EP2872372A2 - Apparatus for monitoring the functionality of heating elements of a heatable switch - Google Patents

Apparatus for monitoring the functionality of heating elements of a heatable switch

Info

Publication number
EP2872372A2
EP2872372A2 EP13756359.9A EP13756359A EP2872372A2 EP 2872372 A2 EP2872372 A2 EP 2872372A2 EP 13756359 A EP13756359 A EP 13756359A EP 2872372 A2 EP2872372 A2 EP 2872372A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switch
temperature
rail
rails
sensor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13756359.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2872372B1 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Windolf
Peter Faubel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2872372A2 publication Critical patent/EP2872372A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2872372B1 publication Critical patent/EP2872372B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L1/00—Devices along the route controlled by interaction with the vehicle or train
    • B61L1/20—Safety arrangements for preventing or indicating malfunction of the device, e.g. by leakage current, by lightning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L27/00—Central railway traffic control systems; Trackside control; Communication systems specially adapted therefor
    • B61L27/50—Trackside diagnosis or maintenance, e.g. software upgrades
    • B61L27/53—Trackside diagnosis or maintenance, e.g. software upgrades for trackside elements or systems, e.g. trackside supervision of trackside control system conditions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B7/00—Switches; Crossings
    • E01B7/24—Heating of switches

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for monitoring the functionality of heating elements of a heatable switch and a method for monitoring the functionality of a heatable switch.
  • Rail vehicles are moved on, also referred to as track, tracks, the two parallel steel
  • the two rails are at a distance from each other that corresponds to the gauge of the rail vehicles used.
  • switches are provided.
  • the two rails of a track hereinafter referred to as stock rails, split on two tracks by the distance between them is increased.
  • a V-shaped running track, the so-called core arranged as soon as the distance between the Ba ⁇ ckenschienen corresponds to twice the track width.
  • Each free end of the centerpiece forms an independent track with the respective jaw rail.
  • two pivotable switch blades are arranged in the region of the frog. Depending on the setting of the switch, one of them lies on the inside of the associated stock rail, wherein this switch blade extends substantially at a distance of the track width to the opposite stock rail. To this stock rail, the remaining Wei ⁇ Chen tongue is spaced. To allow a lane change, the two switch blades are pivoted, so that in each case one of the switch blades rests against the associated stock rail and the other switch blades is spaced from the stock rails.
  • Herkömm ⁇ SHORT- switches are therefore heated in such a weather by means of heating elements, if an ambient temperature ⁇ a certain track section is less than a predetermined temperature or placed next to a so-called guide switch snow sensor reports a precipitate.
  • the heating elements are either stands as electrical resistance or gas-powered combustion devices. Afters taltet ⁇ . To check the function of the heating elements, the current flowing through them or the gas flow is measured. It can not be recognized, for example, whether the heating element has detached from the switch, and consequently the heating of the switch is not ready for operation.
  • rail network which may also include means for controlling the points.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a particularly ge ⁇ suitable device for checking the functionality of heating elements of a heatable switch of a rail network. Another object of the invention is to provide a particularly suitable method for this purpose.
  • the device serves to monitor the functionality of a heatable switch of a rail network.
  • a switch is understood to mean, in particular, a track construction that allows rail vehicles to transition from one track to another without interrupting the journey.
  • the tracks also referred to as track, in this case have two means of Schwel ⁇ learning held rails that extend except in the region of the switch substantially parallel to each other.
  • the tracks and points are referred to collectively as a rail network.
  • the switch itself has a number of rails, in ⁇ example, a first stock rail and a second shoe ⁇ rail, between which two switch blades are pivotally mounted.
  • the switch blades also referred to as wing tongues or wing rails, are connected in the region of a heart of the switch.
  • both heating elements are at the same ⁇ bar and spaced to each other.
  • the heating elements are located in the region of the contact surface of one of the switch blades on the respective stock rail and are, for example, attached to the first stock rail.
  • a first temperature sensor and in the region of the second heating element, a second temperature sensor of a sensor arrangement of the device is arranged, wherein the temperature sensors abut against the respective rails.
  • the sensors are located directly on the associated rail, so are in direct heat exchange with them.
  • the device comprises an evaluation unit, by means of which the measured values supplied by the temperature sensors are processed.
  • the functional test is increased, especially as the temperature around the heating elements, and is preferably in the range of contact points are determined. In other words, the temperature is measured where a risk of functional safety of the switch end risk of icing of the switch in a faulty ⁇ failed or failed heating element.
  • the sensor arrangement comprises at least two further temperature sensors, which are arranged on a further rail in the region of heating elements mounted there.
  • both stock rails means are per ⁇ wells heated at least two heating elements in the region of which in each case one of the temperature sensors is arranged.
  • each of the stock rails is heated by means of five heating elements and a corresponding number of temperature sensors is attached to the respective stock rail.
  • the rail temperature of each stock rail can be determined separately.
  • at least one of the temperature sensors is arranged on the side of the associated rail opposite the respective heating element. In other words, the associated rail is located between the heating element and the temperature sensor.
  • each temperature sensor of the device is arranged on the side of the associated rail opposite the respective heating element. Due to the placement of the temperature sensors on the opposite side of the heating element, the temperature value of the time jewei ⁇ rail detected by the temperature sensor jeweili ⁇ gene and is not affected by any existing heat accumulating in the area of the heating element. Thus, the diagnostic quality is increased.
  • a fifth temperature sensor is placed in a sleeper compartment of the switch.
  • the fifth temperature sensor it is thus possible to infer any possible Ver ⁇ ice a pivoting the blade tongues mechanism of the switch, which can occur in addition to a freezing of the blade tongues on the respective stock rail, and thus affects the functioning of the switch.
  • a sixth temperature sensor is arranged on one of the rails of the switch, and is in particular in direct contact with it.
  • the sixth temperature sensor is spaced apart from all the heating elements of the junction, and preferably sämtli ⁇ chen heating elements of the rail network.
  • the distance to the next heating element is at least the sliding surfaces ⁇ rail and advantageously to all the heating elements of the rail network, at least 50 m, for example 100 m, and especially 150 m or more.
  • a rail is therefore one of the two jaw rails or one of the two wing rails of the switch into consideration.
  • the sixth temperature sensor is mounted on one of the feeder tracks of the switch, thus either on the track formed by the shoe rails, or one of the two tracks formed from one of the stock rails and one of the rails of the frog.
  • the sixth temperature sensor may be substantially the temperature of the unheated rail network determines the ⁇ . This makes it possible, on the one hand, to check whether heating of the switch is still necessary due to the ambient temperature and, on the other hand, how much degrees the temperature temperature of the stock rails has been increased by the respective heating elements or is.
  • the sensor arrangement expediently has a sensor for monitoring activation of the heating elements.
  • This sensor is, for example, a gas flow sensor connected to a gas supply line of the heating elements designed as gas burners. If the heating elements are operated with electric current, the sensor is an electric current sensor. Alternatively or in combination therewith, an electrical voltage across ⁇ is monitored, which is applied to at least one of the heating elements with the sensor.
  • ⁇ for the sensor to a supply line of the heating elements is electrically contacted.
  • the temperature sensors have their own, shared energy supply.
  • the temperature sensors are electrically contacted with each other and with an energy source serving as an energy source.
  • the energy source ⁇ is particularly an energy storage, such as a battery.
  • each temperature sensor each has its own energy source. In this way, ei ⁇ ne cabling of the individual temperature sensors together is not required, as in the use of a common power supply or a connection to a supply network, which on the one hand reduces the assembly cost, and at the other hand, a ⁇ installation in existing switches he ⁇ laubt. Furthermore, because of the essentially self-sufficient power supply, a power failure of the switch and the heating elements can be identified, which increases the operational reliability of the switch Be ⁇ .
  • the temperature sensors to a transmission ⁇ unit by means of which the temperature sensors are coupled to the evaluation unit.
  • the coupling takes place by means of Bluetooth or W-LAN or another radio standard or wireless data transmission method.
  • each temperature sensor has its own transmitting unit, which reduces cabling costs when mounting the sensor unit.
  • each temperature sensor has its own energy supply and its own transmitting unit, so that each temperature sensor is present as a substantially self-sufficient unit.
  • each temperature sensor need only be secured at the intended location and signal technically coupled by radio or other wireless transmission method to the evaluation unit.
  • the method for monitoring the functionality of a heatable switch of a rail network provides that in a first step, the switch is heated.
  • a stock rail of the switch is heated to ⁇ special.
  • Legally advantageous ⁇ the area of the stock rails is heated, which is provided for establishment of a switch blade of the switch.
  • the temperature is detected in two areas of the junction, whereby in each case in particular at least a map used to Be ⁇ heating of the heating element switch is in the fields.
  • a temperature value is formed. This example corresponds to the detected Tem ⁇ temperature in the respective area. In other words Consequently, two temperature values are formed, one of the detected temperatures being used for each of these.
  • the temperature values are compared with a threshold value. If one of the temperature values is below the threshold, then a malfunction of the point heater is inferred. In contrast, a functionality of the point heater is assumed in particular at a temperature value above or equal to the threshold value.
  • the threshold is either fixed or adapted to current requirements. For example, the threshold is 0 ° C.
  • the temperature of the switch Due to the determination of the temperature of the switch can be deduced on the functionality of the point heater, the temperature is monitored directly. Consequently, not only the temperature is detected to start heating the switch, but rather the result of heating the switch is checked. In this way it can be ensured to ⁇ reliably whether the switch is icy.
  • a protectorsstö ⁇ tion is only then closed when the heating elements driven who the.
  • the areas are suitably along one of the rails of the switch. In this way, the temperature of this rail can be reliably determined.
  • the temperature is detected in areas of a izoflä surface of the switch blade on one of the stock rail of the switch. Consequently, a temperature ⁇ determination is there increased the diagnostic quality whether a foiled ⁇ solution of the switch is present in at least.
  • the method provides that both jaws ⁇ rails of the switch are heated.
  • the temperature is determined on each of the stock rails in two areas in each case. summarizes and creates a temperature value. In other words, there are thus four temperature values. In this way, it is possible to reliably determine icing of the switch, in particular whether one of the two switch blades is frozen to the respective associated tie bar.
  • an independent threshold value is used for the comparison of the temperature values for each stock rail.
  • the temperature values that were created from temperatures recorded at a common rail in different areas are compared with an associated threshold value in each case.
  • differences of the individual rails are taken into account, which are caused at ⁇ play of differently acting environmental influences, such as sunlight, or the vicinity of the crossover.
  • the temperatures used for comparison are detected substantially simultaneously and the temperature values thus have the same time of creation. So ⁇ with different factors influencing the switch can be excluded due to a temporal impact.
  • the temperature of the switch is additionally detected in a threshold compartment and / or at a distance from all heating elements of the rail, and from this a temperature value is set. In this way the diagnostic quality is increased.
  • the threshold of the mean value of all temperature-started is raturumble that are expediently essentially created gleichzei ⁇ kind, minus a guard value.
  • each created temperature value is suitably compared to the threshold value. If one of them is below the threshold, a malfunction is detected.
  • the security value is firmly pre ⁇ give and is 10 ° C or less. In this way, a calibration of different thresholds for the switch is not required. Rather, this will be automatic adapted to different environmental conditions and operating situa ⁇ tions of the switch. Therefore, any further parameterization of the threshold value or the detection or determination of a reference temperature can be dispensed with.
  • Example ⁇ as both stock rails, are monitored and in each case a separate threshold value is used, the respective threshold values by means of the mean value of the temperature is created that were created from the detected at this same rail temperatures. In each case, a security value is deducted from the mean, which is the same or different for both rails.
