EP2869670B1 - Light or light assembly - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a light or light arrangement with a plurality of light modules or light segments, the light modules being thermally coupled to one another and each having a temperature sensor, and the light being designed to determine the position of each light module within the light and each light module as a function assign an address to the position.

Such lamps can be elongated, for example, the lighting modules then being arranged linearly or one behind the other. The light modules are controllable modules, for example LED modules, which can be controlled or set individually or independently of one another, the light modules mostly being connected to a parallel bus. For this purpose, it is necessary that each lighting module can be addressed or contacted individually, for example by a central control device which is also connected to the bus, and accordingly each lighting module must have an address. In order to enable the entire luminaire to emit light sensibly, it is also necessary that the position of the individual light modules in relation to their address is known.

The address assignment to the light modules can be carried out, for example, before the light modules are installed or even during the production of the light modules. With this procedure, however, the problem arises that each light module has to be attached exactly to the position within the light which was previously determined by the address, since otherwise the corresponding address of the light module is assigned to an incorrect position in the light.

Another possibility to address the light modules in the light accordingly is that after the installation of all light modules in the light, each light module is manually assigned an address. In this way, for an elongated lamp a lighting module on the edge of the lamp, the address 001 are assigned and then the other lighting modules of the lamp are provided in sequence with ascending addresses 002, 003, etc., whereby a central control device automatically knows the position of the corresponding lighting module based on the address is. With manual addressing, however, the problem arises that this procedure is associated with considerable effort during or after the installation and, on the other hand, that manual addressing can also result in operating errors which in turn lead to incorrect control of the Lead light modules.

Alternatively, however, it could also be provided that the lighting modules are serially wired within the luminaire and thus corresponding addressing or position detection is automatically obtained. However, there is then the problem that additional bridging measures, for example a relay for bridging a defective board, are required in the event of a fault.

Other possibilities of position detection or position determination of light modules for addressing within a corresponding arrangement can also be the WO 2012/093110 A1 and the EP 2 315 503 A2 be removed.

The present invention is based on the object of developing a luminaire with an alternative addressing of the light modules, in which a simple and error-free addressing of the light modules is possible and no corresponding bridging measures are required even in the event of a fault.

The object is achieved by a lamp or lighting arrangement according to claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

In the previously described lighting modules or lighting segments, which can be designed as LED modules, for example, it is often provided that these modules have a temperature sensor that serves to detect an overtemperature condition within the lighting module and, if necessary, to switch off the lighting module in order to Avoid damage. In the present invention, this temperature sensor is now also used to determine the position of the light modules within the light.

According to the invention, therefore, a lamp or lighting arrangement is provided with a plurality of lighting modules or lighting segments, the plurality of lighting modules being thermally coupled to one another and each having a temperature sensor for temperature determination, and the lamp being designed to adjust the position of each of the plurality of lighting modules within the lamp determine and assign an address to each light module depending on the position. The luminaire is designed to determine the position of the respective light module, starting from a switched-off state of all light modules, to switch on at least one of the several light modules, to determine the respective temperature in each of the several light modules and an associated temperature value with the aid of the respective temperature sensor and on the basis of the determined temperature values to determine the position of the connected light module within the light.

In the luminaire according to the invention, the temperature values determined by the temperature sensors are therefore used not only to avoid damage in the event of an excess temperature, but also additionally to determine the position of each light module within the light fixture, the precise position determination then making it possible for each light module an appropriate address will be assigned.

It can advantageously be provided that the lamp has a central control device for determining the position of the respective light module and for address assignment, or that one of the several light modules or more of the several light modules is / are designed to determine the respective position of the several light modules and each Assign an address to each light module.

In order to determine the respective position of the light modules, the light fixture preferably determines that for all of the multiple light fixture modules Temperature values of the respectively measured temperature and determines the position of each of the several light modules on the basis of the temperature profile determined therefrom or the differently high temperature values. It can be provided that the light switches off all light modules before determining the respective position of the several light modules.

Advantageously, the luminaire only determines the respective position of the light modules when the respective temperature values of the light modules measured by the temperature sensors are below a threshold value.

