EP2869396B1 - Power divider including a T-coupler in the E-plane, radiating network and antenna including such a radiating network - Google Patents
Power divider including a T-coupler in the E-plane, radiating network and antenna including such a radiating network Download PDFInfo
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- EP2869396B1 EP2869396B1 EP14191286.5A EP14191286A EP2869396B1 EP 2869396 B1 EP2869396 B1 EP 2869396B1 EP 14191286 A EP14191286 A EP 14191286A EP 2869396 B1 EP2869396 B1 EP 2869396B1
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/16—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion
- H01P1/161—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion sustaining two independent orthogonal modes, e.g. orthomode transducer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
- H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
- H01Q1/288—Satellite antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
- H01Q25/007—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
- H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
- H01P5/19—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port of the junction type
- H01P5/20—Magic-T junctions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power distributor comprising a T-coupler in the E plane, a radiating network and an antenna comprising such a radiating network. It applies to the field of multi-beam focal array antennas operating in low frequency bands and more particularly to the field of C-band, L-band or S-band telecommunications. It also applies to radiating elements for array antennas, in particular in X band or Ka band, as well as for a spatial antenna with global coverage, in particular in C band.
- US 2540839 describes an example of a power distributor
- GB 1310534 describes an example of a junction between waveguides
- FR 890388 describes an assembly of waveguides of different polarizations
- EP 2290744 and US 3247512 also represent state of the art documents.
- a T-coupler is a junction between three waveguides arranged in a T-shape, the three waveguides each having one end forming an input or output port of the coupler.
- the T-junction can be of two different types, called junction in the E plane or in the H plane depending on the arrangement of the waveguides forming the three arms 10, 20, 30 of the T with respect to the electric field E and the magnetic field H propagating in the waveguides.
- the electric field E extends in a direction perpendicular to the long sides of the waveguide and the magnetic field H extends in a parallel direction to the long sides of the waveguide.
- the most commonly used T-coupler for power distributors in waveguide technology is the T-junction in the H-plane shown schematically on the diagram. figure 1a .
- the waveguides are rectangular in section, each waveguide being delimited by a wall peripheral metal consisting of two long sides, two short sides and having an entry or exit access.
- the three input and output waveguides 10, 20 and 30 are mounted flat on their long side and extend in the same XY plane, the input waveguide 30 being perpendicular to the two guides d 'output side waves 10 and 20.
- the junction is said to be in the H plane because the outlet ports 11, 21 of the two Lateral waveguides 10 and 20, which form the horizontal bar of a T, are oriented in the same XY plane as the H field established in the input port 31 of the input waveguide 30.
- the T-junction in the H plane is frequently used in a waveguide distribution network to connect the two outlet ports 11, 21 to two radiating elements 12, 22, such as for example compact cones, the assembly forming a radiating array that can be used in a flat antenna.
- the radiating network represented on the figure 1b comprises a T junction in the H plane mounted parallel to the XZ plane and two radiating horns oriented along the Z axis and connected to the two outlet ports of the T junction.
- the distribution network may be located in the XY plane, which makes it possible to reduce the thickness of the distribution network in the Z direction.
- the radiating elements can be supplied by the distribution network via an electromagnetic coupling slot 13, 23 as shown in figure 1c .
- This coupling technique is sensitive to the direction of propagation of the incident electromagnetic wave. If the two radiating elements 12, 22 are excited by electromagnetic waves propagating in opposite directions, then they radiate in phase opposition. The distribution network must then compensate for this difference in excitation phase. If this distribution network consists of a T-junction in the H plane, so that the radiating elements are excited in phase by the same power source and radiate coherently, it is necessary to add a stub 14, formed by a waveguide section, having a length equal to half a guided wavelength, on one of the two outlet ports 11 or 21.
- This waveguide section 14 performs a phase inversion 180 ° which compensates for the phase difference due to the excitation by an electromagnetic slit.
- This additional waveguide section increases the distance between two radiating elements, as shown in the example of figure 1c in which the radiating network comprises a T junction in the H plane oriented parallel to the XY plane and two horn-type radiating elements oriented in the Z direction.
- the power distributor thus formed is asymmetrical, which is detrimental to the bandwidth performance of the radiating network.
- the T-coupler in the E plane shown schematically on the figure 2a allows two radiating elements to be excited in phase, without requiring an additional waveguide section.
- the two lateral waveguides 10 and 20 are mounted flat on their long side and in the extension of one another in the same direction X of the XY plane and the guide input waveform 30 is coupled perpendicularly to the two lateral waveguides 10 and 20 and extends in a Z direction perpendicular to the XY plane.
- the junction is said to be in the E plane because the two outlet ports 11, 21 at the ends of the two lateral waveguides 10, 20 which form the crossbar of a T, are in the same XY plane as the established field E in the input port of the input waveguide 30.
- this known T-junction is characterized by an inlet port 31 arranged in a direction normal Z to the XY plane formed by the long sides of the rectangular guides Release. This arrangement increases the overall height of the coupler and the size of a power distributor and a planar antenna comprising such a T-coupler in the E plane and radiating elements 12, 22 coupled to this power distributor by through the respective coupling slots 13, 23.
- the two lateral output waveguides are replaced by a single waveguide 40 connecting the two output ports 11, 21. If the input waveguide 30 is arranged on the lower floor and the output waveguide 40 is located on the upper floor, the coupling in the plane E takes place by providing a slot 35 at the end of the input waveguide 30, in the upper wall, and a corresponding slot in the center of the bottom wall of the output waveguide 40 connecting the two output ports.
- the two output ports 11, 21 can be connected to two radiating elements so that they radiate in phase coherence. It is thus not necessary to add a waveguide section on one of the output ports, which improves the compactness of the power distributor obtained.
- the coupling slots in order to excite the lateral waveguides symmetrically, it is necessary for the coupling slots to be arranged in the input waveguide asymmetrically.
- the coupling slot is located at the edge of the input waveguide and not in the center. As in the case of a tee coupler in the H plane, this therefore results in an asymmetry of the power distributor. This asymmetry results in an unbalanced coupling between the output ports and also alters the bandwidth of the antenna obtained. It also affects the compactness of the radiating network.