  • the temperature values are divided into groups as an alternative to similar Ge ⁇ give units are exposed.
  • a number of temperature sensors which are arranged in the region of a heated tube, combined into a group, and an average of the created by these temperature values, from which the security value is subtracted.
  • the threshold created in this way is used only for a comparison of the temperature values of this group.
  • the same threshold herangezo ⁇ gene which is gebil- det from the average of all temperature values for all temperature values.
  • a security value of 0 ° C is conceivable, as long as the temperature is detected at a distance from all heating elements.
  • the temperature value created by means of this temperature contributes to the formation of the threshold value (s), but is not compared with the respective threshold value.
  • this temperature value contributes to the determination of the respective threshold value.
  • this temperature value can serve for the decision as to whether heating of the switch is required.
  • the backup ⁇ set value in particular to a positive value.
  • the result of the function test on egg ⁇ ne maintenance control center or a centralized track control station is transmitted.
  • the result or the value of the function check are either the determined temperature values or particularly preferably a binary value. This indicates, for example, whether all the determined temperature values are above or below the threshold value and whether it is thus possible to operate the points in winter-proof operation. Alternatively, it is transmitted as a binary value, whether the winter safe operation of the switch is possible, so whether the point heater works correctly.
  • the transmission takes place by radio or by means of another wireless data transmission method. Due to the radio transmission cabling of the switch with the central or the control center is not erforder ⁇ Lich, which reduces material and cost.
  • FIG. 3 shows a method for monitoring the functionality of the point heating.
  • a switch 2 of a rail network is shown, which can be heated by means of heating elements 4, to prevent freezing of moving parts of the switch in an unfavorable weather.
  • heating elements 4 both at the inside of a first stock rail 6, a first heating element ⁇ 4a and 4b a second heating element and on the inside of a second stock rail 8, a third Bankele ⁇ element 4c and a fourth heating element 4d arranged.
  • the inner ⁇ side here refers to the mutually facing sides of the stock rails 6, 8 between the stock rails 6, 8 are first and second switch blade 10, 12 pivotally angeord- net, wherein the heating elements 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d in a in Area of the contact surface of the first switch blade 10 on the first stock rail 6 and the contact surface of the second Wei ⁇ Chen tongue 12 on the second stock rail 8 are.
  • a fifth heating element 4e is mounted for heating thereof, wherein the threshold compartment 14 accommodates a mechanism for moving the switch blades 10, 12.
  • the heating elements 4 are designed as electrical heating resistors, so-called heating rods, and are energized by means of a drive circuit 16 via a respective supply line 18 in case of need.
  • the device 20 includes an evaluation ⁇ unit 22, which may be integrated in the driving circuit sixteenth
  • the evaluation unit 22 is on the one hand with a War ⁇ tung control center 24 and on the other hand connected to sensors 26, a sensor arrangement 28 of the device 20 by radio signal technology.
  • each sensor 26 each has its own transmitting unit 30.
  • each sensor 26 is provided with its own power supply, which may be a lead-acid battery. In this way, a cabling of the sensors 26 with each other and with the evaluation unit 22 is not required.
  • One of the sensors 26 is a first temperature sensor 26a and a second temperature sensor 26b, which are in direct thermal contact with the first stock rail 6.
  • the first temperature sensor 26a is located on the first heating element 4a and the second temperature sensor 26b on the side of the first stock rail 6 opposite the second heating element 4b.
  • the first stock rail 6 wherein the heating elements 4a, 4b and the temperature sensors 26a, 26b are each on the same side of the stock rail 6.
  • a third temperature sensor 26c and a fourth temperature sensor 26d abut the second stock rail 8 of the switch 2.
  • the temperature of the respective stock rail 6, are determined 8 without 4a on the temperature of the depending ⁇ stays awhile stock rail 6, 8 heated heating element 4b 4c, 4d itself to be influenced.
  • the sensor arrangement 28 further comprises a fifth temperature sensor 26e arranged in the threshold compartment 14 and a sensor sixth temperature sensor 26f.
  • the sixth temperature sensor 26g is in this case at a comparatively large From ⁇ stood to the heating elements 4 and is applied to the first stock rail. 6 Due to the placement, the stock rail 6 in the area of the fourth temperature sensor 26g is not heated by any of the heating elements 4, and in particular not by the first heating element 4a or the second heating element 4b. Consequently, with the sixth temperature sensor 26f, even with the first heating element 4a and / or the second heating element 4b activated, the temperature which could be detected by the first temperature sensor 26b or second temperature sensor 26b when the first heating element 4b or the second heating element 4b is not activated is determined.
  • One of the sensors 26 of the sensor arrangement 28 is a current and / or voltage sensor 26g.
  • the current and / or voltage sensor 26g of the electrical current or the electrical voltage can be determined, which flows over the versor ⁇ supply lines 18 to the heating elements 4 and applied there.
  • the current and / or voltage sensor 26g is electrically contacted with a switch-on contactor of the drive circuit 16. It is also conceivable that only a binary value is determined by means of the current and / or voltage sensor 26g, whether the heating elements 4 are currently operated.
  • FIG. 3 shows in a flow chart a method 31 by means of which the heating elements 4 and the device 20 are operated.
  • the method 31 thus serves to monitor the functionality of the switch 2.
  • the temperature of the switch 2 is averaged ⁇ .
  • one of the temperature sensors 26 of the sensor arrangement 28 is used for this purpose.
  • the heating elements 4 are energized in a heating step 32 by means of the on-control circuit 16.
  • an electrical voltage is applied to the supply lines 18. This is done by means of the current and / or voltage Sors 26g registered and transmitted to the evaluation unit 22 via radio.
  • the first switch point 10 is substantially simultaneously on the one hand both with the first temperature sensor 26a and with the second temperature sensor 26b in the area of the contact surface the first stock rail 6 determines the temperature 34a, 34b. Ande ⁇ hand, with the third temperature sensor 26c and the fourth temperature sensor 26d in the region of the contact surface of the second switch point 12 on the second stock rail 8, the respective temperature 34c, 34d detected. Likewise, the respective temperature 34e or 34f is detected at the same time by means of the fifth temperature sensor 26e and the sixth temperature sensor 26f.
  • a temperature value 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e, 36f is created from the respectively detected temperatures.
  • the temperature values 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e, 36f correspond to the respective temperature, ie the value of the detected temperature 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e, 34f.
  • a first mean value 38a is formed from the first, second, fifth and sixth temperature values 36a, 36b, 36e, 36f, and a second average value 38b is formed from the third, fourth and sixth temperature values 36c, 36d, 36f. Consequently, the mean value of ⁇ 38b formed from the temperature in the region of the contact surface of the second switch rail 12 to the second stock rail 8, whereby via the sixth temperature value, the temperature Tem ⁇ the unheated filter 2 flows with 36f.
  • the first mean 38a is created, and in addition the temperature 36e of the sleeper 14 is ⁇ be taken into account here.
  • the two mean values 38a, 38b are used as a threshold value 40a, 40b, whereby, depending on the nature of the surface 2, a respective value 38a, 38b of the respective mean value 38a, 38b is used. deducted, which may be 5 ° Celsius. This fuse value is required if the temperature value 36f created by means of the sixth temperature sensor 26f is not used for averaging.
  • a comparison step 42 the temperature values 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e created by means of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth temperature sensors 26a, 26b, 26c, 26d, 26e are compared with the respective threshold values 40a, 40b. So the temperature values 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e depending ⁇ each with the threshold value 40a, 40b, they contributed to their creation.
  • the sixth temperature value 36f corresponding to the Tempe ⁇ temperature of the unheated filter 2 is compared with no threshold value 40a, 40b.
  • a message is sent in a message step 46 by radio to the maintenance center 24 that the functionality of the heating of the switch 2 is not given. Rather, the switch 2 is heated only insufficiently by means of the heating elements 4, so that it can not be ruled out that at least one of the switch blades 10, 12 is frozen to the corresponding stock rail 6 and 8 respectively. In this case, either the control of the heating elements 4 is changed by means of the drive circuit 16.
  • the track portion containing the filter 2 is locked to the ⁇
  • the Wei 10 used 12th
  • the process 31 is repeated continu ously ⁇ as long as the heating elements are operated by means of the drive circuit 4 sixteenth
  • the temperature generated by the sixth temperature sensor 26f may be used ⁇ value 36f. This indicates the temperature of the stock rail 6, which would adopt them 4 in a shutdown of the heating ⁇ .
  • only two heating elements 4 and two or three temperature sensors 26 are shown on each stock rail 6, 8.
  • heating elements 4 and temperature sensors are, depending on the size of the switch 2, located on the JE introductory rails 6, 8 26, wherein the temperature values established by means of the Sen ⁇ sensors 26 36 contribute to the creation of the two threshold value 40a, 40b.
  • the first threshold value 40a is created by means of the temperatures 34 which were detected at the first stock rail 6, and the second threshold value 40b by means of the temperatures 34 which were detected at the two stock rail 8.
  • the detection of Tempe ⁇ temperatures 34 takes place substantially simultaneously, and the number ⁇ At both of the heating elements 4 and the sensors 26 per rail 6, 8 is between five and ten, for example six.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Railway Tracks (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates firstly to an apparatus (20) and secondly to a method (31) for monitoring the functionality of a heatable switch (2) in a rail network. The apparatus (20) has an evaluation unit (22) and a sensor arrangement (28), which comprises a first temperature sensor (26a), which rests in the region of a first heating element (4a) on one of the rails of the switch (2), in particular a stock rail (6, 8), and a second temperature sensor (26b), which rests in the region of a second heating element (4b) on one of the rails of the switch (2), in particular the same rail (6, 8, 10, 12).

Description

Beschreibung description
Vorrichtung zur Überwachung der Funktionsfähigkeit von Heizelementen einer beheizbaren Weiche Device for monitoring the functionality of heating elements of a heatable switch
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Überwachung der Funktionsfähigkeit von Heizelementen einer beheizbaren Weiche sowie ein Verfahren zur Überwachung der Funktionsfähigkeit einer beheizbaren Weiche. The invention relates to a device for monitoring the functionality of heating elements of a heatable switch and a method for monitoring the functionality of a heatable switch.
Schienenfahrzeuge werden auf, auch als Spur bezeichneten, Gleisen bewegt, die zwei zueinander parallele stählerne Rail vehicles are moved on, also referred to as track, tracks, the two parallel steel
Schienen umfassen. Die beiden Schienen weisen einen Abstand zueinander auf, der der Spurweite der verwendeten Schienen- fahrzeuge entspricht. Zum Halten des Abstands sind die Schie¬ nen auf Schwellern aus Holz, Beton, Stahl oder dergleichen befestigt, die sich im Wesentlichen quer zur Ausbreitungs¬ richtung der Schienen erstrecken. Um einen Wechsel eines Schienenfahrzeugs von einer Spur auf eine andere Spur ohne Unterbrechung der Fahrzeugbewegung zu ermöglichen, sind Weichen vorgesehen. Dabei werden die beiden Schienen eines Gleises, im Weiteren als Backenschienen bezeichnet, auf zwei Gleise aufgespalten, indem der Abstand zwischen diesen erhöht wird. Zwischen den beiden Backenschienen wird eine V-förmig verlaufende Schiene, das sogenannte Herzstück, angeordnet, sobald der Abstand zwischen den Ba¬ ckenschienen dem doppelten der Spurweite entspricht. Jedes Freiende des Herzstücks bildet mit der jeweiligen Backen- schiene ein eigenständiges Gleis. Include rails. The two rails are at a distance from each other that corresponds to the gauge of the rail vehicles used. For keeping the distance the pushing ¬ NEN mounted on sills made of wood, concrete, steel or the like, which extend transversely to the propagation direction of the rails substantially ¬. To enable a change of a rail vehicle from one lane to another lane without interrupting the vehicle movement, switches are provided. Here, the two rails of a track, hereinafter referred to as stock rails, split on two tracks by the distance between them is increased. Between the two stock rails, a V-shaped running track, the so-called core, arranged as soon as the distance between the Ba ¬ ckenschienen corresponds to twice the track width. Each free end of the centerpiece forms an independent track with the respective jaw rail.