To determine the position, it can also be provided that the light turns on an edge light module of the plurality of light modules arranged at the edge of the light, the light being known by determining which of the several light modules is the edge light module. This determination can be made by a device, for example a jumper, at least one of the lighting modules having such a device. As an alternative to this, it can also be provided that one of the several lighting modules has poorer thermal properties than the others and is arranged on the edge of the lamp or in the vicinity of other heat sources, such as electronic ballasts. It can then be provided that the luminaire turns on all the luminescent modules simultaneously before determining the position of the luminescent modules and before switching off all the luminescent modules and defines the luminescent module with the highest measured temperature value as the luminescent module arranged at the edge of the luminaire.

As soon as a light module arranged on the edge of the light is known and is switched on, it is further advantageously provided that the light determines the position of the plurality of light modules based on the falling temperature values, starting with the light module with the highest measured temperature value being the switched light module , the light module with the second highest measured temperature value which is arranged directly next to the switched on light module, is the first switched off light module, the light module with the third highest measured temperature value which is arranged directly next to the first switched off light module, the second switched off The lighting module is and correspondingly continuous for the other of the multiple lighting modules.

It can then also be provided that each of the plurality of light modules is switched on one after the other, starting with the light module with the second highest measured temperature value, and each time one of the several light modules is switched on, the respective temperature values of the several light modules are determined again. The position of the light modules is preferably as described above, and the temperature values of the light modules that were switched on before the light module that was last switched on are ignored. In addition, there is also the possibility that the light module is switched off before the light module that was last switched on.

Furthermore, it can also be provided that the temperature sensors are asymmetrical, i.e. are not arranged in the center, within the light modules.

In the case of an asymmetrical arrangement of the temperature sensors, there is then also the possibility of determining the position of the light modules within the light if no light module arranged at the edge of the light is known and cannot be determined either. It is then advantageously provided that the luminaire randomly selects the at least one switched-on lighting module of the plurality of lighting modules to determine the respective position of the plurality of lighting modules.

The luminaire then advantageously determines the relative position of the other lighting modules relative to the randomly selected and switched on lighting module based on the falling temperature values, starting with the lighting module with the highest measured temperature value being the connected lighting module, the lighting module with the second highest measured temperature value being the one on the left or is arranged to the right of the switched-on light module, is the first switched-off light module, the light module with the third highest measured temperature value which is arranged directly to the right or left of the switched-on light module, the second switched-off light module and correspondingly continuously for the other of the several light modules, whereby in Dependence of Asymmetrical arrangement of the temperature sensors, the first switched off light module on the left and the second switched off light module on the right or the first switched off light module on the right and the second switched off light module to the left of the switched on light module.

To determine the respective position of the plurality of light modules, it can further be provided that the light switches off the randomly selected switched light module and switches the other light modules on and off one after the other and in each case the relative position of the respective switched light module relative to the switched light module on the basis of the falling one Temperature values determined. The luminaire can then determine the absolute positions of the lighting modules within the luminaire based on all relative positions.

Advantageously, it can also be provided that previously created temperature profiles or thermal models are stored in the luminaire and that the luminaire compares the stored temperature profiles with the determined temperature profile in order to determine the respective position of the plurality of lighting modules.

Furthermore, it can also be provided that the lamp for determining the respective position of the plurality of lighting modules briefly switches on the lighting modules to generate a thermal pulse and takes the temporal temperature profile into account when determining the position.

The lamp can be elongated, the plurality of lighting modules then being arranged linearly or one behind the other in the lamp. Likewise, the plurality of light modules could also be arranged in a matrix-like manner in the luminaire.

Figur 1

schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Leuchte mit mehreren Leuchtmodulen;

Figur 2

Leuchtmodul mit einem mittig angeordneten Temperatursensor;

Figur 3

Leuchtmodul mit einem asymmetrisch angeordneten Temperatursensor.

The invention will be explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Show it:

Figure 1

schematic representation of a lamp according to the invention with a plurality of light modules;

Figure 2

Light module with a centrally located temperature sensor;

Figure 3

Light module with an asymmetrically arranged temperature sensor.

In Figure 1 a lamp or lighting arrangement 1 according to the invention is schematically shown, which has a plurality of lighting modules or lighting segments 2. The luminaire 1 is elongated, the light modules 2 being arranged linearly or one behind the other, so that there is an arrangement in series. Specifically, four light modules 2 are provided in the luminaire 1, which are labeled with the letter AD for later explanation of the position determination and address assignment.

