EP2875847B1 - Gesicherte Atemschutzvorrichtung - Google Patents

Gesicherte Atemschutzvorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2875847B1
EP2875847B1 EP13290293.3A EP13290293A EP2875847B1 EP 2875847 B1 EP2875847 B1 EP 2875847B1 EP 13290293 A EP13290293 A EP 13290293A EP 2875847 B1 EP2875847 B1 EP 2875847B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
module
gas filter
chemical reagent
pipe
less
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EP13290293.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2875847A1 (de
Inventor
Nicolas Clerc
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Naphtachimie SA
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Naphtachimie SA
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B18/00—Breathing masks or helmets, e.g. affording protection against chemical agents or for use at high altitudes or incorporating a pump or compressor for reducing the inhalation effort
    • A62B18/08—Component parts for gas-masks or gas-helmets, e.g. windows, straps, speech transmitters, signal-devices
    • A62B18/088—Devices for indicating filter saturation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B9/00—Component parts for respiratory or breathing apparatus
    • A62B9/006—Indicators or warning devices, e.g. of low pressure, contamination

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to devices for filtering toxic gases using apparatus comprising a filtering mass (generally activated carbon) through which the gaseous fluid and / or the vapors to be filtered containing the toxic gases flows.
  • a filtering mass generally activated carbon
  • the present invention also relates generally to a method for detecting the state of saturation of a filtering mass of a gas filtration device.
  • the present invention finds applications in numerous sectors of industry, in particular for secure respiratory protection devices comprising filter cartridges (generally called gas filters) as well as respiratory masks to protect individuals against the toxic gases that may contain the atmosphere in which they operate.
  • filter cartridges generally called gas filters
  • respiratory masks to protect individuals against the toxic gases that may contain the atmosphere in which they operate.
  • filtering devices are either with free ventilation when the passage of air through the filter is ensured only due to the respiratory exchanges of the user of the device, or with assisted ventilation when for example a motorized ventilator is included in the device (usually worn on the user's belt).
  • assisted ventilation devices usually used to assist ventilation devices.
  • gas filters There are different types of gas filters depending on the nature of the gases or vapors concerned. They are usually designated by a combined marking of letter (s) and a particular color strip according to their affinity for a specific gas and / or a family of gases or vapors.
  • the filter material which constitutes the gas filters is generally activated carbon. It is by a double absorption mechanism, both physical and chemical, that filtration through the filtering mass operates. We will therefore look for a high specific surface area of activated carbon, which is generally obtained by pyrolysis of material containing carbon (for example carbon or a plant material) followed by oxidation with water vapor, which makes it possible to obtain a structure. microporous. A stack of several types of coal is also used. Depending on the type of pollutant, carbon can also be boosted by adding chemical reagents to improve its performance.
  • the most common mechanism in a cartridge to remove gases and vapors from ambient air is absorption.
  • the cartridges contain an active element, generally a grain absorbent, such as activated carbon which has an extensive network of internal pores which can reach the size of a contaminant molecule, thus offering a large contact surface.
  • the carbon traps the gaseous molecules on its surface, in contact with the air laden with contaminant, as it passes through the adsorbent, until saturation. It can be a physical absorption which involves low energy. This is the case for most organic vapors.
  • the activated carbon can be impregnated with a chemical reagent so as to improve its performance as already described above.
  • the different gas filters and therefore in particular the different types of cartridges, can be identified by a code, usually a color code printed on a label.
  • This code is written on each cartridge and makes it possible to identify the type of protection offered, in particular the degree of protection promised by the manufacturer of the said filter (for example by means of the names 1, 2, 3, and their color). It is therefore essential for end users to read the labels carefully to ensure that the filter is suitable for its use; in other words, it will be necessary to ensure that the filter and its characteristics will indeed protect its user from the types of contaminants with which it will be confronted.
  • Anti-gas filters are also characterized by a critical parameter called “saturation time”, also called “breakdown time”. This parameter is decisive for knowing the service life (that is to say the real protection time) of the gas filter. It can be measured according to a standard test procedure whereby the filter is subjected on a bench to a fixed flow of air comprising a predetermined concentration of test gas; the concentration of this gas downstream of the filter is measured and plotted on a graph as described in the figure 1 attached.
  • the breakdown time can be seen on the corresponding curve.
  • the gas filter lets the pollutants through and therefore becomes ineffective.
  • the document GB2264870 describes a device which recycles part of the air exhaled into the inspired air according to a maximum authorized content of C02 in the mixture: fresh air from the filters and recycled air, offered to a user; the other part is released to the atmosphere through a three-way valve or continuous discharge valve system.
  • the main objective of this invention is to extend the theoretical service life of gas filters without improving the control of the service life.
  • the document US6040777 describes a device and a method for indicating the end of life of an adsorption filter in order to plan for its replacement in time. This evaluation is based on methods published by the AIHA, the device used must be preconfigured on the case to be treated before any use.