Bei aktiven Weichen sind im Bereich des Herzstücks zwei verschwenkbare Weichenzungen angeordnet. Je nach Einstellung der Weiche liegt eine davon innenseitig an der ihr zugeordneten Backenschiene an, wobei diese Weichenzunge im Wesentlichen im Abstand der Spurweite zu der gegenüberliegenden Backenschiene verläuft. Zu dieser Backenschiene ist die verbleibende Wei¬ chenzunge beabstandet. Um einen Spurwechsel zu ermöglichen, werden die beiden Weichenzungen verschwenkt, so dass jeweils eine der Weichenzungen an der zugeordneten Backenschiene anliegt und die andere Weichenzungen zu den Backenschienen beabstandet ist. In the case of active switches, two pivotable switch blades are arranged in the region of the frog. Depending on the setting of the switch, one of them lies on the inside of the associated stock rail, wherein this switch blade extends substantially at a distance of the track width to the opposite stock rail. To this stock rail, the remaining Wei ¬ Chen tongue is spaced. To allow a lane change, the two switch blades are pivoted, so that in each case one of the switch blades rests against the associated stock rail and the other switch blades is spaced from the stock rails.
Bei niedrigen Temperaturen besteht die Möglichkeit, dass die Weichenzungen an den jeweiligen Backenschienen festfrieren. Das wird bei vorhandener Feuchtigkeit begünstigt. Herkömm¬ licherweise werden Weichen bei einer derartigen Witterung deshalb mittels Heizelementen beheizt, wenn eine Umgebungs¬ temperatur eines bestimmten Gleisabschnitts eine vorgegebene Temperatur unterschreitet oder ein neben einer sogenannten Führungsweiche platzierter Schneesensor einen Niederschlag meldet. Die Heizelemente sind entweder als elektrische Wider- stände oder als mit Gas betriebene Brennvorrichtungen ausges¬ taltet. Zur Funktionsüberprüfung der Heizelemente wird der durch diese fließende Strom bzw. der Gasdurchfluss gemessen. Dabei kann nicht erkannt werden, ob sich beispielsweise das Heizelement von der Weiche gelöst hat, und folglich die Hei- zung der Weiche nicht betriebsbereit ist. At low temperatures, there is the possibility that the switch blades freeze on the respective cheek rails. This is favored with existing moisture. Herkömm ¬ SHORT- switches are therefore heated in such a weather by means of heating elements, if an ambient temperature ¬ a certain track section is less than a predetermined temperature or placed next to a so-called guide switch snow sensor reports a precipitate. The heating elements are either stands as electrical resistance or gas-powered combustion devices ausges taltet ¬. To check the function of the heating elements, the current flowing through them or the gas flow is measured. It can not be recognized, for example, whether the heating element has detached from the switch, and consequently the heating of the switch is not ready for operation.
Die Gesamtheit der Weichen und Gleise wird im Folgenden als Schienennetz bezeichnet, das ebenfalls Einrichtungen zur Steuerung der Weichen umfassen kann. The entirety of switches and tracks is hereinafter referred to as rail network, which may also include means for controlling the points.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine besonders ge¬ eignete Vorrichtung zur Überprüfung der Funktionsfähigkeit von Heizelementen einer beheizbaren Weiche eines Schienennetzes anzugeben. Eine weitere Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein besonders geeignetes Verfahren hierfür anzugeben. The invention has for its object to provide a particularly ge ¬ suitable device for checking the functionality of heating elements of a heatable switch of a rail network. Another object of the invention is to provide a particularly suitable method for this purpose.
Erfindungsgemäß wird hinsichtlich der Vorrichtung die Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 und hinsichtlich des Ver¬ fahrens durch die Merkmale des unabhängigen Anspruchs 9 ge- löst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Ausgestaltungen sind Gegenstand der jeweiligen Unteransprüche. Die Vorrichtung dient der Überwachung der Funktionsfähigkeit einer beheizbaren Weiche eines Schienennetzes. Unter Weiche wird hierbei insbesondere eine Gleiskonstruktion verstanden, die Schienenfahrzeugen den Übergang von einem Gleis auf ein anderes Gleis ohne Fahrtunterbrechung erlaubt. Die Gleise, auch als Spur bezeichnet, weisen dabei zwei mittels Schwel¬ lern gehaltene Schienen auf, die außer im Bereich der Weiche im Wesentlichen parallel zueinander verlaufen. Die Gleise und Weichen werden zusammenfassend als Schienennetz bezeichnet. According to the invention, the object is achieved by the features of claim 1 and in terms of Ver ¬ driving by the features of independent claim 9 with respect to the device. Advantageous developments and refinements are the subject of the respective subclaims. The device serves to monitor the functionality of a heatable switch of a rail network. A switch is understood to mean, in particular, a track construction that allows rail vehicles to transition from one track to another without interrupting the journey. The tracks, also referred to as track, in this case have two means of Schwel ¬ learning held rails that extend except in the region of the switch substantially parallel to each other. The tracks and points are referred to collectively as a rail network.
Die Weiche selbst weist eine Anzahl von Schienen auf, bei¬ spielsweise eine erste Backenschiene und eine zweite Backen¬ schiene, zwischen denen zwei Weichenzungen verschwenkbar angeordnet sind. Die Weichenzungen, auch als Flügelzungen oder Flügelschienen bezeichnet, sind dabei im Bereich eines Herzstücks der Weiche angebunden. Zur Gewährleistung der Funktionssicherheit, insbesondere zur Verhinderung eines Festfrie¬ rens der Weichenzungen, weist die Weiche ein erstes und ein zweites Heizelement auf, die jeweils an einer der Schienen angeordnet sind. Vorzugsweise sind beide Heizelemente an der¬ selben Schiene und beabstandet zueinander angeordnet. The switch itself has a number of rails, in ¬ example, a first stock rail and a second shoe ¬ rail, between which two switch blades are pivotally mounted. The switch blades, also referred to as wing tongues or wing rails, are connected in the region of a heart of the switch. To ensure operational safety, in particular for preventing Festfrie ¬ proceedings of the switch points, includes the switch to a first and a second heating element disposed on one of the rails respectively. Preferably, both heating elements are at the same ¬ bar and spaced to each other.
Geeigneterweise befinden sich die Heizelemente im Bereich der Anlagefläche einer der Weichenzungen an der jeweiligen Backenschiene und sind zum Beispiel an der ersten Backenschiene angebracht. Suitably, the heating elements are located in the region of the contact surface of one of the switch blades on the respective stock rail and are, for example, attached to the first stock rail.
Im Bereich des ersten Heizelements ist ein erster Temperatursensor und im Bereich des zweiten Heizelements ein zweiter Temperatursensor einer Sensoranordnung der Vorrichtung ange- ordnet, wobei die Temperatursensoren an der bzw. den jeweiligen Schienen anliegen. Insbesondere liegen die Sensoren direkt an der zugeordneten Schiene an, stehen also in direktem Wärmeaustausch mit diesen. Ferner umfasst die Vorrichtung eine Auswerteeinheit, mittels derer die von den Temperatursen- soren gelieferten Messwerte verarbeitet werden. In the region of the first heating element, a first temperature sensor and in the region of the second heating element, a second temperature sensor of a sensor arrangement of the device is arranged, wherein the temperature sensors abut against the respective rails. In particular, the sensors are located directly on the associated rail, so are in direct heat exchange with them. Furthermore, the device comprises an evaluation unit, by means of which the measured values supplied by the temperature sensors are processed.
Aufgrund der Platzierung der Temperatursensoren im Bereich der Heizelemente und des Kontakts der Temperatursensoren mit der Schiene ist es ermöglicht, die Schienentemperatur der Weiche während oder nach einer Beheizung derselben zu überwachen. Dabei muss nicht auf etwaige Hilfsgrößen zurückgegriffen werden, mittels derer eine etwaig fehlerbelastete Tem- peratur der Weiche errechnet wird. Folglich ist eine Diagno¬ sequalität der Funktionsprüfung erhöht, zumal die Temperatur im Bereich der Heizelemente, und vorzugsweise im Bereich der Anlagestellen, ermittelt wird. Mit anderen Worten wird die Temperatur dort gemessen, wo eine die Funktionssicherheit der Weiche gefährdende Vereisung der Weiche bei einem fehlerhaf¬ ten oder ausgefallenen Heizelement entstehen könnte. Due to the placement of the temperature sensors in the area of the heating elements and the contact of the temperature sensors with The rail makes it possible to monitor the rail temperature of the switch during or after heating the same. In this case, it is not necessary to make use of any auxiliary quantities by means of which any possibly fault-loaded temperature of the point is calculated. Consequently, a Diagno ¬ sequalität the functional test is increased, especially as the temperature around the heating elements, and is preferably in the range of contact points are determined. In other words, the temperature is measured where a risk of functional safety of the switch end risk of icing of the switch in a faulty ¬ failed or failed heating element.
Vorteilhafterweise umfasst die Sensoranordnung mindestens zwei weitere Temperatursensoren, die an einer weiteren Schie- ne im Bereich von dort angebrachten Heizelementen angeordnet sind. Insbesondere werden beide Backenschienen mittels je¬ weils mindestens zwei Heizelementen beheizt in deren Bereich jeweils einer der Temperatursensoren angeordnet ist. Beispielsweise wird jede der Backenschienen mittels fünf Heiz- elementen beheizt und eine hierzu korrespondierenden Anzahl von Temperatursensoren ist an der jeweiligen Backenschiene angebracht. Auf diese Weise kann die Schienentemperatur jeder Backenschiene separat ermittelt werden. Geeigneterweise ist zumindest einer der Temperatursensoren auf der dem jeweiligen Heizelement gegenüberliegenden Seite der zugeordneten Schiene angeordnet. Mit anderen Worten befindet sich zwischen dem Heizelement und dem Temperatursensor die zugeordnete Schiene. Falls der Temperatursensor an einer der Backenschienen angebracht ist, befindet er sich insbesondere an der Außenseiten der Backenschiene, also nicht auf der der Weichenzunge zugewandten Seite, auf der auch eine etwaige Anlagestelle der Weichenzunge an der Backenschiene ist. Vorteilhafterweise ist jeder Temperatursensor der Vorrichtung auf der dem jeweiligen Heizelement gegenüberliegenden Seite der zugeordneten Schiene angeordnet. Aufgrund der Platzierung der Temperatursensoren auf der dem Heizelement gegenüberliegenden Seite ist der von dem jeweili¬ gen Temperatursensor ermittelte Temperaturwert der der jewei¬ ligen Schiene und wird durch einen etwaig vorhandenen Hitze- stau im Bereich des Heizelements nicht beeinflusst. Somit ist die Diagnosequalität erhöht. Advantageously, the sensor arrangement comprises at least two further temperature sensors, which are arranged on a further rail in the region of heating elements mounted there. In particular, both stock rails means are per ¬ weils heated at least two heating elements in the region of which in each case one of the temperature sensors is arranged. For example, each of the stock rails is heated by means of five heating elements and a corresponding number of temperature sensors is attached to the respective stock rail. In this way, the rail temperature of each stock rail can be determined separately. Suitably, at least one of the temperature sensors is arranged on the side of the associated rail opposite the respective heating element. In other words, the associated rail is located between the heating element and the temperature sensor. If the temperature sensor is attached to one of the jaw rails, it is located in particular on the outer sides of the stock rail, ie not on the side facing the switch blade, on which a possible contact point of the switch blade on the stock rail is. Advantageously, each temperature sensor of the device is arranged on the side of the associated rail opposite the respective heating element. Due to the placement of the temperature sensors on the opposite side of the heating element, the temperature value of the time jewei ¬ rail detected by the temperature sensor jeweili ¬ gene and is not affected by any existing heat accumulating in the area of the heating element. Thus, the diagnostic quality is increased.
