EP2870410B1 - Surface-combustion gas burner - Google Patents

Surface-combustion gas burner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2870410B1
EP2870410B1 EP13732983.5A EP13732983A EP2870410B1 EP 2870410 B1 EP2870410 B1 EP 2870410B1 EP 13732983 A EP13732983 A EP 13732983A EP 2870410 B1 EP2870410 B1 EP 2870410B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sheet
gas
deflector
burner according
micro
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EP13732983.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2870410A1 (en
Inventor
Joseph Le Mer
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Sermeta SAS
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Sermeta SAS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/12—Radiant burners
    • F23D14/14—Radiant burners using screens or perforated plates
    • F23D14/145—Radiant burners using screens or perforated plates combustion being stabilised at a screen or a perforated plate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/26—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid with provision for a retention flame
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/48—Nozzles
    • F23D14/58—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/48—Nozzles
    • F23D14/58—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration
    • F23D14/583—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration of elongated shape, e.g. slits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/48—Nozzles
    • F23D14/58—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration
    • F23D14/583—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration of elongated shape, e.g. slits
    • F23D14/586—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration of elongated shape, e.g. slits formed by a set of sheets, strips, ribbons or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/70—Baffles or like flow-disturbing devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2203/00—Gaseous fuel burners
    • F23D2203/10—Flame diffusing means
    • F23D2203/102—Flame diffusing means using perforated plates
    • F23D2203/1026—Flame diffusing means using perforated plates with slotshaped openings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2203/00—Gaseous fuel burners
    • F23D2203/10—Flame diffusing means
    • F23D2203/104—Grids, e.g. honeycomb grids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/00012—Liquid or gas fuel burners with flames spread over a flat surface, either premix or non-premix type, e.g. "Flächenbrenner"

Definitions

  • the invention is in the field of surface-burning gas burners.
  • gas burner By the term “gas burner” is meant a burner fed in fact by an air / gas premix.
  • gas used for simplification purposes, means in fact an air / gas premix.
  • a so-called "surface burning” burner as opposed to a torch burner, means a burner in which the combustion takes place on a combustion surface or combustion grate, through which the air / gas mixture is fed. under pressure.
  • This type of burner finds a particular but non-limiting application in gas boilers.
  • the burner generates combustion gases that heat the heat exchanger traversed by the fluid to be heated.
  • the performance of attachment of the flame on the combustion surface conditions the quality of the combustion of the fuel used (here the gas), as well as the range of power variation of this burner.
  • the performance of a burner to hang its flame, the shape of the burner, and the volume of the enclosure (or hearth) in which the combustion occurs depends the quality of this combustion, it is that is to say the more or less important rejection of polluting gases in the atmosphere.
  • flame catching is meant the ability of the base of the flame to remain near the combustion surface.
  • the first type of burner comprises a combustion surface (or combustion grid), consisting of a perforated stainless steel sheet of various holes more or less small and slits of varying sizes.
  • a combustion surface or combustion grid
  • Such a burner is for example of cylindrical shape.
  • the particular combination of zones of small holes with slit zones, the sections of which are therefore larger, makes it possible to hang the flame correctly, but only for a very small range of variation of power, that is to say say on the order of 1 to 3.
  • this burner When this burner is used at low power, that is to say with a low rate of introduction of the premix air / gas, its surface undergoes a very large increase in temperature, (several hundred degrees), linked in contact with the flame with the sheet, which causes flamebacks inside the burner, and can even lead to the destruction thereof.
  • the second known type of burner consists of a perforated steel sheet, coated with a layer of stainless steel wire fibers, disposed on the outer surface of the perforated sheet.
  • This layer of fibers is of the order of 1 mm to 2 mm thick and plays a fairly effective role of flame-holder, and a role of thermal insulation to reduce the temperature rise of the perforated sheet and thus reduce the risk of re-entry.
  • the invention relates to a surface combustion gas burner according to claim 1.
  • said sheet comprises a series of baffles integral with said sheet and protruding on its outer face, each baffle extending longitudinally and laterally over the entire surface of a slot, each baffle includes a gas flow guiding portion and a joining portion to the sheet, said guide portion being spaced from the sheet so as to arrange therewith at least one gas ejection side lumen and said baffles are arranged in pairs, so that their side gas ejection ports are facing each other.
  • the burner can be used at very high power without flame separation and conversely at very low power, without flashback, which ensures its robustness and longevity.
  • This burner comprises a combustion grate. It is connected to means not shown, for example a fan, suitable for bringing an air / gas mixture, for example air / natural gas, under pressure, to the inside of the burner.
  • the gaseous mixture passes through the orifices of the gate and combustion is initiated on its outer surface by an ignition system known to those skilled in the art.
  • This combustion grate consists of a metal sheet 1 made of metal, for example stainless steel, or refractory material. These inner and outer faces are respectively referenced 11 and 12.
  • This sheet 1 is pierced with a series of slots 2 of generally rectangular shape, each slot 2 comprising two longitudinal edges 23, 24.
  • Each slot 2 is surmounted by a bridge 3 or "small bridge", which is of a piece (that is to say material) with said sheet 1 and protrudes from the outer surface 12 thereof. this.
  • the bridge 3 acts as a deflector for the gas passing through the sheet 1.
  • Each bridge 3 consists of a metal tongue curved or shaped so that its concavity is oriented towards the slot 2.
  • the bridge has a central portion 30 and two ends 31, 32 which are respectively connected to the two ends 21 and 22 of the slot 2 above which this bridge extends longitudinally and laterally.
  • the central portion 30 constitutes a guide portion of the gas flow and the ends 31, 32, a joining portion to the sheet 1.
  • the slots 2 are made using appropriate cutting punches, not shown in the figures for simplification purposes.
  • the width L1 of the bridge 3 is equal to the width L2 of the slot 2 above which it is arranged, (see FIG. figure 3 ).
  • the stroke of the cutting punch defines the height H2 of a space 4, formed between the bridge 3, (more precisely its central portion 30) and the slot 2.
  • the spacing between the bridge 3 and the outer face 12 of the sheet 1 located near the bridge defines two lights 40 and 40 ', called “side gas ejection ports", on either side of the space 4 (see figure 3 ).
  • These lateral gas ejection ports 40 and 40 'respectively extend in planes P1 and P2 which are parallel to each other and moreover perpendicular to the plane P3 of the slot 2. In the rest of the description and the claims, this P3 plane of the slot 2 is taken at the outer face 12 of the sheet 1.
  • the bridges 3 are all the same length and are arranged parallel to each other and aligned along a median axis YY ' which is perpendicular to them.
  • the various bridges 3 are therefore arranged in the form of lines 81 or rows, (horizontal on the figure 1 ).
  • the bridges 3 are arranged in pairs whose side lights 40, 40 'face each other.
  • the bridges 3 of different lines 81 are aligned along a longitudinal axis X1-X'1 or X2-X'2 perpendicular to Y-Y ', so as to define a column of bridges 82, (vertical on the figure 1 ).
  • the sheet 1 is provided only with slots 2 and with bridges 3.
  • another type of perforations of particular geometry is also practiced on the whole sheet 1.
  • these orifices 5 are circular and the micro-tubes 6 are cylindrical, so that they have a central axis or axis of revolution Z-Z ' perpendicular to the sheet 1 (see in particular figures 3 and 4 ).
  • micro-6 open tubes thus constitute micro-injectors gas.
  • These micro-tubes 6 have the effect of considerably increasing the thickness of the sheet 1 at the place where they are formed.
  • the orifices 5 and the micro-tubes 6 are obtained for example by stamping, which has the effect of stretching the material of the sheet.
  • the outer diameter D1 of the base of these micro-tubes 6 at their interface with the outer face 12 of the sheet 1 is greater than their outside diameter at the top D2.
  • the thickness of the wall of the micro-tube is frustoconical.
  • the slots / bridges and the orifices / micro-tubes can be arranged and grouped on the sheet 1, so as to form different patterns 7.
  • the micro-tubes 6 are grouped in pairs and are aligned in pairs along an axis X-X ', while a slot 2 and a bridge 3 are arranged on either side of this pair of orifices 5 / micro-tubes 6, so that their longitudinal axes X1-X'1 or X2-X'2 are parallel to the axis X-X '.
  • these patterns 7 may be arranged and repeated on the sheet 1, so that the spacing E1 between the longitudinal axes X1-X'1 and X2-X'2 of the left bridges 3a and 3b respectively of a first pattern 7, equal to the spacing E2 between the longitudinal axis X2-X'2 of the right bridge 3b of this pattern 7 and the longitudinal axis X1-X'1 of the left bridge 3a of a second pattern 7 'neighbor and to the right of the first pattern 7.
  • the spacing E3 between two axes X-X ' of micro-tube alignment 6 is twice the value of the distance E1 between two left bridges 3a and 3b right of the same pair. This characteristic is not mandatory.
  • the figure 11 represents the case of a circular flat surface burner.
  • the different rows 81, even 81 'of patterns 7 are aligned parallel to each other.
  • the ratio L1 / H2 is at least equal to 0.5.
  • the ratio H3 / D is between 0.2 and 2, more preferably equal to 1.
  • the deflector referenced 3 ' has the general shape of an "awning” and comprises a longitudinally extending longitudinal portion 30' which extends longitudinally over the entire length of the slot 2 and which serves to guide the gas flow. It is connected, along one of its longitudinal sides, to the sheet 1 with which it came from material, by a curved portion 33 '.
  • a space 4 ' is provided between the part 30' and the slot 2 and there is a single lateral gas ejection light 41 between the part 30 'and the sheet 1.
  • baffles 3 ' are arranged opposite each other, so that their respective slots 41 are facing one another.
  • the deflector has the form of a "hearing” 3 ", which differs simply from the awning 3 'by the arcuate shape of its joining portion 33" to the sheet 1.
  • the view of the figure 1 represents only a portion of the sheet 1, seen from above, so flat.
  • the burner formed from this sheet may have different geometric shapes.
  • the combustion grate of the burner has a cylindrical shape; its upper face is closed by a disc and its side wall has the perforation patterns 7, 7 'described above. It will be noted that it would also be possible to provide these patterns only on a portion of arc-of-circle of this cylinder.
  • the axes X1-X'1 and X2-X'2 of the bridges are parallel to the axis of revolution of the cylindrical burner.
  • the figure 10 represents a burner whose combustion grate is circular and flat. Although this is not shown, this grid may also be slightly curved, so that its outer surface is convex, its concavity being oriented towards the arrival of the gas (towards the bottom of the figure 10 ).
  • the sheet 1 may be bent longitudinally in the form of a dihedral, so as to have a substantially triangular cross section with rounded upper tip.
  • the gas outlet through an orifice 5 and the micro-tube 6 is made in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the sheet and therefore to its outer face 12 (arrow F3).
  • the gas leaving the slot 2 perpendicularly to the plane of the sheet 1 abuts against the deflector, more precisely against its central portion 30 for guiding the gas flow, which extends over the whole of the surface of this slot, so that it can not escape perpendicular to the sheet 1.
  • the gas outlet is therefore effected on either side of the bridges 3, through the lateral gas ejection ports 40 and 40 '.
  • this gas outlet is parallel to the outer face 12 of the sheet 1 (arrow F1), or tangentially if the sheet 1 is curved. , (case of a cylindrical burner).
  • This gas outlet via the gas ejection lateral light 40 is therefore carried out perpendicularly to the axis of the gas jets (arrow F3) coming from the neighboring micro-tubes 6, or almost perpendicularly to this direction F3 if the output of gas is tangential.
  • the gas leaving the light 40 ', located in front of a micro-tube 6, is also directed parallel to the face 12 or tangentially thereto, then when it hits the micro-tube 6 is then returned outwards (arrow F2), parallel to the arrow jets F3.
  • the gas emerging from the light 40 'between the two tubes 6 is also directed in the direction of the arrows F1.
  • the generatrix G of the inner face 110 of the guide portion 30 'of the deflector extends parallel to the plane P3 of the slot 2. It is the same for the other embodiments of the deflector.
  • the generatrix G could also be almost parallel to the plane P3 (small angular variation possible), since most of the gas flow is guided as mentioned above.
  • the in-line combustion zone along the X-X ' axis receives not only the gas flow of the pairs of micro-tubes 6 but also the flow rate. of gas from the bridges 3 located on either side.
  • This combustion zone represented by the flame 91 on the figure 5 is called "main flow”.
  • these main flow combustion zones 91 are alternated with combustion zones 92, called "secondary flow" zones, which extend along the axes X3-X'3 and which simply receive the gas flow rate of the bridges 3 (arrows F1 on the figures 1 , 3 and 5 ).
  • the coefficient of transparency plays an important role in the combustion behavior that is obtained, as a function of the gas flow rate for different desired power ranges.
  • Curve C1 was obtained with a burner of the prior art, the combustion grate of which is a perforated sheet which included only a series of slots and orifices but without bridges and without micro-tubes. It can be seen that this CO emission curve increases progressively when the power is increased beyond 5 kW and this, from 5 to 30 kW, thus confirming the degradation of combustion hygiene by flame detachment. (the CO value below 5 kW can not be estimated because there is a return of flame).
  • the curve C2 represents the results obtained with the burner according to the invention having alternating patterns of double micro-tubes and double bridges, with the preferred dimensions given above. It can be seen that the CO emission only varies from 0 ppm to 6 ppm for a power variation range of 1 to 30 kW. Other tests performed on NOx show that they are halved with the burner according to the invention.
  • a particular application of this type of burner relates to heat exchangers, and in particular those of domestic and industrial boilers. It is possible to operate the burner according to the invention at low power, for example for the production of the heating water necessary for the central heating of a well insulated house, and punctually to operate at very large powers , in case of demand for domestic hot water, production called "instant".
  • this burner can be used, for example, in manufacturing lines for glass and its heat treatments or in surface combustion cooking used in food processing plants.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Description

