise kann die Rückströmung des Arbeitsgases 10 über den Arbeitsgasanschluss 42 in die Verdichtereinrichtung 2 beschleunigt werden. In the non-conveying embodiments according to FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, no valve is provided in the working gas connection 42 leading out of the gas volume 8. However, a valve can be provided here in order to build up a higher pressure difference in the expansion phase of the compressor device 2. Ie. Although the gas volume 8 in the compressor chamber 4 already increases in the expansion phase, the valve in the working gas connection 42 is still closed. Only when a certain pressure difference has built up, this valve is opened. In this way, the backflow of the working gas 10 can be accelerated via the working gas connection 42 into the compressor device 2.
Bezugszeichenliste: LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
2 Verdichtereinrichtung 2 compressor device
4 Verdichterraum  4 compressor room
6 Ballon  6 balloon
8 Gasvolumen  8 gas volume
10 Arbeitsgas  10 working gas
12 Flüssigkeitsvolumen  12 fluid volumes
14 Arbeitsflüssigkeit  14 working fluid
18 erste Arbeitsflüssigkeitsleitung  18 first working fluid line
19 erste Ballonöffnung  19 first balloon opening
20 Hochdruckgasauslass  20 high pressure gas outlet
21 zweite Ballonöffnung  21 second balloon opening
22 Niederdruckgaseinlass Pumpeinrichtung 22 low pressure gas inlet pumping device
zweite Arbeitsflüssigkeitsleitung Arbeitsflüssigkeitsausgleichseinrichtung Zahnradpumpe second working fluid line working fluid equalizing device gear pump
Elektromotor Ballonöffnung Electric motor balloon opening
Arbeitsgasanschluss Arbeitsgasreservoir Working gas connection working gas reservoir
erste Gasleitung first gas line
Differenzdruckregler Differential pressure regulator
gemeinsame Gasleitung common gas line
zweite Gasleitung second gas line
Überdruckventil Pressure relief valve
Kühleinrichtung Faltenbalg Helium-Kompressor Cooling device bellows helium compressor
Hochdruckleitung High-pressure line
Niederdruckleitung Low-pressure line
Drehventil rotary valve
Gasleitung gas pipe
Kühlvorrichtung cooler