Besonders bevorzugt ist in einem Schwellenfach der Weiche ein fünfter Temperatursensor platziert. Mittels des fünften Tem- peratursensors kann somit auf eine eventuell vorliegende Ver¬ eisung einer die Flügelzungen verschwenkenden Mechanik der Weiche geschlossen werden, die neben einem Festfrieren der Flügelzungen an der jeweiligen Backenschiene auftreten kann, und somit die Funktionsfähigkeit der Weiche beeinträchtigt. Particularly preferably, a fifth temperature sensor is placed in a sleeper compartment of the switch. By means of the fifth temperature sensor, it is thus possible to infer any possible Ver ¬ ice a pivoting the blade tongues mechanism of the switch, which can occur in addition to a freezing of the blade tongues on the respective stock rail, and thus affects the functioning of the switch.
In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist ein sechster Temperatursensor an einer der Schienen der Weiche angeordnet, und steht insbesondere in direktem Kontakt mit dieser. Der sechste Temperatursensor ist zu allen Heiz- elementen der Weiche beabstandet, und vorzugsweise zu sämtli¬ chen Heizelementen des Schienennetzes. Beispielsweise beträgt der Abstand zu dem nächsten Heizelement zumindest der glei¬ chen Schiene und vorteilhafterweise zu allen Heizelementen des Schienennetzes, mindestens 50 m, beispielsweise 100 m und insbesondere 150 m oder mehr. Als Schiene kommt demnach eine der beiden Backenschienen oder eine der beiden Flügelschienen der Weiche in Betracht. Es ist ebenso denkbar ist, dass der sechste Temperatursensor an einem der Zuführgleise der Weiche angebracht ist, folglich entweder an dem aus den Backenschie- nen gebildeten Gleis, oder einem der beiden aus einer der Backenschiene und einer der Schienen des Herzstücks gebildeten Gleis . In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, a sixth temperature sensor is arranged on one of the rails of the switch, and is in particular in direct contact with it. The sixth temperature sensor is spaced apart from all the heating elements of the junction, and preferably sämtli ¬ chen heating elements of the rail network. For example, the distance to the next heating element is at least the sliding surfaces ¬ rail and advantageously to all the heating elements of the rail network, at least 50 m, for example 100 m, and especially 150 m or more. As a rail is therefore one of the two jaw rails or one of the two wing rails of the switch into consideration. It is also conceivable that the sixth temperature sensor is mounted on one of the feeder tracks of the switch, thus either on the track formed by the shoe rails, or one of the two tracks formed from one of the stock rails and one of the rails of the frog.
Mittels des sechsten Temperatursensors kann im Wesentlichen die Temperatur des unbeheizten Schienennetzes ermittelt wer¬ den. Somit ist es ermöglicht, einerseits zu überprüfen, ob eine Heizung der Weiche aufgrund der Umgebungstemperatur noch erforderlich ist, und andererseits um wie viel Grad die Tem- peratur der Backenschienen mittels der jeweiligen Heizelemente erhöht wurde bzw. wird. By the sixth temperature sensor may be substantially the temperature of the unheated rail network determines the ¬. This makes it possible, on the one hand, to check whether heating of the switch is still necessary due to the ambient temperature and, on the other hand, how much degrees the temperature temperature of the stock rails has been increased by the respective heating elements or is.
Zweckmäßigerweise weist die Sensoranordnung einen Sensor zur Überwachung auf eine Aktivierung der Heizelemente auf. Dieser Sensor ist beispielsweise ein Gasstromsensor, der mit einer Gasversorgungsleitung der als Gasbrenner gestalteten Heizelemente verbunden ist. Falls die Heizelemente mit elektrischem Strom betrieben sind, handelt es sich bei dem Sensor um einen elektrischen Stromsensor. Alternativ oder in Kombination hierzu wird mit dem Sensor eine elektrische Spannung über¬ wacht, die an zumindest einem der Heizelemente anliegt. Hier¬ für ist der Sensor mit einer Versorgungsleitung eines der Heizelemente elektrisch kontaktiert. Mittels eines derartigen Sensors ist es ermöglicht, die vorhandenen Temperatursensoren lediglich oder zumindest zusätzlich dann zu aktivieren, wenn das jeweilige Heizelement betrieben ist. Somit kann die Tem¬ peratur der Weiche gezielt zu dem Zeitpunkt ermittelt werden, wenn die Heizelemente in Betrieb sind oder waren. Es ist folglich möglich, das Ergebnis der Beheizung der Weiche festzustellen, und eine etwaige Fehlfunktion des oder der Heizelemente zu identifizieren. Bei einer Überwachung aller Versorgungsleitungen ist es möglich, den ersten und/oder zweiten Temperatursensor, und sofern diese vorhanden sind den drit- ten, vierten, fünften bzw. sechsten Temperatursensor lediglich dann zu aktivieren und die gelieferten Messwerte auszuwerten, wenn das jeweilige Heizelement betrieben ist. The sensor arrangement expediently has a sensor for monitoring activation of the heating elements. This sensor is, for example, a gas flow sensor connected to a gas supply line of the heating elements designed as gas burners. If the heating elements are operated with electric current, the sensor is an electric current sensor. Alternatively or in combination therewith, an electrical voltage across ¬ is monitored, which is applied to at least one of the heating elements with the sensor. Here ¬ for the sensor to a supply line of the heating elements is electrically contacted. By means of such a sensor, it is possible to activate the existing temperature sensors only or at least additionally when the respective heating element is operated. Thus, the Tem ¬ temperature of the switch can be found specifically at the time when the heating elements are in operation or have been. It is thus possible to determine the result of the heating of the switch, and to identify any malfunction of the heating element (s). When monitoring all supply lines, it is possible to activate the first and / or second temperature sensor, and if present, the third, fourth, fifth or sixth temperature sensor only and to evaluate the supplied measured values when the respective heating element is operated ,
Beispielsweise weisen die Temperatursensoren eine eigene, ge- meinsame Energieversorgung auf. Hierfür sind die Temperatursensoren untereinander und mit einer als Energieversorgung dienenden Energiequelle elektrisch kontaktiert. Die Energie¬ quelle ist insbesondere ein Energiespeicher, wie z.B. eine Batterie. Insbesondere weist jeder Temperatursensor jeweils eine eigenständige Energiequelle auf. Auf diese Weise ist ei¬ ne Verkabelung der einzelnen Temperatursensoren miteinander nicht erforderlich, wie bei der Verwendung einer gemeinsamen Energieversorgung oder einem Anschluss an ein Versorgungs- netz, was einerseits den Montageaufwand verringert, und ande¬ rerseits eine Installation in bereits bestehende Weichen er¬ laubt. Ferner kann aufgrund der im Wesentlichen autarken Energieversorgung ein Ausfall der Energieversorgung der Wei- che und deren Heizelemente identifiziert werden, was die Be¬ triebssicherheit der Weiche erhöht. For example, the temperature sensors have their own, shared energy supply. For this purpose, the temperature sensors are electrically contacted with each other and with an energy source serving as an energy source. The energy source ¬ is particularly an energy storage, such as a battery. In particular, each temperature sensor each has its own energy source. In this way, ei ¬ ne cabling of the individual temperature sensors together is not required, as in the use of a common power supply or a connection to a supply network, which on the one hand reduces the assembly cost, and at the other hand, a ¬ installation in existing switches he ¬ laubt. Furthermore, because of the essentially self-sufficient power supply, a power failure of the switch and the heating elements can be identified, which increases the operational reliability of the switch Be ¬.
Zweckmäßigerweise weisen die Temperatursensoren eine Sende¬ einheit auf, mittels derer die Temperatursensoren mit der Auswerteeinheit gekoppelt sind. Beispielsweise erfolgt die Koppelung mittels Bluetooth oder W-LAN oder einem sonstigen Funkstandard oder drahtlosem Datenübertragungsverfahren. Expediently, the temperature sensors to a transmission ¬ unit by means of which the temperature sensors are coupled to the evaluation unit. For example, the coupling takes place by means of Bluetooth or W-LAN or another radio standard or wireless data transmission method.
Zweckmäßigerweise weist jeder Temperatursensor eine eigene Sendeeinheit auf, was einen Verkabelungsaufwand bei der Mon- tage der Sensoreinheit verringert. Besonders bevorzugt weist jeder Temperatursensor eine eigene Energieversorgung und eine eigene Sendeeinheit auf, sodass jeder Temperatursensor als eine im Wesentlichen autarke Einheit vorliegt. Somit muss bei der Montage der Sensoranordnung jeder Temperatursensor ledig- lieh an der vorgesehenen Stelle befestigt und signaltechnisch über Funk oder einem sonstigen drahtlosen Übertragungsverfahren mit der Auswerteeinheit gekoppelt werden. Expediently, each temperature sensor has its own transmitting unit, which reduces cabling costs when mounting the sensor unit. Particularly preferably, each temperature sensor has its own energy supply and its own transmitting unit, so that each temperature sensor is present as a substantially self-sufficient unit. Thus, during assembly of the sensor assembly, each temperature sensor need only be secured at the intended location and signal technically coupled by radio or other wireless transmission method to the evaluation unit.
Das Verfahren zur Überwachung der Funktionsfähigkeit einer beheizbaren Weiche eines Schienennetzes sieht vor, dass in einem ersten Schritt die Weiche beheizt wird. Dabei wird ins¬ besondere eine Backenschiene der Weiche beheizt. Vorteilhaft¬ erweise wird der Bereich der Backenschienen beheizt, der zur Anlage einer Weichenzunge der Weiche vorgesehen ist. The method for monitoring the functionality of a heatable switch of a rail network provides that in a first step, the switch is heated. Here, a stock rail of the switch is heated to ¬ special. Legally advantageous ¬ the area of the stock rails is heated, which is provided for establishment of a switch blade of the switch.
In einem sich daran anschließenden Verfahrensschritt wird die Temperatur in zwei Bereichen der Weiche erfasst, wobei sich in den Bereichen jeweils insbesondere mindestens ein zur Be¬ heizung der Weiche verwendetes Heizelement befindet. In a subsequent process step, the temperature is detected in two areas of the junction, whereby in each case in particular at least a map used to Be ¬ heating of the heating element switch is in the fields.
Mittels der erfassten Temperaturen wird ein Temperaturwert gebildet. Dieser entspricht beispielsweise der erfassten Tem¬ peratur in dem jeweiligen Bereich. Mit anderen Worten werden folglich zwei Temperaturwerte gebildet, wobei für jeden von diesen eine der erfassten Temperaturen herangezogen wird. In einem sich daran anschließenden Schritt werden die Temperaturwerte mit einem Schwellenwert verglichen. Falls einer der Temperaturwerte unterhalb des Schwellenwerts liegt, wird auf eine Funktionsstörung der Weichenheizung geschlossen. Dahingegen wird insbesondere bei einem Temperaturwert oberhalb oder gleich des Schwellenwerts eine Funktionsfähigkeit der Weichenheizung angenommen. Der Schwellenwert ist dabei entwe der fest vorgegeben oder wird an aktuelle Erfordernisse ange passt. Beispielsweise ist der Schwellenwert gleich 0°C. By means of the detected temperatures, a temperature value is formed. This example corresponds to the detected Tem ¬ temperature in the respective area. In other words Consequently, two temperature values are formed, one of the detected temperatures being used for each of these. In a subsequent step, the temperature values are compared with a threshold value. If one of the temperature values is below the threshold, then a malfunction of the point heater is inferred. In contrast, a functionality of the point heater is assumed in particular at a temperature value above or equal to the threshold value. The threshold is either fixed or adapted to current requirements. For example, the threshold is 0 ° C.
