Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
  • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
  • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
  • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
  • A61K47/10—Alcohols; Phenols; Salts thereof, e.g. glycerol; Polyethylene glycols [PEG]; Poloxamers; PEG/POE alkyl ethers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
  • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
  • A61K47/14—Esters of carboxylic acids, e.g. fatty acid monoglycerides, medium-chain triglycerides, parabens or PEG fatty acid esters
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
  • A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K8/0208—Tissues; Wipes; Patches
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/96—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
  • A61K8/97—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution from algae, fungi, lichens or plants; from derivatives thereof
  • A61K8/9783—Angiosperms [Magnoliophyta]
  • A61K8/9789—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
  • A61K9/0014—Skin, i.e. galenical aspects of topical compositions
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
  • A61P17/06—Antipsoriatics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
  • A61P17/10—Anti-acne agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a dressing product comprising an ex- tract of Kigelia africana, and to a method of producing the dressing product.
• the invention also relates to a cosmetic or medical composition for topical application on the skin of a subject, which composition comprises an extract of K. africana.
• the dressing product and the composition are suitable for use in the treatment of skin damages, diseases and conditions.
• the dressing product and the composition provide a longer lasting effect of the activities of K. africana.
• WO 2006/002443 describes pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations based on K. africana.
• the preparations of WO 2006/002443 may be in the form of a cream, ointment or gel, and it is intended as a general pain reliever, an anti-septic, an anti-inflammatory or an anti-pruritic.
• Specific applications are for the treatment of cuts, bruises, insect bites, stings, sun exposure of the skin, psoriasis, eczema, solar keratosis, and cancerous sores.
• FR 2 759 910 also describes cosmetic compositions for skin care and body care containing extracts of K. africana. The may be used for firming of the bust, limiting hair loss, and limiting hair growth. Further skin creams of K. africana are provided by ZW 10292.
• Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth - An overview, S. Saini, H. Kaur, B. Vherma, Ripudaman, S. K. Singh, 2009, Nature Product Radiance, 8: 190-197, and Comprehensive scientific demystification of Kigelia africana : A review, Olatunji A. Gabriel and Atolani Olubunmi, 2009, African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 3: 158-164. Saini et al., 2009, describe how an ethanol extract was tested for pharmacological activity in animal studies in mice and in cell lines. It was concluded from the tests that ethanolic extracts of K. Africana have a significant positive effect on use against skin irritation / oedema and a significant antibacterial/ antimicrobial inhibitory effect on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
• a first aspect the present invention relates to a dressing product comprising a backing layer and an active ingredient layer comprising an extract of Kigelia africana, which active ingredient layer is coated or adhered to the backing layer.
• the extract e.g. an ethanolic extract, from K. Africana, e.g. the fruit, shows a significant effect on treatment skin diseases and conditions, such as psoriasis, eczemas, dermatitis and acne.
• the dressing product of the invention is suitable for application to the skin of a subject, e.g. a human subject, in order to provide the effect of the K. africana extract to the skin of the subject.
• the active ingredient layer may comprise an adhesive, preferably a hydrocolloid adhesive, allowing the dressing product to adhere to the skin of the subject.
• Hydrocolloid adhesives provide excellent adhesive properties to the skin of subject, so that the dressing sticks efficiently.
• the hydrocolloid adhesive will serve as a carrier for the K. africana extract and allowing the active compounds of K. africana to diffuse to the skin of the subject.
• the hydrocolloid adhesive absorbs moisture from damaged skin forming a liquid gel over the damaged skin resulting in delivery of the K. africana extract to the damaged skin.
• the active ingredient layer especially in the form of a hydrocolloid adhesive, provides that the K. africana extract is kept in place on the skin.
• the combined effects of the stickiness of the hydrocolloid adhesive, and the aqueous nature, i.e. the "gel effect" allow a long-term diffusion of the active compounds of K. africana to the skin of the subject where the dressing product is applied.
• Such a long-term effect cannot readily be obtained when the K. africana extract is applied directly to the skin or via a dressing not comprising a hydrocolloid adhesive.
• Any hydrocolloid adhesive may be employed for the dressing of the invention.
• the backing layer may be any suitable material, such as a polymer film or film of non-woven polymer fibres.
• the polymer film may be permeable to gasses, e.g. to allow diffusion of water molecules from the skin or the dressing product, or to allow diffusion of oxygen from the surroundings to the skin.
• the polymer film may also be non-permeable.