- the aim of the invention is to solve the problems of existing power distributors and to propose a new power distributor in waveguide technology comprising a T-coupler in the plane E which is perfectly symmetrical and more compact in height, making it possible to supply radiating elements in phase without adding a stub, and thus being able to contribute to a reduction in the size of the power distributors used in arrays of low frequency band radiating elements, such as C, L, or S bands.
- the invention relates to a power distributor according to claim 1 comprising, among other things, at least two lateral waveguides with rectangular cross-section parallel to each other and a transverse waveguide with rectangular cross-section comprising two opposite ends respectively connected to the two lateral waveguides.
- the two lateral waveguides are oriented in a Y direction and mounted flat with their long side parallel to an XY plane
- the transverse waveguide is oriented in an X direction perpendicular to the Y direction and mounted on the wafer with its small side parallel to the XY plane.
- Each side waveguide is coupled to the transverse waveguide by a flush-junction E-plane tee coupler, both ends of the transverse waveguide being respectively embedded in each lateral waveguide, in the center of said respective lateral waveguide.
- the two lateral waveguides each have two opposite ends constituting four input / output ports and the transverse waveguide has a central supply port.
- the transverse waveguide waveguide may comprise an external cavity provided with an absorbent film and a coupling slot opening into the external cavity.
- the invention also relates to a radiating network comprising at least one power distributor and four radiating elements respectively coupled to the four ports of the power distributor.
- the invention also relates to a beam-forming antenna comprising at least one radiating network.
- the beam-forming antenna comprises at least two power distributors arranged parallel to one another and linked together in the Y direction of the lateral waveguides of the two power distributors by orthomode OMT transducers and radiating elements respectively coupled to the output ports of the respective orthomode transducers.
- the beam-forming antenna comprises at least two power distributors arranged perpendicular to each other and connected to each other by orthomode OMT transducers, and radiating elements respectively coupled to the output ports of the respective orthomode transducers.
- the beam-forming antenna can further comprise at least one reflector and at least two adjacent identical radiating networks mounted in front of the reflector, the two adjacent radiating networks being dedicated to two different polarizations orthogonal to each other.
- the beam-forming antenna comprises at least four power distributors and power combining / dividing means connected between the ports of the power distributors and the input ports of each OMT, the power distributors being connected between both of them in two orthogonal directions X, Y of an XY plane.
- the power combination / division means comprise T-couplers in the E plane with a flush-mounted junction with four ports, the four ports being made up of two inlet ports oriented in the X direction and two outlet ports oriented along the Y direction, three ports connecting, in the Y direction, the lateral waveguides to the transverse waveguide of a first power distributor, the fourth port connecting, in the X direction, the transverse waveguide of the first power splitter to a transverse waveguide of an adjacent second power splitter.
- the figure 4a represents an example of a T-coupler in the E plane which is used in the invention.
- the T-coupler has a flush-mounted junction and can have three or four I / O ports.
- the T-coupler 24 comprises three waveguides 10, 20, 30, each waveguide being delimited by a peripheral metal wall consisting of two long sides, two short sides and having an entry or exit access 11, 21, 31.
- Two lateral waveguides 10 and 20 are mounted flat on their long side and a central waveguide 30 is mounted on the edge on its short side, and embedded between the two side waveguides 10, 20.
- the side waveguides 10, 20 have their walls in addition large width parallel to the XY plane, while the central waveguide 30 has its walls of greater width perpendicular to the XY plane. All the waveguides and all the input and output accesses are therefore parallel to the XY plane, but the longitudinal axis of the central waveguide 30 is oriented in the X direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the two waveguides.
- lateral wave 10, 20 which are oriented in the Y direction.
- the embedding of the central waveguide 30 between the two lateral waveguides 10, 20 makes it possible to limit the thickness of the coupler to the width L of a large side of the central waveguide 30.
- the ends of the lateral waveguides 10, 20 form two lateral accesses 11, 21 of exit, or entry, oriented in the Y direction and one of the ends of the guide.
- central wave 30 forms an entry or exit port 31 oriented in the X direction perpendicular to the Y direction.
- the three waveguides being arranged in the same XY plane.
- the structure of the coupler is then perfectly symmetrical, the input / output ports of the lateral waveguides are arranged symmetrically with respect to the input / output port of the central waveguide, and the couplings of the access 31 from the central waveguide to the two accesses 11, 21 of the two lateral waveguides are perfectly balanced.
- this T-coupler has the advantage of being perfectly symmetrical, easier to produce and allows a symmetrical power distributor to be made more compact than all known power distributors. .
- the T-coupler in the plane E with recessed junction 24 forms a symmetrical power distributor between an input / output port 31 of the central waveguide and two ports 11, 21 for output / input of the lateral waveguides and can be used to supply in phase two different radiating elements of a radiating network 50 as shown for example on the figure 5 .
- Two radiating elements 51, 52 for example cones or radiating cavities such as Fabry-Perot cavities, can be coupled to the two ports 11, 21 of the lateral waveguides 10, 20 of the coupler in the plane E with recessed junction and be supplied in phase by a power source 53 connected to the port 31 of the waveguide central 30.
- the connection between each lateral access 11, 21 and the two corresponding radiating elements can be produced by an angled waveguide.
- the two radiating elements 51, 52 connected in a network by the T-coupler in the plane E form a radiating network 50 which can be used, alone or in combination with other radiating elements in a network, in a plane antenna operating in transmission or in reception
- the three port flush-junction T-coupler 24 shown in figure 4a is sensitive in adaptation to the phase coherence of the signals incident on the two ports 21 and 11 of the lateral waveguides when the power distributor is operating in reception. If the incident signals are no longer in phase opposition, as is the case for example for the signals received by the radiating elements for an incident wave with a direction not normal to the network surface, then the signals are slightly unbalanced in phase. This may result in a mismatch of the three-port T-coupler, which is harmful to the radiation pattern of the radiating network.
- the three-port recessed junction T-coupler 24 may comprise a cavity 25 at the bottom of which is deposited an absorbent film 26.
- the cavity provided with the absorbent film may for example be arranged under the lower wall 27 of the central waveguide 30 of the coupler 24 and is fed by a longitudinal slot 28 formed in said lower wall 27.
- the cavity 25 provided with the absorbent film 26 makes it possible to absorb the electromagnetic waves which propagate in the power distributor and which do not comply with the conditions of phase necessary for the operation of the T-coupler in the E plane.
