EP2868548B1 - Method for monitoring the state of a switch in a train security system, and train securing system - Google Patents

Method for monitoring the state of a switch in a train security system, and train securing system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2868548B1
EP2868548B1 EP13190689.3A EP13190689A EP2868548B1 EP 2868548 B1 EP2868548 B1 EP 2868548B1 EP 13190689 A EP13190689 A EP 13190689A EP 2868548 B1 EP2868548 B1 EP 2868548B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit
signal
test signal
unit
protection system
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EP13190689.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2868548A1 (en
Inventor
Gabriel Cristian Ilie
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Thales Management and Services Deutschland GmbH
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Thales Management and Services Deutschland GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Thales Management and Services Deutschland GmbH filed Critical Thales Management and Services Deutschland GmbH
Priority to EP13190689.3A priority Critical patent/EP2868548B1/en
Priority to PL13190689T priority patent/PL2868548T3/en
Priority to SI201331344T priority patent/SI2868548T1/en
Priority to ES13190689T priority patent/ES2715330T3/en
Publication of EP2868548A1 publication Critical patent/EP2868548A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2868548B1 publication Critical patent/EP2868548B1/en
Priority to HRP20190357TT priority patent/HRP20190357T1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L1/00—Devices along the route controlled by interaction with the vehicle or train
    • B61L1/02—Electric devices associated with track, e.g. rail contacts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L27/00—Central railway traffic control systems; Trackside control; Communication systems specially adapted therefor
    • B61L27/60—Testing or simulation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L3/00—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal
    • B61L3/02—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control
    • B61L3/08—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically
    • B61L3/12—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using radio waves
    • B61L3/121—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using radio waves using magnetic induction
    • B61L2003/122—German standard for inductive train protection, called "Induktive Zugsicherung"[INDUSI]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L3/00—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal
    • B61L3/02—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control
    • B61L3/08—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically
    • B61L3/12—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using radio waves
    • B61L3/121—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using radio waves using magnetic induction
    • B61L2003/123—French standard for inductive train protection, called "Contrôle de vitesse par balises" [KVB]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for monitoring a circuit state of a switch in a circuit of a train protection system with a unit to be controlled, which is galvanically connected to the switch via a line.
  • the invention also relates to a train protection system with which this method can be carried out.
  • a vehicle magnet on-board unit - OBU.
  • the coil form together with a capacitor tuned to a specific frequency resonant circuit for inductive train protection (INDUSI resonant circuit).
  • INDUSI resonant circuit for inductive train protection
  • the vehicle magnet permanently generates an electromagnetic field with a frequency of 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz.
  • a voltage is induced in it.
  • the INDUSI resonant circuit is detuned to such an extent by closing a switch (PZB switch) connected in parallel with the resonant circuit that no influence is exerted on the vehicle device.
  • ECS European Rail Traffic Management System
  • DE 10 2009 060 947 A1 therefore proposes to equip the signal circuit with the switching contact to be monitored with a branch circuit which controls the supported by the railcar conventional train control system via a first output and provides the input information such as a balise over a second output. To realize this, a separate contact must be provided for each branch.
  • a disadvantage of this solution is that the doubling of the contacts deteriorates the availability of the circuit, since the components of both branches of the branch circuit must both be functional for the train protection system to function.
  • a test signal is injected by means of a transmitting device by induction in a signaling circuit.
  • a feedback signal is detected and evaluated, the evaluation by a filtering of the feedback signal and / or a mathematical correlation between the test signal and the feedback signal is performed, wherein based on the result of the evaluation, a statement regarding the circuit state is made.
  • the circuit of the train protection system is a signaling circuit which has at least one captive property. The inventive inductive coupling of the test signal, the properties and the availability of the circuit are not affected.
  • an AC signal of one or more predetermined frequency (s) can be used as a test signal.
  • the frequency of the test signal is chosen so that the test signal has no influence on the unit to be monitored.
  • the frequency of the test signal is preferably selected outside the resonant frequency of the INDUSI resonant circuit.
  • the test signal is induced in a line which connects a unit of the circuit to be controlled and the circuit switch to be monitored. Injection of the test signals is generally not done once but continuously or at predetermined intervals.
  • the induction of the test signal can be done for example via a transformer, preferably via a type of current clamp.
  • the line of the circuit acts as a secondary coil, in which by an induction coil (current clamp), a current signal (test signal) is induced.
  • a current measurement is preferably measured within the circuit containing the switch.
  • the voltage across the switch to be monitored can be detected.
  • the preferred method is current measurement or a combined current and voltage measurement.
  • the switch If the switch is closed, there is a closed circuit so that the test signal is affected by the impedance of the unit being monitored (e.g., an INDUSI resonant circuit).
  • the switch When the switch is open, the circuit is interrupted and the current flow stops, except for influences caused by side effects.
  • the detected feedback signal is then evaluated. This can be done, for example, by means of a filtering of the feedback signal in which frequencies which do not correspond to the frequency of the test signal are filtered out (bandpass), so that the influence of interference signals on the result can be reduced.
  • the filtered signal is then compared to the input signal, in particular in terms of amplitude, frequency and phase.
  • a receiver-side correlation of the feedback signal with a pattern of the test signal can be carried out, whereby the influence of interference signals can be eliminated.
  • conventional correlation techniques are suitable in the art, e.g. Cross-correlation.
  • the detection of the feedback signal preferably takes place inductively. It must therefore be made no interference with the existing circuit.
  • the injection and / or the detection of the test signal take place with the aid of a toroidal core.
  • the ring core forms a current clamp that works on the transformer principle.
  • the clamp acts as a magnetic transducer / current transformer.
  • the line of the circuit to be measured forms the "secondary winding”
  • the coil in the measuring device forms the primary winding.
  • the line of the circuit to be measured forms the "primary winding”
  • the coil in the measuring device the secondary winding in which a current is induced which is proportional to the current in the line of the circuit.
  • the current clamp can open particularly simple manner attached to the circuit and also removed again.
  • a particularly simple and energy-saving variant of the method according to the invention provides that an alternating-current signal having a defined frequency is injected as the test signal.
  • AC pulses can be injected as the test signal (pulse train).
  • AC pulses can be obtained, for example, by superimposing a plurality of AC signals with different frequencies.
  • possibly detected interference signals for example due to a passing railcar, can be better detected.
  • test signals are injected coded.
  • coded for example, multitones come into question.
  • the circuit states of a plurality of switches are monitored. This is necessary, for example, when connecting a combined 1000 Hz / 2000 Hz magnet.
  • test signal is injected into a common line section of two subcircuits, each comprising one of the switches, and that a separate feedback signal is detected outside the common line section for each monitored switch.
  • a separate feedback signal is detected outside the common line section for each monitored switch.
  • the voltages across the individual switches are measured.
  • the additional measurement of the voltage across the individual switches also allows the monitoring of two switches, which are not arranged in different subcircuits.
  • the feedback signals are preferably measured by means of redundant measuring devices (doubling of the receiving devices).
  • the method according to the invention is preferably carried out within a trackside electronic unit (LEU) for driving a balise, in particular a Eurobalise.
  • LEU trackside electronic unit