Aufgrund der Ermittlung der Temperatur der Weiche kann auf die Funktionsfähigkeit der Weichenheizung zurückgeschlossen werden, wobei die Temperatur direkt überwacht wird. Es wird folglich nicht nur die Temperatur erfasst, um eine Beheizung der Weiche zu starten, sondern es wird vielmehr das Ergebnis der Beheizung der Weiche überprüft. Auf diese Weise kann zu¬ verlässig sichergestellt werden, ob die Weiche vereist ist. Due to the determination of the temperature of the switch can be deduced on the functionality of the point heater, the temperature is monitored directly. Consequently, not only the temperature is detected to start heating the switch, but rather the result of heating the switch is checked. In this way it can be ensured to ¬ reliably whether the switch is icy.
Zweckmäßigerweise wird lediglich dann auf eine Funktionsstö¬ rung geschlossen, wenn auch die Heizelemente angesteuert wer den. Hierfür wird zum Beispiel die Ansteuerung des oder der Heizelemente und/oder der Versorgungsleitungen des oder der Heizelemente überwacht. Conveniently, a Funktionsstö ¬ tion is only then closed when the heating elements driven who the. For this purpose, for example, the control of the heating elements and / or the supply lines of the heating elements or is monitored.
Die Bereiche befinden sich geeigneterweise entlang einer ein zigen der Schienen der Weiche. Auf diese Weise kann die Temperatur dieser Schiene zuverlässig ermittelt werden. Vorteil hafterweise wird die Temperatur in Bereichen einer Anlageflä che einer der Weichenzunge an einer der Backenschiene der Weiche erfasst. Folglich ist bei zumindest einer Temperatur¬ ermittlung dort die Diagnosequalität erhöht, ob eine Verei¬ sung der Weiche vorliegt. The areas are suitably along one of the rails of the switch. In this way, the temperature of this rail can be reliably determined. Favorable enough, the temperature is detected in areas of a Anlageflä surface of the switch blade on one of the stock rail of the switch. Consequently, a temperature ¬ determination is there increased the diagnostic quality whether a foiled ¬ solution of the switch is present in at least.
Geeigneterweise sieht das Verfahren vor, dass beide Backen¬ schienen der Weiche beheizt werden. Dabei wird an jeder der Backenschienen in jeweils zwei Bereichen die Temperatur er- fasst und daraus ein Temperaturwert erstellt. Mit anderen Worten liegen somit vier Temperaturwerte vor. Auf diese Weise ist es ermöglicht, eine Vereisung der Weiche, insbesondere ob eine der beiden Weichenzungen an der jeweils zugeordneten Ba- ckenschiene festgefroren ist, zuverlässig zu bestimmen. Suitably, the method provides that both jaws ¬ rails of the switch are heated. In each case, the temperature is determined on each of the stock rails in two areas in each case. summarizes and creates a temperature value. In other words, there are thus four temperature values. In this way, it is possible to reliably determine icing of the switch, in particular whether one of the two switch blades is frozen to the respective associated tie bar.
Besonders bevorzugt wird für den Vergleich der Temperaturwerte für jede Backenschiene ein eigenständiger Schwellenwert verwendet. Mit anderen Worten werden die Temperaturwerte, die aus an einer gemeinsamen Schiene in unterschiedlichen Bereichen erfassten Temperaturen erstellt wurden, mit jeweils einem zugeordneten Schwellenwert verglichen. Somit werden Unterschiede der einzelnen Schienen berücksichtigt, die bei¬ spielsweise von unterschiedlich wirkenden Umwelteinflüssen, wie zum Beispiel Sonneneinstrahlung, oder von der Umgebung der Weiche hervorgerufen werden. Particularly preferably, an independent threshold value is used for the comparison of the temperature values for each stock rail. In other words, the temperature values that were created from temperatures recorded at a common rail in different areas are compared with an associated threshold value in each case. Thus, differences of the individual rails are taken into account, which are caused at ¬ play of differently acting environmental influences, such as sunlight, or the vicinity of the crossover.
Vorzugsweise werden die zum Vergleich herangezogenen Temperaturen im Wesentlichen gleichzeitig erfasst und die Tempera- turwerte weisen somit denselben Erstellungszeitpunkt auf. So¬ mit können unterschiedliche Einflussfaktoren auf die Weiche aufgrund einer zeitlichen Einwirkung ausgeschlossen werden. Bevorzugterweise wird die Temperatur der Weiche zusätzlich in einem Schwellenfach und/oder beabstandet zu allen Heizelemen- ten der Schiene erfasst und daraus ein Temperaturwert er¬ stellt. Auf diese Weise ist die Diagnosequalität erhöht. Preferably, the temperatures used for comparison are detected substantially simultaneously and the temperature values thus have the same time of creation. So ¬ with different factors influencing the switch can be excluded due to a temporal impact. Preferably, the temperature of the switch is additionally detected in a threshold compartment and / or at a distance from all heating elements of the rail, and from this a temperature value is set. In this way the diagnostic quality is increased.
In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist der Schwellenwert der Mittelwert aller erstellten Tempe- raturwerte, die zweckmäßigerweise im Wesentlichen gleichzei¬ tig erstellt wurden, abzüglich eines Sicherungswerts. Dabei wird geeigneterweise jeder erstellte Temperaturwerte mit dem Schwellenwert verglichen. Falls einer von diesen unterhalb des Schwellenwerts liegt, wird auf eine Funktionsstörung ge- schlössen. Beispielsweise ist der Sicherungswert fest vorge¬ geben und beträgt 10°C oder weniger. Auf diese Weise ist eine Kalibrierung von unterschiedlichen Schwellenwerten für die Weiche nicht erforderlich. Vielmehr wird dieser automatisch auf unterschiedliche Umgebungsbedingungen und Betriebssitua¬ tionen der Weiche angepasst. Daher kann eine eventuell weite¬ re Parametrisierung des Schwellenwerts oder das Erfassen oder Bestimmen einer Referenztemperatur entfallen. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the threshold of the mean value of all temperature-started is raturwerte that are expediently essentially created gleichzei ¬ kind, minus a guard value. In doing so, each created temperature value is suitably compared to the threshold value. If one of them is below the threshold, a malfunction is detected. For example, the security value is firmly pre ¬ give and is 10 ° C or less. In this way, a calibration of different thresholds for the switch is not required. Rather, this will be automatic adapted to different environmental conditions and operating situa ¬ tions of the switch. Therefore, any further parameterization of the threshold value or the detection or determination of a reference temperature can be dispensed with.
Falls zwei unterschiedliche Schienen der Weiche, beispiels¬ weise beide Backenschienen, überwacht werden und jeweils ein eigenständiger Schwellenwert herangezogen wird, wird der jeweilige Schwellenwert mittels des Mittelwerts der Temperatur- werte erstellt, die aus den an eben dieser Schiene erfassten Temperaturen erstellt wurden. Dabei wird von dem Mittelwert jeweils ein Sicherungswert abgezogen, der entweder für beide Schienen gleich oder unterschiedlich ist. Mittels einer derartigen Erstellung von zwei Schwellenwerten werden seitenspe- zifische Umwelteinflüsse berücksichtigt, wie zum BeispielIf two different rails of the turnout, Example ¬ as both stock rails, are monitored and in each case a separate threshold value is used, the respective threshold values by means of the mean value of the temperature is created that were created from the detected at this same rail temperatures. In each case, a security value is deducted from the mean, which is the same or different for both rails. By means of such a creation of two threshold values, side-specific environmental influences are taken into account, such as, for example
Sonneneinstrahlung, die zu einer Erwärmung einer der beiden Schienen führen könnte. Solar radiation, which could lead to heating of one of the two rails.
Anstatt der Aufteilung auf zwei Schienen werden alternativ die Temperaturwerte in Gruppen aufgeteilt, die ähnlichen Ge¬ gebenheiten ausgesetzt sind. Beispielsweise wird eine Anzahl von Temperatursensoren, die in dem Bereich eines erwärmten Rohres angeordnet sind, in eine Gruppe zusammengefasst , und ein Mittelwert der mittels dieser erstellten Temperaturwerte gebildet, von dem der Sicherungswert abgezogen wird. Der so erstellte Schwellenwert wird lediglich für einen Verglich der Temperaturwerte dieser Gruppe herangezogen. Alternativ wird für alle Temperaturwerte der gleiche Schwellenwert herangezo¬ gen, der aus dem Mittelwert sämtlicher Temperaturwerte gebil- det wird. Instead of dividing on two tracks, the temperature values are divided into groups as an alternative to similar Ge ¬ give units are exposed. For example, a number of temperature sensors, which are arranged in the region of a heated tube, combined into a group, and an average of the created by these temperature values, from which the security value is subtracted. The threshold created in this way is used only for a comparison of the temperature values of this group. Alternatively, the same threshold herangezo ¬ gene which is gebil- det from the average of all temperature values for all temperature values.
Ferner ist ein Sicherungswert von 0°C denkbar, sofern auch die Temperatur beabstandet von allen Heizelementen erfasst wird. Dabei trägt der mittels dieser Temperatur erstellte Temperaturwert zur Bildung des bzw. der Schwellenwerte bei, wird jedoch nicht mit dem jeweiligen Schwellenwert verglichen. Mit anderen Worten wird ausgehend von dem Temperaturwert, der mit der an einer von den Heizelementen beabstande- ten Stelle erfassten Temperatur erstellt wurde, nicht auf ei¬ ne Funktionsfähigkeit der Weichenheizung geschlossen, wobei dieser Temperaturwert zur Ermittlung des jeweiligen Schwellenwerts beiträgt. Ferner kann dieser Temperaturwert zur Ent- Scheidung dienen, ob eine Beheizung der Weiche erforderlich ist. Um die Sicherheit weiter zu erhöhen wird der Sicherungs¬ wert insbesondere auf einen positiven Wert gesetzt. Mittels der Verwendung des Temperaturwerts, der an einer von den Heizelementen beabstandeten Stelle erfassten Temperatur er- stellt wurde, zur Bildung des Schwellenwerts können auch vollständig ausgefallenen Weichenheizungen erkannt werden. Furthermore, a security value of 0 ° C is conceivable, as long as the temperature is detected at a distance from all heating elements. The temperature value created by means of this temperature contributes to the formation of the threshold value (s), but is not compared with the respective threshold value. In other words, on the basis of the temperature value which coincides with the temperature at a distance from the heating elements. the temperature detected was not closed ei ¬ ne operability of the point heating, this temperature value contributes to the determination of the respective threshold value. Furthermore, this temperature value can serve for the decision as to whether heating of the switch is required. To enhance security further, the backup ¬ set value in particular to a positive value. By means of the use of the temperature value, which was established at a temperature detected by the heating elements, to form the threshold value, it is also possible to detect completely failed point heaters.