L'invention se situe dans le domaine des brûleurs à gaz à combustion de surface.The invention is in the field of surface-burning gas burners.

Par le terme "brûleur à gaz", on désigne un brûleur alimenté en fait par un pré-mélange air/gaz. Dans la suite de la description et des revendications, le terme "gaz", utilisé à des fins de simplification, désigne en fait un pré-mélange air/gaz.By the term "gas burner" is meant a burner fed in fact by an air / gas premix. In the following description and claims, the term "gas", used for simplification purposes, means in fact an air / gas premix.

Un brûleur dit "à combustion de surface" désigne, par opposition à un brûleur à flamme torche, un brûleur dans lequel la combustion s'effectue sur une surface de combustion ou grille de combustion, au travers de laquelle le mélange air/gaz est amené sous pression.A so-called "surface burning" burner, as opposed to a torch burner, means a burner in which the combustion takes place on a combustion surface or combustion grate, through which the air / gas mixture is fed. under pressure.

Ce type de brûleur trouve une application particulière mais non limitative dans les chaudières à gaz. Le brûleur génère des gaz de combustion qui réchauffent l'échangeur de chaleur parcouru par le fluide à réchauffer.This type of burner finds a particular but non-limiting application in gas boilers. The burner generates combustion gases that heat the heat exchanger traversed by the fluid to be heated.

Dans ce type de brûleur à gaz, la performance d'accrochage de la flamme sur la surface de combustion conditionne la qualité de la combustion du combustible utilisé (ici le gaz), ainsi que la plage de variation de puissance de ce brûleur.In this type of gas burner, the performance of attachment of the flame on the combustion surface conditions the quality of the combustion of the fuel used (here the gas), as well as the range of power variation of this burner.

Par ailleurs, de la performance d'un brûleur à accrocher sa flamme, de la forme du brûleur, et du volume de l'enceinte (ou du foyer) dans lequel se produit la combustion, dépend la qualité de cette combustion, c'est-à-dire le rejet plus ou moins important de gaz polluants dans l'atmosphère.Moreover, the performance of a burner to hang its flame, the shape of the burner, and the volume of the enclosure (or hearth) in which the combustion occurs, depends the quality of this combustion, it is that is to say the more or less important rejection of polluting gases in the atmosphere.

Par "accrochage de flamme", on désigne la capacité de la base de la flamme à rester à proximité de la surface de combustion.By "flame catching" is meant the ability of the base of the flame to remain near the combustion surface.

On connaît déjà, d'après l'état de la technique, deux types de brûleur à combustion de surface très répandus.Already known from the state of the art, two types of burner surface combustion widespread.