  • the result of the measurement is used together with other input data to select telegrams and these are transmitted to one or more balises.
  • the train protection system with a track-side signaling circuit in which a unit to be controlled with a switch via a line is electrically connected, characterized in that at a coupling point a transmitting device for inductive coupling of a test signal in the line of the circuit and at a decoupling a receiving device is provided for detecting a feedback signal.
  • an evaluation device for carrying out an evaluation of the feedback signal, in particular a frequency filtering of the feedback signal or a mathematical correlation of the feedback signal and the test signal is provided.
  • a plurality of circuits are provided with corresponding transmitting and receiving devices which are mounted along a track (track side equipment).
  • the switch of the circuit is preferably a switch for selective train control (PZB switch).
  • PZB switch selective train control
  • At least one capacitor is connected in parallel to the unit to be controlled between the coupling point and the coupling-out point.
  • a subcircuit which includes the switch, the capacity, and the coupling and decoupling.
  • the unit to be controlled means may be used which is not or only poorly permeable to the test signal, e.g. a 500 Hz INDUSI magnet arrangement (resonant circuit) when using test signals with frequencies in the kHz range, in particular between 5 kHz and 100 kHz. if the frequency of the test signal is at least one order of magnitude larger than the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit of the unit to be controlled.
  • the capacity can in principle be formed by two line sections. Preferably, however, a low-capacitance line is used, in which a capacitor is connected. In order to influence the unit to be controlled as little as possible, the capacity is small, preferably in the nF range, in particular less than 15nF.
  • the circuit has a plurality of switches connected in series with one another.
  • the circuit comprises a plurality of subcircuits, which have a common line section, each subcircuit comprising one of the switches and a capacitor connected in parallel with the unit to be controlled and a point between the switches and a receiving device, the coupling point is arranged in the common line section and the decoupling points are arranged outside of the common line section.
  • the capacitors are connected in series with each other, whereby the series connection of the capacitors with respect to the unit to be controlled is parallel is switched.
  • the unit to be controlled therefore only sees a capacity which is smaller than the smallest of the series-connected capacities.
  • the evaluation device can consist of several locally separated components.
  • the receiving device, the detection device and the evaluation device are parts of a track-side electronic unit.
  • the train protection system is equipped with at least one balise, preferably a Euro-balise, which is connected to the track-side electronic unit, preferably galvanically.
  • a vehicle-side receiving unit is provided for wireless reception of the information transmitted by the balise, in particular of telegrams.
  • the train protection system is a European Train Control System (ETCS).
  • ECS European Train Control System
  • the balises are mounted on the track and each include a transponder.
  • the unit to be controlled comprises a resonant circuit, in particular an INDUSI resonant circuit.
  • INDUSI resonant circuits used for train protection systems usually have resonance frequencies of 500Hz, 1kHz or 2kHz.
  • Fig. 1 shows the basic structure of a trackside circuit 1 of the train control system according to the invention.
  • the circuit 1 comprises a unit 2 to be controlled and a binary switch 3 , which are electrically connected to one another via a line 4 .
  • the switch 3 is part of a Interlocking SW , which is responsible for the switching of track signals.
  • a test signal is injected into the circuit 1.
  • an AC signal is generated by a voltage generator and induced at a coupling point 5 via a transmitting device (here by means of a current clamp 6 ) in the line 4.
  • a receiving device is arranged (here in the form of another current clamp 8 ), by means of which a feedback signal can be detected.
  • the current clamp 6 and the further current clamp 8 are connected in series with the switch 3 and the unit 2 to be controlled, so that a change in the resistances in the circuit 1 (by opening and closing of the switch 3) directly affects the feedback signal.
  • the detected feedback signal is processed by means of an evaluation device 9 , for example, filtered or the test signal is subjected to a correlation together with the feedback signal.
  • Fig. 2 shows a detailed circuit diagram of the in Fig. 1 shown circuit 1, which was used for test measurements with the inductors used L1, L2 L3, L4, L5 of the detection device (L1, L2), the unit to be controlled 2 (L3) and the transmitting device (L4, L5), with the resistors used R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 of the transmitting device (RL5), the unit 2 to be controlled (R4) of the detection device (R1, RL1) and the switch 3 (R6) and the used capacitance C1 of the unit 2 to be controlled.
  • a test signal of the frequency of 30 kHz was injected.
  • the unit 2 to be controlled is in the form of an INDUSI resonant circuit with a resonance frequency of 500 Hz.
  • Fig. 3a shows the course of the injected via the transmitting device test signal.
  • a current signal of the same frequency with reduced amplitude and ev. Shifted phase is detected as a feedback signal.
  • the switch closed the unit to be controlled 2 (off Fig. 2 ) for the injected test signal having a frequency outside the resonant frequency of the unit 2 to be controlled small impedance for.
  • the more measured feedback signals (current / voltage) are in Fig. 3b , c shown.
  • the frequency of the test signal can be chosen arbitrarily in principle outside the resonance frequency. It is crucial that the unit 2 to be controlled is not disturbed by the test signal in its functionality. If the switch 3 is open (restrictive mode), then the circuit is interrupted.
  • the measured feedback signals ( Fig. 3d , e ) therefore have a correspondingly low amplitude.
  • Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of the circuit 1 'according to the invention, which can also be operated with a unit to be controlled 2' , which is not or only poorly transparent for AC signals, such as a 500 Hz INDUSI magnet.
  • the unit 2 'to be controlled is bridged with a capacitor 9 , so that a partial circuit 10 (switch - transmitter - capacitance - receiver) is formed.
  • a high frequency preferably in the kHz range, in particular between 5 kHz and 100 kHz should be used for the test signal.
  • Fig. 5 shows a circuit 1 "according to the invention with two series-connected switches 2a , 2b Within the circuit 1 " two subcircuits 10a , 10b are formed, each subcircuit 10a, 10b one of the switches 2a, 2b, a capacitor 9a , 9b (here: Capacitors) and a receiving device, each with a current clamp 8a , 8b at outcoupling points 7a , 7b includes.
  • the capacitors 9a, 9b are connected in series with each other, wherein the series connection of capacitors 9a, 9b is connected in parallel to the unit 2 'to be controlled.
  • the subcircuits 10a, 10b have a common line section 11 , in which the current clamp 6 of the transmitting device is connected.
  • the current clamps 8a, 8b of the receiving devices are each connected to a line section, which is assigned to only one of the subcircuits 10a, 10b. In this way, a feedback signal can be detected by means of each receiving device which gives information about the circuit state exactly one of the switches 2a, 2b.
  • Fig. 6 shows a further embodiment of a circuit 1 '"according to the invention with two switches 2a, 2b
  • the circuit 1"' is not divided into subcircuits.
  • the voltages across the individual switches 2a, 2b are measured by means of a respective voltage measuring device.
  • Safety resistors 13 are preferably connected upstream of the voltage measuring devices, in particular high-resistance resistors in order to minimize the influence on the circuit.
  • the voltmeter shows L (low) when correspondingly switch 2a, 2b is closed and H (high) when the corresponding switch 2a, 2b is open. Since in this embodiment, both detection of a feedback signal by means of the receiving device as well as voltage measurements on each of the switches 2a, 2b take place, more components are required in total than in the in Fig. 5 bristled embodiment, with in Fig. 6 However, in certain constellations, the circuit states of the switches 2a, 2b can be determined correctly despite a defect of a measuring device. In the following, various measuring devices are assumed to be defective. The table below shows which circuit states are determined by the evaluation device.
  • Fig. 7 shows the main components an ETCS train control system according to the invention, with the inventive circuit 1, 1 ', 1 ", 1"' (s. Fig. 1 . 2 . 4, 5 . 6 ) Is provided.
  • a path signal 14 is detected by means of the switch 3, 3a, 3b (s. Fig. 1 . 2 . 4, 5 . 6 ) of the interlocking SW.
  • the unit 2, 2 'to be controlled eg an INDUSI magnet
  • the switching state of the switch 3, 3a, 3b is inventively detected by the trackside electronic unit LEU, which in turn generates a telegram, which is transmitted to a balise 15 , which is mounted on the track 16 .
  • the trains are each equipped with a vehicle-side receiving unit OBU , which receives the telegram when crossing the balise 15, so that the train can be influenced according to the switching state of the path signal 14.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Description