Geeigneterweise wird das Ergebnis der Funktionsprüfung an ei¬ ne Wartungsleitstelle oder eine Streckenzentrale übermittelt. Das Ergebnis oder der Wert der Funktionsüberprüfung sind dabei entweder die ermittelten Temperaturwerte oder besonders bevorzugt ein binärer Wert. Dieser gibt beispielsweise an, ob alle ermittelten Temperaturwerte oberhalb oder unterhalb des Schwellenwerts liegen und ob somit ein wintersicherer Betrieb der Weiche möglich ist. Alternativ hierzu wird als binärer Wert übermittelt, ob der wintersichere Betrieb der Weiche möglich ist, also ob die Weichenheizung korrekt arbeitet. Suitably, the result of the function test on egg ¬ ne maintenance control center or a centralized track control station is transmitted. The result or the value of the function check are either the determined temperature values or particularly preferably a binary value. This indicates, for example, whether all the determined temperature values are above or below the threshold value and whether it is thus possible to operate the points in winter-proof operation. Alternatively, it is transmitted as a binary value, whether the winter safe operation of the switch is possible, so whether the point heater works correctly.
Aufgrund der Übermittlung des Wertes an die Leitstelle, die insbesondere unverzüglich erfolgt, können geeignete Maßnahmen ergriffen werden, um erneut die Betriebssicherheit der Weiche herzustellen, falls die Heizleistung des Heizelementes zu ge¬ ring ist. Insbesondere erfolgt die Übermittlung per Funk oder mittels eines sonstigen drahtlosen Datenübertragungsverfah- rens . Aufgrund der Funkübertragung ist eine Verkabelung der Weiche mit der Zentral- bzw. der Leitstelle nicht erforder¬ lich, was einen Material- und Kostenaufwand reduziert. Due to the transmission of the value to the control center, which takes place in particular immediately, appropriate measures can be taken to re-establish the reliability of the switch, if the heating power of the heating element is too ge ¬ ring. In particular, the transmission takes place by radio or by means of another wireless data transmission method. Due to the radio transmission cabling of the switch with the central or the control center is not erforder ¬ Lich, which reduces material and cost.
Insbesondere werden alle Weichen eines zusammenhängenden Schienennetzabschnitts mit dem Verfahren überwacht. Geeigne¬ terweise sind die Weichen des Schienennetzabschnitts jeweils mittels einer eigenen Vorrichtung ausgerüstet, die die Sensoranordnung und die Auswerteeinheit umfasst. Nachfolgend wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Darin zeigt: FIG 1 schematisch eine Weiche mit einer erfindungsgemäßen In particular, all points of a connected rail network section are monitored by the method. Geeigne ¬ ingly the course of the rail network section are each fitted by means of its own device that includes the sensor assembly and the evaluation unit. An embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing. 1 shows schematically a switch with an inventive
Vorrichtung von oben,  Device from above,
FIG 2 die Weiche in einem Querschnitt, und 2 shows the switch in a cross section, and
FIG 3 ein Verfahren zur Überwachung der Funktionsfähigkeit der Weichenheizung.  3 shows a method for monitoring the functionality of the point heating.
Einander entsprechende Teile sind in allen Figuren mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen. Corresponding parts are provided in all figures with the same reference numerals.
In FIG 1 und FIG 2 ist eine Weiche 2 eines Schienennetzes dargestellt, die mittels Heizelementen 4 beheizt werden kann, um ein Festfrieren von beweglichen Teilen der Weiche bei einer ungünstigen Witterung zu vermeiden. Hierfür ist sowohl an der Innenseite einer ersten Backenschiene 6 ein erstes Heiz¬ element 4a und ein zweites Heizelement 4b als auch an der In- nenseite einer zweiten Backenschiene 8 ein drittes Heizele¬ ment 4c und ein viertes Heizelement 4d angeordnet. Die Innen¬ seite bezeichnet hierbei die einander zugewandten Seiten der Backenschienen 6, 8. Zwischen den Backenschienen 6, 8 sind eine erste und zweite Weichenzunge 10, 12 schwenkbar angeord- net, wobei sich die Heizelemente 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d in einem im Bereich der Anlagefläche der ersten Weichenzunge 10 an der ersten Backenschiene 6 und der Anlagefläche der zweiten Wei¬ chenzunge 12 an der zweiten Backenschiene 8 befinden. Ferner ist in einem Schwellenfach 14 der Weiche 2 ein fünftes Heizelement 4e zu dessen Beheizung angebracht, wobei das Schwellenfach 14 eine Mechanik zum Bewegen der Weichenzungen 10, 12 aufnimmt. Die Heizelemente 4 sind als elektrische Heizwiderstände, sogenannte Heizstäbe, ausgeführt und werden mittels einer Ansteuerschaltung 16 über jeweils eine Versorgungsleitung 18 im Bedarfsfall bestromt. Mittels einer Vorrichtung 20 wird die Funktionsfähigkeit der Weiche 2 überwacht. Die Vorrichtung 20 umfasst eine Auswerte¬ einheit 22, die in der Ansteuerschaltung 16 integriert sein kann. Die Auswerteeinheit 22 ist einerseits mit einer War¬ tungsleitstelle 24 und andererseits mit Sensoren 26 einer Sensoranordnung 28 der Vorrichtung 20 über Funk signaltechnisch verbunden. Hierfür weist jeder Sensor 26 jeweils eine eigene Sendeeinheit 30 auf. Zur vereinfachten Montage der Sensoranordnung 28 ist jeder Sensor 26 mit einer eigenen Energieversorgung versehen, die ein Bleiakkumulator sein kann. Auf diese Weise ist eine Verkabelung der Sensoren 26 untereinander und mit der Auswerteeinheit 22 nicht erforderlich. In FIG 1 and FIG 2, a switch 2 of a rail network is shown, which can be heated by means of heating elements 4, to prevent freezing of moving parts of the switch in an unfavorable weather. For this purpose, both at the inside of a first stock rail 6, a first heating element ¬ 4a and 4b a second heating element and on the inside of a second stock rail 8, a third Heizele ¬ element 4c and a fourth heating element 4d arranged. The inner ¬ side here refers to the mutually facing sides of the stock rails 6, 8 between the stock rails 6, 8 are first and second switch blade 10, 12 pivotally angeord- net, wherein the heating elements 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d in a in Area of the contact surface of the first switch blade 10 on the first stock rail 6 and the contact surface of the second Wei ¬ Chen tongue 12 on the second stock rail 8 are. Further, in a threshold compartment 14 of the switch 2, a fifth heating element 4e is mounted for heating thereof, wherein the threshold compartment 14 accommodates a mechanism for moving the switch blades 10, 12. The heating elements 4 are designed as electrical heating resistors, so-called heating rods, and are energized by means of a drive circuit 16 via a respective supply line 18 in case of need. By means of a device 20, the functionality of the switch 2 is monitored. The device 20 includes an evaluation ¬ unit 22, which may be integrated in the driving circuit sixteenth The evaluation unit 22 is on the one hand with a War ¬ tung control center 24 and on the other hand connected to sensors 26, a sensor arrangement 28 of the device 20 by radio signal technology. For this purpose, each sensor 26 each has its own transmitting unit 30. For simplified assembly of the sensor assembly 28, each sensor 26 is provided with its own power supply, which may be a lead-acid battery. In this way, a cabling of the sensors 26 with each other and with the evaluation unit 22 is not required.
Einer der Sensoren 26 ist ein erster Temperatursensor 26a und ein zweiter Temperatursensor 26b, die in direktem thermischen Kontakt mit der ersten Backenschiene 6 stehen. Dabei befindet sich der erste Temperatursensor 26a auf der dem ersten Heiz- element 4a und der zweite Temperatursensor 26b auf der dem zweiten Heizelement 4b gegenüberliegenden Seite der ersten Backenschiene 6. Mit anderen Worten ist zwischen dem ersten Heizelement 4a und dem ersten Temperatursensor 26a bzw. dem zweiten Heizelement 4b und dem zweiten Temperatursensor 26b die erste Backenschiene 6 angeordnet, wobei die Heizelemente 4a, 4b und die Temperatursensoren 26a, 26b sich jeweils auf derselben Seite der Backenschiene 6 befinden. In gleicher Art und Weise liegt ein dritter Temperatursensor 26c und ein vierter Temperatursensor 26d an der zweiten Backenschiene 8 der Weiche 2 an. Aufgrund einer derartigen Platzierung des ersten, zweiten, dritten und vierten Temperatursensors 26a, 26b, 26c, 26d kann die Temperatur der jeweiligen Backenschiene 6, 8 ermittelt werden, ohne von der Temperatur des die je¬ weilige Backenschiene 6, 8 erwärmenden Heizelements 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d selbst beeinflusst zu werden. One of the sensors 26 is a first temperature sensor 26a and a second temperature sensor 26b, which are in direct thermal contact with the first stock rail 6. In this case, the first temperature sensor 26a is located on the first heating element 4a and the second temperature sensor 26b on the side of the first stock rail 6 opposite the second heating element 4b. In other words, between the first heating element 4a and the first temperature sensor 26a or second heating element 4b and the second temperature sensor 26b, the first stock rail 6, wherein the heating elements 4a, 4b and the temperature sensors 26a, 26b are each on the same side of the stock rail 6. In the same way, a third temperature sensor 26c and a fourth temperature sensor 26d abut the second stock rail 8 of the switch 2. Due to such a placement of the first, second, third and fourth temperature sensor 26a, 26b, 26c, 26d, the temperature of the respective stock rail 6, are determined 8 without 4a on the temperature of the depending ¬ stays awhile stock rail 6, 8 heated heating element 4b 4c, 4d itself to be influenced.
Die Sensoranordnung 28 umfasst ferner einen in dem Schwellenfach 14 angeordneten fünften Temperatursensor 26e und einen sechsten Temperatursensor 26f. Der sechste Temperatursensor 26g befindet sich dabei in einem vergleichsweise großen Ab¬ stand zu den Heizelementen 4 und liegt an der ersten Backenschiene 6 an. Aufgrund der Platzierung wird die Backenschiene 6 in dem Bereich des vierten Temperatursensors 26g von keinem der Heizelemente 4 und im Besonderen nicht von dem ersten Heizelement 4a oder zweiten Heizelement 4b erwärmt. Folglich wird mit dem sechsten Temperatursensor 26f auch bei aktiviertem ersten Heizelement 4a und/oder zweiten Heizelement 4b die Temperatur ermittelt, die mit dem ersten Temperatursensor 26b oder zweiten Temperatursensor 26b bei nicht aktiviertem ersten Heizelement 4b bzw. zweiten Heizelement 4b erfasst werden könnte . Einer der Sensoren 26 der Sensoranordnung 28 ist ein Strom- und/oder Spannungssensor 26g. Mittels des Strom- und/oder Spannungssensors 26g kann der elektrische Strom bzw. die elektrische Spannung ermittelt werden, die über die Versor¬ gungsleitungen 18 zu den Heizelementen 4 fließt bzw. die dort anliegt. Hierfür ist der Strom- und/oder Spannungssensor 26g mit einem Einschaltschütz der Ansteuerschaltung 16 elektrisch kontaktiert. Ebenso denkbar ist es, dass mittels des Strom- und/oder Spannungssensors 26g lediglich ein binärer Wert ermittelt wird, ob die Heizelemente 4 aktuell betrieben werden. The sensor arrangement 28 further comprises a fifth temperature sensor 26e arranged in the threshold compartment 14 and a sensor sixth temperature sensor 26f. The sixth temperature sensor 26g is in this case at a comparatively large From ¬ stood to the heating elements 4 and is applied to the first stock rail. 6 Due to the placement, the stock rail 6 in the area of the fourth temperature sensor 26g is not heated by any of the heating elements 4, and in particular not by the first heating element 4a or the second heating element 4b. Consequently, with the sixth temperature sensor 26f, even with the first heating element 4a and / or the second heating element 4b activated, the temperature which could be detected by the first temperature sensor 26b or second temperature sensor 26b when the first heating element 4b or the second heating element 4b is not activated is determined. One of the sensors 26 of the sensor arrangement 28 is a current and / or voltage sensor 26g. By means of the current and / or voltage sensor 26g of the electrical current or the electrical voltage can be determined, which flows over the versor ¬ supply lines 18 to the heating elements 4 and applied there. For this purpose, the current and / or voltage sensor 26g is electrically contacted with a switch-on contactor of the drive circuit 16. It is also conceivable that only a binary value is determined by means of the current and / or voltage sensor 26g, whether the heating elements 4 are currently operated.