Le premier type de brûleur comprend une surface de combustion (ou grille de combustion), constituée d'une tôle d'acier inoxydable perforée de divers trous plus ou moins petits ainsi que de fentes de dimensions variables. Un tel brûleur est par exemple de forme cylindrique. L'association particulière de zones de petits trous avec des zones de fentes dont les sections sont donc plus importantes, permet d'accrocher la flamme de façon correcte, mais uniquement pour une plage très faible de variation de puissance, c'est-à-dire de l'ordre de 1 à 3.The first type of burner comprises a combustion surface (or combustion grid), consisting of a perforated stainless steel sheet of various holes more or less small and slits of varying sizes. Such a burner is for example of cylindrical shape. The particular combination of zones of small holes with slit zones, the sections of which are therefore larger, makes it possible to hang the flame correctly, but only for a very small range of variation of power, that is to say say on the order of 1 to 3.

Ce type de brûleur présente les inconvénients mentionnés ci-après.This type of burner has the drawbacks mentioned below.

Lorsque ce brûleur est utilisé à basse puissance, c'est-à-dire avec un faible débit d'introduction du pré-mélange air/gaz, sa surface subit une très forte augmentation de température, (de plusieurs centaines de degrés), liée au contact de la flamme avec la tôle, ce qui provoque des rentrées de flamme à l'intérieur du brûleur, et peut même aboutir à la destruction de celui-ci.When this burner is used at low power, that is to say with a low rate of introduction of the premix air / gas, its surface undergoes a very large increase in temperature, (several hundred degrees), linked in contact with the flame with the sheet, which causes flamebacks inside the burner, and can even lead to the destruction thereof.

Inversement, lorsque ce brûleur est utilisé à forte puissance, il existe un risque de décollement de la flamme de la surface du brûleur, ce qui se produit lorsque la vitesse de sortie du gaz est nettement supérieure à la vitesse de propagation de la flamme, et ceci a pour effet de provoquer d'importants rejets de gaz polluants, notamment d'oxydes d'azote (NOx) et de monoxyde de carbone (CO).Conversely, when this burner is used at high power, there is a risk of detachment of the flame from the burner surface, which occurs when the exit velocity of the gas is significantly greater than the flame propagation speed, and this has the effect of causing large discharges of polluting gases, in particular nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO).

Au regard des inconvénients précités, la gamme des puissances utilisables pour un brûleur donné est donc assez réduite.In view of the aforementioned drawbacks, the range of usable powers for a given burner is therefore quite reduced.

Le second type de brûleur connu consiste en une tôle d'acier perforée, revêtue d'une couche de fibres en fil d'acier inoxydable, disposée sur la surface extérieure de la tôle perforée. Cette couche de fibres mesure de l'ordre de 1 mm à 2 mm d'épaisseur et joue un rôle d'accroche-flamme assez performant, ainsi qu'un rôle d'isolant thermique pour réduire la montée en température de la tôle perforée et ainsi réduire les risques de rentrée de flamme.The second known type of burner consists of a perforated steel sheet, coated with a layer of stainless steel wire fibers, disposed on the outer surface of the perforated sheet. This layer of fibers is of the order of 1 mm to 2 mm thick and plays a fairly effective role of flame-holder, and a role of thermal insulation to reduce the temperature rise of the perforated sheet and thus reduce the risk of re-entry.

Ce type de brûleur autorise une plage de variation de puissance plus importante que le premier type de brûleur, c'est-à-dire de l'ordre de 1 à 5, voire même de 1 à 10, selon la texture de la fibre d'acier utilisée. Toutefois, cette fibre d'acier est coûteuse, ce qui renchérit le coût total du brûleur. Le document FR 2026995 divulgue toutes les caractéristiques du préambule de la revendication 1. La présente invention a donc pour but de fournir un brûleur à gaz à combustion de surface, qui résolve les inconvénients précités de l'état de la technique et qui permette notamment d'atteindre simultanément plusieurs objectifs, à savoir :

  • un accrochage de flamme très performant mais légèrement décollé du brûleur, afin de réduire la température de sa surface de combustion,
  • la possibilité d'être utilisé sur une plage de variation de puissance importante,
  • une longévité accrue du brûleur par une réduction importante de sa température de fonctionnement, et ce, à tous les régimes de puissance utilisés,
  • un principe de combustion adaptable sur des brûleurs de formes très variées, et de petites comme de très grandes dimensions,
  • une diminution très importante des rejets de gaz polluants, et notamment du CO et des NOx, et
  • un prix de revient faible, nettement inférieur à celui d'un brûleur comportant un revêtement en fibres d'acier.
This type of burner allows a greater power variation range than the first type of burner, that is to say of the order of 1 to 5, or even 1 to 10, depending on the texture of the fiber. steel used. However, this steel fiber is expensive, which increases the total cost of the burner. The document FR 2026995 discloses all the features of the preamble of claim 1. The present invention therefore aims to provide a surface combustion gas burner, which overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks of the state of the art and which allows in particular to achieve several simultaneous objectives, namely:
  • a very powerful flame hooking but slightly detached from the burner, in order to reduce the temperature of its combustion surface,
  • the possibility of being used over a large power variation range,
  • increased life of the burner by significantly reducing its operating temperature at all power regimes used,
  • a principle of combustion adaptable on burners of very varied forms, and of small as of very large dimensions,
  • a very significant reduction in the discharge of polluting gases, in particular CO and NOx, and
  • a low cost, significantly lower than a burner with a steel fiber coating.

A cet effet, l'invention concerne un brûleur à gaz à combustion de surface selon la revendication 1. Conformément à l'invention, ladite tôle comprend une série de déflecteurs d'une pièce avec ladite tôle et faisant saillie sur sa face extérieure, chaque déflecteur s'étendant longitudinalement et latéralement au-dessus de la totalité de la surface d'une fente, chaque déflecteur comprend une partie de guidage du flux de gaz et une partie de jonction à la tôle, ladite partie de guidage étant espacée de la tôle de façon à ménager avec celle-ci au moins une lumière latérale d'éjection de gaz et lesdits déflecteurs sont disposés par paires, de façon que leurs lumières latérales d'éjection de gaz se fassent face.To this end, the invention relates to a surface combustion gas burner according to claim 1. According to the invention, said sheet comprises a series of baffles integral with said sheet and protruding on its outer face, each baffle extending longitudinally and laterally over the entire surface of a slot, each baffle includes a gas flow guiding portion and a joining portion to the sheet, said guide portion being spaced from the sheet so as to arrange therewith at least one gas ejection side lumen and said baffles are arranged in pairs, so that their side gas ejection ports are facing each other.

Grâce à ces caractéristiques de l'invention, le brûleur peut être utilisé à très haute puissance sans décollement de la flamme et inversement à très basse puissance, sans rentrée de flamme, ce qui garantit sa robustesse et sa longévité.Thanks to these features of the invention, the burner can be used at very high power without flame separation and conversely at very low power, without flashback, which ensures its robustness and longevity.

Selon d'autres caractéristiques avantageuses et non limitatives de l'invention, prises seules ou en combinaison :

