JP6370366B2 - 層状フィルターカートリッジのための耐用期間終了指示システム - Google Patents
層状フィルターカートリッジのための耐用期間終了指示システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP6370366B2 JP6370366B2 JP2016500780A JP2016500780A JP6370366B2 JP 6370366 B2 JP6370366 B2 JP 6370366B2 JP 2016500780 A JP2016500780 A JP 2016500780A JP 2016500780 A JP2016500780 A JP 2016500780A JP 6370366 B2 JP6370366 B2 JP 6370366B2
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- Prior art keywords
- adsorption
- layer
- filter cartridge
- filter
- adsorption layer
- Prior art date
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- Expired - Fee Related
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- 206010011906 Death Diseases 0.000 title description 8
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 171
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 169
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 68
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 28
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000012491 analyte Substances 0.000 description 14
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
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- 239000000809 air pollutant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 231100001243 air pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 6
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- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 4
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- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
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- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000007534 Acacia tetragonophylla Species 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000533950 Leucojum Species 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011045 prefiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- SVONRAPFKPVNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOCCOC(C)=O SVONRAPFKPVNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004887 air purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
- B01D53/0407—Constructional details of adsorbing systems
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- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B18/00—Breathing masks or helmets, e.g. affording protection against chemical agents or for use at high altitudes or incorporating a pump or compressor for reducing the inhalation effort
- A62B18/08—Component parts for gas-masks or gas-helmets, e.g. windows, straps, speech transmitters, signal-devices
- A62B18/088—Devices for indicating filter saturation
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- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B9/00—Component parts for respiratory or breathing apparatus
- A62B9/006—Indicators or warning devices, e.g. of low pressure, contamination
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- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
- B01D53/0454—Controlling adsorption
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B19/00—Cartridges with absorbing substances for respiratory apparatus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B7/00—Respiratory apparatus
- A62B7/10—Respiratory apparatus with filter elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D2259/414—Further details for adsorption processes and devices using different types of adsorbents
- B01D2259/4141—Further details for adsorption processes and devices using different types of adsorbents within a single bed
- B01D2259/4145—Further details for adsorption processes and devices using different types of adsorbents within a single bed arranged in series
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- B01D2259/4541—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for portable use, e.g. gas masks