• a preferred polymer material is polyurethane.
• the active ingredient layer is coated on or adhered to the backing layer to form the dressing product.
• the hydrocolloid adhesive layer is generally applied to the backing layer as a hot-melt solution, which is applied in its liquid form and allowed to solidify on the backing layer. Due to the sticky and viscous properties of liquid hydrocolloid adhesives it is problematic to mix an active ingredient into the molten hydrocolloid adhesive. This is particularly relevant in industrial scale preparation of dressing products where the viscosity of the hot-melt solution may result in an uneven distribution of the active ingredient in the dressing products, even to the point where certain specimens of the dressing product contain no active ingredient.
• the present inventors have now found that the active ingredient, e.g. in the form of an extract, solution, suspension or the like, may be sprayed onto the dressing product during its manufacture.
• the invention relates to a method of preparing the dressing product of the invention.
• the method comprises the steps of: a) providing a backing layer;
• the K. africana extract may be sprayed onto the backing layer, the solidified hydrocolloid adhesive or both. It is also possible in the method of the invention to prepare a dressing product comprising several layers of the hydrocolloid adhesive where the steps b) to e) are repeated. For exam- pie, after application and formation of a layer of the hydrocolloid adhesive and application of the K. africana extract, another layer of the hydrocolloid adhesive is applied followed by spraying the K. africana extract onto the second layer of hydrocolloid extract.
• the multi-layered method allows formation of a hydrocolloid adhesive on the backing layer where the amount of K. afri- cana extract is controlled over the total thickness of the hydrocolloid adhesive layer.
• the method is generally applicable to other active ingredients.
• the invention relates to a method of preparing a dressing product for the delivery, e.g. transdermal delivery, of an active ingredient. The method comprises the steps of:
• all features of the method of preparing the dressing product of the invention i.e. the dressing product suitable for delivery of a K. africana extract, may be used in the method of preparing a dressing product for the delivery of other active ingredients, so that any embodiment described for the preparation of a dressing product with the K. africana extract is relevant also for other active ingredients, and vice versa.
• any technology for spraying a liquid onto a surface may be applied.
• the liquid with the active ingredient may be sprayed onto the surface using a spray nozzle.
• the liquid with the active ingredient is sprayed onto the backing layer and/or to the solidified hydrocolloid adhesive using ink-jet technology, e.g. piezoelectric ink-jet technology.
• Piezoelectric inkjet technology is advanta- geous in the present invention since this technology allows controlled deposition of active ingredient to the surface of interest.
• the active ingredient may be applied precisely and accurately to the dressing product.
• the dressing product contains multiple layers of the hydrocolloid adhesive it is possible to apply the active ingredient in different amounts in different layers providing control of the concentration of the active ingredient over the thickness of the dressing product.
• application of active ingredient by spraying is contact-free making the production of a dressing easier thus providing a cheaper manufacturing process. Neither of these advantages is readily obtainable when the active ingredient is mixed with a molten hydrocolloid adhesive.
• the liquid to be sprayed onto the backing layer and/or to the solidified hydrocolloid adhesive may contain any component, e.g. auxiliary components, appropriate for the spraying technology employed.
• the liquid comprises a volatile solvent, e.g. ethanol, and the methods may further comprise the step of allowing the volatile solvent to evaporate.
• the liquid comprises 30% ethanol in water, and in another embodiment the liquid comprises 70% ethanol in water; an ethanol concentration of 70% can improve evaporation of both water and ethanol due to the azeotropic effect.
• the method further comprises the step of allowing the active ingredient to diffuse into the hydrocolloid adhesive.
• the liquid is preferably generally aqueous although it may also contain a volatile solvent. Diffusion of the active ingredient into the hydrocolloid adhesive and also evaporation of the volatile solvent may be furthered by increasing the temperature over ambient temperature. Thus for example, in certain embodiments of the method of the invention the steps of allowing the volatile solvent to evaporate and/or allowing the active ingredient to diffuse into the hydrocolloid adhesive may be performed at an increased temperature, e.g. in the range of 50 to 150°C. The increased temperature will, however, generally be below the melting point of the hydrocolloid adhesive.
• the dressing product of the invention may be comprised in a carrier system.
• the carrier system may comprise a foil member supporting the dressing product and a cover member covering the surface of hydrocolloid adhesive.
• the foil member may be a sheet or layer of a material onto which the backing layer may be adhered.