  • the proposed device is not suitable for the case of mixtures of substances since it evaluates a priori an unwanted variable at the output of the filters on the basis of data relating to a single substance and of ambient measurements performed at the input of the filters. . Even in the event that these measurements indicate the sum of the concentrations of substances, this would not ensure the desired dependability, each substance having a different complex behavior on filters.
  • the implementation of this device / method is not practical.
  • the document US6162281 describes a complex technique which requires modification of filters. Its main objective is to anticipate the end of the effectiveness of such a filter by practicing measurements on the air taken from several zones of the adsorbent relative to a concentration measured in the inlet zone, concentration taken as a floating reference with the aim, according to the inventors, of compensating for the zero drifts of a detector. Besides the necessary modification of the filters to their construction, such a method can only work if the concentration of substance is moderately stable at the inlet of the filter, which is rarely the case in reality.
  • the document EP838243 describes a process for fixing undesirable substances contained in the air on a support previously impregnated with a substance chosen for its odorous and non-harmful properties. The odorous substance is displaced by the undesirable substances to be absorbed above a certain saturation threshold of the absorbent. The odor perceived by a user makes it possible, according to the inventors, to determine the end of life of such a support.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to remedy the majority of the aforementioned drawbacks while providing a practical and effective solution to this problem of detecting the saturation of the gas filter in a secure respiratory protection device.
  • the present invention specifically relates to an individual respiratory protection device as described in claim 1.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for detecting the state of saturation of a filtering mass according to claim 7.
  • the individual respiratory protection device is assisted ventilation.
  • gas filter can also be used to designate the “gas filter assembly” comprising the filtering mass and which can also advantageously include a belt adaptable to the user and / or a motor in the event of assisted ventilation.
  • the individual respiratory protection device also comprises a pipe connecting the gas filter to the protective mask.
  • the chemical reagent indicating the saturation state of the gas filter is positioned between the gas filter and the pipe and / or between the pipe and the mask, preferably directly connected to one of the ends. of the said pipe. This allows the user (or any other person in the vicinity of the user) to easily visualize any change in color of said reagent.
  • the present invention responds to the problems raised by the prior art while providing numerous advantages, among which the following may be cited as nonlimiting examples: the fact that the device is easy to put on implemented and can be used on any site, including sites subject to explosion risks (absence of electrical principle and / or operational combustion); the fact that the device does not interfere with ergonomics because there is no addition of weight, or significant additional volume (the chemical detector is small, compact); the fact that the device is easy to use (for example it can be screwed on easily and its reading is instantaneous according to the color code); the fact that the device has no impact on the air flow rate of the respiratory assistance, nor loss of autonomy of its ventilator; the fact that the detector module and its installation are inexpensive so that it is possible for all categories of personnel to acquire and use it as much as is necessary depending on the interventions to be carried out; the fact that we can select the most appropriate chemical reagent for the environment and therefore for the pollutants present during the interventions to be carried out.
  • the filter mass constituting the gas filter is therefore generally activated carbon.
  • a high specific surface area of activated carbon will be sought, which is generally obtained by pyrolysis of material containing carbon (for example carbon or a vegetable material) generally followed by oxidation with water vapor, which makes it possible to obtain a microporous structure.
  • a stack of several types of coal can also advantageously be used.
  • carbon can also be boosted by adding chemical reagents to improve its performance.
  • the coal can be impregnated with metal salts, such as nickel chloride for the filtration of ammonia, or with chromium and manganese oxides for the filtration of acid gases, such as hydrochloric acid and / or sulfur dioxide.
  • adsorbent can also act as a catalyst, such as hopcalite which converts carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. It therefore breaks down and detoxifies the contaminant while forming a less harmful product.
  • any suitable chemical reagent can be selected by those skilled in the art.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the principle that the said chemical reagent reacts with the and / or harmful and / or toxic and / or dangerous substances which pass through the anti-gas filter due to the saturation of the filtering mass of the latter. .
  • the present invention is therefore characterized by the particular application to the individual respiratory protection device of a chemico-colorimetric principle which is moreover well known in the field of analytical chemistry.
  • the chemical reagent can in fact be composed of two or more chemical reagents allowing differentiated visualization thanks to different colorings as a function of the corresponding chemico-colorimetric reactions.
  • any suitable protective mask can be selected by a person skilled in the art for the device according to the present invention.
  • Waterproof masks fitted with an inspiratory valve connected to the gas filter and an exhalation valve will be particularly preferred for use in accordance with the present invention.