- the figure 6a represents an example of a power distribution network with four output ports comprising two T-couplers in the E plane with a flush-mounted junction, according to the invention.
- the power splitter comprises two lateral waveguides 61, 62 parallel to each other and a transverse waveguide 63 coupled perpendicularly to the two lateral waveguides, the coupling between each lateral waveguide and the waveguide transverse being produced by a T-coupler in the E plane with junction recessed according to the invention.
- Each lateral waveguide 61, 62 is mounted flat with its long sides parallel to the XY plane and the transverse waveguide 63 is mounted on the wafer with its long sides perpendicular to the XY plane.
- the transverse waveguide has two ends 63a, 63b respectively embedded in each lateral waveguide.
- the power distributor 60 is perfectly symmetrical, the two T-junctions in the plane E being embedded in the center of each lateral waveguide at the level of the two ends 63a, 63b of the transverse waveguide 63.
- Each waveguide side has two opposite ends constituting two output / input ports 64, 65, 66, 67, respectively, of the power distributor 60, to which can be coupled four radiating elements, each output / input port 64, 65, 66, 67 of the power distributor 60 then constituting an input / output port of a radiating element.
- the power distributor 60 also includes a power supply access 68 arranged in the center of the transverse waveguide, in one of the upper or lower walls.
- the power supply port 68 can be connected to a power source, not shown, the power of which will be distributed by the power distributor 60 to the four output / input ports 64, 65, 66, 67 to supply power. phase the four entry / exit ports of the corresponding radiating elements.
- the transverse waveguide 63 comprises a coupling slot 28 formed in a peripheral wall and opening into the external cavity 25.
- the assembly consisting of the power distributor 60 and of the radiating elements 69 constitutes a radiating network which can be used as a plane antenna operating in mono-polarization.
- the four radiating elements 69 connected in a network by the power distribution network 60 radiate in phase and participate in the formation of the same beam 1. It is possible to combine several identical radiating networks to obtain the formation of several contiguous beams. Radiant arrays can be used alone as a direct radiating antenna or be used in combination with one or more reflectors.
- each beam 1, 2 is formed by four respective radiating elements 69, 79, of which two radiating elements are visible in the sectional view of the figure 6b .
- each beam 1, 2 is respectively connected to the four output / input ports of a dedicated power distributor 60, 70 and supplied in phase and in an identical polarization by a central power source connected to the respective power supply access 68, 78 of the corresponding power distributor 60, 70.
- the figures 7a and 7c represent an example of a power distribution network comprising three power distributors 60, 70, 80 each having four output / input ports, according to the invention.
- the three power distributors 60, 70, 80 are arranged side by side parallel to each other and coupled to polarization diplexers or orthomode transducers OMT 71, 72, 73, 74 (in English: Orthogonal Mode Transducer) to feed elements radiating 69 in two orthogonal polarizations P1, P2.
- Each power distributor is identical to that of the figure 6a but two adjacent power distributors are dedicated to two different polarizations and orthogonal to each other.
- the OMTs 71, 72, 73, 74 constitute the input / output ports of the radiating elements 69.
- This distribution network can be used alone as a direct radiating antenna or, as shown in the diagram. figure 7b , this distribution network can be used as a network of primary sources placed in the focal plane of a reflector 89 of a multibeam antenna. Each primary source then consists of four radiating elements coupled in phase and supplied in an identical polarization by one of the power distributors and makes it possible to form a beam. Two adjacent power distributors are supplied by two different polarizations orthogonal to each other, which makes it possible to form two adjacent orthogonally polarized and spatially offset beams.
- two adjacent distribution networks can be arranged perpendicular to each other.
- the adjacent distribution networks are coupled to OMTs comprising two orthogonal ports between them.
- two adjacent power distributors 60, 70 correspond respectively to two different orthogonal polarizations and make it possible to produce two adjacent beams orthogonally polarized and spatially offset.
- the power distributors 60, 70, 80 are arranged one beside the other and connected to each other two by two by orthomode OMT transducers 71, 72, 73, 74 with two input ports and one output capable of delivering two linear or circular orthogonal polarizations.
- an OMT making it possible to diplex input signals into two circular polarization signals can for example be of the septum polarizer type.
- the figure 8 illustrates a longitudinal view of an exemplary orthomode septum polarizer-type transducer which may be used in the invention.
- the OMT of the septum polarizer type consists of a waveguide comprising two input ports 83, 84 operating in phase opposition, an output port 85 operating according to two orthogonal polarizations and a longitudinal internal plate 86, called a septum, separating the two inlet ports and extending in the Z direction over part of the length of the OMT waveguide.
- the internal plate 86 of the septum comprises different stages making it possible to transform an electromagnetic field of linear polarization at the input of the septum into an electromagnetic field of right or left circular polarization, at the output of the septum, depending on the excited input port.
- the septum polarizer type OMT operates in circular polarization, but it is also possible to use an OMT operating in linear polarization to develop beams of orthogonal linear polarizations.
- the two power distributors can be connected to each other by means of two OMTs 71, 72, the output port 85 of each OMT being intended to be connected to a radiating element 69.
- the two input ports 83, 84 of each OMT 71, 72 are respectively connected to two output ports 65, 75, respectively 67, 77, belonging to each of the two distribution frames. power.
- all the power distributors can be linked together by means of several OMT 71, 72, 73, 74, each OMT being coupled to two output ports of two distributors adjacent power sources 60, 70 or 70, 80.
- each power splitter has an input port 68, 78, 88 which can be powered by a dedicated power source.
- the input ports 68, 78, 88 of three two-by-two adjacent power distributors 60, 70, 80 can be supplied with a TE10 mode.
- Each OMT connected to two adjacent distributors 60, 70, 80 will produce two signals in orthogonal circular polarizations. Depending on the input port of the OMT, the circular polarization produced at the output of the OMT will be right or left.
- the OMTs connected to a first power distributor can be oriented so as to develop signals in phase and having the same first polarization P1 and the OMTs connected to a second power distributor can be oriented so as to develop signals in phase and having the same second polarization P2 orthogonal to P1.
- the output ports 85 of each OMT 71, 72, 73, 74 can then be respectively coupled to respective radiating elements, for example cones or Fabry-Perot cavities, in order to obtain radiating networks capable of forming beams in the first polarization P1 or in the second polarization P2.