• the foil member may have the same size as the backing layer, or the foil member may be larger than the backing layer so that the backing layer is surrounded by an edge or rim of the material of the foil member.
• Any appropriate material may be used for the foil member, e.g. paper or a polymer film.
• the dressing product may be adhered to the foil member using any appropriate adhesive.
• the hydrocolloid adhesive material may be applied to adhere the dressing product to the foil member.
• the superficial area of the hydrocolloid adhesive is larger than the superficial area of the backing layer so that the hydrocolloid adhesive is allowed to contact the foil member and adhere both the hydrocolloid adhesive and the backing layer, i.e. the dressing product, to the foil member.
• the carrier system further comprises a cover member.
• the cover member may be a sheet or layer of the same material as the foil member, e.g. paper or polymer film, or of another material.
• the cover member covers the hydrocolloid face of the dressing product to prevent premature contact with the hydrocolloid adhesive carrying the active ingredient.
• the cover member preferably allows easy removal of the cover member from the dressing product before application of the dressing product to the skin of a subject.
• the cover member may be siliconised, in particular on the area covering the surface of the hydrocolloid adhesive. The siliconised area allows the cover member to stick to the hydrocolloid surface while being easy to remove before application of the dressing product to the skin.
• the foil member is larger than the hydrocolloid adhesive, e.g.
• the rim of the foil area surrounding the hydrocolloid adhesive may comprise a glue for adhering the foil member to the skin of the subject.
• composition for topical application on the skin of a subject, which composition comprises:
• compositions of the invention are advantageous for the delivery of the active ingredient.
• an extract of K. Africana e.g. an ethanolic extract
• skin diseases and conditions such as psoriasis, eczemas, dermatitis and acne, are advantageously longer lasting when applied in combination with the salts and minerals from the brine.
• the cosmetic or medical composition may be a cream, gel, ointment, lotion or paste. It is also contemplated that the extract of K. africana may be replaced with any other active ingredient and that the advantages of obtaining a longer lasting effect may also be realised for other active ingredients so that the composition of the invention is suitable for transdermal delivery of any active ingredient.
• any extract of K. africana may be used in all aspects of the present invention. It is preferred that the extract is an ethanolic extract from the fruits of the plant.
• Both the dressing product and the cosmetic or medical composition of the invention provide a longer lasting effect of the active compounds of K. africana, than is obtainable when a K. africana extract is applied in a formulation without brine or directly onto the skin. Furthermore, the dressing product and the cosmetic or medical composition also provide a stronger ef- feet of the extract of K. africana.
• Brine e.g. in the form of thermal water
• the brine is a thermal water salts and minerals, e.g. other than NaCI, are advantageous to the skin.
• This effect will also be observed when the brine is derived from e.g. sea water which has been evaporated to saturation of NaCI.
• the resulting mixture produces the unique properties to the transportation of the active compounds from the surface of the skin and into the pores of the skin. Without being bound by theory it is be- lieved that the effect, e.g.
• the moisturising action, from the composition is longer lasting because of the effects of the salts of the brine as a hydrating agent.
• Appropriate thermal waters are those emerging from a depth of 800 meters from Central Europe, where the geothermal temperatures constantly is 20°C (22.1°C per km of depth or 1°F per 70 feet of depth) .
• the saturated brine generally contains about 26% sodium chloride (NaCI) and a range of different minerals.
• the cosmetic or medical composition of the invention may be formulated as a cream or as a gel.
• the composition comprises from 2 to 8 %w/w extract of K. africana, from 40 to 60 %w/w brine and from 30 to 40 %w/w excipients.
• the composition comprises from 5 to 15 %w/w extract of K. africana, from 60 to 80 %w/w brine and from 5 to 15 %w/w excipients, which comprise a gelling agent, e.g. xanthan gum.
• the excipients may be any excipients, in particular excipients known to the skilled person for formulating the composition as a cream or gel, respectively.
• the composition is a cream comprising :
• dicaprylyl carbonate 2.5 %w/w
• the gelling agent is xanthan gum.
• the dressing product and the cosmetic or medical composition of the invention are suitable for use in the treatment of skin damages, diseases and conditions, such as psoriasis, eczemas, dermatitis or acne.
• the dressing product or the composition is for use in medicine, e.g. in the treatment of skin damages, diseases and conditions.
• specific examples of the diseases and conditions are psoriasis, eczemas, dermatitis or acne.
• the dressing product or the composition is for cosmetic use.