In FIG 3 ist in einem Flussdiagramm ein Verfahren 31 dargestellt, mittels dessen die Heizelemente 4 und die Vorrichtung 20 betrieben werden. Das Verfahren 31 dient somit der Überwachung der Funktionsfähigkeit der Weiche 2. In einem ersten nicht gezeigten Schritt wird die Temperatur der Weiche 2 er¬ mittelt. Hierfür wird beispielsweise einer der Temperatursensoren 26 der Sensoranordnung 28 herangezogen. Falls die Temperatur unterhalb eines Grenzwertes liegt, der beispielsweise 3°C beträgt, werden in einem Heizschritt 32 mittels der An- Steuerschaltung 16 die Heizelemente 4 bestromt. Hierfür wird eine elektrische Spannung an die Versorgungsleitungen 18 angelegt. Dies wird mittels des Strom- und/oder Spannungssen- sors 26g registriert und an die Auswerteeinheit 22 über Funk übermittelt . FIG. 3 shows in a flow chart a method 31 by means of which the heating elements 4 and the device 20 are operated. The method 31 thus serves to monitor the functionality of the switch 2. In a first step, not shown, the temperature of the switch 2 is averaged ¬ . For example, one of the temperature sensors 26 of the sensor arrangement 28 is used for this purpose. If the temperature is below a limit value, which is, for example, 3 ° C., the heating elements 4 are energized in a heating step 32 by means of the on-control circuit 16. For this purpose, an electrical voltage is applied to the supply lines 18. This is done by means of the current and / or voltage Sors 26g registered and transmitted to the evaluation unit 22 via radio.
In einem sich daran anschließenden Temperaturerfassungs- schritt 34, der beispielsweise 5 Minuten nach Beginn der Aktivierung der Heizelemente 4 erfolgt, wird im Wesentlichen gleichzeitig einerseits sowohl mit dem ersten Temperatursensor 26a als auch mit dem zweiten Temperatursensor 26b im Bereich der Anlagefläche der ersten Weichenzunge 10 an der ers- ten Backenschiene 6 die Temperatur 34a, 34b ermittelt. Ande¬ rerseits wird mit dem dritten Temperatursensor 26c und dem vierten Temperatursensor 26d im Bereich der Anlagefläche der zweiten Weichenzunge 12 an der zweiten Backenschiene 8 die jeweilige Temperatur 34c, 34d erfasst. Ebenso wird zum glei- chen Zeitpunkt mittels des fünften Temperatursensors 26e und dem sechsten Temperatursensor 26f die jeweilige Temperatur 34e bzw. 34f erfasst. In einem sich daran anschließenden Schritt wird aus den jeweils erfassten Temperaturen ein Temperaturwert 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e, 36f erstellt. Die Tempe- raturwerte 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e, 36f entsprechen dabei der jeweiligen Temperatur, also dem Wert der erfassten Temperatur 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e, 34f. In an adjoining temperature detection step 34, which takes place, for example, 5 minutes after the start of the activation of the heating elements 4, the first switch point 10 is substantially simultaneously on the one hand both with the first temperature sensor 26a and with the second temperature sensor 26b in the area of the contact surface the first stock rail 6 determines the temperature 34a, 34b. Ande ¬ hand, with the third temperature sensor 26c and the fourth temperature sensor 26d in the region of the contact surface of the second switch point 12 on the second stock rail 8, the respective temperature 34c, 34d detected. Likewise, the respective temperature 34e or 34f is detected at the same time by means of the fifth temperature sensor 26e and the sixth temperature sensor 26f. In a subsequent step, a temperature value 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e, 36f is created from the respectively detected temperatures. The temperature values 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e, 36f correspond to the respective temperature, ie the value of the detected temperature 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e, 34f.
Aus dem ersten, zweiten, fünften und sechsten Temperaturwert 36a, 36b, 36e, 36f wird ein erster Mittelwert 38a und aus dem dritten, vierten und sechsten Temperaturwert 36c, 36d, 36f ein zweiter Mittelwert 38b gebildet. Folglich wird der Mit¬ telwert 38b aus der Temperatur im Bereich der Anlagefläche der zweiten Weichenzunge 12 an der zweiten Backenschiene 8 gebildet, wobei über den sechsten Temperaturwert 36f die Tem¬ peratur der unbeheizten Weiche 2 mit einfließt. In gleicher Art und Weise wird der erste Mittelwert 38a erstellt, wobei hier zusätzlich die Temperatur 36e des Schwellenfachs 14 be¬ rücksichtigt wird. A first mean value 38a is formed from the first, second, fifth and sixth temperature values 36a, 36b, 36e, 36f, and a second average value 38b is formed from the third, fourth and sixth temperature values 36c, 36d, 36f. Consequently, the mean value of ¬ 38b formed from the temperature in the region of the contact surface of the second switch rail 12 to the second stock rail 8, whereby via the sixth temperature value, the temperature Tem ¬ the unheated filter 2 flows with 36f. In the same way the first mean 38a is created, and in addition the temperature 36e of the sleeper 14 is ¬ be taken into account here.
Die beiden Mittelwerte 38a, 38b werden als ein Schwellenwert 40a, 40b herangezogen, wobei je nach Beschaffenheit der Wei¬ che 2 hierfür von dem jeweiligen Mittelwert 38a, 38b ein Si- cherungswert abgezogen wird, der 5° Celsius betragen kann. Dieser Sicherungswert ist erforderlich, falls der mittels des sechsten Temperatursensors 26f erstellte Temperaturwert 36f nicht zur Mittelwertbildung herangezogen wird. The two mean values 38a, 38b are used as a threshold value 40a, 40b, whereby, depending on the nature of the surface 2, a respective value 38a, 38b of the respective mean value 38a, 38b is used. deducted, which may be 5 ° Celsius. This fuse value is required if the temperature value 36f created by means of the sixth temperature sensor 26f is not used for averaging.
In einem Vergleichsschritt 42 werden die mittels des ersten, zweiten, dritten, vierten und fünften Temperatursensors 26a, 26b, 26c, 26d, 26e erstellten Temperaturwerte 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e mit dem jeweiligen Schwellenwert 40a, 40b vergli- chen. Also die Temperaturwerte 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e je¬ weils mit dem Schwellenwert 40a, 40b, zu dessen Erstellung sie beitrugen. Der sechste Temperaturwert 36f, der der Tempe¬ ratur der unbeheizten Weiche 2 entspricht, wird mit keinem Schwellwert 40a, 40b verglichen. In einem Analyseschritt 44 wird überprüft, ob der Schwellenwert 40a, 40b kleiner als die Temperaturwerte 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e sind. Falls nicht wird in einem Meldungsschritt 46 eine Botschaft per Funk an die Wartungsleitstelle 24 geschickt, dass die Funktionalität der Heizung der Weiche 2 nicht gegeben ist. Vielmehr wird die Weiche 2 mittels der Heizelemente 4 nur unzureichend erwärmt, so dass nicht ausgeschlossen werden kann, dass zumindest eine der Weichenzungen 10, 12 an der korrespondierenden Backenschiene 6 bzw. 8 festgefroren ist. In diesem Fall wird entweder die Ansteuerung der Heizelemente 4 mittels der Ansteuerschaltung 16 verändert. Alternativ wird der Schienenabschnitt, der die Weiche 2 enthält, bis zur Wie¬ derherstellung der Funktionalität der Weiche 2 gesperrt oder zumindest lediglich in der bestehenden Ausrichtung der Wei- chenzungen 10, 12 verwendet. Das Verfahren 31 wird kontinu¬ ierlich wiederholt, solange die Heizelemente 4 mittels der Ansteuerschaltung 16 betrieben werden. Hierfür kann der mittels des sechsten Temperatursensors 26f erstellte Temperatur¬ wert 36f herangezogen werden. Dieser gibt die Temperatur der Backenschiene 6 an, die diese bei einer Abschaltung der Heiz¬ elemente 4 annehmen würde. In dem Beispiel sind an jeder Backenschiene 6, 8 lediglich zwei Heizelemente 4 und zwei bzw. drei Temperatursensoren 26 gezeigt. Vorteilhafterweise sind, je nach Größe der Weiche 2, weitere Heizelemente 4 und Temperatursensoren 26 an den je- weiligen Schienen 6, 8 angeordnet, wobei die mittels der Sen¬ soren 26 erstellten Temperaturwerte 36 zur Erstellung der beiden Schwellenwert 40a, 40b beitragen. Dabei wird der erste Schwellwert 40a mittels der Temperaturen 34 erstellt, die an der ersten Backenschiene 6 erfasst wurden, und der zweite Schwellwert 40b mittels der Temperaturen 34, die an der zwei¬ ten Backenschiene 8 erfasst wurden. Die Erfassung der Tempe¬ raturen 34 erfolgt im Wesentlichen gleichzeitig, und die An¬ zahl sowohl der Heizelemente 4 als auch der Sensoren 26 pro Schiene 6, 8 beträgt zwischen fünf und zehn, beispielsweise sechs. In a comparison step 42, the temperature values 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e created by means of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth temperature sensors 26a, 26b, 26c, 26d, 26e are compared with the respective threshold values 40a, 40b. So the temperature values 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e depending ¬ each with the threshold value 40a, 40b, they contributed to their creation. The sixth temperature value 36f corresponding to the Tempe ¬ temperature of the unheated filter 2 is compared with no threshold value 40a, 40b. In an analysis step 44, it is checked whether the threshold value 40a, 40b is smaller than the temperature values 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e. If not, a message is sent in a message step 46 by radio to the maintenance center 24 that the functionality of the heating of the switch 2 is not given. Rather, the switch 2 is heated only insufficiently by means of the heating elements 4, so that it can not be ruled out that at least one of the switch blades 10, 12 is frozen to the corresponding stock rail 6 and 8 respectively. In this case, either the control of the heating elements 4 is changed by means of the drive circuit 16. Alternatively, the track portion containing the filter 2 is locked to the ¬ As the manufacture of the functionality of the switch 2 or chenzungen at least only in the existing alignment the Wei 10, used 12th The process 31 is repeated continu ously ¬ as long as the heating elements are operated by means of the drive circuit 4 sixteenth For this, the temperature generated by the sixth temperature sensor 26f may be used ¬ value 36f. This indicates the temperature of the stock rail 6, which would adopt them 4 in a shutdown of the heating ¬ . In the example, only two heating elements 4 and two or three temperature sensors 26 are shown on each stock rail 6, 8. Advantageously, other heating elements 4 and temperature sensors are, depending on the size of the switch 2, located on the JE weiligen rails 6, 8 26, wherein the temperature values established by means of the Sen ¬ sensors 26 36 contribute to the creation of the two threshold value 40a, 40b. In this case, the first threshold value 40a is created by means of the temperatures 34 which were detected at the first stock rail 6, and the second threshold value 40b by means of the temperatures 34 which were detected at the two stock rail 8. The detection of Tempe ¬ temperatures 34 takes place substantially simultaneously, and the number ¬ At both of the heating elements 4 and the sensors 26 per rail 6, 8 is between five and ten, for example six.