Hintergrund der ErfindungBackground of the invention

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Überwachung eines Schaltungszustands eines Schalters in einem Schaltkreis eines Zugsicherungssystems mit einer zu steuernden Einheit, die mit dem Schalter über eine Leitung galvanisch verbunden ist. Die Erfindung betrifft auch ein Zugsicherungssystem, mit dem dieses Verfahren ausgeführt werden kann.The invention relates to a method for monitoring a circuit state of a switch in a circuit of a train protection system with a unit to be controlled, which is galvanically connected to the switch via a line. The invention also relates to a train protection system with which this method can be carried out.

Um einen sicheren Zugverkehr zu gewährleisten, werden im Zugverkehr Zugsicherungssysteme eingesetzt. Ein schaltkontaktgesteuertes Zugsicherungssystem ist bekannt aus DE 10 2009 060 947 A1 .In order to ensure safe train traffic, train safety systems are used on the train. A switch-contact-controlled train protection system is known from DE 10 2009 060 947 A1 ,

Zur punktuellen Zugbeeinflussung (PZB) sind Triebfahrzeuge mit einem Fahrzeugmagneten ausgestatten (On-Board Unit - OBU). Entlang eines Gleises sind Gleismagnete angebracht, deren Spule zusammen mit einem Kondensator einen auf eine bestimmte Frequenz abgestimmten Schwingkreis zur induktiven Zugsicherung (INDUSI-Schwingkreis) bilden. Der Fahrzeugmagnet erzeugt permanent ein elektromagnetisches Feld mit einer Frequenz von 500, 1000 und 2000 Hz. Beim Überfahren eines Gleismagneten wird in diesem eine Spannung induziert. Im Resonanzfall - wenn die Frequenz des Fahrzeugmagneten derjenigen des Gleismagneten entspricht - fällt die Spannung in der Fahrzeugausrüstung stark ab und ein in deren Stromkreis liegendes Impulsrelais spricht an. Bei freier Strecke wird der INDUSI-Schwingkreis durch Schließen eines parallel zum Schwingkreis geschalteten Schalters (PZB-Schalter) soweit verstimmt, dass keine Beeinflussung des Fahrzeuggerätes erfolgt.For selective train control (PZB) locomotives are equipped with a vehicle magnet (on-board unit - OBU). Along a track track magnets are mounted, the coil form together with a capacitor tuned to a specific frequency resonant circuit for inductive train protection (INDUSI resonant circuit). The vehicle magnet permanently generates an electromagnetic field with a frequency of 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz. When passing over a track magnet, a voltage is induced in it. In the case of resonance - when the frequency of the vehicle magnet corresponds to that of the track magnet - the voltage in the vehicle equipment drops sharply and a pulse relay in its circuit responds. In the case of a free route, the INDUSI resonant circuit is detuned to such an extent by closing a switch (PZB switch) connected in parallel with the resonant circuit that no influence is exerted on the vehicle device.

In Europa ist eine Vielzahl an Zugsicherungssystemen entwickelt worden, die teilweise untereinander nicht kompatibel sind. Triebwagen, die grenzüberschreitende Strecken fahren, müssen daher mit mehreren Zugsicherungssystemen ausgerüstet sein. Dies ist jedoch mit hohen Kosten verbunden. Alternativ dazu kann der Triebwagen auch an der Grenze ausgewechselt werden, was jedoch sehr viel Zeit kostet.In Europe, a large number of train control systems have been developed, some of which are incompatible with each other. Railcars operating cross-border routes must therefore be equipped with several train protection systems. However, this is associated with high costs. Alternatively, the railcar can be replaced at the border, but this costs a lot of time.

Um dieses Problem zu lösen, wurde ein einheitliches europäisches Eisenbahnverkehrsleitsystems (ETCS) entwickelt, mit dem neugebaute Strecken ausgerüstet werden müssen. Dabei wird das an den Triebwagen zu übertragende Signal von Eurobalisen mittels Transponder zur On-Board Unit im Triebwagen übertragen, sobald ein Triebwagen über die gleisseitig montierte Balise fährt. Die Eurobalisen werden mit einer Signalschalteinheit (LEU) an die Signale angeschlossen.To solve this problem, a single European Rail Traffic Management System (ETCS) has been developed to equip newly built lines. Here, the signal to be transmitted to the railcar Eurobalisen by means of transponder to the on-board unit in the railcar, as soon as a railcar drives over the track mounted Balise. The Eurobalises are connected to the signals with a signal switching unit (LEU).