- the radiating networks obtained can be used as the primary source of a parabolic reflector 89 to form adjacent beams 1, 2 having two different colors, the two colors corresponding respectively to the polarizations P1 and P2.
- the distribution networks are connected to each other in a single direction Y which makes it possible to produce interlaced beams extending in a single direction.
- a distribution network comprising several power distributors 60, 70, 80, 90 interconnected two by two in two directions of an XY plane as shown in the example of the distribution network of the figure 9 , and by supplying the radiating elements of the adjacent distributors in four different colors, it is possible to form interlaced beams in two directions of a plane, the adjacent beams having different colors.
- the four different colors correspond to four pairs of different frequency and polarization values (F1, P1), (F2, P1), (F1, P2), (F2, P2). For this, it is necessary that each radiating element can be supplied by four different colors coming from four different power distributors.
- each radiating element 69 can be supplied with four different colors by using, on transmission, a power combining means connected between each output port of a power distributor and each input port 83 , 84 of an OMT 71, 72.
- the power combining means functions as a power dividing means, the output ports of the power distributor become input ports and vice versa, the ports of. entry 83, 84 of OMT 71, 72 become egress ports.
- the operation of an antenna on reception being the opposite of that on transmission, in the remainder of the description, the qualification of the different accesses corresponds to operation in transmission.
- the power combining / dividing means 92, 93 can be implemented in various ways.
- two power combining / dividing means 92, 93 are shown, each power combining / dividing means being implemented by a directional coupler in waveguides with two output ports.
- the directional coupler comprises two input waveguides coupled together at one end by holes 94 made in the internal metal wall separating the two waveguides, but many other variants exist and can be used.
- This hole coupler has an isolated access 95 connected to a resistive load and an output port 96 connected to an input of the OMT 71.
- such a power combiner / divider attenuates the signals received when it operates in reception. These attenuations can be compensated by adding low noise amplifiers between the power distributors and the OMTs.
- the combiner / divider can be transformed into a circulator 97, for example by inserting a ferrite washer 98 into the combiner / divider as shown in the example of figure 10b .
- the power combining / dividing means can be constituted by a T-coupler in the E plane with a recessed junction with four ports.
- the T-coupler in the plane E with recessed junction 99 comprises two lateral waveguides 10 and 20 mounted flat on their large side and a central waveguide 30 mounted on the edge on its small side, the central waveguide 30 being recessed between the two lateral waveguides 10, 20 like the structure of the recessed junction T-coupler shown in FIG. figure 4 .
- This T-coupler in the plane E with recessed junction also has two output ports 11, 21 located at both ends of the two lateral waveguides and a first input port 31 located at a first end of the central waveguide. 30.
- this T-coupler in the plane E with recessed junction has an additional second input port 91 located at the second end of the central waveguide 30, opposite to the first input port 31.
- the two inlet ports 31, 91 are oriented in the X direction perpendicular to the Y direction of the two outlet ports 11, 21. In this case, when the two ports 11, 21 of the lateral waveguides 10, 20 of the Four-port flush-mounted junction coupler are fed in phase opposition, then the signals separate equally to the two ports 31, 91 of the central waveguide 30.
- each coupler 99 located at one end of the central waveguide of a power splitter is available and can be directly connected to the central waveguide of an adjacent power splitter.
- two adjacent distributors in the X direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the central waveguide of each power distributor, connected together by a four-port coupler 99 share a lateral waveguide, which allows the corresponding radiating openings to be interlaced in the X direction. It is then possible to form interlaced beams in two directions of a plane, the adjacent beams having different colors.
- the four different colors correspond to four pairs of different frequency and polarization values (F1, P1), (F2, P1), (F1, P2), (F2, P2).
- the flush-mounted four port junction 99 divides the signals received by the radiating elements, and routes them to the output ports 78, 78b when it is operating in reception. These attenuations can be compensated by adding low noise amplifiers between the power distributors and the OMTs.
- the couplings between the two input ports 31, 91 of the T-coupler in the plane E with recessed junction are important and result in large couplings at the power input ports 68, 78 , 88 of the power distributor which requires the use of insulators at this level.
- the four port flush-junction T-coupler 99 shown in figure 11 is sensitive in adaptation to the phase coherence of the incident signals on the ports 21 and 11 when the distributor is operating on reception, or on the ports 31 and 91 when the distributor is operating on transmission. If the incident signals are no longer in phase opposition, as is the case for example for the signals received by the radiating elements for an incident wave with a direction not normal to the network surface, then the signals are slightly unbalanced in phase. This may result in a mismatch of the four-port T-coupler 99, which is harmful to the radiation pattern of the radiating network.
- the four-port recessed junction T-coupler 99 may include a cavity 100 at the bottom of which is deposited an absorbent film 101.
- the absorbent cavity may be arranged, for example, under the bottom wall 104 of the central waveguide 30 of the coupler 99 and is supplied by two longitudinal slots 102, 103 formed in said lower wall 104.
Description
La présente invention concerne un répartiteur de puissance comportant un coupleur en Té dans le plan E, un réseau rayonnant et une antenne comportant un tel réseau rayonnant. Elle s'applique au domaine des antennes multifaisceaux à réseau focal fonctionnant dans des bandes de fréquences basses et plus particulièrement au domaine des télécommunications en bande C, en bande L ou en bande S. Elle s'applique aussi aux éléments rayonnants pour antennes réseaux, notamment en bande X ou en bande Ka, ainsi que pour une antenne spatiale de couverture globale, notamment en bande C.The present invention relates to a power distributor comprising a T-coupler in the E plane, a radiating network and an antenna comprising such a radiating network. It applies to the field of multi-beam focal array antennas operating in low frequency bands and more particularly to the field of C-band, L-band or S-band telecommunications. It also applies to radiating elements for array antennas, in particular in X band or Ka band, as well as for a spatial antenna with global coverage, in particular in C band.