Furthermore, it is also provided that each light module 2 is connected to a central control device 5 via a bus 4. This central control device 5 is intended, on the one hand, to control the individual lighting modules 2 individually and independently of one another. In addition, the central control device 5 also determines the position of each light module 2 within the light 1 and assigns an appropriate address based on the position.

As well as from there Figure 1 shows, each light module 2 has a temperature sensor 3. Up to now, this temperature sensor 3 was only used to measure and detect an excess temperature and, if necessary, to switch off the corresponding light module 2 in order to avoid damage, which is important, for example, if the light modules 2 are designed as LED modules.

According to the invention, it is now provided that, in order to determine the position of the light modules 2, the temperature in the light modules 2 is determined with the aid of the temperature sensors 3 and is transmitted to the central control device 5 via the bus 4. The central control device 5 can then determine the position of the light modules 2 within the light 1 on the basis of the transmitted temperature values of the individual light modules 2.

For this purpose, however, it is then also additionally necessary for the lighting modules 2 to be thermally coupled to one another, which is, however, mostly provided for such lights 1.

The thermal coupling then ensures that the heat of a connected light module 2 is transferred to the adjacent light modules 2, it being important to note that the temperature or heat is not distributed evenly to all light modules, but is dependent on how far a light module 2 is in each case removed from the heat-generating switched light module 2. This then results in a temperature profile or different temperature values for the individual lighting modules 2, whereby the position of the respective lighting module 2 in relation to the heat-generating lighting module 2 can be determined.

In a first embodiment of the invention, it can then be provided that a lighting module 2 arranged on the edge of the lamp 1 is known or has already been defined before the position of the lighting modules is determined. In Figure 1 could be, for example, the light modules A or D. Manual setting can be done, for example, by means of a jumper, which has at least one of the light modules 2 arranged at the edge. When the luminaire 1 or the luminaire modules 2 are installed, the jumper is then set accordingly in either the luminaire module A or the luminaire module D in order to signal or fix the edge position of the luminaire module A or D.

An alternative possibility to determine the edge position of a light module 2 is that one of the modules 2 has poorer thermal properties than the other light modules 2 and is then arranged on the edge of the light 1 or that the light modules 2 are positioned automatically on the edge of the light 1 result in poorer thermal properties for these, in which case it would also have to be provided that, for example, the lighting module A has even worse properties than the lighting module D due to the position in the lamp 1. This could be achieved, for example, by an appropriate construction within the luminaire 1.

In order then to be able to fix the lighting module 2, which is arranged at the edge of the lamp 1, all the lighting modules 2 are switched on at the same time and then the lighting module 2 with the highest measured temperature value is defined as the lighting module A or D arranged at the edge of the lamp. It may be It makes sense that after the simultaneous switching on of all the lighting modules 2, a certain time is allowed to warm up the lighting modules 2, since in the event that, for example, some lighting modules 2 were switched on and others were switched off, the lighting module 2 only switched on after a certain heating-up time worst thermal properties also has the highest measured temperature value.

After a light module 2 has been defined as light module A or D arranged at the edge, by a jumper or poorer thermal properties, it is provided that all light modules 2 are switched off. To ensure that no temperature values are measured, which leads to incorrect positioning lead, after switching off the light modules 2 it can also be provided that the light modules 2 remain switched off for a certain time in order to ensure that the temperature of all light modules 2 is below a certain threshold value or within a certain range and thus more or less a static off state of the light modules 2 is reached.

Following this, it is provided that the lighting module 2 arranged on the edge is switched on. In Figure 1 this is either light module A or light module D, light module A being used as an example below. After the light module A has been switched on, you can wait a little longer until a certain heating is reached.

A temperature value is then determined in each light module 2 with the aid of the temperature sensors 3. This results in a different temperature value for each light module 2, whereby in the case of the in Figure 1 Luminaire 1 shown, the light module A has the highest temperature value, the light module B the second highest temperature value, the light module C the third highest temperature value and the light module D the fourth highest temperature value, since - as already explained above - the height of the temperature value depends on the distance from the light module A connected and the lighting module B is arranged closest to the lighting module A, then the lighting module C then follows in the row and finally the lighting module D is placed. Of course, the connected light module A itself has the highest measured temperature value.