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- B01D35/00—Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
- B01D35/14—Safety devices specially adapted for filtration; Devices for indicating clogging
- B01D35/143—Filter condition indicators
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- B01D35/14—Safety devices specially adapted for filtration; Devices for indicating clogging
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- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
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- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
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- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
- B01D53/0407—Constructional details of adsorbing systems
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
- Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
- Treatment Of Liquids With Adsorbents In General (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Fluid Adsorption Or Reactions (AREA)
Description
フィルターカートリッジ耐用期間決定
32L/分の流れ及び50%の相対湿度における1,000ppmヘプタンの課題に対してカートリッジを検証することによって、耐用期間を測定した。耐用期間を、出口上で45ppmのヘプタンを観察することによって測定した。溶媒の濃度は、ポンプ設定を45.446mL/時間にしたPharmacia pump P−500 Seriesによって供給された。出口濃度は、GowMac Instrument Co.製のGOWMAC Series 23−550 Total Cardrocarbon analyzer FIDを使用して測定した。FID設定は、範囲2、空気圧22、燃料圧26、サンプル圧1、及びスパン4.28であった。相対湿度を、Edgetech冷却鏡面露点湿度計によってモニターした。
カートリッジC1の調製:
サンプルフィルターカートリッジを、カートリッジ本体を用いて組み立て、スノーフレークカラムを用いて103立方センチメートル(cm3)のSM−1で充填した。
上述の組み立てたカートリッジを、上述の試験方法を用いて耐用期間の終了に関して試験した。フィルターカートリッジ内のセンサーが耐用期間終了に到達したことを示す時点が書き留められた。漏出点も書き留められ、平均耐用期間として記録された。この測定した漏出までの耐用期間終了(平均耐用期間)の比は、標準偏差とともに計算された。比は、カートリッジ使用者に対して10%の事前警告時間を提供するために、0.90以下であることが望ましい(現在のNIOSH要件)。これらのデータを表1に示す。
カートリッジ1〜4の調製:
サンプルフィルターカートリッジを、カートリッジ本体を用いて組み立て、スノーフレークカラムを用いて表2に示す量の吸着材料で充填した。比較実施例C1は、参照として含まれる。
上述の組み立てたカートリッジを、上述の試験方法を用いて耐用期間の終了に関して試験した。フィルターカートリッジ内のセンサーが耐用期間終了に到達したことを示す時点が書き留められた。漏出点も書き留められ、平均耐用期間として記録された。この測定した漏出までの耐用期間終了(平均耐用期間)の比は、標準偏差とともに計算された。比は、カートリッジ使用者に対して10%の事前警告時間を提供するために、0.90以下であることが望ましい(現在のNIOSH要件)。これらのデータを表3に示す。
Claims (4)
- 気体媒体から汚染物質を除去することが可能なフィルターカートリッジであって、
気体入口と、
フィルター媒体と、
気体出口と、を含む、封止されたカートリッジハウジングを備え、
前記フィルター媒体が、
第1吸着層と、
前記第1吸着層よりも前記気体出口に近接する第2吸着層であって、標準温度及び圧力における所与の課題蒸気に関して、前記第1吸着層が前記第2吸着層より高い吸着容量及び/又は高い吸着速度を有する、第2吸着層と、
検出要素であって、前記検出要素の指示要素が前記第1吸着層と前記第2吸着層との間の境界面に位置付けられるように、前記第1吸着層及び第2吸着層に隣接する、検出要素と、を含む多層構造を有する、
フィルターカートリッジ。 - 前記第2吸着層についての吸着係数A2に対する、前記第1吸着層についての吸着係数A1の比が、A1/A2>1であり、吸着層についての吸着係数が、式:
A=kv×SL
(式中、A=吸着係数であり、
kv=有効吸着速度係数(分−1)であり、
SL=耐用期間(分)、すなわち標準温度及び圧力において前記所与の課題蒸気が1%漏出に到達するのに必要な時間である)から決定される、請求項1に記載のフィルターカートリッジ。 - 気体から汚染物質を濾過する方法であって、
フィルターカートリッジを提供する工程であって、前記フィルターカートリッジが、
気体入口と、
フィルター媒体と、
気体出口と、を含む封止されたカートリッジハウジングを備え、
前記フィルター媒体が、
第1吸着層と、
前記第1吸着層よりも前記気体出口に近接する第2吸着層であって、標準温度及び圧力における所与の課題蒸気に関して、前記第1吸着層が前記第2吸着層より高い吸着容量及び/又は高い吸着速度を有する、第2吸着層と、
検出要素であって、前記検出要素の指示要素が前記第1吸着層と第2吸着層との間の境界面に位置付けられるように、前記第1吸着層及び前記第2吸着層に隣接する、検出要素と、を有する多層構造を含む、工程と、
気体を、前記フィルターカートリッジを通して流す工程と、
前記検出要素で検出応答を検知する工程と、
前記フィルターカートリッジを取り換える工程と、を含む、方法。 - 前記第2吸着層についての吸着係数A2に対する、前記第1吸着層についての吸着係数A1の比が、A1/A2>1であり、吸着層についての吸着係数が、式:
A=kv×SL
(式中、A=吸着係数であり、
kv=有効吸着速度係数(分−1)であり、
SL=耐用期間(分)、すなわち標準温度及び圧力において前記所与の課題蒸気が1%漏出に到達するのに必要な時間である)から決定される、請求項3に記載の方法。
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US61/786,795 | 2013-03-15 | ||
PCT/US2014/021513 WO2014149917A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-03-07 | End of service life indicating systems for layered filter cartridges |
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JP (1) | JP6370366B2 (ja) |
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CN105102103B (zh) | 2017-08-18 |
AU2014237705A1 (en) | 2015-10-08 |
BR112015023574A2 (pt) | 2017-07-18 |
RU2617483C2 (ru) | 2017-04-25 |
JP2016518960A (ja) | 2016-06-30 |
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