EP2871635A1 - Kompensationsverfahren für eine Anzeigevorrichtung - Google Patents

Kompensationsverfahren für eine Anzeigevorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2871635A1
EP2871635A1 EP20130275283 EP13275283A EP2871635A1 EP 2871635 A1 EP2871635 A1 EP 2871635A1 EP 20130275283 EP20130275283 EP 20130275283 EP 13275283 A EP13275283 A EP 13275283A EP 2871635 A1 EP2871635 A1 EP 2871635A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
display
content
resolution
input
luminance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP20130275283
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
designation of the inventor has not yet been filed The
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BAE Systems PLC
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BAE Systems PLC
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BAE Systems PLC filed Critical BAE Systems PLC
Priority to EP20130275283 priority Critical patent/EP2871635A1/de
Priority to PCT/EP2014/073977 priority patent/WO2015067719A1/en
Priority to AU2014345573A priority patent/AU2014345573A1/en
Priority to EP14793597.7A priority patent/EP3066661A1/de
Priority to BR112016010244-4A priority patent/BR112016010244B1/pt
Priority to US15/034,224 priority patent/US20160284319A1/en
Publication of EP2871635A1 publication Critical patent/EP2871635A1/de
Priority to AU2019204179A priority patent/AU2019204179A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/001—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes using specific devices not provided for in groups G09G3/02 - G09G3/36, e.g. using an intermediate record carrier such as a film slide; Projection systems; Display of non-alphanumerical information, solely or in combination with alphanumerical information, e.g. digital display on projected diapositive as background
    • G09G3/002—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes using specific devices not provided for in groups G09G3/02 - G09G3/36, e.g. using an intermediate record carrier such as a film slide; Projection systems; Display of non-alphanumerical information, solely or in combination with alphanumerical information, e.g. digital display on projected diapositive as background to project the image of a two-dimensional display, such as an array of light emitting or modulating elements or a CRT
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
    • G09G2310/02—Addressing, scanning or driving the display screen or processing steps related thereto
    • G09G2310/0232—Special driving of display border areas
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2340/00—Aspects of display data processing
    • G09G2340/04—Changes in size, position or resolution of an image
    • G09G2340/0407—Resolution change, inclusive of the use of different resolutions for different screen areas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to a compensation method for a display apparatus, and to a display apparatus which utilises such a method.
  • the contrast ratio of display content is important. This is because a low contrast ratio for the display content may result in it being difficult or impossible for the user of the display to easily see the content, or to understand the content in any meaningful way. This is true of perhaps all display devices.
  • the problem is particularly relevant to display apparatus that provide display content on a display screen that is at least partially transparent, for example a combiner of a head up display apparatus. The problem is particularly prevalent in such applications because of the partially transparent nature of the display screen. This means that the contrast ratio of a display content is not set relative to a background level that is in some way controllable, but is instead dictated by the surrounding ambient light conditions.
  • the contrast ratio is reduced at one or more regions of a display screen due to processing of the content to be displayed on that screen, then use of a display screen is adversely affected. It is desirable to have a contrast ratio and/or output luminance that varies as little as possible across the display screen, to improve the viewing experience of the user.
  • a compensation method for a display apparatus comprising: at least partially compensating for the reduction in contrast ratio in advance, by decreasing the input resolution of the input content for display at the region.
  • the processing may comprise optical processing, and/or signal processing.
  • Optical processing might comprise reflection, refraction, or diffraction, amongst other optical manipulations.
  • the at least partial compensation may comprise adjusting an input signal used in the generation and/or display of the content.
  • the adjusting may comprise using more pixels to display content, or pixels at different output luminances.
  • Display content may be subjected to an anti-aliasing function prior to display at the display screen.
  • the anti-aliasing function may be used to decrease the resolution of the content.
  • the decrease in contrast may comprise a decrease in luminance of the display content, and/or the decrease in input resolution of the input content may result in an increase in luminance of the display content.
  • the content display resolution at the region may be lower than content display resolution at another, different region of the display screen, for example for the same input display content displayed at the different regions.
  • the at least partial compensation might comprise ensuring that a contrast ratio between a display content luminance and a background luminance is at or above 1.2:1 (sometime referred to simply as 1.2).
  • the display screen may be at least partially transparent.
  • the background luminance may be a luminance visible to a user through the/an at least partially transparent display screen.
  • the at least partial compensation might additionally comprise increasing an output luminance of a display source.
  • the at least partial compensation may comprise increasing an output luminance of a display source (e.g. one or more emissive light sources), such that the decrease in the input resolution of the input content for display at the region, together with the increase in luminance of the display source, ensures that a contrast ratio between a display content luminance and a background luminance is at or above 1.2:1.