  • the individual respiratory protection device is assisted ventilation.
  • This assisted ventilation is generally provided by automatic management of the air flow by means of a microprocessor which allows the intervention of the user in very demanding environments.
  • the device control system continuously indicates the status of the fan and adjusts the air flow.
  • it includes an advanced alarm system which guarantees operational safety as well as a constant visual display of the state of charge of the battery and the flow rate, with an audible alarm when it is time to turn them on. recharge and / or the air flow is insufficient (which can happen when the filter is clogged).
  • the air flow is preferably greater than or equal to 120 l / min available.
  • the present invention is therefore characterized in that the individual respiratory protection device comprises downstream of the gas filter a chemical reagent which allows, by color change, visual detection of the state of saturation of said gas filter. Thanks to this teaching and to the explanations which follow, a person skilled in the art will be able to adapt existing respiratory protection devices and / or build new devices integrating the principle of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 An individual respiratory protection device according to the present invention is therefore described by means of the sketch of the figure 3 .
  • a protective face mask (30) a ventilated autonomous system (20) comprising the gas filter (represented in the figure by two activated carbon cartridges) and a pipe (4) (corrugated) air; we can also see in (10) the "detector" module characterizing the present invention, said module being integral with the gas filter (in particular the engine block of the gas filter) and the flexible air supply pipe .
  • the “detector” module (10) of the figure 3 is then detailed using the sketch of the figure 4 .
  • a cylindrical module - for example a transparent PVC cylinder screwed between the engine block (1) (for example an autonomous ventilated device of the "MAVA” type) and the air supply pipe (for example a flexible corrugated pipe d air supply to the wearer of the face mask).
  • the module is preferably provided at its two ends with fine grids (not visible in the sketch) allowing the air to pass; according to the invention, the module comprises a double wall containing the chemical reagent (a colorimetric reagent - identified by reference (2) in the sketch) which changes color when it reacts to the presence of toxic gases (for example one or more hydrocarbons).
  • the colorimetric reagent is trapped between the porous grid in contact with the pulsed filtered air and a seal in its upper part.
  • the upper part of the detector is closed by a porous security grid including both the diameter of the preferential passage of the filtered air and the hermetically sealed double wall where the colorimetric reagent is located.
  • the cylinder for supplying filtered air to the wearer of the device is listed under reference (3) in the sketch. Finally, the sketch also refers (5) to the direction of air flow to the wearer.
  • the Figures 5 to 8 annexed therefore represent exploded views of an example of a module according to the present invention as described in detail below.
  • the Figures 5 and 6 correspond to top views of the exploded module; we can see O-rings and a protective grid which covers the entire module before fitting the pipe to the wearer of the mask.
  • the Figures 7 and 8 correspond to views from below of the exploded module; you can see O-rings and a protective grid covering the entire lower part of the module for the entire surface in contact with the reactive crystals. Only the preferential air passage (in the center of the module (10) remains open and free in the upper and lower parts. figure 7 , we can see the contact area with the filtered air and the crystals (2), the sealed tight tube (3) on the grid in the lower part and the preferential ducted air passage (5) from filtration to to the wearer via the mask.
  • the figure 9 represents a photograph of the module whose description has already been given above for the figure 4 .
  • a cylindrical module transparent PVC cylinder
  • the module threads have been designed so that they can be inserted into existing devices without having to make the slightest modification, which obviously represents a considerable advantage of the present invention.
  • the receptacle for the double-walled chemical reagent is characterized in that its contact surface with the air passage towards the user is sealed (surface identified by means of the reference (3) in the figure 7 ).
  • the device according to the present invention has therefore made it possible to eliminate any interpretation of a perceived odor most often linked to the mask leakage rate and / or to incorrect positioning of said mask on the wearer's face.
  • This device is particularly intended to respond to the constraint of petrochemical and / or refining sites with the presence of chemicals in the “ACD or CMR” working atmosphere, which imposes on the personnel who provide maintenance and production to wear respiratory protection.
  • the invention therefore covers a passive detection device because it does not use an electrical operating principle (such as a measurement of potential difference / or of combustion as for a semiconductor); this allows the module to fulfill the ATEX certification and operational safety requirements, essential on explosion risk sites.
  • the module does not affect ergonomics: there is no addition of additional weight or volume on the existing.
  • the detector module is small, compact and easy to use: it is simply screwed on and reading is instantaneous according to the color code.
  • the module does not generate any change in MAVA flow nor loss of autonomy (A and P of the fan).
  • the detector module is inexpensive so that it is possible for all categories of personnel to acquire it and use it as much as necessary depending on the interventions to be carried out.
  • the characteristic of the colorimetric reagents makes it possible to detect all pollutants without distinction (HC) once the cartridge is saturated and the chemical passes through it; it is not frozen as can be a filter cartridge manufacturer's chart; and it adapts to the different values of “binary mode” products.