Die Erfindung ist nicht auf das vorstehend beschriebene Aus¬ führungsbeispiel beschränkt. Vielmehr können auch andere Va¬ rianten der Erfindung von dem Fachmann hieraus abgeleitet werden, ohne den Gegenstand der Erfindung zu verlassen. Insbesondere sind ferner alle im Zusammenhang mit dem Ausführungsbeispiel beschriebene Einzelmerkmale auch auf andere Weise miteinander kombinierbar, ohne den Gegenstand der Erfindung zu verlassen. The invention is not limited to the above described example from ¬ guide. Rather, other Va ¬ variants of the invention to those skilled in can be derived therefrom without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, all the individual features described in connection with the exemplary embodiment can also be combined with one another in other ways, without departing from the subject matter of the invention.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Vorrichtung (20) zur Überwachung der Funktionsfähigkeit von Heizelementen (4) einer beheizbaren Weiche (2) eines Schienennetzes, mit einer Sensoranordnung (28) und mit ei¬ ner Auswerteeinheit (22), wobei die Sensoranordnung (28) einen im Bereich eines ersten Heizelements (4a) an einer der Schienen der Weiche (2), insbesondere einer Backenschiene (6, 8), anliegenden ersten Temperatursensor (26a) und einen im Bereich eines zweiten Heizelements (4b) an einer der Schienen der Weiche (2), insbesondere derselben Schiene (6, 8, 10, 12), anliegenden zweiten Temperatursensor (26b) umfasst. 2. Vorrichtung (20) nach Anspruch 1, 1. A device (20) for monitoring the functionality of heating elements (4) of a heatable switch (2) of a rail network, with a sensor arrangement (28) and with ei ¬ ner evaluation unit (22), wherein the sensor arrangement (28) one in the region of first heating element (4a) on one of the rails of the switch (2), in particular a stock rail (6, 8), adjacent first temperature sensor (26a) and one in the region of a second heating element (4b) on one of the rails of the switch (2), in particular the same rail (6, 8, 10, 12), adjacent second temperature sensor (26b). 2. Device (20) according to claim 1,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Sensoranordnung (28) einen im Bereich eines dritten Heizelements (4c) an einer weiteren der Schienen (6, 8, 10, 12) der Weiche (2), insbesondere der zweiten Backen- schiene (8), anliegenden dritten Temperatursensor (26c) und einen im Bereich eines vierten Heizelements (4d) an der weiteren Schiene (6, 8, 10, 12) der Weiche (2) anlie¬ genden vierten Temperatursensor (26d) umfasst. 3. Vorrichtung (20) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, characterized in that the sensor arrangement (28) in the region of a third heating element (4c) on a further of the rails (6, 8, 10, 12) of the switch (2), in particular the second jaw rail (8), adjacent third temperature sensor (26c) and in the region of a fourth heating element (4d) on the further rail (6, 8, 10, 12) of the switch (2) anlie ¬ ing fourth temperature sensor (26d). 3. Device (20) according to claim 1 or 2,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass zumindest einer der Temperatursensoren (26a, 26b, 26c, 26d) , insbesondere alle der Temperatursensoren (26a, 26b, 26c, 26d), auf der dem zugeordneten Heizelement (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) gegenüberliegenden Seite der jeweiligen Schiene That is, at least one of the temperature sensors (26a, 26b, 26c, 26d), in particular all of the temperature sensors (26a, 26b, 26c, 26d), on the opposite side of the respective rail to the associated heating element (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d)
(6) angeordnet ist. (6) is arranged.
4. Vorrichtung (20) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, 4. Device (20) according to one of claims 1 to 3,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass ein fünfter Temperatursensor (26e) in einem Schwellenfach That is, a fifth temperature sensor (26e) in a sleeper compartment may be used
(14) der Weiche (2) angeordnet ist. (14) of the switch (2) is arranged.
5. Vorrichtung (20) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass ein an einer der Schienen (6, 8, 10, 12) der Weiche (2) anliegender sechster Temperatursensor (26f) zu allen Heizelementen (4) der Weiche (2) beabstandet angeordnet ist. 5. Device (20) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a on one of the rails (6, 8, 10, 12) of the switch (2) adjacent sixth temperature sensor (26f) to all heating elements (4) of the switch (2) is arranged spaced.
Vorrichtung (20) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, g e k e n n z e i c h n e t d u r c h Device (20) according to one of claims 1 to 5, e e c e n e c e n e d d e r c h
einen Strom- und/oder Spannungssensor (26g), der mit einer Versorgungsleitung (18) zumindest eines der Heizelemente (4) der Weiche (2) verbunden ist. a current and / or voltage sensor (26g) which is connected to a supply line (18) of at least one of the heating elements (4) of the switch (2).
Vorrichtung (20) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, Device (20) according to one of claims 1 to 6,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Sensoren (26), insbesondere jeweils, eine eigene Ener¬ gieversorgung aufweisen. characterized in that the sensors (26), in particular in each case, an own Ener ¬ gieversorgung have.
Vorrichtung (20) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Sensoren (26), insbesondere jeweils, eine Sendeeinheit (30) zur drahtlosen Signalkoppelung mit der Auswerteeinheit (22) aufweisen. Device (20) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the sensors (26), in particular in each case, a transmitting unit (30) for wireless signal coupling with the evaluation unit (22).
Verfahren (31) zur Überwachung der Funktionsfähigkeit einer beheizbaren Weiche (2) eines Schienennetzes, Method (31) for monitoring the functionality of a heatable switch (2) of a rail network,
wobei zumindest eine der Schienen (6, 8, 10, 12) der Wei¬ che (2) beheizt wird, wherein at least one of the rails (6, 8, 10, 12) of the white surface (2) is heated,
wobei an zumindest zwei Bereichen (26a, 26b, 26c, 26d, 26e, 26f) der Weiche (2) die Temperatur (34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e, 34f) erfasst und daraus jeweils ein Temperatur¬ wert (36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e, 36f) erstellt wird, wherein at at least two areas (26a, 26b, 26c, 26d, 26e, 26f) of the switch (2), the temperature (34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e, 34f) is detected and therefrom, respectively, a temperature ¬ value (36a, 36b , 36c, 36d, 36e, 36f),
wobei auf eine Funktionsstörung der Weiche (2) geschlossen wird, falls einer der Temperaturwerte (36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e, 36f) unterhalb eines Schwellenwerts (40a, 40b) ist. Verfahren (31) nach Anspruch 9, wherein a malfunction of the switch (2) is inferred if one of the temperature values (36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e, 36f) is below a threshold value (40a, 40b). Method (31) according to claim 9,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die zwei Bereiche (26a, 26b, 26c, 26d, 26e, 26f) entlang der gleichen Schiene (6, 8, 10, 12) der Weiche (2) gewählt werden, insbesondere im Bereich einer Anlagefläche einer Weichenzunge (10, 12) an einer Backenschienen (6, 8) . characterized in that the two regions (26a, 26b, 26c, 26d, 26e, 26f) are selected along the same rail (6, 8, 10, 12) of the switch (2) be, in particular in the region of a contact surface of a switch tongue (10, 12) on a stock rails (6, 8).
11. Verfahren (31) nach Anspruch 10, 11. The method (31) according to claim 10,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass sowohl beide Backenschienen (6, 8) der Weiche (2) beheizt werden als auch jeweils an mindestens zwei Bereichen (26a, 26b, 26c, 26d, 26e, 26f) die Temperatur (34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e, 34f) erfasst und daraus ein Temperaturwert (36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e, 36f) erstellt wird.  characterized in that both the cheek rails (6, 8) of the switch (2) are heated as well as in each case at least two areas (26a, 26b, 26c, 26d, 26e, 26f) the temperature (34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e , 34f) and from which a temperature value (36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e, 36f) is created.
12. Verfahren (31) nach Anspruch 11, 12. The method (31) according to claim 11,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass für jede Backenschiene (6, 8) ein unterschiedlicher  That is, a different one for each stock rail (6, 8)
Schwellenwert (40a, 40b) gewählt wird.  Threshold (40a, 40b) is selected.
13. Verfahren (31) nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 12, 13. Method (31) according to one of claims 9 to 12,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Temperaturwerte (36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e, 36f) im We¬ sentlichen gleichzeitig ermittelt werden. characterized in that the temperature values (36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e, 36f) are determined simultaneously We ¬ sentlichen.
14. Verfahren (31) nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 13, 14. Method (31) according to one of claims 9 to 13,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass der Schwellenwert (40a, 40b) aus dem Mittelwert (38a, 38b) der Temperaturwerte (36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e, 36f) abzüglich eines Sicherungswerts gebildet wird.  That is, the threshold value (40a, 40b) is formed from the average value (38a, 38b) of the temperature values (36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e, 36f) minus a fuse value.
15. Verfahren (31) nach Anspruch 14, 15. Method (31) according to claim 14,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass in einem unbeheizten Bereich (26f) der Weiche (2) die Temperatur (34f) erfasst und ein Temperaturwert (36f) er¬ stellt wird, der zur Erstellung des Schwellwerts (40a, 40b) von dem von dem Mittelwert (38a, 38b) abgezogen wird . that in an unheated area (26f) detects the switch (2), the temperature (34f) and a temperature value (36f) it provides ¬ characterized is that the establishment of the threshold (40a, 40b) of the (from the mean 38a, 38b) is subtracted.
16. Verfahren (31) nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 15, 16. The method (31) according to any one of claims 9 to 15,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Störung der Weichenheizung (4) per Funk oder drahtlose Datenübertragung an eine Wartungsleitstelle (24) übermittelt wird. characterized in that the malfunction of the point heater (4) is transmitted by radio or wireless data transmission to a maintenance control center (24).
EP13756359.9A 2012-08-31 2013-08-22 Apparatus for monitoring the functionality of heating elements of a heatable switch Not-in-force EP2872372B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012215539.2A DE102012215539A1 (en) 2012-08-31 2012-08-31 Device for monitoring the functionality of heating elements of a heatable switch
PCT/EP2013/067429 WO2014033036A2 (en) 2012-08-31 2013-08-22 Apparatus for monitoring the functionality of heating elements of a heatable switch

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2872372A2 true EP2872372A2 (en) 2015-05-20
EP2872372B1 EP2872372B1 (en) 2017-04-12

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DE (1) DE102012215539A1 (en)
DK (1) DK2872372T3 (en)
PL (1) PL2872372T3 (en)
RU (1) RU2608194C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2014033036A2 (en)

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RU2739991C1 (en) * 2020-03-13 2020-12-30 Александр Георгиевич Семенов Control method of sensor with series-connected electric heaters of two spaced sensitive parts thereof

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DE29813001U1 (en) * 1998-07-21 1998-11-05 ESA Elektroschaltanlagen Grimma GmbH, 04668 Grimma Device for regulating and monitoring point heaters
GB2367580B (en) * 2000-10-05 2004-04-28 Rail Prod Design Ltd Points heating system
DE102009025107A1 (en) * 2009-06-11 2010-12-16 Hermos Systems Gmbh Method for controlling a point heating
RU114960U1 (en) * 2011-11-22 2012-04-20 Сергей Геннадьевич Конесев ARROW ELECTRIC HEATING DEVICE

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RU2739991C1 (en) * 2020-03-13 2020-12-30 Александр Георгиевич Семенов Control method of sensor with series-connected electric heaters of two spaced sensitive parts thereof

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WO2014033036A3 (en) 2014-09-12
RU2608194C2 (en) 2017-01-17
EP2872372B1 (en) 2017-04-12
RU2015111496A (en) 2016-10-20
DK2872372T3 (en) 2017-06-26
DE102012215539A1 (en) 2014-03-06
WO2014033036A2 (en) 2014-03-06
PL2872372T3 (en) 2017-09-29

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