  • a display source e.g. one or more emissive light sources
  • the at least partial compensation might comprise one or more of: increasing a dimension, increasing a size, increasing a line-width, or increasing a scale of the display content for the region.
  • the method might comprise determining whether, and/or to what extent, the content display resolution is lower than the content input resolution for the region of the display, by one or more of modelling and measurement, in advance of implementing the at least partial compensation.
  • the display screen may be at least partially transparent, and/or comprise a combiner.
  • the display apparatus may be, or may form at least a part of, a head up display.
  • a display apparatus capable of processing input content having an input resolution to display the content with a display resolution at a display screen, the processing being such that, without compensation, for a region of the display screen the content display resolution is lower than the content input resolution, resulting in a reduction in a contrast ratio for display content in that region, the display apparatus comprising or being in connection with a controller arranged to at least partially compensate for the reduction in contrast ratio in advance, by decreasing the input resolution of the input content.
  • the display screen may be at least partially transparent, and/or comprise a combiner.
  • the display apparatus may be, or may form at least a part of, a head up display (which includes a head or helmet mounted display).
  • FIG. 1 schematically depicts a head up display apparatus.
  • the apparatus comprises a display source 2, for example a pixelated display source.
  • the display source 2 may be pixelated in terms of its light sources and/or elements used in the filtering of one or more light sources.
  • the pixelation might be due to the display source 2 being a pixelated emissive display source, or to more passive devices that need a light source such as a light emitting diode located behind a liquid crystal shutter/filter.
  • a light source may be in some way pixelated using one or more mirrors, liquid crystal elements, and so on.
  • Emitted light 4 is in some way processed 6 before being projected on to or in some other way provided at a display screen 8.
  • the processing 6 typically comprises optical processing, for example in some way conditioning the output light for using one or more mirrors, prisms, lens arrangements and so on.
  • the processing might also and/or alternatively comprise signal processing in software and/or hardware (e.g. image processing).
  • the optical processing 6 is typically such that the light projected on to or in some way output at the display screen 8 is collimated in nature, allowing for easy viewing by a user of the display apparatus.
  • the display screen 8 is at least partially transparent in nature, for example being or forming a combiner. This allows display content to be provided on the display screen 8, while at the same time allowing the user to view a background through the semi transparent display screen 8.
  • the background might be the environment in which the display apparatus is used. This allows symbology to be overlaid over a real world view.
  • luminance of display content provided at the display screen 8 is as uniform as possible across the display screen 8. This is because local reductions, resulting in reductions in contrast ratio, could lead to display content in the region of the reduction becoming difficult to discern against a bright background.
  • Figure 2 is a graph schematically depicting optical properties of the apparatus of Figure 1 .
  • the graph depicts a background luminance 10, and a flat field output luminance 12, both across the field of view of the display screen of Figure 1 .
  • the graph of Figure 2 also shows a contrast ratio 14 across that field of view.
  • the flat field luminance 12, and thus the contrast ratio 14 varies across the field of view. This variation is due to the processing of the light. The variation is such that the contrast ratio falls from 1.25:1 (sometimes referred to simply as 1.25) at the centre of the display to 1.20:1 at the edge of the field of view of the display. However, this variation in contrast ratio 14 might still be acceptable, since a contrast ratio of 1.2:1 is typically deemed acceptable as a lower limit for display content contrast in daylight.
  • Figure 2 shows the situation with flat field output luminance 12.
  • the resolution of displayed content must also be considered when considering the contrast ratio properties.
  • Such compromises are usually qualified or quantified using parameters such as the modulation transfer function (MTF) for a sinusoidal input or contrast transfer function (CTF) for a square wave input.
  • MTF modulation transfer function
  • CTF contrast transfer function
  • contrast transfer function is usually taken to be the most appropriate parameter for consideration.
  • the contrast transfer function is the magnitude response of the processing of the light (e.g. optical processing) to a square wave input of different spatial frequencies.
  • Figure 3 is a graph schematically depicting input content in the form of a two-pixel-wide line 20 for display at the centre of the display screen.
  • the associated output luminance profile 22 is shown. It can already been seen that the peak luminance has been reduced to 80% of that for a flat field output.
  • Figure 4 shows the same input two-pixel-wide line 20, but for display at the edge of the display screen.
  • the display luminance profile 24 is shown. It can be seen that at the edge of the field of view of the display screen, the peak luminance has been reduced to 60% of that for a flat field. Also, it can be seen that the luminance profile 24 as a whole is far flatter than for the same display content when displayed at the centre of the display screen as shown in Figure 3 .