Un coupleur en Té est une jonction entre trois guides d'onde agencés en forme de T, les trois guides d'onde comportant chacun une extrémité formant un accès d'entrée ou de sortie du coupleur. La jonction en Té peut être de deux types différents, appelés jonction dans le plan E ou dans le plan H selon l'agencement des guides d'onde formant les trois bras 10, 20, 30 du T par rapport au champ électrique E et au champ magnétique H se propageant dans les guides d'onde. De manière connue, lorsqu'une onde électromagnétique se propage dans un guide d'onde rectangulaire, le champ électrique E s'étend selon une direction perpendiculaire aux grands côtés du guide d'onde et le champ magnétique H s'étend selon une direction parallèle aux grands côtés du guide d'onde.A T-coupler is a junction between three waveguides arranged in a T-shape, the three waveguides each having one end forming an input or output port of the coupler. The T-junction can be of two different types, called junction in the E plane or in the H plane depending on the arrangement of the waveguides forming the three
Le coupleur en Té le plus couramment utilisé pour les répartiteurs de puissance en technologie guide d'onde est la jonction en Té dans le plan H représentée schématiquement sur la
La jonction en Té dans le plan H est fréquemment utilisée dans un réseau de répartition en guides d'onde pour connecter les deux accès de sortie 11, 21 à deux éléments rayonnants 12, 22, comme par exemple des cornets compacts, l'ensemble formant un réseau rayonnant qui peut être utilisé dans une antenne plane. Le réseau rayonnant représenté sur la
Pour exciter les éléments rayonnants en phase avec un réseau de répartition symétrique et compact, il est alors nécessaire de disposer d'un coupleur en Té dans le plan E, comme le montrent les
Comme représenté sur la
A titre d'art antérieur connu, on peut citer le dispositif objet du brevet
Le but de l'invention est de résoudre les problèmes des répartiteurs de puissance existants et de proposer un nouveau répartiteur de puissance en technologie guide d'onde comportant un coupleur en Té dans le plan E parfaitement symétrique et plus compact en hauteur, permettant d'alimenter des éléments rayonnants en phase sans ajouter un stub, et pouvant ainsi contribuer à une réduction de l'encombrement des répartiteurs de puissance utilisés dans des réseaux d'éléments rayonnants en bande de fréquence basse, comme dans les bandes C, L, ou S.The aim of the invention is to solve the problems of existing power distributors and to propose a new power distributor in waveguide technology comprising a T-coupler in the plane E which is perfectly symmetrical and more compact in height, making it possible to supply radiating elements in phase without adding a stub, and thus being able to contribute to a reduction in the size of the power distributors used in arrays of low frequency band radiating elements, such as C, L, or S bands.
Pour cela, l'invention concerne un répartiteur de puissance selon la revendication 1 comportant entre autres au moins deux guides d'onde latéraux à section rectangulaire parallèles entre eux et un guide d'onde transversal à section rectangulaire comportant deux extrémités opposées respectivement connectées aux deux guides d'onde latéraux. Les deux guides d'onde latéraux sont orientés selon une direction Y et montés à plat avec leur grand côté parallèle à un plan XY, le guide d'onde transversal est orienté selon une direction X perpendiculaire à la direction Y et monté sur la tranche avec son petit côté parallèle au plan XY. Chaque guide d'onde latéral est couplé au guide d'onde transversal par un coupleur en té dans le plan E à jonction encastrée, les deux extrémités du guide d'onde transversal étant respectivement encastrées dans chaque guide d'onde latéral, au centre dudit guide d'onde latéral respectif.For this, the invention relates to a power distributor according to
Les deux guides d'onde latéraux comportent chacun deux extrémités opposées constituant quatre accès d'entrée/sortie et le guide d'onde transversal comporte un accès d'alimentation central.The two lateral waveguides each have two opposite ends constituting four input / output ports and the transverse waveguide has a central supply port.
Selon un mode de réalisation, au niveau de chaque jonction encastrée, le guide d'onde guide d'onde transversal peut comporter une cavité externe munie d'un film absorbant et une fente de couplage débouchant dans la cavité externe.According to one embodiment, at each embedded junction, the transverse waveguide waveguide may comprise an external cavity provided with an absorbent film and a coupling slot opening into the external cavity.
L'invention concerne aussi un réseau rayonnant comportant au moins un répartiteur de puissance et quatre éléments rayonnants respectivement couplés aux quatre accès du répartiteur de puissance.The invention also relates to a radiating network comprising at least one power distributor and four radiating elements respectively coupled to the four ports of the power distributor.
L'invention concerne aussi une antenne à formation de faisceaux comportant au moins un réseau rayonnant.The invention also relates to a beam-forming antenna comprising at least one radiating network.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l'antenne à formation de faisceaux comporte au moins deux répartiteurs de puissance disposés parallèlement entre eux et reliés entre eux selon la direction Y des guides d'onde latéraux des deux répartiteurs de puissance par des transducteurs orthomodes OMT et des éléments rayonnants respectivement couplés aux accès de sortie des transducteurs orthomodes respectifs.According to one embodiment, the beam-forming antenna comprises at least two power distributors arranged parallel to one another and linked together in the Y direction of the lateral waveguides of the two power distributors by orthomode OMT transducers and radiating elements respectively coupled to the output ports of the respective orthomode transducers.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, l'antenne à formation de faisceaux comporte au moins deux répartiteurs de puissance disposés perpendiculairement entre eux et reliés entre eux par des transducteurs orthomodes OMT, et des éléments rayonnants respectivement couplés aux accès de sortie des transducteurs orthomodes respectifs.According to another embodiment, the beam-forming antenna comprises at least two power distributors arranged perpendicular to each other and connected to each other by orthomode OMT transducers, and radiating elements respectively coupled to the output ports of the respective orthomode transducers.
Avantageusement, l'antenne à formation de faisceaux peut comporter en outre au moins un réflecteur et au moins deux réseaux rayonnants identiques adjacents montés devant le réflecteur, les deux réseaux rayonnants adjacents étant dédiés à deux polarisations différentes orthogonales entre elles.Advantageously, the beam-forming antenna can further comprise at least one reflector and at least two adjacent identical radiating networks mounted in front of the reflector, the two adjacent radiating networks being dedicated to two different polarizations orthogonal to each other.
Avantageusement, l'antenne à formation de faisceaux comporte au moins quatre répartiteurs de puissance et des moyens de combinaison/division de puissance connectés entre les accès des répartiteurs de puissance et des accès d'entrée de chaque OMT, les répartiteurs de puissance étant reliés entre eux deux à deux selon deux directions orthogonales X, Y d'un plan XY.Advantageously, the beam-forming antenna comprises at least four power distributors and power combining / dividing means connected between the ports of the power distributors and the input ports of each OMT, the power distributors being connected between both of them in two orthogonal directions X, Y of an XY plane.