By knowing that the lighting module A is arranged at the edge of the lamp 1 and by the falling temperature values depending on the distance from the lighting module A, the position of the other lighting modules B, C and D can then be determined. With the aid of this position information, it is possible for the central control device 5 to assign corresponding addresses to the lighting modules 2, wherein in Figure 1 it is provided that the light module A receives the address 001, the light module B the address 002, the light module C the address 003 and the light module D the address 004, which already results in the position of the light modules 2 within the light 1 from the address.

In addition, it can also be provided that each light module 2 is switched on in succession, the temperature values of the light modules 2 being determined again each time a light module 2 is switched on. This results in further temperature values for each new measurement, which give an even more precise picture of the positions of the individual light modules 2. With the lamp 1 in Figure 1 it would be provided, for example, that after switching on the light module A and a first temperature measurement for all light modules 2, the light module B is then switched on and again the temperature values are measured for all light modules 2, etc. The positions of the light modules then result in a comparable manner As already described above, the temperature values of the light modules 2 that were switched on before the light module 2 last connected are not taken into account.

In addition, it can then also be provided that the lighting module 2 is switched off before the lighting module 2 last switched on. With the lamp 1 in Figure 1 the light module A would then be switched off after the light module B had been switched on, the further temperature measurement only being carried out after the light module A had been switched off.

In the Figures 2 and 3 A light module 2 and 12 is shown in each case, wherein in the light module 2 in Figure 2 the temperature sensor 3 is arranged in the center of the lighting module, as also in FIG Figure 1 is shown. In contrast, in the light module 12 in Figure 3 the temperature sensor 3 is arranged asymmetrically, ie the temperature sensor 3 is placed outside the center.

This in Figure 3 The light module 12 shown could also be in the light 1 in Figure 1 Find application, wherein the asymmetrical arrangement of the temperature sensor 3 is particularly advantageous in a second embodiment of the invention, in which no lighting module 12 arranged at the edge is known or could not be determined, since the asymmetrical arrangement means that different temperature values for the left or right one are switched on Light module 12 arranged light modules 12 result.

With regard to the lamp 1 in Figure 1 would correspond to the asymmetrical arrangement of the temperature sensors 3 Figure 3 If the light module B is switched on, this results in different temperature values for the switched off light modules A and C, in detail light module C would have a higher temperature value than light module A, since the temperature sensor 3 of the light module C would be arranged closer to the light module B than the temperature sensor 3 of the light module A and would thus get more heat transferred from the light module B. This asymmetrical arrangement of the temperature sensors 3 makes it possible to differentiate whether a respective light module 12 is arranged on the left or right of a light module 12 that is switched on.

In this embodiment too, it would in turn be provided that at the beginning of the determination of the position of the light modules 12, all light modules are switched off and the system waits until all the temperature values have dropped below a certain threshold value in order to achieve a more or less static off state. Then a randomly selected lighting module 12 is then switched on, in which case a certain time can be waited until the randomly switched on lighting module 12 has heated up. The relative position of the other lighting modules 12 relative to the connected lighting module 12 can then be determined on the basis of the falling temperature values.

Regarding the lamp 1 in Figure 1 it would be conceivable, for example, that the randomly selected lighting module 12 is the lighting module B and the lighting module B is accordingly switched on. The lighting module B then has the highest measured temperature value. As already explained above, due to the asymmetrical arrangement of the temperature sensors 3, the light module C then has the second highest measured temperature value, the light module A the third highest measured temperature value and the light module D the fourth highest measured temperature value, since the temperature sensor 3 of the light module D despite the asymmetrical arrangement is even further away from the light module B than the temperature sensor A of the light module A. This then gives the relative position of the different light modules A, C and D to the light module B.

After the relative position of the other light modules 12 relative to the connected light module 12 has been determined, the connected light module 12 is switched off and the other light modules 12 are switched on and off one after the other and the relative position of the switched light modules 12 relative to the connected light module 12 is determined based on the falling Temperature values determined.

In the lamp 1 in Figure 1 it would then be provided, for example, that the lighting module B is switched off and another lighting module, for example lighting module D, is selected. This light module D is in turn switched on and the relative positions of the light modules A, B and C to the light module D are determined, the light module C having the second highest temperature value, the light module B the third highest temperature value and the light module A the fourth highest temperature value. Subsequently, the light module D would then be switched off and the light modules C and A or A and C would be switched on and off in succession.