Claims (7)

  1. Persönliches Atemschutzgerät mit künstlicher Beatmung (20), das einen mit einer Schutzmaske (30) für die Atemwege verbundenen Gasschutzfilter und einen Schlauch (4) aufweist, der den Gasschutzfilter mit der Schutzmaske verbindet, wobei das Gerät stromabwärts des Gasschutzfilters ein chemisches Reagenz (2) aufweist, das durch Farbänderung die visuelle Erfassung einer Angabe des Sättigungszustands des Gasschutzfilters ermöglicht, wobei das chemische Reagenz, das den Sättigungszustand des Gasschutzfilters anzeigt, zwischen dem Gasschutzfilter und dem Schlauch und/oder zwischen dem Schlauch und der Maske angeordnet ist, vorzugsweise direkt mit einem der Enden des Schlauches verbunden ist, wobei das chemische Reagenz in ein Modul (10) integriert ist, das mit dem Schlauch fest verbunden ist, und das Modul eine Doppelwand aufweist, in der das chemische Reagenz eingeschlossen ist, um das Eindringen des chemischen Reagenzes in die Maske zu verhindern.
  2. Gerät nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Modul (10) zylindrisch und transparent ist.
  3. Gerät nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Volumen des Moduls (10) weniger als 50 cm3, z.B. weniger als 30 cm3, beträgt.
  4. Gerät nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gewicht des Moduls (10) weniger als 500 Gramm, vorzugsweise weniger als 200 Gramm, beträgt.
  5. Gerät nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Modul (10) an beiden Enden eine Adaptervorrichtung aufweist, mit der es leicht mit dem Schutzgerät verbunden werden kann, z.B. ein Standard-Schraubengewinde.
  6. Gerät nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das chemische Reagenz (2) weniger als 75 %, weniger als 50 %, z.B. weniger als 30 % des Volumens des Moduls, einnimmt.
  7. Verfahren zum Nachweis des Sättigungszustandes des Schutzgasfilters des persönlichen Atemschutzgeräts nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es den visuellen Nachweis durch Farbveränderung des chemischen Reagenzes (2) umfasst, das sich stromabwärts des Schutzgasfilters befindet.
EP13290293.3A 2013-11-26 2013-11-26 Gesicherte Atemschutzvorrichtung Active EP2875847B1 (de)

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EP13290293.3A EP2875847B1 (de) 2013-11-26 2013-11-26 Gesicherte Atemschutzvorrichtung

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EP13290293.3A EP2875847B1 (de) 2013-11-26 2013-11-26 Gesicherte Atemschutzvorrichtung

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EP2875847B1 true EP2875847B1 (de) 2020-03-11

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Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113075366A (zh) * 2015-04-29 2021-07-06 霍尼韦尔国际公司 用于整合多个化学传感器数据以检测未测化合物的系统

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4873970A (en) * 1986-04-22 1989-10-17 Auergesellschaft Gmbh Warning device to indicate the state of gases exhaustion of a gas filter retaining dangerous gases

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4132680C2 (de) * 1991-10-01 1994-02-10 Draegerwerk Ag Atemschutzmaske mit Innenhalbmaske und Schadstoffindikator
WO1995012432A1 (en) * 1993-11-05 1995-05-11 Purecab Australia Pty. Ltd. Respiratory filter indicator

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4873970A (en) * 1986-04-22 1989-10-17 Auergesellschaft Gmbh Warning device to indicate the state of gases exhaustion of a gas filter retaining dangerous gases

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