Claims

Ansprüche  claims
Kompressorvorrichtung, mit Compressor device, with
einer Verdichtereinrichtung (2), die einen Verdichterraum (4) mit einem definierten Volumen aufweist, und in der eine elastische, gas- und flüssigkeitsdichte Membran (6) den Verdichterraum (4) in ein Gasvolumen (8) mit einem Arbeitsgas (10) und ein Flüssigkeitsvolumen (12) mit einer Arbeitsflüssigkeit (14) unterteilt, einem Arbeitsgasanschluss (20, 22; 40), der in das Gasvolumen (8) mündet, und einer Pumpeinrichtung (24), die die Arbeitsflüssigkeit (14) periodisch in das Flüssigkeitsvolumen (12) pumpt und dadurch das Arbeitsgas (10) im Gasvolumen (8) periodisch komprimiert, dadurch gekennzeichnet, a compressor device (2) having a compressor chamber (4) with a defined volume, and in which an elastic, gas and liquid-tight membrane (6) the compressor chamber (4) in a gas volume (8) with a working gas (10) and a liquid volume (12) with a working fluid (14) divided, a working gas port (20, 22; 40), which opens into the gas volume (8), and a pumping device (24), the working fluid (14) periodically in the liquid volume ( 12) and thereby periodically compresses the working gas (10) in the gas volume (8), characterized
dass die Membran als Ballon (6) oder als Faltenbalg ausgebildet ist, und dass der Ballon (6) oder der Faltenbalg das Gasvolumen (8) umschließen. in that the membrane is designed as a balloon (6) or as a bellows, and in that the balloon (6) or the bellows surround the gas volume (8).
Kompressorvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Pumpeinrichtung (24) mit einer Arbeitsflüssigkeitsausgleichseinrichtung (28) verbunden ist. Compressor device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pumping device (24) is connected to a working fluid compensation device (28).
Kompressorvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in das Gasvolumen (8) ein zweiter Arbeitsgasanschluss (22) mündet, und dass der erste Arbeitsgasanschluss (20) als Hochdruckausgang und der zweite Arbeitsgasanschluss (22) als Niederdruckeingang ausgelegt ist. Compressor device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the gas volume (8), a second working gas port (22) opens, and that the first working gas port (20) is designed as a high pressure outlet and the second working gas port (22) as a low pressure input.
Kompressorvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gasvolumen (8) in dem Verdichterraum (4) über einen dritten Arbeitsgasanschluss (52) mit einem Arbeitsgasreservoir (50) verbunden ist. Compressor device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gas volume (8) in the compressor chamber (4) via a third working gas connection (52) with a working gas reservoir (50) is connected.
5. Kompressorvorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Arbeitsgasreservoir (50) über einen Differenzdruckregler (54) mit dem Gasvolumen (8) in dem Verdichterraum (4) verbunden ist. 5. Compressor device according to claim 4, characterized in that working gas reservoir (50) via a differential pressure regulator (54) with the gas volume (8) in the compressor chamber (4) is connected.
6. Kompressorvorrichtung nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Arbeitsgasreservoir (50) über ein Überdruckventil (58) mit dem Gasvolumen (8) in dem Verdichterraum (4) verbunden ist. 6. A compressor device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that working gas reservoir (50) via a pressure relief valve (58) with the gas volume (8) in the compressor chamber (4) is connected.
7. Kompressorvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Pumpeinrichtung (24) einen elektrischen Antrieb (32) aufweist. 7. Compressor device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pumping device (24) has an electric drive (32).
8. Kompressorvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Pumpeinrichtung (24) eine Zahnradpumpe (30) um- fasst. 8. Compressor device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pumping device (24) comprises a gear pump (30).
9. Kompressorvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Arbeitsflüssigkeit (14) ein Hydrauliköl oder Wasser ist. 9. Compressor device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the working fluid (14) is a hydraulic oil or water.
10. Kompressorvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Arbeitsgas (10) Helium oder Stickstoff ist. 10. Compressor device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the working gas (10) is helium or nitrogen.
1 1 . Kompressorvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ballonformige Membran oder Faltenbalg mehrschichtig aufgebaut sind. 1 1. Compressor device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the balloon-shaped membrane or bellows are constructed in multiple layers.
12. Kühlvorrichtung mit einer Kompressorvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche und einem Gifford-McMahon-Kühler oder einem Pulsrohrkühler, wobei die Verdichtereinrichtung (2) mit dem Gifford-McMahon-Kühler oder dem Pulsrohrkühler gekoppelt ist. 12. Cooling device with a compressor device according to one of the preceding claims and a Gifford-McMahon cooler or a pulse tube cooler, wherein the compressor device (2) is coupled to the Gifford-McMahon cooler or the pulse tube cooler.
13. Kühlvorrichtung nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verdichtereinrichtung (2) einen Hochdruckanschluss (20) aufweist und dass der Gif- ford-McMahon-Kühler oder der Pulsrohrkühler mit dem Hochdruckanschluss (20) der Verdichtereinrichtung (2) verbunden ist. 13. Cooling device according to claim 13, characterized in that the compressor device (2) has a high pressure connection (20) and that the Gif- ford McMahon cooler or the pulse tube cooler with the high pressure port (20) of the compressor device (2) is connected.
14. Kühlvorrichtung nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verdichtereinrichtung (2) einen Niederdruckanschluss (22) aufweist und dass der Gif- ford-McMahon-Kühler oder der Pulsrohrkühler mit dem Niederdruckanschluss (22) der Verdichtereinrichtung (2) verbunden ist. 14. Cooling device according to claim 13, characterized in that the compressor device (2) has a low pressure connection (22) and that the Gif- ford McMahon cooler or the pulse tube cooler with the low pressure port (22) of the compressor device (2) is connected.
15. Kompressorkältemaschine, insbesondere für herkömmliche Kühlschränke, mit einer Kompressorvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 12, einem Verdampfer und einem Kondensator. 15. Compressor chiller, in particular for conventional refrigerators, with a compressor device according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 12, an evaporator and a condenser.
EP13742442.0A 2012-07-27 2013-07-26 Compressor device, and cooling device equipped therewith and refrigeration machine equipped therewith Active EP2877748B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012213293.7A DE102012213293B4 (en) 2012-07-27 2012-07-27 Compressor device and a cooling device equipped therewith and a refrigerating machine equipped therewith
PCT/EP2013/065822 WO2014016415A2 (en) 2012-07-27 2013-07-26 Compressor device, and cooling device equipped therewith and refrigeration machine equipped therewith

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EP2877748A2 true EP2877748A2 (en) 2015-06-03
EP2877748B1 EP2877748B1 (en) 2019-02-06

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EP (1) EP2877748B1 (en)
JP (1) JP6240190B2 (en)
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WO (1) WO2014016415A2 (en)

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WO2014016415A3 (en) 2014-05-15
JP6240190B2 (en) 2017-11-29
JP2015524892A (en) 2015-08-27
EP2877748B1 (en) 2019-02-06
DE102012213293B4 (en) 2018-03-29
US20150128616A1 (en) 2015-05-14
US11231029B2 (en) 2022-01-25
DE102012213293A1 (en) 2014-01-30
WO2014016415A2 (en) 2014-01-30

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