Avantageusement, les moyens de combinaison/division de puissance comportent des coupleurs en Té dans le plan E à jonction encastrée à quatre accès, les quatre accès étant constitués de deux accès d'entrée orientés selon la direction X et de deux accès de sortie orientés selon la direction Y, trois accès reliant, selon la direction Y, les guides d'onde latéraux au guide d'onde transversal d'un premier répartiteur de puissance, le quatrième accès reliant, selon la direction X, le guide d'onde transversal du premier répartiteur de puissance à un guide d'onde transversal d'un deuxième répartiteur de puissance adjacent.Advantageously, the power combination / division means comprise T-couplers in the E plane with a flush-mounted junction with four ports, the four ports being made up of two inlet ports oriented in the X direction and two outlet ports oriented along the Y direction, three ports connecting, in the Y direction, the lateral waveguides to the transverse waveguide of a first power distributor, the fourth port connecting, in the X direction, the transverse waveguide of the first power splitter to a transverse waveguide of an adjacent second power splitter.
D'autres particularités et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront clairement dans la suite de la description donnée à titre d'exemple purement illustratif et non limitatif, en référence aux dessins schématiques annexés qui représentent :
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figure 1a : un schéma en perspective d'un exemple de coupleur en Té dans le plan H, selon l'art antérieur ; -
figure 1b : un schéma en coupe d'un exemple de réseau rayonnant comportant le coupleur en Té dans le plan H de lafigure 1a monté parallèlement au plan XZ du réseau rayonnant, selon l'art antérieur ; -
figure 1c : un schéma en coupe d'un exemple de réseau rayonnant comportant le coupleur en Té dans le plan H de lafigure 1a monté parallèlement au plan XY du réseau rayonnant, selon l'art antérieur ; -
figure 2a : un schéma en perspective d'un premier exemple de coupleur en Té dans le plan E, selon l'art antérieur ; -
figure 2b : un schéma en coupe d'un exemple de réseau rayonnant comportant le coupleur en Té dans le plan E de lafigure 2a orienté selon le plan XY, selon l'art antérieur ; -
figure 3 : un schéma en perspective d'un deuxième exemple de coupleur en Té dans le plan E, selon l'art antérieur ; -
figure 4a : un schéma en perspective d'un exemple de coupleur en Té dans le plan E à jonction encastrée à trois accès, qui est utilisé dans l'invention ; -
figure 4b : un schéma en perspective d'un coupleur en Té dans le plan E à jonction encastrée à trois accès comportant une cavité absorbante, qui est utilisé dans l'invention ; -
figure 5 : un schéma en coupe selon le plan YZ, d'un exemple de réseau rayonnant utilisant un coupleur en Té dans le plan E, selon un example ; -
figure 6a : une vue schématique de dessus d'un exemple de réseau de répartition de puissance à quatre accès comportant deux coupleurs en Té dans le plan E, selon l'invention ; -
figure 6b : une vue schématique en coupe d'une antenne comportant deux répartiteurs de puissance identiques alimentés par des sources d'alimentation dédiées et connectés à des éléments rayonnants, selon l'invention ; -
figure 7a : une vue schématique de dessus d'un exemple de réseau de répartition de puissance comportant trois répartiteurs à quatre accès, identiques à ceux de lafigure 6a , disposés parallèlement entre eux et reliés entre eux par des OMT, selon l'invention ; -
figure 7b : une vue schématique en coupe d'un exemple d'antenne multifaisceaux comportant le réseau de répartition de puissance de lafigure 7a couplé à des éléments rayonnants et formant des sources primaires placées dans le plan focal d'un réflecteur de l'antenne multifaisceaux, selon l'invention ; -
figure 7c : un exemple de connexion de deux répartiteurs de puissance par des OMT selon l'invention ; -
figure 7d : une vue schématique de dessus d'un exemple de réseau de répartition de puissance comportant trois répartiteurs à quatre accès, identiques à ceux de lafigure 6a , disposés perpendiculairement entre eux et reliés entre eux par des OMT, selon l'invention ; -
figure 8 : une vue schématique longitudinale d'un exemple de transducteur orthomode septum, qui peut être utilisé dans l'invention. -
figure 9 : un schéma de dessus d'un premier exemple de réseau de répartition comportant plusieurs répartiteurs de puissance reliés entre eux deux à deux selon deux directions d'un plan, selon l'invention ; -
figure 10a : un schéma en coupe longitudinale d'un exemple de coupleur directionnel couplé à un élément rayonnant par l'intermédiaire d'un OMT, selon l'invention ; -
figure 10b : un schéma en coupe longitudinale d'un exemple de circulateur à ferrite couplé à un élément rayonnant par l'intermédiaire d'un OMT, qui peut être utilisé dans l'nvention ; -
figure 11 : un schéma en perspective d'un coupleur en Té dans le plan E à jonction encastrée à quatre accès, qui est utilisé dans l'invention ; -
figure 12 : un schéma de dessus d'un deuxième exemple de réseau de répartition comportant plusieurs répartiteurs de puissance reliés entre eux deux à deux selon deux directions d'un plan, selon l'invention ; -
figure 13 : un schéma en perspective d'un coupleur en Té dans le plan E à jonction encastrée à quatre accès comportant une cavité absorbante, qui est utilisé dans l'invention.