Um die Nachrüstung der bestehenden Streckenabschnitte mit möglichst geringem technischem und finanziellem Aufwand zu realisieren, sollen die bislang vorhandenen betrieblichen Abläufe und Vorrichtungen weitgehend erhalten bleiben. DE 10 2009 060 947 A1 schlägt daher vor, den Signalstromkreis mit der zu überwachenden Schaltkontakt mit einer Verzweigungsschaltung auszustatten, welche über einen ersten Ausgang das von dem Triebwagen unterstützte herkömmliche Zugsicherungssystem ansteuert und über einen zweiten Ausgang die Eingangsinformation z.B. für eine Balise zur Verfügung stellt. Um dies zu realisieren, muss für jede Verzweigung ein separater Kontakt vorgesehen sein.In order to realize the retrofitting of existing sections with the least possible technical and financial expense, the previously existing operational procedures and devices should be largely maintained. DE 10 2009 060 947 A1 therefore proposes to equip the signal circuit with the switching contact to be monitored with a branch circuit which controls the supported by the railcar conventional train control system via a first output and provides the input information such as a balise over a second output. To realize this, a separate contact must be provided for each branch.

Nachteilig an dieser Lösung ist, dass durch die Verdopplung der Kontakte die Verfügbarkeit des Schaltkreises verschlechtert wird, da die Komponenten beider Verzweigungen der Verzweigungsschaltung beide funktionsfähig sein müssen, damit das Zugsicherungssystem funktioniert.A disadvantage of this solution is that the doubling of the contacts deteriorates the availability of the circuit, since the components of both branches of the branch circuit must both be functional for the train protection system to function.

Aus der DE 10 2011 003 279 A1 ist ein System und Verfahren zum Testen von elektronischen Komponenten bekannt, wobei ein Wechselstromtestsignal über eine kapazitive Koppelung in einen elektrischen Stromkreis eingespeist wird.From the DE 10 2011 003 279 A1 For example, a system and method for testing electronic components is known wherein an AC test signal is fed via capacitive coupling into an electrical circuit.

Aufgabe der ErfindungObject of the invention

Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren sowie ein Zugsicherungssystem vorzuschlagen, mit welchem der Schaltungszustand eines Schaltkontaktes eines Zugsicherungssystems, insbesondere mittels ETCS, überwacht werden kann, ohne die Verfügbarkeit des Schaltkreises zu beeinträchtigen.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method and a train protection system, with which the circuit state of a switching contact of a train protection system, in particular by means of ETCS, can be monitored without affecting the availability of the circuit.

Beschreibung der ErfindungDescription of the invention

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 sowie durch ein Zugsicherungssystem gemäß Anspruch: 11 gelöst. Erfindungsgemäß wird ein Testsignal mittels einer Sendeeinrichtung durch Induktion in einen signaltechnischen Schaltkreis injiziert. Über eine Empfangseinrichtung wird ein Feedbacksignal detektiert und ausgewertet, wobei die Auswertung durch eine Filterung des Feedbacksignals und/oder über eine mathematische Korrelation zwischen dem Testsignal und dem Feedbacksignal vorgenommen wird, wobei anhand des Ergebnisses der Auswertung eine Aussage bezüglich des Schaltungszustandes getroffen wird. Erfindungsgemäß handelt es sich bei dem Schaltkreis des Zugsicherungssystems um einen signaltechnischen Schaltkreis, der zumindest eine unverlierbare Eigenschaft aufweist. Durch die erfindungsgemäße induktive Einkopplung des Testsignals werden die Eigenschaften und die Verfügbarkeit des Schaltkreises nicht beeinflusst.This object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 and by a train protection system according to claim: 11. According to the invention, a test signal is injected by means of a transmitting device by induction in a signaling circuit. Via a receiving device, a feedback signal is detected and evaluated, the evaluation by a filtering of the feedback signal and / or a mathematical correlation between the test signal and the feedback signal is performed, wherein based on the result of the evaluation, a statement regarding the circuit state is made. According to the invention, the circuit of the train protection system is a signaling circuit which has at least one captive property. The inventive inductive coupling of the test signal, the properties and the availability of the circuit are not affected.

Als Testsignal kann ein Wechselstromsignal einer oder mehrerer vorgegebenen Frequenz(en) verwendet werden. Die Frequenz des Testsignals wird dabei so gewählt, dass das Testsignal keinen Einfluss auf die zu überwachenden Einheit hat. Für den Fall, dass die zu überwachende Einheit ein INDUSI Schwingkreis ist, wird die Frequenz des Testsignals vorzugsweise außerhalb der Resonanzfrequenz des INDUSI Schwingkreis gewählt.As a test signal, an AC signal of one or more predetermined frequency (s) can be used. The frequency of the test signal is chosen so that the test signal has no influence on the unit to be monitored. In the event that the unit to be monitored is an INDUSI resonant circuit, the frequency of the test signal is preferably selected outside the resonant frequency of the INDUSI resonant circuit.

Es ist auch möglich, dass als Testsignal ein Wechselstromsignal mit mehreren festgelegten Frequenzen injiziert wird.It is also possible that an alternating current signal having a plurality of fixed frequencies is injected as the test signal.

Das Testsignal wird erfindungsgemäß in eine Leitung, die eine zu steuernden Einheit des Schaltkreises und den zu überwachenden Schalter des Schaltkreises miteinander verbindet, induziert. Das Injizieren der Testsignale erfolgt im Allgemeinen nicht einmalig, sondern kontinuierlich oder in vorher festgelegten zeitlichen Abständen. Die Induktion des Testsignals kann beispielsweise über einen Transformator erfolgen, vorzugsweise über eine Art Stromzange. Dabei fungiert die Leitung des Schaltkreises als Sekundärspule, in der durch eine Induktionsspule (Stromzange) ein Stromsignal (Testsignal) induziert wird.According to the invention, the test signal is induced in a line which connects a unit of the circuit to be controlled and the circuit switch to be monitored. Injection of the test signals is generally not done once but continuously or at predetermined intervals. The induction of the test signal can be done for example via a transformer, preferably via a type of current clamp. In this case, the line of the circuit acts as a secondary coil, in which by an induction coil (current clamp), a current signal (test signal) is induced.