• Figure 1 shows photographs of the skin of a subject suffering from psoriasis before and after treatment with a composition of the invention.
• the present invention relates to a dressing product comprising a backing layer and an active ingredient layer comprising an extract of Kigelia africana, which active ingredient layer is coated or adhered to the backing layer, and to a cosmetic or medical composition for topical application on the skin of a subject, which composition comprises: brine 40 - 80 %w/w
• excipients are selected from emulsifiers, suspending agents, gelling agents, binders, fillers, surfactants, anti-oxidants, preservatives, emollients, humectants, moisturisers, natural oils, UV-absorbers, sunscreens, and thickeners.
• extract should be understood broadly and the extract may be prepared using any solvent or supercritical solvent.
• the "extract” is not limited to a liquid form but also comprises the residue provided from a liquid extract after removal of the solvent.
• an extract is prepared by providing a part of a K. africana plant, e.g. fruits, leaves, bark, stem bark, root bark etc., and contacting the plant part with a solvent or supercritical solvent. Prior to extraction, the plant part may be cut into smaller pieces and/or be disrupted to increase the extraction efficiency.
• the extraction may also comprise any other processing step. For example, the plant part may be dried before extraction. In a specific embodiment the fruit of the K.
• Africana tree is cut into smaller pieces, which are dried in a ventilated oven at 75°C for approximately 48 hours before pulverising the smaller pieces.
• One part pulverised fruit is then mixed with 10 parts 30% ethanol in water solution, stirred overnight and filtered.
• the brown water/ethanol phase is spray-dried using maltodextrin as a matrix.
• the spray dried extract can be used directly in the products of the invention or it can be reconstituted in a solvent for use in the method of the invention.
• the extractant may be selected from its polarity in order to selectively extract components of the plant part; appropriate solvents and corresponding components are provided by Saini et al., 2009 and Gabriel et al., 2009 which are hereby incorporated by reference.
• an ethanolic extract of the fruits is preferred .
• the solvent is removed from the extract so that the extract is employed in a dry form.
• the extract is in a dry form.
• the extract is in a liquid form.
• the liquid form may be the extract obtained from the K. africana plant part, e.g. 30% ethanol in water, without spray drying or the liquid form may be reconstituted from a spray dried extract. It is also possible to modify an extract obtained from the K. africana plant part, e.g. when the extract is prepared using 30% ethanol in water the ethanol concentration may be increased, e.g. to 70%, prior to spraying the K.
• the content of K. africana extract is expressed in percent by weight (%w/w). This percentage is thus the dry matter content of the K. africana extract, e.g. as measured after spray drying a liquid extract, relative to the total mass of the composition.
• the extract need not be spray dried in order to estimate the dry matter content, and other methods of estimating the dry matter content are known to the skilled person.
• the dressing product of the invention and the method of preparing the dressing product require an "active ingredient".
• Any active ingredient may be used, preferably the active ingredient is an extract of K. africana.
• the extract of K. africana is not limited to bulk extract but may also be a purified single active compound from K. africana.
• the terms "active ingredient” and " C. africana extract” may be used interchangeably.
• the active ingredient may also be any other pharmaceutically or pharmacologically active agent or a natural remedy or a plant extract.
• the dressing product of the invention is or forms part of a dressing, e.g. when contained in a carrier system .
• a "dressing" is an adjunct used by a person for application to the skin, so that the dressing is in contact with the skin.
• the hydrocolloid adhesive is in contact with the skin in order to adhere to the skin for the dressing to stay in place.
• the presence of the active ingredient, e.g. compounds from K. afri- cana, in the hydrocolloid adhesive provides that the active ingredient is delivered to the skin.
• the dressing may be suitable for application on any part of the subject's skin.
• the dressing product may be used in the treatment of skin damages, diseases and conditions, e.g. psoriasis, eczemas, dermatitis or acne.
• the dressing product is prepared by applying a molten hot-melt hydrocolloid to the backing layer.
• a molten hot-melt hydrocolloid Any hydrocolloid that may be applied in a molten form is considered a "hot-melt hydrocolloid" in the context of the invention.
• Exemplary hot-melt hydrocolloids are carboxymethyl-cellulose or other cellulose derivatives, agar, carrageenan, gelatin, pectin, xanthan gum, gum arabic, guar gum, locust bean gum, and alginate.
• the hydrocoiioid adhesive may also be any mixture of these components, and the hydrocoiioid may also comprise other components, e.g. polymers, excipients or the like.