  • An overall result is that the reduction in luminance of display content toward the edge of the display screen results in further degradation of the contrast ratio, and also a reduction in resolution, of the display content, in comparison with the input resolution and/or in comparison with the resolution of the same content displayed at other regions of the display screen.
  • Figure 5 is a graph depicting an overall view of optical properties of the display screen for flat field output and more specific display content output.
  • the same background luminance level 10 is shown, as is the flat field displayed output luminance 12.
  • the variation in output luminance for more specific display content 30 is also shown as varying across the field of view.
  • the variation is such that the contrast ratio of the more specific display content (e.g. symbology) varies far more than the contrast ratio for flat field output as already shown in Figure 2 . This is to the extent that only display content at the centre of field of view achieves what could be classed as a minimum requirement of 1.2:1 in terms of contrast ratio, with the contrast ratio at the edge of the field of view falling to as low as 1.12:1.
  • threshold value might be the contrast ratio of 1.2:1 already discussed above, or a luminance required to achieve that ratio.
  • the conventional approach to providing such compensation would typically be to simply increase the luminance of the displayed content by, for example, increasing the output luminance at the display source, for example increasing LED drive current or similar.
  • This solution might indeed provide the required compensation.
  • the compensation itself then has associated drawbacks. For instance, and with reference to Figure 5 , to achieve a minimum contrast ratio of 1.20:1 at the edge of the display would require a 67% increase in the overall display luminance. This is clearly a significant increase, which would clearly require a significant increase in power consumption for the display apparatus. Perhaps more importantly, the increase power consumption would also require an associated power dissipation increase, with resultant increase in equipment temperatures (e.g. screen temperatures). This increase in temperature could cause reliability issues and other problems, for example in the case of head up displays such as helmet mounted displays, where it might be difficult to easily dissipate such power while maintaining practical functionality for the apparatus, for example a lightweight yet cost-effective construction.
  • one or more disadvantages described above may be obviated or mitigated.
  • a compensation method is provided for a display apparatus.
  • the display apparatus is typically capable of processing input content having an input resolution to display the content with a display resolution at a display screen.
  • the processing (for example optical or signal) is such that, without compensation, for a region of the display screen the content display resolution is lower than the content input resolution. That is, there is resolution loss from input to output.
  • the processing is such that the content display resolution at the region of the display screen is lower than content display resolution at another, different region of the display screen. For example, there are resolution differences between display content displayed at the centre of the display screen and toward the edge of the display screen, or generally between different regions of the screen.
  • the reduction in resolution results in a reduction in a contrast ratio for display content in that region, for example as already shown in and described with reference to Figure 4 , above.
  • the compensation method comprises at least partially compensating for the reduction in contrast ratio in advance - i.e. before the content is processed, and the reduction in contrast ratio is introduced by the processing.
  • the at least partial compensation comprises decreasing the input resolution of the input content for display at the region of concern. In general, the decrease in the input resolution of the input content results in an overall increase in the output luminance for that content, and thus an increase in contrast ratio.
  • the decrease in input resolution may be achieved, or further defined, or alternately defined as or by one or more of the following: increasing a dimension, increasing a size, increasing a line width, or increasing a scale of the display content in or for that region.
  • the decrease in resolution for the display content might correspond to where on the screen the modulation transfer function or the contrast transfer function is also found, determined or detected to decrease.
  • Example embodiments might be described as somewhat counter-intuitive. For instance, when it is difficult to view content due to the reduction in contrast ratio and resolution and as referenced in Figure 4 , the solution is to decrease the resolution of the input content. It is not at all obvious that a decrease in the resolution of the input content actually solves the problem that is directly associated with a decrease in resolution of the displayed content. For example, it might be expected that the input resolution (e.g. line width) should actually be increased in areas where display resolution has been found to decrease, so as to provide the appearance of more constant resolution (e.g. thickness of lines or size) of display content across the display screen.
  • the input resolution e.g. line width
  • the input resolution e.g. line width
  • the input resolution should actually be increased in areas where display resolution has been found to decrease, so as to provide the appearance of more constant resolution (e.g. thickness of lines or size) of display content across the display screen.
  • Figure 6 shows the same graph as already shown in and described with reference to Figure 3 .
  • a two-pixel-wide line 20 forms the input display content, and the output takes the form of the luminance profile 22.
  • compensation is at least partially achieved by increasing the line width (i.e. the resolution) of the line forming the input content.
  • the line width is adjusted, and increased to be three pixels wide 40, as opposed to two pixels wide.