  • chaque déflecteur est conformé de façon que la génératrice de la face intérieure de ladite partie de guidage du flux de gaz soit parallèle au plan de la fente au-dessus de laquelle ce déflecteur s'étend ;
  • ledit déflecteur est un pontet constitué d'une languette de tôle présentant une partie centrale et deux extrémités se rattachant aux deux extrémités de la fente au-dessus de laquelle elle s'étend, ladite partie centrale constituant la partie de guidage du flux de gaz et les deux extrémités constituant la partie de jonction à la tôle et deux lumières latérales d'éjection du gaz sont ménagées de part et d'autre dudit pontet ;
  • la largeur de chaque pontet est égale à la largeur de la fente au-dessus de laquelle il est disposé ;
  • le rapport entre la largeur du pontet et la hauteur de la lumière latérale d'éjection de gaz est au minimum égal à 0,5.
  • ledit déflecteur a la forme d'un auvent et comprend une partie longitudinale de préférence plane, de guidage du flux de gaz, reliée à la tôle par l'un de ses côtés longitudinaux.
  • ledit déflecteur à la forme d'une ouïe ;
  • ladite tôle est en outre percée d'une série d'orifices se prolongeant par des micro-tubes débouchants, qui font saillie sur sa face extérieure et dont l'axe central est normal à la tôle ;
  • le rapport entre la hauteur de la partie du micro-tube débouchant qui fait saillie depuis la face extérieure de la tôle et le diamètre intérieur de ce micro-tube est compris entre 0,2 et 2, de préférence est égal à 1 ;
  • les fentes et orifices sont regroupés de façon à former des motifs, chaque motif comprenant au moins un orifice prolongé par un micro-tube disposé entre deux fentes surmontées d'un déflecteur ;
  • chaque motif comprend deux orifices prolongés chacun d'un micro-tube, disposés entre deux fentes surmontées d'un déflecteur, ces deux fentes étant parallèles à l'axe d'alignement de ces deux orifices ;
  • ladite grille de combustion est de forme cylindrique ;
  • ladite grille de combustion est de forme circulaire plane, de forme circulaire bombée ou en forme de dièdre.
According to other advantageous and nonlimiting features of the invention, taken alone or in combination:
  • each deflector is shaped so that the generatrix of the inner face of said gas flow guiding portion is parallel to the plane of the slot above which the deflector extends;
  • said deflector is a bridge consisting of a sheet metal tongue having a central portion and two ends attached to both ends of the slot over which it extends, said central portion constituting the guiding portion of the gas flow and the two ends constituting the joining portion to the sheet and two lateral gas ejection ports are formed on either side of said bridge;
  • the width of each bridge is equal to the width of the slot above which it is arranged;
  • the ratio between the width of the bridge and the height of the lateral gas ejection light is at least equal to 0.5.
  • said baffle is in the form of an awning and comprises a preferably flat longitudinal portion for guiding the gas flow, connected to the sheet by one of its longitudinal sides.
  • said deflector in the form of a hearing;
  • said sheet is furthermore pierced with a series of orifices extending by means of micropitting tubes, which protrude on its outer face and whose central axis is normal to the sheet;
  • the ratio between the height of the portion of the micro-opening tube which projects from the outer face of the sheet and the inner diameter of this micro-tube is between 0.2 and 2, preferably is equal to 1;
  • the slots and orifices are grouped together so as to form patterns, each pattern comprising at least one orifice extended by a micro-tube disposed between two slots surmounted by a deflector;
  • each pattern comprises two orifices each extended by a micro-tube, arranged between two slots surmounted by a deflector, these two slots being parallel to the axis of alignment of these two orifices;
  • said combustion grate is cylindrical in shape;
  • said combustion grate is of flat circular shape, of convex circular shape or dihedral shape.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront de la description qui va maintenant en être faite, en référence aux dessins annexés, qui en représentent, à titre indicatif mais non limitatif, plusieurs modes de réalisation possibles.Other features and advantages of the invention will appear from the description which will now be made, with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show, by way of indication but not limitation, several possible embodiments.

Sur ces dessins :

  • la figure 1 est une vue de dessus d'une partie de la grille de combustion du brûleur conforme à l'invention,
  • les figures 2, 3 et 4 sont des vues en coupe de cette même grille de combustion, prises respectivement selon les plans de coupe II-II, III-III et IV-IV, de la figure 1, les figures 3 et 4 étant à une échelle agrandie,
  • la figure 5 est un schéma représentant le principe d'accrochage de la flamme à la surface de la grille du brûleur,
  • les figures 6, 7 sont des vues respectivement en perspective et en coupe selon le plan de coupe VII-VII de la figure 6, d'un deuxième mode de réalisation des orifices ménagés dans la grille de combustion selon l'invention, la figure 7 étant à une échelle agrandie,
  • la figure 8 est une vue en perspective d'un troisième mode de réalisation des orifices ménagés dans la grille de combustion selon l'invention,
  • les figures 9 à 11 représentent différentes variantes de réalisation de la grille de combustion, respectivement de forme cylindrique, de forme circulaire plane et en forme de dièdre à pointe arrondie, et
  • la figure 12 est un graphique représentant les émissions de monoxyde de carbone (CO) en fonction de la puissance de gaz P du brûleur, pour un brûleur de l'état de la technique et un conforme à l'invention.
On these drawings:
  • the figure 1 is a top view of a portion of the combustion grate of the burner according to the invention,
  • the Figures 2, 3 and 4 are cross-sectional views of this same combustion grate, taken respectively along the sectional planes II-II, III-III and IV-IV, of the figure 1 , the figures 3 and 4 being on an enlarged scale,
  • the figure 5 is a diagram showing the principle of attachment of the flame on the surface of the burner grate,
  • the figures 6 , 7 are views respectively in perspective and in section along the section plane VII-VII of the figure 6 , a second embodiment of the orifices formed in the combustion grate according to the invention, the figure 7 being on an enlarged scale,
  • the figure 8 is a perspective view of a third embodiment of the orifices formed in the combustion grate according to the invention,
  • the Figures 9 to 11 represent different embodiments of the combustion grid, respectively of cylindrical shape, of circular circular shape and in the form of dihedron with rounded tip, and
  • the figure 12 is a graph showing the carbon monoxide (CO) emissions as a function of the burner gas power P, for a burner of the state of the art and according to the invention.

Un premier mode de réalisation d'un brûleur à gaz conforme à l'invention va maintenant être décrit en faisant référence aux figures 1 à 4.A first embodiment of a gas burner according to the invention will now be described with reference to Figures 1 to 4 .

Ce brûleur comprend une grille de combustion. Il est raccordé à des moyens non représentés, par exemple un ventilateur, appropriés pour amener un mélange air/gaz, par exemple air/gaz naturel, sous pression, du côté intérieur du brûleur. Le mélange gazeux traverse les orifices de la grille et la combustion est initiée sur sa surface extérieure grâce à un système d'allumage connu de l'homme du métier.This burner comprises a combustion grate. It is connected to means not shown, for example a fan, suitable for bringing an air / gas mixture, for example air / natural gas, under pressure, to the inside of the burner. The gaseous mixture passes through the orifices of the gate and combustion is initiated on its outer surface by an ignition system known to those skilled in the art.

Cette grille de combustion est constituée d'une tôle 1 réalisée en métal, par exemple en acier inoxydable, ou en matériau réfractaire. Ces faces intérieure et extérieure sont référencées respectivement 11 et 12.This combustion grate consists of a metal sheet 1 made of metal, for example stainless steel, or refractory material. These inner and outer faces are respectively referenced 11 and 12.

Cette tôle 1 est percée d'une série de fentes 2, de forme générale rectangulaire, chaque fente 2 comprenant deux bords longitudinaux 23, 24.This sheet 1 is pierced with a series of slots 2 of generally rectangular shape, each slot 2 comprising two longitudinal edges 23, 24.

Chaque fente 2 est surmontée d'un pontet 3 ou "petit pont", qui est d'une pièce (c'est-à-dire venu de matière) avec ladite tôle 1 et qui fait saillie à la surface extérieure 12 de celle-ci.Each slot 2 is surmounted by a bridge 3 or "small bridge", which is of a piece (that is to say material) with said sheet 1 and protrudes from the outer surface 12 thereof. this.

Comme cela sera décrit plus en détail ultérieurement, le pontet 3, joue un rôle de déflecteur pour le gaz traversant la tôle 1.As will be described in more detail later, the bridge 3 acts as a deflector for the gas passing through the sheet 1.

Chaque pontet 3 est constitué d'une languette de tôle incurvée ou conformé de façon que sa concavité soit orientée vers la fente 2. Le pontet présente une partie centrale 30 et deux extrémités 31, 32 qui se rattachent respectivement aux deux extrémités 21 et 22 de la fente 2 au-dessus de laquelle ce pontet s'étend longitudinalement et latéralement. La partie centrale 30 constitue une partie de guidage du flux de gaz et les extrémités 31, 32, une partie de jonction à la tôle 1.Each bridge 3 consists of a metal tongue curved or shaped so that its concavity is oriented towards the slot 2. The bridge has a central portion 30 and two ends 31, 32 which are respectively connected to the two ends 21 and 22 of the slot 2 above which this bridge extends longitudinally and laterally. The central portion 30 constitutes a guide portion of the gas flow and the ends 31, 32, a joining portion to the sheet 1.

De préférence, les fentes 2 sont réalisées en utilisant des poinçons de découpe appropriés, non représentés sur les figures à des fins de simplification.Preferably, the slots 2 are made using appropriate cutting punches, not shown in the figures for simplification purposes.

De préférence, la largeur L1 du pontet 3 est égale à la largeur L2 de la fente 2 au-dessus de laquelle il est disposé, (voir figure 3).Preferably, the width L1 of the bridge 3 is equal to the width L2 of the slot 2 above which it is arranged, (see FIG. figure 3 ).

La course du poinçon de découpe définit la hauteur H2 d'un espace 4, ménagé entre le pontet 3, (plus précisément sa partie centrale 30) et la fente 2.The stroke of the cutting punch defines the height H2 of a space 4, formed between the bridge 3, (more precisely its central portion 30) and the slot 2.