• the hydrocoiioid adhesive comprises carboxymethyl-cellulose, polyisobutylene, pectin and option- ally one or more further components.
• the hydrocoiioid adhesive may contain about 40% by weight of low molecular weight polyisobutylene, about 20% by weight of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, about 20% by weight of pectin, and about 20% by weight of gelatin.
• the hydrocoiioid may generally serve two functions in the dressing product, and both rely on the ability of the hydrocoiioid material to absorb aqueous liquids. This ability allows the hydrocoiioid material to absorb an active ingredient and deliver it to the skin of a subject.
• liquids such as wound exudates
• liquids may be absorbed to make the hydrocoiioid material swell, forming a gel which is held within the structure of the hydrocoiioid matrix.
• the extract of K. Africana is kept in place by the hydrocoiioid matrix and is therefore in prolonged contact with the skin (as opposed to when used in a topical ointment).
• This provides an enhancement of the properties of K. Africana due to the prolonged active exposure of the extract to the skin. No dressing products of the prior art provide this effect.
• the hydrocoiioid adhesive may be applied to a large surface of the backing material, e.g. a polyurethane film, in particular a permeable polyure- thane film, before being allowed to solidify.
• the thickness of the layer of the hydrocoiioid adhesive may be from about 100 ⁇ to about 5 mm, e.g. about 1 mm.
• the extract of K. afri- cana or the solution of the active ingredient is sprayed onto the hydrocoiioid adhesive, e.g. the surface of the hydrocoiioid adhesive, for example using piezoelectric ink-jet technology.
• the "piezoelectric ink-jet technology” allows precise deposition of droplets of even picoliter volumes of the extract of K. africana or the solution of the active ingredient.
• the liquid may be spotted in volumes from about 1 pL to about 1 ⁇ _ or more, e.g. about 10 pL, about 100 pL, about 1 nl_, about 10 nl_ or about 100 nl_. This may create spot diameters of extract or solution of about 1 ⁇ to about 1 mm.
• This control of application of active compounds by mixing the active compound in a molten hot-melt hydrocoiioid adhesive is not possible.
• Exemplary ink-jet deposition equipment comprises Dimatix Materials Printers, e.g.
• the extract may be adjusted to be suitable for the specific ink-jet equipment.
• the viscosity of the extract may be raised or lowered, e.g. by addition of glycol or ethanol, respectively, to the extract, to bring the viscosity within the range of from about 1 to 50 mPas, e.g. about 10 mPas.
• the viscosity may also be outside these ranges.
• the extract may also be filtered, e.g. through a 0.45 ⁇ or 0.2 ⁇ filter, prior to loading in the ink-jet equipment.
• the extract may now be allowed to diffuse into the hydrocol- loid adhesive, or a volatile solvent may be allowed to evaporate from the hydrocolloid adhesive.
• the extract may for example be prepared as outlined above.
• the spray dried extract is dissolved or suspended in a liquid appropriate for the piezoelectric ink-jet technology.
• the liquid may comprise ethanol as a solvent, with the extract being present in an amount of from 0.1 %w/w to 20 %w/w or more, e.g. from 1 %w/w to 10 %w/w, expressed as the dry weight content of the extract, e.g. the weight of the spray dried extract to the total weight of the solution.
• the extract is not spray dried but may be the filtered extract prepared as outlined above, optionally modified to bring the dry mat- ter content and/or the solvent composition within the desired ranges, e.g. by addition of liquid, such as ethanol, or the removal of liquid.
• liquid such as ethanol
• each piece of dressing product may be applied to a larger sheet of paper, so that the piece of dressing product can be adhered to the piece of paper, e.g. by applying the same hydrocolloid material as used in the preparation of the dressing product in a molten state around the perimeter of the piece of the dressing product.
• the piece of paper now provides the foil member for the piece of dressing product.
• the surface of the hydrocolloid adhesive may now be covered with a cover member, e.g. of the same size and shape as the foil member.
• the cover member is preferably siliconised on the surface contacting the hydrocolloid adhesive in order to allow easy removal and application of the dressing product to the skin of a subject.
• the carrier system comprising the dressing product can then be packaged as desired.
• the invention in another aspect relates to a cosmetic or medical composition
• a cosmetic or medical composition comprising the extract of K. africana and a brine, in particular a brine derived from a thermal water.
• the term "brine” refers to a saturated aqueous salt solution.