Overall, the combination of all relative positions and appropriate sorting can then be used to determine the absolute position of each light module 12.

In both embodiments, it can also be provided that instead of permanently switching on a light module, the light module is only switched on briefly in order to generate a thermal pulse and to take the temperature profile over time into account when determining the position.

In addition, it is also possible for reference measurements to be carried out, for example, in the manufacture of the lights or light modules, in order to describe the thermal propagation in the context of a thermal model or a temperature profile. These thermal models or temperature profiles can be stored in the luminaire and taken into account accordingly in the later measurements to determine the position, and a pausibility check can also be carried out as to whether the then measured temperature values are realistic or not. As part of these reference measurements it can also be determined whether or below which threshold the temperatures should fall before a corresponding determination of the position can be carried out.

In addition, it should also be noted that it is not absolutely necessary that, as in Figure 1 A central control device 5 shows the determination of the position and the address assignment. It would also be conceivable, for example, that one or more light modules are designed to determine the position of the light modules and to assign an address to each light module.

In the Figure 1 The lamp 1 shown is shown schematically as an elongated lamp. However, the lamp according to the invention is not limited to an elongated lamp. A matrix-like arrangement of the light modules would also be conceivable, for example.

Claims (15)

1. A lamp or lighting assembly (1) having a plurality of lighting modules or lighting segments (2, 12), wherein the plurality of lighting modules (2, 12) are coupled thermally with each other and in each case have a temperature sensor (3) for determining the temperature and wherein the lamp (1) is designed to determine the position of each of the plurality of lighting modules (2, 12) within the lamp (1) and to assign an address to each lighting module (2, 12) in dependence on the position,
   characterized in
   that the lamp is designed to switch on at least one of the plurality of lighting modules (2, 12) in order to determine the position of the respective lighting module (2, 12) based on a switched-off state of all lighting modules (2, 12), with the aid of the respective temperature sensor (3) to measure the respective temperature in each of the plurality of lighting modules (2, 12) and to determine in each case an associated temperature value and on the basis of the determined temperature values to determine the position of the switched-on lighting module (2, 12) within the lamp (1).
2. The lamp according to Claim 1,
   characterized in
   that the lamp (1) has a central control device (5) for determining the position of the respective lighting module (2, 12) and for address assignment,
   or
   that one of the plurality of lighting modules (2, 12) or several of the plurality of lighting modules (2, 12) is/are designed to determine the respective position of the plurality of lighting modules (2, 12) and in each case to assign an address to each lighting module (2, 12).
3. The lamp according to Claim 1 or 2,
   characterized in
   that the lamp (1) is designed to determine in each case the temperature values of the temperature measured in order to determine the respective position of the lighting modules (2, 12) for all of the plurality of lighting modules (2, 12) of the lamp (1) and to determine the position of each of the plurality of lighting modules (2, 12) by means of the temperature profile determined therefrom or by means of the different high temperature values.
4. The lamp according to Claim 3,
   characterized in
   that the lamp (1) is designed to switch off all lighting modules (2, 12) before determining the respective position of the plurality of lighting modules (2, 12),
   wherein preferably the lamp (1) is designed to make the determination of the respective position of the lighting modules (2, 12) only when the respective temperature values of the lighting modules (2, 12) measured by the temperature sensors are below a threshold value.
5. The lamp according to Claim 4,
   characterized in
   that the temperature sensors (3) are not arranged centrally and thus are arranged asymmetrically within the lighting modules (12).
6. The lamp according to Claim 4 or 5,
   characterized in
   that the lamp (1) is designed to switch on, in order to determine the position of an edge lighting module (2) of the plurality of lighting modules (2) arranged on the edge of the lamp (1), wherein it is known to the lamp by determining which of the plurality of lighting modules (2) is the edge lighting module (2),
   wherein the lamp (1) is designed to determine the position of the plurality of lighting modules (2) by means of the decreasing temperature values, beginning with the fact that the lighting module (2) with the highest measured temperature value is the switched-on lighting module (2), the lighting module (2) with the second highest measured temperature value, that is arranged directly next to the switched-on lighting module (2), is the first switched-off lighting module (2), the lighting module (2) with the third-highest measured temperature value, that is arranged directly next to the first switched-off lighting module (2), is the second switched-off lighting module (2), and accordingly continuously for the other of the plurality of light modules.