L'écartement entre le pontet 3 et la face extérieure 12 de la tôle 1 située à proximité du pontet permet de définir deux lumières 40 et 40', dites "lumières latérales d'éjection de gaz", de part et d'autre de l'espace 4 (voir figure 3).The spacing between the bridge 3 and the outer face 12 of the sheet 1 located near the bridge defines two lights 40 and 40 ', called "side gas ejection ports", on either side of the space 4 (see figure 3 ).

Ces lumières latérales d'éjection de gaz 40 et 40' s'étendent respectivement dans des plans P1 et P2 qui sont parallèles entre eux et par ailleurs perpendiculaires au plan P3 de la fente 2. Dans la suite de la description et des revendications, ce plan P3 de la fente 2 est pris au niveau de la face extérieure 12 de la tôle 1.These lateral gas ejection ports 40 and 40 'respectively extend in planes P1 and P2 which are parallel to each other and moreover perpendicular to the plane P3 of the slot 2. In the rest of the description and the claims, this P3 plane of the slot 2 is taken at the outer face 12 of the sheet 1.

De façon avantageuse, et comme cela apparaît mieux sur la figure 1, les pontets 3 sont tous de même longueur et sont disposés parallèlement les uns aux autres et alignés selon un axe médian Y-Y' qui leur est perpendiculaire.Advantageously, and as it appears better on the figure 1 , the bridges 3 are all the same length and are arranged parallel to each other and aligned along a median axis YY ' which is perpendicular to them.

Les différents pontets 3 sont donc disposés sous forme de lignes 81 ou rangées, (horizontales sur la figure 1).The various bridges 3 are therefore arranged in the form of lines 81 or rows, (horizontal on the figure 1 ).

Les pontets 3 sont disposés par paires dont les lumières latérales 40, 40' se font face.The bridges 3 are arranged in pairs whose side lights 40, 40 'face each other.

De préférence également, les pontets 3 de lignes 81 différentes sont alignés selon un axe longitudinal X1-X'1 ou X2-X'2 perpendiculaire à Y-Y', de façon à définir une colonne de pontets 82, (verticale sur la figure 1).Also preferably, the bridges 3 of different lines 81 are aligned along a longitudinal axis X1-X'1 or X2-X'2 perpendicular to Y-Y ', so as to define a column of bridges 82, (vertical on the figure 1 ).

De façon avantageuse mais non obligatoire, les pontets 3 sont disposés selon un écartement constant E1 et E2 (E1 = E2).Advantageously but not mandatory, the bridges 3 are arranged at a constant spacing E1 and E2 (E1 = E2).

Selon une variante simplifiée de l'invention, la tôle 1 n'est munie que de fentes 2 et de pontets 3. Toutefois, de façon avantageuse, un autre type de perforations de géométrie particulière est également pratiqué sur l'ensemble de la tôle1.According to a simplified variant of the invention, the sheet 1 is provided only with slots 2 and with bridges 3. However, advantageously, another type of perforations of particular geometry is also practiced on the whole sheet 1.

Il s'agit d'orifices 5 se prolongeant par des micro-tubes débouchants 6 qui font saillie sur la face extérieure 12 de la tôle 1.These are orifices 5 extending by micro-emerging tubes 6 which project on the outer face 12 of the sheet 1.

De préférence, ces orifices 5 sont circulaires et les micro-tubes 6 sont cylindriques, de sorte qu'ils présentent un axe central ou axe de révolution Z-Z' perpendiculaire à la tôle 1 (voir notamment figures 3 et 4).Preferably, these orifices 5 are circular and the micro-tubes 6 are cylindrical, so that they have a central axis or axis of revolution Z-Z ' perpendicular to the sheet 1 (see in particular figures 3 and 4 ).

Les micro-tubes 6 débouchants constituent ainsi des micro-injecteurs de gaz. Ces micro-tubes 6 ont pour effet d'augmenter considérablement l'épaisseur de la tôle 1 à l'endroit où ils sont formés.The micro-6 open tubes thus constitute micro-injectors gas. These micro-tubes 6 have the effect of considerably increasing the thickness of the sheet 1 at the place where they are formed.

Les orifices 5 et les micro-tubes 6 sont obtenus par exemple par emboutissage, ce qui a pour effet d'étirer la matière de la tôle.The orifices 5 and the micro-tubes 6 are obtained for example by stamping, which has the effect of stretching the material of the sheet.

De ce fait, le diamètre extérieur D1 de la base de ces micro-tubes 6 au niveau de leur interface avec la face extérieure 12 de la tôle 1 est plus important que leur diamètre extérieur au sommet D2. L'épaisseur de la paroi du micro-tube est donc tronconique.As a result, the outer diameter D1 of the base of these micro-tubes 6 at their interface with the outer face 12 of the sheet 1 is greater than their outside diameter at the top D2. The thickness of the wall of the micro-tube is frustoconical.

Les fentes/pontets et les orifices/micro-tubes peuvent être disposés et regroupés sur la tôle 1, de façon à former différents motifs 7.The slots / bridges and the orifices / micro-tubes can be arranged and grouped on the sheet 1, so as to form different patterns 7.

Selon une variante de réalisation préférentielle de l'invention représentée sur la figure 1, les micro-tubes 6 sont groupés par paires et sont alignés deux à deux le long d'un axe X-X', tandis qu'une fente 2 et un pontet 3 sont disposés de part et d'autre de cette paire d'orifices 5/micro-tubes 6, de façon que leurs axes longitudinaux X1-X'1 ou X2-X'2 soient parallèles à l'axe X-X'. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention shown in the figure 1 , the micro-tubes 6 are grouped in pairs and are aligned in pairs along an axis X-X ', while a slot 2 and a bridge 3 are arranged on either side of this pair of orifices 5 / micro-tubes 6, so that their longitudinal axes X1-X'1 or X2-X'2 are parallel to the axis X-X '.

On pourrait également n'avoir qu'un seul micro-tube 6 ou plus de deux entre les deux pontets 3.One could also have only one micro-tube 6 or more than two between the two bridges 3.

De plus, ces motifs 7 peuvent être disposés et répétés sur la tôle 1, de façon que l'écartement E1 entre les axes longitudinaux X1-X'1 et X2-X'2 respectivement des pontets gauche 3a et droite 3b d'un premier motif 7, soit égal à l'écartement E2 entre l'axe longitudinal X2-X'2 du pontet droit 3b de ce motif 7 et l'axe longitudinal X1-X'1 du pontet gauche 3a d'un deuxième motif 7' voisin et situé à la droite du premier motif 7. En d'autres termes, l'écartement E3 entre deux axes X-X' d'alignement de micro-tubes 6 est le double de la valeur de l'écartement E1 entre deux pontets gauche 3a et droit 3b d'une même paire. Cette caractéristique n'est pas obligatoire.In addition, these patterns 7 may be arranged and repeated on the sheet 1, so that the spacing E1 between the longitudinal axes X1-X'1 and X2-X'2 of the left bridges 3a and 3b respectively of a first pattern 7, equal to the spacing E2 between the longitudinal axis X2-X'2 of the right bridge 3b of this pattern 7 and the longitudinal axis X1-X'1 of the left bridge 3a of a second pattern 7 'neighbor and to the right of the first pattern 7. In other words, the spacing E3 between two axes X-X ' of micro-tube alignment 6 is twice the value of the distance E1 between two left bridges 3a and 3b right of the same pair. This characteristic is not mandatory.

Dans l'exemple représenté sur la figure 1, on constate qu'il n'y a pas d'orifices 5 et de micro-tubes 6 entre le pontet droit 3b d'un premier motif 7 et le pontet gauche 3a du motif voisin 7'. En d'autres termes, le long d'un axe X3-X'3 parallèle à X2-X'2, il n'y a pas d'orifices de sortie de gaz. Une telle disposition permet ainsi d'augmenter le débit de gaz dans la partie du brûleur présentant les motifs 7 ou 7' et inversement de ménager des zones d'axes X3-X'3 où il y a peu de sortie de gaz.In the example shown on the figure 1 it can be seen that there are no orifices 5 and micro-tubes 6 between the right bridge 3b of a first pattern 7 and the left bridge 3a of the neighboring pattern 7 '. In other words, along an axis X3-X'3 parallel to X2-X'2, there are no gas outlets. Such an arrangement thus makes it possible to increase the flow of gas in the part of the burner having the patterns 7 or 7 'and conversely to provide zones of axes X 3 -X' 3 where there is little gas outlet.