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figure 1a : a perspective diagram of an example of a T coupler in the H plane, according to the prior art; -
figure 1b : a sectional diagram of an example of a radiating network comprising the T-coupler in the H plane of thefigure 1a mounted parallel to the XZ plane of the radiating network, according to the prior art; -
figure 1c : a sectional diagram of an example of a radiating network comprising the T-coupler in the H plane of thefigure 1a mounted parallel to the XY plane of the radiating network, according to the prior art; -
figure 2a : a perspective diagram of a first example of a T-coupler in the E plane, according to the prior art; -
figure 2b : a sectional diagram of an example of a radiating network comprising the T-coupler in the E plane of thefigure 2a oriented along the XY plane, according to the prior art; -
figure 3 : a perspective diagram of a second example of a T-coupler in the E plane, according to the prior art; -
figure 4a : a perspective diagram of an exemplary T-coupler in the E-plane with a three-port recessed junction, which is used in the invention; -
figure 4b : a perspective diagram of a three port recessed junction E-plane T coupler with an absorbent cavity, which is used in the invention; -
figure 5 : a sectional diagram along the YZ plane, of an example of a radiating network using a T-coupler in the E plane, according to an example; -
figure 6a : a schematic top view of an example of a four-port power distribution network comprising two T-couplers in the E plane, according to the invention; -
figure 6b : a schematic sectional view of an antenna comprising two identical power distributors supplied by dedicated power sources and connected to radiating elements, according to the invention; -
figure 7a : a schematic view from above of an example of a power distribution network comprising three distributors with four ports, identical to those of thefigure 6a , arranged parallel to each other and interconnected by OMTs, according to the invention; -
figure 7b : a schematic sectional view of an example of a multibeam antenna comprising the power distribution network of thefigure 7a coupled to radiating elements and forming primary sources placed in the focal plane of a reflector of the multibeam antenna, according to the invention; -
figure 7c : an example of connection of two power distributors by OMTs according to the invention; -
figure 7d : a schematic view from above of an example of a power distribution network comprising three distributors with four ports, identical to those of thefigure 6a , arranged perpendicular to each other and interconnected by OMTs, according to the invention; -
figure 8 : a longitudinal schematic view of an example of an orthomode septum transducer, which can be used in the invention. -
figure 9 : a top diagram of a first example of a distribution network comprising several power distributors connected to one another in pairs in two directions of a plane, according to the invention; -
figure 10a : a diagram in longitudinal section of an example of a directional coupler coupled to a radiating element via an OMT, according to the invention; -
figure 10b : a longitudinal sectional diagram of an example of a ferrite circulator coupled to a radiating element via an OMT, which can be used in the invention; -
figure 11 : a perspective diagram of a T-coupler in the plane E with a flush-mounted junction with four ports, which is used in the invention; -
figure 12 : a top diagram of a second example of a distribution network comprising several power distributors interconnected in pairs in two directions of a plane, according to the invention; -
figure 13 : a perspective diagram of a four port recessed junction E-plane T coupler with an absorbent cavity, which is used in the invention.
La
Le coupleur en Té dans le plan E à jonction encastrée 24 forme un répartiteur de puissance symétrique entre un accès 31 d'entrée/sortie du guide d'onde central et deux accès 11, 21 de sortie/entrée des guides d'onde latéraux et peut être utilisé pour alimenter en phase deux éléments rayonnants différents d'un réseau rayonnant 50 comme représenté par exemple sur la
Le coupleur en Té 24 à jonction encastrée à trois accès représenté sur la
La
Comme représenté sur l'exemple de la
Les
Alternativement, sur l'exemple de la
Dans ces deux exemples de réalisation, deux répartiteurs de puissance adjacents 60, 70 correspondent respectivement à deux polarisations orthogonales différentes et permettent d'élaborer deux faisceaux adjacents polarisés orthogonalement et décalés spatialement.In these two exemplary embodiments, two
Pour que les faisceaux 1, 2, 3 élaborés par le réflecteur 89 se recouvrent à un niveau élevé comme représenté sur la
La
Lorsque le réseau de répartition de puissance comporte deux répartiteurs de puissance 60, 70, les deux répartiteurs de puissance peuvent être reliés entre eux par l'intermédiaire de deux OMT 71, 72, l'accès de sortie 85 de chaque OMT étant destiné à être connecté à un élément rayonnant 69. Dans ce cas, les deux accès d'entrée 83, 84 de chaque OMT 71, 72 sont respectivement connectés à deux accès de sortie 65, 75, respectivement 67, 77, appartenant à chacun des deux répartiteurs de puissance. Lorsque le réseau de répartition comporte plus de deux répartiteurs de puissance, tous les répartiteurs de puissance peuvent être reliés entre eux par l'intermédiaire de plusieurs OMT 71, 72, 73, 74, chaque OMT étant couplé à deux accès de sortie de deux répartiteurs de puissance adjacents 60, 70 ou 70, 80. Le guide d'onde transversal de chaque répartiteur de puissance comporte un accès d'entrée 68, 78, 88 qui peut être alimenté par une source d'alimentation dédiée. Par exemple, les accès d'entrée 68, 78, 88 de trois répartiteurs de puissance adjacents deux à deux 60, 70, 80 peuvent être alimentés avec un mode TE10. Chaque OMT connecté à deux répartiteurs adjacents 60, 70, 80 va élaborer deux signaux en polarisations circulaires orthogonales. Selon l'accès d'entrée de l'OMT, la polarisation circulaire élaborée en sortie de l'OMT sera droite ou gauche. Ainsi, les OMT connectés à un premier répartiteur de puissance peuvent être orientés de façon à élaborer des signaux en phase et ayant une même première polarisation P1 et les OMT connectés à un second répartiteur de puissance peuvent être orientés de façon à élaborer des signaux en phase et ayant une même deuxième polarisation P2 orthogonale à P1. Les accès de sortie 85 de chaque OMT 71, 72, 73, 74 peuvent alors être respectivement couplés à des éléments rayonnants respectifs, par exemple des cornets ou des cavités Fabry-Perot, afin d'obtenir des réseaux rayonnants aptes à former des faisceaux dans la première polarisation P1 ou dans la seconde polarisation P2. Les réseaux rayonnants obtenus peuvent être utilisés en tant que source primaire d'un réflecteur parabolique 89 pour former des faisceaux adjacents 1, 2 ayant deux couleurs différentes, les deux couleurs correspondant respectivement aux polarisations P1 et P2.When the power distribution network comprises two
Dans les exemples représentés sur les
Selon un mode de réalisation, chaque élément rayonnant 69 peut être alimenté par quatre couleurs différentes en utilisant, à l'émission, un moyen de combinaison de puissance connecté entre chaque accès de sortie d'un répartiteur de puissance et chaque accès d'entrée 83, 84 d'un OMT 71, 72. A la réception, le moyen de combinaison de puissance fonctionne comme un moyen de division de puissance, les accès de sortie du répartiteur de puissance deviennent des accès d'entrée et inversement, les accès d'entrée 83, 84 des OMT 71, 72 deviennent des accès de sortie. Le fonctionnement d'une antenne à la réception étant inverse de celui à l'émission, dans la suite de la description, la qualification des différents accès correspond à un fonctionnement en émission.According to one embodiment, each radiating