Mit Hilfe der Empfangseinrichtung wird vorzugsweise eine Strommessung innerhalb des den Schalter beinhaltenden Stromkreises gemessen. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann eine Detektion der Spannung über dem zu überwachenden Schalter erfolgen. Die bevorzugte Methode ist Strommessung oder eine kombinierte Strom- und Spannungsmessung.With the aid of the receiving device, a current measurement is preferably measured within the circuit containing the switch. Alternatively or additionally, the voltage across the switch to be monitored can be detected. The preferred method is current measurement or a combined current and voltage measurement.

Falls der Schalter geschlossen ist, liegt ein geschlossener Stromkreis vor, so dass das Testsignal durch die Impedanz der zu überwachenden Einheit (z.B. einem INDUSI Schwingkreis) beeinflusst wird. Ist der Schalter geöffnet, ist der Stromkreis unterbrochen und der Stromfluss kommt bis auf durch Nebeneffekte verursachte Einflüsse zum Erliegen.If the switch is closed, there is a closed circuit so that the test signal is affected by the impedance of the unit being monitored (e.g., an INDUSI resonant circuit). When the switch is open, the circuit is interrupted and the current flow stops, except for influences caused by side effects.

Das detektierte Feedbacksignal wird anschließend ausgewertet. Dies kann beispielsweise mittels einer Filterung des Feedbacksignals durchgeführt werden, bei der Frequenzen, die nicht der Frequenz des Testsignals entsprachen herausgefiltert werden (Bandpass), so dass der Einfluss von Störsignalen auf das Ergebnis reduziert werden kann. Das gefilterte Signal wird dann mit dem Eingangssignal verglichen, insbesondere hinsichtlich Amplitude, Frequenz und Phase. Alternativ oder zusätzlich zur Filterung kann eine empfängerseitige Korrelation des Feedbacksignals mit einem Muster des Testsignals durchgeführt werden, wodurch der Einfluss von Störsignalen eliminiert werden kann. Als Korrelation kommen in der Technik übliche Korrelationsverfahren in Frage, z.B. Kreuzkorrelation. Über die oben beschriebene Auswertung des Feedbacksignals (unter Berücksichtigung des Testsignals) kann erkannt werden, ob der Schalter offen oder geschlossen ist.The detected feedback signal is then evaluated. This can be done, for example, by means of a filtering of the feedback signal in which frequencies which do not correspond to the frequency of the test signal are filtered out (bandpass), so that the influence of interference signals on the result can be reduced. The filtered signal is then compared to the input signal, in particular in terms of amplitude, frequency and phase. Alternatively or additionally to the filtering, a receiver-side correlation of the feedback signal with a pattern of the test signal can be carried out, whereby the influence of interference signals can be eliminated. As correlation, conventional correlation techniques are suitable in the art, e.g. Cross-correlation. By evaluating the feedback signal as described above (taking into account the test signal), it can be detected whether the switch is open or closed.

Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Detektion des Feedbacksignals induktiv. Es müssen somit keine Eingriffe in den bereits vorhandenen Schaltkreis vorgenommen werden.The detection of the feedback signal preferably takes place inductively. It must therefore be made no interference with the existing circuit.

Bei einer besonders bevorzugten Variante des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens erfolgen die Injektion und/oder die Detektion des Testsignals mit Hilfe eines Ringkerns. Der Ringkern bildet eine Stromzange, die nach dem Transformator-Prinzip funktioniert. Die Stromzange fungiert hierbei als magnetischer Messwandler/Stromwandler. Im Falle der Injektion bildet die zu vermessende Leitung des Schaltkreises die "Sekundärwicklung", die Spule im Messgerät die Primärwicklung. Im Falle der Detektion bildet die zu vermessende Leitung des Schaltkreises die "Primärwicklung", die Spule im Messgerät die Sekundärwicklung, in der ein Strom induziert wird, der proportional zum Strom in der Leitung des Schaltkreises ist. Die Stromzange kann auf besonders einfache Weise am Schaltkreis angebracht und auch wieder entfernt werden.In a particularly preferred variant of the method according to the invention, the injection and / or the detection of the test signal take place with the aid of a toroidal core. The ring core forms a current clamp that works on the transformer principle. The clamp acts as a magnetic transducer / current transformer. In the case of injection, the line of the circuit to be measured forms the "secondary winding", the coil in the measuring device forms the primary winding. In the case of detection, the line of the circuit to be measured forms the "primary winding", the coil in the measuring device the secondary winding in which a current is induced which is proportional to the current in the line of the circuit. The current clamp can open particularly simple manner attached to the circuit and also removed again.

Eine besonders einfache und energiesparende Variante des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sieht vor, dass als Testsignal ein Wechselstromsignal mit einer festgelegten Frequenz injiziert wird.A particularly simple and energy-saving variant of the method according to the invention provides that an alternating-current signal having a defined frequency is injected as the test signal.

Alternativ hierzu können als Testsignal Wechselstrom-Impulse injiziert werden (Impulsfolge). Wechselstrom-Impulse können bspw. durch Überlagerung mehrere Wechselstromsignale mit unterschiedlichen Frequenzen erhalten werden. Bei dieser Variante können eventuell detektierte Störsignale, bspw. aufgrund eines vorbeifahrenden Triebwagens, besser erkannt werden.Alternatively, AC pulses can be injected as the test signal (pulse train). AC pulses can be obtained, for example, by superimposing a plurality of AC signals with different frequencies. In this variant, possibly detected interference signals, for example due to a passing railcar, can be better detected.

Zur Unterdrückung von Störsignalen ist es auch vorteilhaft, wenn die Testsignale kodiert injiziert werden. Als Kodierung kommen bspw.: Multitone in Frage.To suppress interference signals, it is also advantageous if the test signals are injected coded. As coding, for example, multitones come into question.

Bei einer speziellen Variante des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden die Schaltungszustände mehrerer Schalter überwacht. Dies ist beispielsweise erforderlich bei der Anschaltung eines kombinierten 1000 Hz/2000 Hz Magneten.In a special variant of the method according to the invention, the circuit states of a plurality of switches are monitored. This is necessary, for example, when connecting a combined 1000 Hz / 2000 Hz magnet.