Toutefois, comme on peut le voir sur la figure 10 qui représente un exemple de réalisation dans lequel le brûleur est de forme cylindrique, il est également possible de prévoir des paires d'orifices 5/micro-tubes 6 entre la totalité des pontets 3. On obtient ainsi une zone ou rangée 81' à fort coefficient de transparence, par opposition aux rangées 81 à faible coefficient de transparence où les orifices 5 et les micro-tubes 6 sont absents des lignes X3-X'3. Ces rangées avec des différences de coefficient de transparence peuvent être alternées de manières différentes. Le coefficient de transparence désigne le ratio entre l'aire totale des orifices et l'aire totale de la tôle 1.However, as can be seen on the figure 10 which represents an exemplary embodiment in which the burner is of cylindrical shape, it is also possible to provide pairs of orifices 5 / micro-tubes 6 between all the bridges 3. This gives a zone or row 81 'to strong coefficient of transparency, as opposed to rows 81 with a low coefficient of transparency where the orifices 5 and the micro-tubes 6 are absent from the lines X3-X'3. These rows with differences in transparency coefficient can be alternated in different ways. The coefficient of transparency designates the ratio between the total area of the orifices and the total area of the sheet 1.

D'autres variantes de réalisation sont également envisageables. Par exemple, la figure 11 représente le cas d'un brûleur de surface plane circulaire. Dans ce cas, les différentes rangées 81, voire 81' de motifs 7 sont alignées parallèlement les unes aux autres. Toutefois, il serait également possible de prévoir une disposition radiale, selon laquelle les différents axes X-X', X1-X'1, X2-X'2 et X3-X'3 seraient radiaux et concourants au centre du brûleur circulaire.Other alternative embodiments are also conceivable. For example, the figure 11 represents the case of a circular flat surface burner. In this case, the different rows 81, even 81 'of patterns 7 are aligned parallel to each other. However, it would also be possible to provide a radial arrangement, according to which the various axes X-X ', X1-X'1, X2-X'2 and X3-X'3 would be radial and concurrent at the center of the circular burner.

On notera que les proportions dimensionnelles des fentes, pontets, orifices et micro-injecteurs jouent un rôle dans le résultat recherché d'amélioration de la performance de la combustion.Note that the dimensional proportions of the slots, bridges, orifices and micro-injectors play a role in the desired result of improving the performance of the combustion.

Ainsi, de préférence le rapport L1/H2 est au minimum égal à 0,5. De préférence également, le rapport H3/D est compris entre 0,2 et 2, de préférence encore égal à 1.Thus, preferably the ratio L1 / H2 is at least equal to 0.5. Also preferably, the ratio H3 / D is between 0.2 and 2, more preferably equal to 1.

D'autres modes de réalisation des déflecteurs, autres que les pontets 3, vont maintenant être décrits en liaison avec les figures 6 à 8.Other embodiments of the deflectors, other than the bridges 3, will now be described in connection with the Figures 6 to 8 .

Selon un premier mode de réalisation représenté sur la figure 6, le déflecteur référencé 3' présente la forme générale d'un "auvent" et comprend une partie longitudinale 30' de préférence plane qui s'étend longitudinalement au-dessus de la totalité de la longueur de la fente 2 et qui permet de guider le flux de gaz. Elle est reliée, le long de l'un de ses côtés longitudinaux, à la tôle 1 avec laquelle elle est venu de matière, par une partie cintrée 33'.According to a first embodiment shown on the figure 6 , the deflector referenced 3 'has the general shape of an "awning" and comprises a longitudinally extending longitudinal portion 30' which extends longitudinally over the entire length of the slot 2 and which serves to guide the gas flow. It is connected, along one of its longitudinal sides, to the sheet 1 with which it came from material, by a curved portion 33 '.

Un espace 4' est ménagé entre la partie 30' et la fente 2 et il y a une seule lumière latérale d'éjection de gaz 41 entre la partie 30' et la tôle 1.A space 4 'is provided between the part 30' and the slot 2 and there is a single lateral gas ejection light 41 between the part 30 'and the sheet 1.

Ces deux déflecteurs 3' sont disposés l'un en face de l'autre, de façon que leurs lumières 41 respectives soient en regard l'une de l'autre. Lorsque les micro-tubes 6 sont présents, les deux déflecteurs 3' sont en outre avantageusement parallèles à l'axe X-X' d'alignement desdits micro-tubes.These two baffles 3 'are arranged opposite each other, so that their respective slots 41 are facing one another. When the micro-tubes 6 are present, the two deflectors 3 'are further advantageously parallel to the axis X-X' of alignment of said micro-tubes.

Selon une seconde variante de réalisation représentée sur la figure 9, le déflecteur présente la forme d'une "ouïe" 3", qui diffère simplement de l'auvent 3' par la forme en arc de cercle de sa partie de jonction 33" à la tôle 1.According to a second variant of embodiment represented on the figure 9 , the deflector has the form of a "hearing" 3 ", which differs simply from the awning 3 'by the arcuate shape of its joining portion 33" to the sheet 1.

Enfin, on notera que quels que soient la technique et/ou le mode de réalisation du ou des déflecteur(s) 3, 3', 3", ceux-ci recouvrent la totalité de la surface de la fente 2.Finally, it will be noted that whatever the technique and / or the embodiment of the deflector (s) 3, 3 ', 3 ", these cover the entire surface of the slot 2.

La vue de la figure 1 représente uniquement une portion de la tôle 1, en vue de dessus, donc à plat. Toutefois, le brûleur formé à partir de cette tôle peut présenter différentes formes géométriques.The view of the figure 1 represents only a portion of the sheet 1, seen from above, so flat. However, the burner formed from this sheet may have different geometric shapes.

Selon une variante de réalisation préférentielle représentée sur la figure 9, la grille de combustion du brûleur a une forme cylindrique ; sa face supérieure est obturée par un disque et sa paroi latérale présente les motifs de perforation 7, 7' précédemment décrits. On notera qu'il serait également possible de ne prévoir ces motifs que sur une portion d'arc-de-cercle de ce cylindre.According to a preferred embodiment represented on the figure 9 the combustion grate of the burner has a cylindrical shape; its upper face is closed by a disc and its side wall has the perforation patterns 7, 7 'described above. It will be noted that it would also be possible to provide these patterns only on a portion of arc-of-circle of this cylinder.

Avantageusement, les axes X1-X'1 et X2-X'2 des pontets (et donc des fentes 2) sont parallèles à l'axe de révolution du brûleur cylindrique.Advantageously, the axes X1-X'1 and X2-X'2 of the bridges (and therefore slots 2) are parallel to the axis of revolution of the cylindrical burner.

La figure 10 représente un brûleur dont la grille de combustion est circulaire et plane. Bien que cela ne soit pas représenté, cette grille peut également être légèrement bombée, de sorte que sa surface extérieure est convexe, sa concavité étant orientée vers l'arrivée du gaz (vers le bas de la figure 10).The figure 10 represents a burner whose combustion grate is circular and flat. Although this is not shown, this grid may also be slightly curved, so that its outer surface is convex, its concavity being oriented towards the arrival of the gas (towards the bottom of the figure 10 ).

Enfin, comme représenté comme sur la figure 11, la tôle 1 peut être cintrée longitudinalement en forme de dièdre, de façon à présenter une section droite sensiblement triangulaire à pointe supérieure arrondie.Finally, as represented as on the figure 11 , the sheet 1 may be bent longitudinally in the form of a dihedral, so as to have a substantially triangular cross section with rounded upper tip.

Le fonctionnement du brûleur conforme à l'invention est le suivant.The operation of the burner according to the invention is as follows.

Comme on peut le voir sur les figures 3 et 5, la sortie du gaz au travers d'un orifice 5 et du micro-tube 6 s'effectue selon une direction perpendiculaire au plan de la tôle et donc à sa face extérieure 12 (flèche F3).As can be seen on the figures 3 and 5 , the gas outlet through an orifice 5 and the micro-tube 6 is made in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the sheet and therefore to its outer face 12 (arrow F3).

Par ailleurs, le gaz qui sort de la fente 2 perpendiculairement au plan de la tôle 1 vient buter contre le déflecteur, plus précisément contre sa partie centrale 30 de guidage du flux de gaz, qui s'étend au-dessus de la totalité de la surface de cette fente, de sorte qu'il ne peut s'échapper perpendiculairement à la tôle 1.Furthermore, the gas leaving the slot 2 perpendicularly to the plane of the sheet 1 abuts against the deflector, more precisely against its central portion 30 for guiding the gas flow, which extends over the whole of the surface of this slot, so that it can not escape perpendicular to the sheet 1.