• the salt is preferably mineral salt or sea salt, and the major cationic component of the brine is thus sodium ions, and the major anionic component is chloride ions.
• Other ionic components may be sulphate, magnesium, calcium, potassium, bicarbonate, bromide, borate, and strontium.
• the brine is provided by concentrating seawater or saline groundwater.
• seawater or saline groundwater may be heated to evaporate water and to precipitate salts; separation of the precipitated salts will provide the brine.
• the relative contents of sodium and chloride in solution are low- ered compared to the starting material, e.g. sea water, so that the brine will be enriched in other ions, while being saturated in the major components, e.g. sodium and chloride ions.
• the brine is a "thermal water" derived from geothermal heated groundwater, in particular from groundwater with a high mineral and/or salts content.
• the brine e.g. as a saturated solution, comprises about 26% NaCI.
• an "excipient” is any generally pharmacologically inactive substance used as an aid in the formulation of the cosmetic or medical composition, or which provides another non- pharmacologically related function to the composition. Any excipient provid- ing a desired functionality may be employed in the composition of the invention.
• the cosmetic or medical composition may comprise one or more excipi- ents selected from emulsifiers, suspending agents, gelling agents, binders, fillers, surfactants, anti-oxidants, preservatives, emollients, humectants, moisturisers, natural oils, UV-absorbers, sunscreens, and thickeners. Excipi- ents are well-known to the skilled person, e.g. from the European Pharmacopoeia.
• the cosmetic or medical composition is preferably formulated as a cream or a gel.
• a "cream” is a topical preparation for application to the skin generally consisting of an emulsion of an oil phase and a water phase with an appropriate emulsifier. When the composition is formulated as a cream it can be considered to be an oil-in-water emulsion.
• a “gel” is an aqueous composition comprising a gelling agent, which may be a hydrophilic polymer, allowing formation of a viscous solution or suspension. Thus, a cream can be described as "greasy” and the gel can be described as "dry”.
• a greasy cream is especially advantageous when applied to the skin of a subject suffering from dermatitis or psoriasis since the cream will strengthen and restore the lipids in the epidermis which will strengthen the barrier characteristics of the skin.
• a dry gel is especially advantageous when applied to the skin of a subject suffering from acne since the gel will form a thin layer on the skin and pro- vide the effects of the brine and the extract of K. africana. The advantages of the dry gel are also relevant for a subject suffering from psoriasis.
• the composition of the invention may be applied to any part of the skin of a subject, e.g. to skin near or at the subject's joints.
• composition of the invention in the form of a gel was prepared.
• the gel comprised :
• the gel was tested on a subject suffering from psoriasis.
• a typical way of treatment of psoriasis damaged skin : 2-3 times of daily application of the gel containing K. africana and brine.
• the gel provides a thin protecting layer with a significant improving result discovered through a number of tests on psoriasis patients.
• the brine is known to give the protecting layer effect on skin, and in combination with the described positive effects from K. africana achieves a better treatment than could be obtained with either brine or K. africana alone, where the active compounds obtain a longer and more effective contact to skin.
• the pictures in Figure 1 show the results before and after 3 weeks of treatment (3 x applications per day in 21 days) of a psoriasis damaged skin on a left foot.
• the picture in Figure la shows the untreated skin
• the picture in Figure lb shows the result after 21 days of treatment.
• the patient concluded that the level of irritation and itching was significantly bettered using the gel containing K. africana and brine compared to his experience with products only containing brine. This patient describes positive effects after the first 3 times of application. This example is representative for all the conducted tests in this group of patients.
• composition of the invention in the form of a cream was prepared The cream comprised :
• dicaprylyl carbonate 2.5 %w/w
• a typical way of using the cream containing K. africana and brine The product was applied on the irritated skin 2-3 times per day or as needed. Compared to products only containing brine the test on patients conclude, that the combination of K. africana and brine gives a significant healing effect. The itching stops after 1-2 applications and this effect continued as long as the product was applied.

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• 2012
  • 2012-07-25 EP EP12881977.8A patent/EP2877191A4/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2012-07-25 WO PCT/DK2012/050280 patent/WO2014015874A1/en active Application Filing
• 2013
  • 2013-07-25 WO PCT/DK2013/050253 patent/WO2014015881A2/en active Application Filing
  • 2013-07-25 EP EP13747340.1A patent/EP2877250A2/de not_active Withdrawn

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