  • the increase in the number of pixels used to form the content results in an output luminance profile 42 that is far more visible to the user. This is to the extent that the peak luminance of the content displayed at the edge of the display is now the same as the peak luminance of content displayed at the centre of the display.
  • This decrease in resolution which might alternatively or additionally be described as an increase in size of the input content, might be achieved by adjusting an input signal, for example a driving signal, used in the generation of the display of the content.
  • an input signal for example a driving signal
  • a driving signal to the display apparatus e.g. the source
  • the display apparatus can be adjusted to make the display content X have a lower resolution (i.e. larger size) in the region.
  • Such a decrease in resolution/increase in size might be achieved more easily, and/or more suitably, if the content is isolated in nature.
  • the content may be a symbol such as a letter or a number or an image, or be a line, or a dot or a shape, as opposed to forming a more complex part of a composite image or the like.
  • a decrease in the resolution local to a region, and thus for specific content for or at that region might be more easily achieved if the feature is isolated, for example in comparison with if the decrease in resolution needed to be undertaken near or adjacent to or around features where no resolution change was required.
  • the change in size/resolution of the input content does not necessarily need to be limited to using multiple pixels at full luminance output.
  • one or more pixels or the like could be used to provide output at a below maximum level 44, for example to finely tune the output luminance 42.
  • the decreasing in resolution/increasing in size of the input content can be used to make the output luminance across the display far more uniform.
  • an overall increase in display luminance can be implemented, for example to ensure that the contrast ratio across the entire display exceeds a minimum threshold value, for example 1.2:1 as discussed above.
  • the increase in overall display luminance is far lower than would have been required without any compensation by decrease in input content resolution, for example the 67% increase described in relation to Figure 5 .
  • an overall increase in display luminance of only 25% can be used to ensure the contrast ratio now exceeds 1.2:1 across the entire field of view of the display screen, in combination with the decrease in input resolution. This is shown in the graph at Figure 8 .
  • Figure 8 is a graph depicting optical properties of the display apparatus employing the compensation methodology as described.
  • the same background luminance level 10 already shown in and described with reference to previous Figures is shown.
  • the flat field output luminance level 12 is also shown, this level being 25% higher than the same indicative level as shown in and described with reference to Figure 2 , due to the 25% increase in general output luminance for the display as previously described.
  • the output luminance level across the display is also shown for more specific display content 50, such as symbols like text, shapes, letters, numbers, lines, dots or similar.
  • the resulting contrast ratio 52 is also shown.
  • Figure 8 clearly shows that, in this particular example, the increase in overall display luminance needed to achieve the required contrast ratio of 1.2:1 across the display reduces from 67% (i.e. as in conventional approaches) to only 25% (with the example embodiment). Therefore, power consumption is reduced in comparison with conventional approaches, and so is the need for power dissipation.
  • the method might comprise determining whether, and/or to what extent, the content display resolution is lower than the content input resolution for the region of the display, by one or more of modelling and measurement, in advance of implementing the at least partial compensation.
  • modelling might reveal where resolution and luminance variation might be expected, or measurement might show where such occurs.
  • Measurement might comprise imaging the display screen when display example content, to see how resolution and/luminance varies from an expected resolution/luminance and/or across the display screen.
  • a display apparatus could be provided that has, or is in connection with, a controller for implementing the described methodology.
  • the descried methodology could be applied to existing display apparatus, to compensate as described above.
  • the compensation method could be selectively applied.
  • the compensation might not be required in low light conditions, and in which case decreasing resolution of some content may not be needed or beneficial.
  • a switch (electronic, physical, or in software and so on) might be provided to allow for selective activation and deactivation of the methodology.
  • a change in resolution of input content may not be the same magnitude across the display screen/for content to be displayed across the display screen.
  • the change may be different for different content/regions, and will likely be proportional to resolution and luminance variation at the display screen before such compensation is applied.
  • the decrease in the input resolution of the input content for display at particular region of the display screen where compensation is required can be achieved in a number of ways.
  • the display content could be in some way scaled up or similar by taking stored display content and scaling that content and storing that content separately, or by replacement.
  • the actual display content may not change in form, and the display content may be processed in some way to have its resolution decreased/its size increased before, for instance, optical processing for the display at the display screen.
  • an anti-aliasing function is applied to the display content prior to display at the display screen, for example to smooth edges of the display content.
  • the properties of the anti-aliasing function may be taken advantage of in example embodiments, by providing a convenient way for decreasing the resolution of the display content/increasing its size, for example in a way at least similar to that shown in Figure 7 .
  • the display content described herein could be any suitable content.