Le moyen de combinaison/division de puissance 92, 93 peut être réalisé de différentes façons. Sur l'exemple de la
Alternativement, selon un autre mode de réalisation, le combineur/diviseur peut être transformé en un circulateur 97 par exemple en insérant une rondelle de ferrite 98 dans le combineur/diviseur comme représenté sur l'exemple de la
Alternativement, selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention, le moyen de combinaison/division de puissance peut être constitué par un coupleur en Té dans le plan E à jonction encastrée à quatre accès. Comme représentée sur la
Pour une utilisation en émission, les couplages entre les deux accès d'entrée 31, 91 du coupleur en Té dans le plan E à jonction encastrée sont importants et résultent en des couplages importants au niveau des accès d'entrée d'alimentation 68, 78, 88 du répartiteur de puissance ce qui nécessite l'emploi d'isolateurs à ce niveau. En outre, pour limiter ce couplage entre accès, et diminuer les pertes en puissance dans ces isolateurs, Il est également possible d'inclure une rondelle de ferrite au centre de la jonction encastrée du coupleur. Le couplage entre les deux accès d'entrée 31 et 91 est alors significativement modifié, et les signaux émis vers les accès d'entrée 31 ou 91 du coupleur en Té sont alors intégralement routés en se séparant équitablement vers les deux accès de sortie 11 et 21.For use in transmission, the couplings between the two
Le coupleur en Té 99 à jonction encastrée à quatre accès représenté sur la
Claims (9)
- Power splitter comprising at least two lateral waveguides (61, 62) with rectangular cross-section parallel to one another and a transverse waveguide (63) with rectangular cross-section comprising two opposite ends (63a, 63b) respectively connected to the two lateral waveguides, wherein the two lateral waveguides (61, 62) each comprise two opposite ends constituting four input/output ports (64, 65, 66, 67), configured to feed radiating elements and the transverse waveguide (63) comprises a central feed port (68), configured to allow the attachment of the device to an emission source, the two lateral waveguides (61, 62) being oriented along a direction Y and mounted flat with their large side parallel to a plane XY, the transverse waveguide (63) being oriented along a direction X perpendicular to the direction Y and mounted edgewise with its small side parallel to the plane XY, each lateral waveguide being coupled to the transverse waveguide by a tee coupler in the E-plane with embedded junction, the two ends (63a, 63b) of the transverse waveguide (63) being respectively embedded in each lateral waveguide (61, 62), at the centre of said respective lateral waveguide.
- Power splitter according to Claim 1, characterized in that, at the level of each embedded junction, the transverse waveguide (63) comprises an external cavity (25) furnished with an absorbent film (26) and a coupling slot (28) emerging into the external cavity.
- Radiating array, characterized in that it comprises at least one power splitter (60) according to Claim 2, and four radiating elements (69) respectively coupled to the four ports (64, 65, 66, 67) of the power splitter (60).
- Beamforming antenna, characterized in that it comprises at least one radiating array according to Claim 3.
- Beamforming antenna according to Claim 4, characterized in that it comprises at least two power splitters (60, 70) disposed parallel to one another and linked together, along the direction Y of the lateral waveguides of the two power splitters, by orthomode transducers OMT (71, 72, 73, 74), and radiating elements respectively coupled to the output ports (85) of respective orthomode transducers (71, 72, 73, 74).
- Beamforming antenna according to Claim 4, characterized in that it comprises at least two power splitters (60, 70) disposed perpendicular to one another and linked together by orthomode transducers OMT (71, 72, 73, 74), and radiating elements respectively coupled to the output ports (85) of respective orthomode transducers (71, 72, 73, 74).
- Beamforming antenna according to Claim 4, characterized in that it comprises at least one reflector (89) and at least two adjacent identical radiating arrays mounted in front of the reflector, the two adjacent radiating arrays being dedicated to two mutually orthogonal different polarizations.
- Beamforming antenna according to one of Claims 5 to 7, characterized in that it comprises at least four power splitters as well as power combining/dividing means (92, 93, 97, 99) connected between the ports (64, 65, 66, 67) of the power splitters and input ports (83, 84) of each OMT (71, 72, 73, 74), the power splitters being linked together pairwise along two orthogonal directions X, Y of a plane XY.
- Beamforming antenna according to Claim 8, characterized in that the power combining/dividing means comprise Tee couplers in the E-plane with embedded junction with four ports (99), the four ports consisting of two input ports (31, 91) oriented along the direction X and of two output ports (11, 21) oriented along the direction Y, three ports linking, along the direction Y, the lateral waveguides to the transverse waveguide of a first power splitter, the fourth port linking, along the direction X, the transverse waveguide of the first power splitter to a transverse waveguide of a second adjacent power splitter.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1302549A FR3012918B1 (en) | 2013-11-04 | 2013-11-04 | TE CONNECTOR IN PLAN E, POWER DISTRIBUTOR, RADIANT ARRAY AND ANTENNA HAVING SUCH A COUPLER |
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EP2869396A1 EP2869396A1 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
EP2869396B1 true EP2869396B1 (en) | 2020-07-22 |
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US (1) | US9728863B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2869396B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6490397B2 (en) |
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CN106229597B (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2018-10-26 | 西北核技术研究所 | The low reflection waveguide magic T of ultra-compact high-isolation |
JP6988278B2 (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2022-01-05 | 日本電気株式会社 | Array antenna |
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2013
- 2013-11-04 FR FR1302549A patent/FR3012918B1/en active Active
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2014
- 2014-10-31 EP EP14191286.5A patent/EP2869396B1/en active Active
- 2014-10-31 ES ES14191286T patent/ES2819208T3/en active Active
- 2014-11-01 US US14/530,709 patent/US9728863B2/en active Active
- 2014-11-04 CA CA2869652A patent/CA2869652C/en active Active
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US3247512A (en) * | 1964-02-17 | 1966-04-19 | Lab For Electronics Inc | Microwave antenna |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2869652A1 (en) | 2015-05-04 |
CA2869652C (en) | 2022-04-19 |
US9728863B2 (en) | 2017-08-08 |
EP2869396A1 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
JP2015092665A (en) | 2015-05-14 |
FR3012918A1 (en) | 2015-05-08 |
US20150123867A1 (en) | 2015-05-07 |
JP6490397B2 (en) | 2019-03-27 |
FR3012918B1 (en) | 2018-03-23 |
ES2819208T3 (en) | 2021-04-15 |
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