La sortie du gaz s'effectue de ce fait de part et d'autre des pontets 3, à travers les lumières latérales d'éjection de gaz 40 et 40'.The gas outlet is therefore effected on either side of the bridges 3, through the lateral gas ejection ports 40 and 40 '.

Au travers de la lumière 40 devant laquelle il n'y a pas de micro-tube 6, cette sortie de gaz s'effectue parallèlement à la face extérieure 12 de la tôle 1 (flèche F1), voire tangentiellement si la tôle 1 est incurvée, (cas d'un brûleur cylindrique). Cette sortie de gaz via la lumière latérale d'éjection de gaz 40 s'effectue donc perpendiculairement à l'axe des jets de gaz (flèche F3) issus des micro-tubes 6 voisins, voire quasiment perpendiculairement à cette direction F3 si la sortie de gaz est tangentielle.Through the light 40 in front of which there is no micro-tube 6, this gas outlet is parallel to the outer face 12 of the sheet 1 (arrow F1), or tangentially if the sheet 1 is curved. , (case of a cylindrical burner). This gas outlet via the gas ejection lateral light 40 is therefore carried out perpendicularly to the axis of the gas jets (arrow F3) coming from the neighboring micro-tubes 6, or almost perpendicularly to this direction F3 if the output of gas is tangential.

Par ailleurs, le gaz qui sort de la lumière 40', située devant un micro-tube 6, est également dirigé parallèlement à la face 12 ou tangentiellement à celle-ci, puis lorsqu'il vient frapper le micro-tube 6 est alors renvoyé vers l'extérieur (flèche F2), parallèlement aux jets flèches F3. En outre, et comme cela est visible sur la figure 1, le gaz qui sort de la lumière 40' entre les deux tubes 6 est également dirigé selon la direction des flèches F1.Furthermore, the gas leaving the light 40 ', located in front of a micro-tube 6, is also directed parallel to the face 12 or tangentially thereto, then when it hits the micro-tube 6 is then returned outwards (arrow F2), parallel to the arrow jets F3. In addition, and as is visible on the figure 1 the gas emerging from the light 40 'between the two tubes 6 is also directed in the direction of the arrows F1.

De préférence, et comme on peut le voir sur la figure 7, la génératrice G de la face intérieure 110 de la partie de guidage 30' du déflecteur s'étend parallèlement au plan P3 de la fente 2. Il en est de même pour les autres modes de réalisation du déflecteur.Preferably, and as can be seen on the figure 7 , the generatrix G of the inner face 110 of the guide portion 30 'of the deflector extends parallel to the plane P3 of the slot 2. It is the same for the other embodiments of the deflector.

Ainsi le gaz, qui tend à être dévié selon une direction parallèle à la surface du déflecteur qu'il rencontre, est guidé (flèche F1) parallèlement à la tôle 1 (ou tangentiellement à celle-ci, si elle est incurvée).Thus the gas, which tends to be deflected in a direction parallel to the surface of the deflector it meets, is guided (arrow F1) parallel to the sheet 1 (or tangentially thereto, if it is curved).

La génératrice G pourrait également être quasiment parallèle au plan P3 (faible variation angulaire possible), dès lors que la majeure partie du flux de gaz est guidée comme précité.The generatrix G could also be almost parallel to the plane P3 (small angular variation possible), since most of the gas flow is guided as mentioned above.

La zone de combustion en ligne selon l'axe X-X' reçoit non seulement le débit de gaz des paires de micro-tubes 6 mais également le débit de gaz issu des pontets 3 situés de part et d'autre. Cette zone de combustion représentée par la flamme 91 sur la figure 5 est dite "à débit principal".The in-line combustion zone along the X-X ' axis receives not only the gas flow of the pairs of micro-tubes 6 but also the flow rate. of gas from the bridges 3 located on either side. This combustion zone represented by the flame 91 on the figure 5 is called "main flow".

Elle permet de développer un fort débit par les micro-tubes 6 et les débits additionnels provenant des pontets 3 accentuent l'accrochage de la flamme au sommet des micro-tubes 6 avec une redoutable performance, même pour des plages de débit de gaz très importantes.It makes it possible to develop a high flow rate by the micro-tubes 6 and the additional flow rates from the bridges 3 accentuate the attachment of the flame at the top of the micro-tubes 6 with a formidable performance, even for very large gas flow ranges. .

De façon avantageuse, ces zones de combustion à débit principal 91 sont alternées avec des zones de combustion 92, dites "à débit secondaire", qui s'étendent le long des axes X3-X'3 et qui reçoivent simplement le débit de gaz des pontets 3 (flèches F1 sur les figures 1, 3 et 5).Advantageously, these main flow combustion zones 91 are alternated with combustion zones 92, called "secondary flow" zones, which extend along the axes X3-X'3 and which simply receive the gas flow rate of the bridges 3 (arrows F1 on the figures 1 , 3 and 5 ).

La rencontre face à face de ces deux débits de gaz parallèles ou tangentiels à la paroi de la tôle 1 et qui proviennent des lumières latérales 40 (voir flèches F1), provoque une combustion proche de la face extérieure 12 de la tôle 1, dans une zone exempte de perforations. La base 920 de cette flamme 92 est légèrement décollée de la face 12, car cette face est exempte du fort débit des micro-tubes 6. Par ailleurs, le gaz qui circule du côté de la face intérieure 11 de la grille de combustion 1 contribue à refroidir cette paroi qui ne rougit que faiblement.The face-to-face meeting of these two gas flows parallel or tangential to the wall of the sheet 1 and which come from the side lights 40 (see arrows F1), causes a combustion close to the outer face 12 of the sheet 1, in a zone free from perforations. The base 920 of this flame 92 is slightly detached from the face 12, because this face is free of the high flow rate of the micro-tubes 6. Furthermore, the gas flowing on the side of the inner face 11 of the combustion grate 1 contributes to cool this wall which only blushes weakly.

Cette distribution bidirectionnelle du gaz (flèches F1 et F3) à la surface de la tôle 1 de la grille de combustion permet de maîtriser parfaitement l'accrochage de la flamme et autorise ainsi une combustion selon une plage de variations de débit (et donc de puissance) extrêmement importante, (supérieure à 40), et ce, sans rentrée de flamme, ni décollement de celle-ci.This bidirectional distribution of the gas (arrows F1 and F3) on the surface of the sheet 1 of the combustion grid makes it possible to perfectly control the attachment of the flame and thus allows combustion according to a range of variations in flow rate (and thus in power ) extremely important, (greater than 40), and this, without flashback, nor detachment thereof.

Pour une surface de brûleur donnée, le coefficient de transparence joue un rôle important dans le comportement de la combustion qui est obtenue, en fonction du débit de gaz pour différentes plages de puissances souhaitées.For a given burner surface, the coefficient of transparency plays an important role in the combustion behavior that is obtained, as a function of the gas flow rate for different desired power ranges.

Avec les brûleurs de l'état de la technique, plus le coefficient de transparence est important, et plus la puissance maximale sera élevée. Toutefois, la puissance minimale sera également élevée si l'on souhaite éviter des rentrées de flamme. De ce fait, la plage de variation de puissance est réduite pour un brûleur donné.With the burners of the state of the art, the higher the coefficient of transparency, the higher the maximum power will be. However, the minimum power will also be high if you want to avoid flashbacks. As a result, the power variation range is reduced for a given burner.

Au contraire, avec la présente invention, il devient possible d'utiliser le brûleur sur une très large amplitude de variation de puissance.On the contrary, with the present invention, it becomes possible to use the burner over a very wide range of power variation.

Le fonctionnement décrit avec les pontets 3 est le même avec les auvents 3' ou les ouïes 3". Ainsi, en l'absence de micro-tubes 6 entre les auvents ou les ouïes, on crée uniquement des zones de combustion à débit secondaire et en présence de ceux-ci, on crée des zones de combustion à débit principal.The operation described with the bridges 3 is the same with the awnings 3 'or the gills 3''Thus, in the absence of micro-tubes 6 between the awnings or the gills, only secondary flow combustion zones are created and in the presence of these, main flow combustion zones are created.