Eine bevorzugte Variante sieht vor, dass das Testsignal in einen gemeinsamen Leitungsabschnitt zweier Teilschaltkreise, die jeweils einen der Schalter umfassen, injiziert wird, und dass für jeden überwachten Schalter ein separates Feedbacksignal außerhalb des gemeinsamen Leitungsabschnitts detektiert wird. Durch das Injizieren des Testsignals in einen gemeinsamen Leitungsabschnitt, kann dasselbe Testsignal zur Ermittlung der Schaltungszustände beider Schalter verwendet werden. Die Feedbacksignale werden für jeden Schalter separat detektiert. Die Auskoppelstellen befinden sich daher an Leitungsabschnitten, die jeweils nur einem der Teilschaltkreise zuzuordnen sind.A preferred variant provides that the test signal is injected into a common line section of two subcircuits, each comprising one of the switches, and that a separate feedback signal is detected outside the common line section for each monitored switch. By injecting the test signal into a common line section, the same test signal can be used to determine the circuit states of both switches. The feedback signals are detected separately for each switch. The decoupling points are therefore located on line sections, which are each assigned to only one of the subcircuits.

Um die Verlässlichkeit des Verfahrens zu erhöhen, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Spannungen über den einzelnen Schaltern gemessen werden. Die zusätzliche Messung der Spannung über den einzelnen Schaltern ermöglicht auch die Überwachung zweier Schalter, die nicht in unterschiedlichen Teilschaltkreisen angeordnet sind.In order to increase the reliability of the method, it is advantageous if the voltages across the individual switches are measured. The additional measurement of the voltage across the individual switches also allows the monitoring of two switches, which are not arranged in different subcircuits.

Um bei einem Fehler eines der für die Detektion der Feedbacksignale verantwortlichen Messgeräte jegliche Fehlinterpretation der Feedbacksignale zu vermeiden, werden vorzugsweise die Feedbacksignale mittels redundanter Messgeräte gemessen (Verdopplung der Empfangseinrichtungen).In order to avoid any misinterpretation of the feedback signals in the case of a fault of one of the measuring devices responsible for the detection of the feedback signals, the feedback signals are preferably measured by means of redundant measuring devices (doubling of the receiving devices).

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird vorzugsweise innerhalb einer streckenseitigen elektronischen Einheit (LEU) zur Ansteuerung einer Balise, insbesondere einer Eurobalise, durchgeführt. Das Ergebnis der Messung wird zusammen mit weiteren Eingangsdaten zur Auswahl von Telegrammen verwendet und diese an eine oder mehrere Balisen übermittelt.The method according to the invention is preferably carried out within a trackside electronic unit (LEU) for driving a balise, in particular a Eurobalise. The result of the measurement is used together with other input data to select telegrams and these are transmitted to one or more balises.

Das erfindungsgemäße Zugsicherungssystem mit einem streckenseitigen signaltechnischen Schaltkreis in dem eine zu steuernden Einheit mit einem Schalter über eine Leitung galvanisch verbunden ist, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an einer Einkoppelstelle eine Sendeeinrichtung zur induktiven Einkopplung eines Testsignals in die Leitung des Schaltkreises und an einer Auskoppelstelle eine Empfangseinrichtung zur Detektion eines Feedbacksignals vorgesehen ist. Darüber hinaus ist erfindungsgemäß eine Auswerteeinrichtung zur Durchführung einer Auswertung des Feedbacksignals, insbesondere einer Frequenzfilterung des Feedbacksignals oder einer mathematischen Korrelation des Feedbacksignals und des Testsignals, vorgesehen. Vorzugsweise ist eine Vielzahl von Schaltkreisen mit entsprechenden Sende- und Empfangseinrichtungen vorgesehen, die entlang eines Gleises angebracht sind (Track Side Equipment). Bei dem Schalter des Schaltkreises handelt es sich vorzugsweise um einen Schalter zur punktuellen Zugbeeinflussung (PZB-Schalter). Derartige Schalter weisen unverlierbare Eigenschaften auf: Die Empfangseinrichtung ist vorzugsweise zur induktiven Detektion, insbesondere als Stromzange, ausgebildet.The train protection system according to the invention with a track-side signaling circuit in which a unit to be controlled with a switch via a line is electrically connected, characterized in that at a coupling point a transmitting device for inductive coupling of a test signal in the line of the circuit and at a decoupling a receiving device is provided for detecting a feedback signal. In addition, according to the invention an evaluation device for carrying out an evaluation of the feedback signal, in particular a frequency filtering of the feedback signal or a mathematical correlation of the feedback signal and the test signal is provided. Preferably, a plurality of circuits are provided with corresponding transmitting and receiving devices which are mounted along a track (track side equipment). The switch of the circuit is preferably a switch for selective train control (PZB switch). Such switches have captive properties: the receiving device is preferably designed for inductive detection, in particular as a current clamp.

Bei einer speziellen Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Zugsicherungssystems ist vorgesehen, dass zwischen Einkoppelstelle und Auskoppelstelle mindestens eine Kapazität parallel zur zu steuernden Einheit geschaltet ist. Es ergibt sich also ein Teilschaltkreis, der den Schalter, die Kapazität, sowie die Einkoppel- und die Auskoppelstelle umfasst. Auf diese Weise kann als zu steuernde Einheit eine Einrichtung verwendet werden, die für das Testsignals nicht oder nur schlecht durchlässig ist, z.B. eine 500Hz INDUSI Magnetanordnung (Schwingkreis) bei Verwendung von Testsignalen mit Frequenzen, im kHz-Bereich, insbesondere zwischen 5kHz und 100kHz.wenn also die Frequenz des Testsignals mindestens eine Größenordnung größer ist als die Resonanzfrequenz des Schwingkreises der zu steuernden Einheit. Die Kapazität kann im Prinzip durch zwei Leitungsabschnitte gebildet sein. Vorzugsweise wird jedoch eine kapazitätsarmes Leitung verwendet, in der ein Kondensator verschaltet ist. Um die zu steuernde Einheit möglichst wenig zu beeinflussen, wird die Kapazität klein, vorzugsweise im nF-Bereich, insbesondere kleiner als 15nF gewählt.In a specific embodiment of the train control system according to the invention, it is provided that at least one capacitor is connected in parallel to the unit to be controlled between the coupling point and the coupling-out point. This results in a subcircuit, which includes the switch, the capacity, and the coupling and decoupling. In this way, as the unit to be controlled, means may be used which is not or only poorly permeable to the test signal, e.g. a 500 Hz INDUSI magnet arrangement (resonant circuit) when using test signals with frequencies in the kHz range, in particular between 5 kHz and 100 kHz. if the frequency of the test signal is at least one order of magnitude larger than the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit of the unit to be controlled. The capacity can in principle be formed by two line sections. Preferably, however, a low-capacitance line is used, in which a capacitor is connected. In order to influence the unit to be controlled as little as possible, the capacity is small, preferably in the nF range, in particular less than 15nF.