  • the content could be part of an image, or could be a symbol, such as an icon, character, text, number, shape, line, dot and son on. It might be beneficial if the content is isolated, in that the content (e.g. when displayed) is not in functional or aesthetic contact with other content that does not need to have its resolution decreased/its size increased.
  • the isolation provides space in which to in some way expand the displayed content.
  • the display apparatus may be pixelated in nature, meaning that the display source and/or the display screen is pixelated. With such pixelation, resolution and thus luminance decrease for output display content is more prevalent due to the modulation transfer function (MTF) or the contrast transfer function (CTF), described previously. In other examples, the display apparatus may not be pixelated. For instance, the problems described above can arise for reasons other than CTF or MTF, for example due to optical deformities in an optical system, such as aberrations or unwanted lens affects.
  • MTF modulation transfer function
  • CTF contrast transfer function
  • the source and screen may be in close proximity, or may even form or be same apparatus or unit.
  • the source may serve as the screen.
  • the example embodiments have shown how output resolution and luminance may decrease toward an edge of a display screen. This has been found to be typical in head up displays. However, such decrease may occur in other locations. If the decrease is toward the edge (i.e. periphery) of the screen, then the described compensation might involve a further beneficial affect. Decreasing the resolution/increasing the size of content at the periphery of the screen allows the content to be more visible in the peripheral vision of the user when the user is viewing centrally located content, since peripheral vision is not as well adapted at viewing or processing higher resolution content.
  • a head up display incorporates such displays as helmet or head mounted displays.
  • the general principles described above are also applicable to display apparatus in general, and are not necessarily limited to application to head up displays.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
EP20130275283 2013-11-08 2013-11-08 Kompensationsverfahren für eine Anzeigevorrichtung Ceased EP2871635A1 (de)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20130275283 EP2871635A1 (de) 2013-11-08 2013-11-08 Kompensationsverfahren für eine Anzeigevorrichtung
PCT/EP2014/073977 WO2015067719A1 (en) 2013-11-08 2014-11-06 A compensation method for a display apparatus
AU2014345573A AU2014345573A1 (en) 2013-11-08 2014-11-06 A compensation method for a display apparatus
EP14793597.7A EP3066661A1 (de) 2013-11-08 2014-11-06 Kompensationsverfahren für eine anzeigevorrichtung
BR112016010244-4A BR112016010244B1 (pt) 2013-11-08 2014-11-06 Método de compensação para um aparelho de exibição, e, aparelho de exibição
US15/034,224 US20160284319A1 (en) 2013-11-08 2014-11-06 Compensation method for a display apparatus
AU2019204179A AU2019204179A1 (en) 2013-11-08 2019-06-14 A compensation method for a display apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20130275283 EP2871635A1 (de) 2013-11-08 2013-11-08 Kompensationsverfahren für eine Anzeigevorrichtung

Publications (1)

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EP2871635A1 true EP2871635A1 (de) 2015-05-13

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EP20130275283 Ceased EP2871635A1 (de) 2013-11-08 2013-11-08 Kompensationsverfahren für eine Anzeigevorrichtung

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6115007A (en) * 1996-10-16 2000-09-05 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Head mounted display system with varied pixel width
US20020167461A1 (en) * 2001-05-09 2002-11-14 Barry Bronson Wearable display and method of displaying images using a wearable display
US20030169276A1 (en) * 2002-03-08 2003-09-11 David Muresan Moving-pixels procedure for digital picture edge-smoothing
US20030214513A1 (en) * 2002-05-14 2003-11-20 Microsoft Corporation Type size dependent anti-aliasing in sub-pixel precision rendering systems
US20040232240A1 (en) * 2001-08-27 2004-11-25 O'keeffe Donal Visual display device and a method for operating a visual display panel
US20130100497A1 (en) * 2011-10-20 2013-04-25 Koichi AMIYA Display system including first and second display devices

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6115007A (en) * 1996-10-16 2000-09-05 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Head mounted display system with varied pixel width
US20020167461A1 (en) * 2001-05-09 2002-11-14 Barry Bronson Wearable display and method of displaying images using a wearable display
US20040232240A1 (en) * 2001-08-27 2004-11-25 O'keeffe Donal Visual display device and a method for operating a visual display panel
US20030169276A1 (en) * 2002-03-08 2003-09-11 David Muresan Moving-pixels procedure for digital picture edge-smoothing
US20030214513A1 (en) * 2002-05-14 2003-11-20 Microsoft Corporation Type size dependent anti-aliasing in sub-pixel precision rendering systems
US20130100497A1 (en) * 2011-10-20 2013-04-25 Koichi AMIYA Display system including first and second display devices

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