A cette excellente performance d'accrochage de la flamme s'ajoute également un très faible taux de pollution avec une émission de monoxyde de carbone CO extrêmement faible.To this excellent performance of attachment of the flame is also added a very low pollution rate with an emission of carbon monoxide CO extremely low.

On se reportera à ce sujet à la courbe de la figure 12, qui représente la quantité d'émission de CO exprimée en ppm par rapport à la puissance du brûleur exprimée en kW, (essais comparatifs effectués à l'aide du gaz de décollement normatif G231, utilisé dans les laboratoires pour les tests de normalisation).We will refer here to the curve of the figure 12 , which represents the amount of CO emission expressed in ppm relative to the burner power expressed in kW, (comparative tests carried out using the normative separation gas G231, used in laboratories for standardization tests).

La courbe C1 a été obtenue avec un brûleur de l'art antérieur, dont la grille de combustion est une tôle perforée qui ne comprenait qu'une série de fentes et d'orifices mais sans pontets et sans micro-tubes. On constate que cette courbe d'émission de CO augmente progressivement lorsque l'on augmente la puissance au-delà de 5 kW et ce, de 5 à 30 kW, confirmant ainsi la dégradation de l'hygiène de la combustion par décollement de la flamme, (la valeur de CO en dessous de 5 kW ne peut pas être estimée car il y a rentrée de flamme).Curve C1 was obtained with a burner of the prior art, the combustion grate of which is a perforated sheet which included only a series of slots and orifices but without bridges and without micro-tubes. It can be seen that this CO emission curve increases progressively when the power is increased beyond 5 kW and this, from 5 to 30 kW, thus confirming the degradation of combustion hygiene by flame detachment. (the CO value below 5 kW can not be estimated because there is a return of flame).

Inversement, la courbe C2 représente les résultats obtenus avec le brûleur conforme à l'invention présentant des motifs alternés de doubles micro-tubes et de doubles pontets, avec les dimensions préférentielles données précédemment. On constate que l'émission de CO n'évolue que de 0 ppm à 6 ppm pour une plage de variation de puissance de 1 à 30 kW. D'autres tests effectués sur les NOx montrent que ceux-ci sont réduits de moitié avec le bruleur selon l'invention.Conversely, the curve C2 represents the results obtained with the burner according to the invention having alternating patterns of double micro-tubes and double bridges, with the preferred dimensions given above. It can be seen that the CO emission only varies from 0 ppm to 6 ppm for a power variation range of 1 to 30 kW. Other tests performed on NOx show that they are halved with the burner according to the invention.

Ces résultats montrent nettement l'excellente performance d'accrochage de la flamme et d'hygiène de la combustion qui en résulte.These results clearly show the excellent performance of attachment of the flame and hygiene of combustion resulting therefrom.

Une application particulière de ce type de brûleur concerne les échangeurs de chaleur, et notamment ceux des chaudières domestiques et industrielles. Il est possible de faire fonctionner le brûleur conforme à l'invention à basse puissance, par exemple pour la production de l'eau de chauffage nécessaire au chauffage central d'une maison bien isolée, et ponctuellement de le faire fonctionner à des puissances très importantes, en cas de demande d'eau chaude sanitaire, à production dite "instantanée".A particular application of this type of burner relates to heat exchangers, and in particular those of domestic and industrial boilers. It is possible to operate the burner according to the invention at low power, for example for the production of the heating water necessary for the central heating of a well insulated house, and punctually to operate at very large powers , in case of demand for domestic hot water, production called "instant".

D'autres applications diverses et variées de ce brûleur sont envisageables. A titre purement illustratif, on peut l'utiliser, par exemple, dans les lignes de fabrication du verre et de ses traitements thermiques ou bien dans la cuisson par combustion de surface utilisée dans des usines d'agroalimentaire.Other diverse and varied applications of this burner are conceivable. For illustrative purposes only, it can be used, for example, in manufacturing lines for glass and its heat treatments or in surface combustion cooking used in food processing plants.

Claims (12)

  1. A surface combustion gas burner including a sheet (1) made of metal or refractory material, to the surface thereof the combustion occurs, this sheet (1) being perforated with a series of slits (2) and including a series of deflectors (3, 3a, 3b, 3', 3") protruding from the outer face (12) of said sheet, each deflector (3, 3a, 3b, 3', 3") including a gas flow guiding part (30, 30') and a part (31, 32, 33', 33") connecting it to the sheet (1), said guiding part (30, 30') being spaced away from the sheet (1) so as to form with it at least one lateral gas ejection opening (40, 40', 41), and in that said deflectors (3, 3a, 3b, 3', 3") are arranged in pairs, so that their lateral gas ejection openings (40, 40', 41) face one another, and each deflector (3, 3a, 3b, 3', 3") extending longitudinally and laterally above the totality of the surface of a slit (2), characterized in that said deflectors (3, 3a, 3b, 3' 3") are formed integrally with said sheet and in that said sheet (1) is further perforated with a series of ports (5) extending into discharging micro-tubes (6), which protrude from its outer face (12) and the central axis whereof (Z-Z') is perpendicular to the sheet.
  2. The gas burner according to Claim 1, characterized in that each deflector (3, 3a, 3b, 3', 3") is shaped so that the generatrix (G) of the inner face (110) of said gas flow guiding part (30, 30') is parallel to the plane (P3) of the slit (2) above which this deflector extends.
  3. The gas burner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said deflector is a bridge (3, 3a, 3b) consisting of a strip of sheet metal having a central part (30) and two ends (31, 32) attached to the two ends (21, 22) of the slit (2) above which it extends, said central part (30) constituting the gas flow guiding part and the two ends (31, 32) constituting the part connecting to the sheet (1), and in that two lateral gas ejection openings (40, 40') are formed on either side of said bridge (3, 3a, 3b).
  4. The gas burner according to Claim 3, characterized in that the width (L1) of each bridge (3, 3a, 3b) is equal to the width (L2) of the slit (2) above which it is positioned.
  5. The gas burner according to Claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the ratio (L1/H2) of the width (L1) of the bridge (3, 3a, 3b) to the height (H2) of the lateral gas ejection opening (40, 40') is at least equal to 0.5.
  6. The burner according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said deflector (3') has the shape of a hood and includes a longitudinal part (30'), preferably flat, for guiding the gas flow, connected to the sheet (1) by one of its longitudinal sides.
  7. The burner according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said deflector (3") has the shape of a gill.
  8. The gas burner according to Claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the height (H3) of the portion of the discharging micro-tube (6) protruding from the outer face of the sheet (1) and the inner diameter (D) of this micro-tube is comprised between 0.2 and 2, and preferably is equal to 1.
  9. The gas burner according to Claim 1 or 8, characterized in that it includes patterns (7, 7') grouping the slits (2) and ports (5), each pattern (7, 7') including at least one port (5) extending into a micro-tube (6) positioned between two slits (2) capped by a deflector (3, 3a, 3b, 3', 3").
  10. The gas burner according to Claim 9, characterized in that each pattern (7, 7') includes two ports (5) each extending into a micro-tube (6), positioned between two slits (2) capped by a deflector (3, 3a, 3b, 3', 3"), these two slits being parallel to the axis of alignment (X-X') of these two ports (5).
  11. The gas burner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said combustion grid (1) has a cylindrical shape.
  12. The gas burner according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that said combustion grid (1) is of flat circular shape, of domed circular shape or of a dihedral shape.
EP13732983.5A 2012-07-05 2013-07-03 Surface-combustion gas burner Active EP2870410B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR1256467A FR2993040B1 (en) 2012-07-05 2012-07-05 GAS BURNER WITH SURFACE COMBUSTION
PCT/EP2013/064058 WO2014006103A1 (en) 2012-07-05 2013-07-03 Surface-combustion gas burner

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JP (1) JP6193984B2 (en)
KR (1) KR102019409B1 (en)
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KR102019409B1 (en) 2019-09-06
CN104541103A (en) 2015-04-22
US20150167967A1 (en) 2015-06-18
FR2993040A1 (en) 2014-01-10
US9885476B2 (en) 2018-02-06
CA2877803C (en) 2021-03-16
EP2870410A1 (en) 2015-05-13
CA2877803A1 (en) 2014-01-09
WO2014006103A1 (en) 2014-01-09
JP6193984B2 (en) 2017-09-06
KR20150037945A (en) 2015-04-08
RU2613105C2 (en) 2017-03-15
RU2015102065A (en) 2016-08-27
JP2015525864A (en) 2015-09-07
FR2993040B1 (en) 2016-07-15
CN104541103B (en) 2017-06-23

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