Bei einer speziellen Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Zugsicherungssystem weist der Schaltkreis mehrere zueinander in Serie geschaltete Schalter auf.In a specific embodiment of the train control system according to the invention, the circuit has a plurality of switches connected in series with one another.

Eine Weiterbildung dieser Ausführungsform sieht vor, dass der Schaltkreis mehrere Teilschaltkreise umfasst, die einen gemeinsamen Leitungsabschnitt aufweisen, wobei jeder Teilschaltkreis einen der Schalter und eine zur zu steuernden Einheit und zu einem Punkt zwischen den Schaltern parallel geschaltete Kapazität sowie eine Empfangseinrichtung umfasst, wobei die Einkoppelstelle in dem gemeinsamen Leitungsabschnitt angeordnet ist und die Auskoppelstellen außerhalb des gemeinsamen Leitungsabschnitts angeordnet sind. Die Kapazitäten sind zueinander in Serie geschaltet wobei die Serienschaltung der Kapazitäten bezüglich der zu steuernden Einheit parallel geschaltet ist. Die zu steuernde Einheit sieht daher lediglich eine Kapazität, die kleiner ist als die kleinste der in Serie geschalteten Kapazitäten. Diese Ausführungsform ermöglicht die Überwachung von zwei Schaltern mittels eines gemeinsamen Feedbacksignals.A further development of this embodiment provides that the circuit comprises a plurality of subcircuits, which have a common line section, each subcircuit comprising one of the switches and a capacitor connected in parallel with the unit to be controlled and a point between the switches and a receiving device, the coupling point is arranged in the common line section and the decoupling points are arranged outside of the common line section. The capacitors are connected in series with each other, whereby the series connection of the capacitors with respect to the unit to be controlled is parallel is switched. The unit to be controlled therefore only sees a capacity which is smaller than the smallest of the series-connected capacities. This embodiment enables the monitoring of two switches by means of a common feedback signal.

Die Auswerteeinrichtung kann aus mehreren örtlich getrennten Komponenten bestehen. Bei einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind die Empfangseinrichtung, die Detektionseinrichtung und die Auswerteeinrichtung Teile einer streckenseitigen elektronischen Einheit.The evaluation device can consist of several locally separated components. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the receiving device, the detection device and the evaluation device are parts of a track-side electronic unit.

Bei einer Weiterbildung dieser Ausführungsform ist das Zugsicherungssystem mit mindestens einer Balise, vorzugsweise einer Euro-Balise, ausgestattet, die mit der streckenseitigen elektronischen Einheit, vorzugsweise galvanisch, verbunden ist. Darüber hinaus ist bei dieser Weiterbildung eine fahrzeugseitige Empfangseinheit vorgesehen zum drahtlosen Empfang von den von der Balise übermittelten Informationen, insbesondere von Telegrammen. Vorzugsweise handelt es sich bei dem Zugsicherungssystem um ein European Train Control System (ETCS). Die Balisen sind am Gleis montiert und umfassen jeweils einen Transponder.In a further development of this embodiment, the train protection system is equipped with at least one balise, preferably a Euro-balise, which is connected to the track-side electronic unit, preferably galvanically. In addition, in this development, a vehicle-side receiving unit is provided for wireless reception of the information transmitted by the balise, in particular of telegrams. Preferably, the train protection system is a European Train Control System (ETCS). The balises are mounted on the track and each include a transponder.

Bei einer speziellen Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Zugsicherungssystems umfasst die zu steuernde Einheit einen Schwingkreis, insbesondere einen INDUSI-Schwingkreis. INDUSI-Schwingkreise, die für Zugsicherungssysteme eingesetzt werden, weisen üblicherweise Resonanzfrequenzen von 500Hz, 1kHz oder 2kHz auf.In a specific embodiment of the train control system according to the invention, the unit to be controlled comprises a resonant circuit, in particular an INDUSI resonant circuit. INDUSI resonant circuits used for train protection systems usually have resonance frequencies of 500Hz, 1kHz or 2kHz.

Weitere Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung und der Zeichnung. Ebenso können die vorstehend genannten und die noch weiter ausgeführten Merkmale erfindungsgemäß jeweils einzeln für sich oder zu mehreren in beliebigen Kombinationen Verwendung finden. Die gezeigten und beschriebenen Ausführungsformen sind nicht als abschließende Aufzählung zu verstehen, sondern haben vielmehr beispielhaften Charakter für die Schilderung der Erfindung.Further advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description and the drawings. Likewise, according to the invention, the above-mentioned features and those which are still further developed can each be used individually for themselves or for a plurality of combinations of any kind. The embodiments shown and described are not to be understood as exhaustive enumeration, but rather have exemplary character for the description of the invention.

Detaillierte Beschreibung der Erfindung und ZeichnungDetailed description of the invention and drawing

FIG. 1FIG. 1
zeigt einen streckenseitigen Schaltkreis einer einfachen Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Zugsicherungssystems;shows a track-side circuit of a simple embodiment of the train control system according to the invention;
Fig. 2Fig. 2
zeigt das Schaltbild eines erfindungsgemäßen streckenseitigen Schaltkreises, mit dem Testmessungen durchgeführt wurden.shows the circuit diagram of a track-side circuit according to the invention, were carried out with the test measurements.
Fig. 3aFig. 3a
zeigt den Spannungsverlauf eines injizierten Testsignals.shows the voltage curve of an injected test signal.
Fig. 3b-cFig. 3b-c
zeigen den Strom- bzw. den Spannungsverlauf eines detektierten Feedbacksignals bei geschlossenem Schalter (permissive mode).show the current or the voltage curve of a detected feedback signal with the switch closed (permissive mode).
Fig. 3d-eFig. 3d-e
zeigen den Strom- bzw. den Spannungsverlauf eines detektierten Feedbacksignals bei geöffnetem Schalter (restrictive mode).show the current or the voltage curve of a detected feedback signal when the switch is open (restrictive mode).
Fig. 4Fig. 4
zeigt einen streckenseitigen Schaltkreis einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Zugsicherungssystems mit einer Überbrückungskapazität.shows a trackside circuit of another embodiment of the train control system according to the invention with a bridging capacity.
Fig. 5Fig. 5
zeigt einen streckenseitigen Schaltkreis einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Zugsicherungssystems mit zwei überwachten Schaltern.shows a trackside circuit of another embodiment of the train control system according to the invention with two monitored switches.
Fig. 6Fig. 6
zeigt einen streckenseitigen Schaltkreis einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Zugsicherungssystems mit zwei überwachten Schaltern mit zusätzlicher Spannungsmessung.shows a trackside circuit of another embodiment of the train control system according to the invention with two monitored switches with additional voltage measurement.
Fig. 7Fig. 7
zeigt die Komponenten eines ETCS Zugsicherungssystems.shows the components of an ETCS train protection system.