7. The lamp according to Claim 6,
   characterized in
   that the lamp (1) is designed to switch on each of the plurality of lighting modules (2) successively in order to determine the position of the plurality of lighting modules (2), beginning with the lighting module (2) with the second-highest measured temperature value, and after each switching on of one of the plurality of lighting modules (2) to determine again the respective temperature values of the plurality of lighting modules (2),
   wherein preferably the position of the lighting modules (2) according to Claim 6 results and the temperature values of the lighting modules (2), which have been switched on before the lighting module (2) last switched-on, are ignored.
8. The lamp according to Claim 7,
   characterized in
   that the lamp (1) is designed to switch off in each case the lighting module (2) before the lighting module (2) last switched-off in order to determine the position of the lighting modules (2).
9. The lamp according to any one of Claims 6-8,
   characterized in
   that at least one of the lighting modules (2) has a device, for example, a jumper, by which it can be determined, whether the lighting module (2) is arranged on the edge of the lamp (1).
10. The lamp according to any one of Claims 6-8,
    characterized in
    that one of the plurality of lighting modules (2) has worse thermal properties than the others and is arranged on the edge of the lamp (1),
    wherein preferably the lamp (1) is designed to simultaneously switch on all lighting modules (2) before determining the position of the lighting modules (2) and before switching off all lighting modules (2) and to determine the lighting module (2) with the highest measured temperature value as the lighting module (2) arranged on the edge of the lamp (1).
11. The lamp according to Claim 5,
    characterized in
    that the lamp (1) is designed to randomly select the at least one switched-on lighting module (12) of the plurality of lighting modules (2) in order to determine the respective position of the plurality of lighting modules (12),
    wherein the lamp (1) is designed to determine the relative position of the other lighting modules (12) with respect to the randomly selected and switched-on lighting module (12) by means of the decreasing temperature values, beginning with the fact that the lighting module (12) with the highest measured temperature value is the switched-on lighting module (12), the lighting module (12) with the second-highest measured temperature value, that is arranged directly to the left or right of the switched-on lighting module (12), is the first switched-off lighting module (12), the lighting module (12) with the third-highest measured temperature value, that is arranged directly to the right or to the left of the first switched-on lighting module (12), is the second switched-off lighting module (12), and accordingly continuously for the other of the plurality of light modules, wherein depending on the asymmetrical arrangement of the temperature sensors (3), the first switched-off lighting module (12) is arranged to the left and the second switched-off lighting module (12) to the right or the first switched-off lighting module (12) to the right and the second switched-off lighting module (12) to the left of the switched-on lighting module (12).
12. The lamp according to Claim 11,
    characterized in
    that the lamp (1) is designed to switch off the randomly selected switched-on lighting module (12) and to successively switch on and off the other lighting modules (12) in order to determine the respective position of the plurality of lighting modules (12) and in each case to determine the relative position of the respective switched-off lighting module (12) with respect to the switched-on lighting module (12) by means of the decreasing temperature values, according to Claim 11,
    and wherein preferably the lamp (1) is designed to determine the absolute positions of the lighting modules (12) within the lamp (1) in order to determine the respective position of the plurality of lighting modules (12) by means of all relative positions.
13. The lamp according to any one of Claims 3-12,
    characterized in
    that previously created temperature profiles or thermal models are stored in the lamp (1) and the lamp (1) is designed to compare the stored temperature profiles with the determined temperature profile, in order to determine the respective position of the plurality of light modules (2, 12).
14. The lamp according to any one of claims 1-13,
    characterized in
    that the lamp (1) is designed to briefly switch on the lighting modules (2, 12) for generating a thermal pulse in order to determine the respective position of the plurality of lighting modules (2, 12) and when determining the position to take into consideration the temporal temperature profile.
15. The lamp according to any one of Claims 1-14,
    characterized in
    that the lamp (1) is of elongate design and the plurality of lighting modules (2, 12) are arranged linearly or behind one another in the lamp (1),
    or
    that the plurality of lighting modules (2, 12) is arranged in a matrix-like manner.

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