Fig. 1 zeigt den grundlegenden Aufbau eines streckenseitigen Schaltkreises 1 des erfindungsgemäßen Zugsicherungssystems. Der Schaltkreis 1 umfasst eine zu steuernden Einheit 2 und einen binären Schalter 3, die über eine Leitung 4 galvanisch miteinander verbunden sind. Der Schalter 3 ist Teil eines Stellwerks SW, das für das Schalten von Streckensignalen verantwortlich ist. Zur Überwachung des Schaltzustandes (offen oder geschlossen) des Schalters 3 wird ein Testsignal in den Schaltkreis 1 injiziert. Dazu wird ein Wechselstromsignal von einem Spannungsgenerator erzeugt und an einer Einkoppelstelle 5 über eine Sendeeinrichtung (hier mittels einer Stromzange 6) in die Leitung 4 induziert. An einer Auskoppelstelle 7 ist eine Empfangseinrichtung angeordnet (hier in Form einer weiteren Stromzange 8), mittels der ein Feedbacksignal detektiert werden kann. Die Stromzange 6 und die weitere Stromzange 8 sind in Serie zu dem Schalter 3 und der zu steuernden Einheit 2 geschaltet, so dass sich eine Änderung der Widerstände im Schaltkreis 1 (durch Öffnen und Schließen des Schalters 3) direkt auf das Feedbacksignal auswirkt. Fig. 1 shows the basic structure of a trackside circuit 1 of the train control system according to the invention. The circuit 1 comprises a unit 2 to be controlled and a binary switch 3 , which are electrically connected to one another via a line 4 . The switch 3 is part of a Interlocking SW , which is responsible for the switching of track signals. For monitoring the switching state (open or closed) of the switch 3, a test signal is injected into the circuit 1. For this purpose, an AC signal is generated by a voltage generator and induced at a coupling point 5 via a transmitting device (here by means of a current clamp 6 ) in the line 4. At a decoupling point 7 , a receiving device is arranged (here in the form of another current clamp 8 ), by means of which a feedback signal can be detected. The current clamp 6 and the further current clamp 8 are connected in series with the switch 3 and the unit 2 to be controlled, so that a change in the resistances in the circuit 1 (by opening and closing of the switch 3) directly affects the feedback signal.

Das detektierte Feedbacksignal wird mittels einer Auswerteeinrichtung 9 verarbeitet, bspw. gefiltert oder das Testsignal wird zusammen mit dem Feedbacksignal einer Korrelation unterzogen.The detected feedback signal is processed by means of an evaluation device 9 , for example, filtered or the test signal is subjected to a correlation together with the feedback signal.

Fig. 2 zeigt einen detailliertes Schaltbild des in Fig. 1 gezeigten Schaltkreises 1, der für Testmessungen verwendet wurde mit den verwendeten Induktivitäten L1, L2 L3, L4, L5 der Detektionseinrichtung (L1, L2), der zu steuernden Einheit 2 (L3) und der Sendeeinrichtung (L4, L5), mit den verwendeten Widerständen R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 der Sendeeinrichtung (RL5), der zu steuernden Einheit 2 (R4) der Detektionseinrichtung (R1, RL1) und des Schalters 3 (R6) und der verwendeten Kapazität C1 der zu steuernden Einheit 2. Für die durchgeführte Testmessung wurde ein Testsignal der Frequenz von 30KHz injiziert. Die zu steuernden Einheit 2 liegt in Form eines INDUSI-Schwingkreises mit einer Resonanzfrequenz von 500Hz vor. Fig. 2 shows a detailed circuit diagram of the in Fig. 1 shown circuit 1, which was used for test measurements with the inductors used L1, L2 L3, L4, L5 of the detection device (L1, L2), the unit to be controlled 2 (L3) and the transmitting device (L4, L5), with the resistors used R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 of the transmitting device (RL5), the unit 2 to be controlled (R4) of the detection device (R1, RL1) and the switch 3 (R6) and the used capacitance C1 of the unit 2 to be controlled. For the performed test measurement, a test signal of the frequency of 30 kHz was injected. The unit 2 to be controlled is in the form of an INDUSI resonant circuit with a resonance frequency of 500 Hz.

Fig. 3a zeigt den Verlauf des über die Sendeeinrichtung injizierten Testsignals. An der Empfangseinrichtung wird als Feedbacksignal ein Stromsignal derselben Frequenz mit reduzierter Amplitude und ev. verschobener Phase detektiert. Bei geschlossenem Schalter (permissive mode), stellt die zu steuernde Einheit 2 (aus Fig. 2) für das injizierte Testsignal mit einer Frequenz außerhalb der Resonanzfrequenz der zu steuernden Einheit 2 eine kleine Impedanz für dar. Die gemesseneren Feedbacksignale (Strom/Spannung) sind in Fig. 3b, c gezeigt. Die Frequenz des Testsignals kann außerhalb der Resonanzfrequenz im Prinzip beliebig gewählt werden. Entscheidend ist, dass die zu steuernde Einheit 2 durch das Testsignal in ihrer Funktionalität nicht gestört wird. Ist der Schalter 3 geöffnet (restrictive mode), so ist der Stromkreis unterbrochen. Die gemessenen Feedbacksignale ( Fig. 3d , e) weisen daher eine entsprechend geringe Amplitude auf. Fig. 3a shows the course of the injected via the transmitting device test signal. At the receiving device, a current signal of the same frequency with reduced amplitude and ev. Shifted phase is detected as a feedback signal. With the switch closed (permissive mode), the unit to be controlled 2 (off Fig. 2 ) for the injected test signal having a frequency outside the resonant frequency of the unit 2 to be controlled small impedance for. The more measured feedback signals (current / voltage) are in Fig. 3b , c shown. The frequency of the test signal can be chosen arbitrarily in principle outside the resonance frequency. It is crucial that the unit 2 to be controlled is not disturbed by the test signal in its functionality. If the switch 3 is open (restrictive mode), then the circuit is interrupted. The measured feedback signals ( Fig. 3d , e ) therefore have a correspondingly low amplitude.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Schaltkreises 1', welche auch mit einer zu steuernden Einheit 2' betrieben werden kann, die für Wechselstromsignale nicht oder nur schlecht durchlässig ist, z.B. ein 500 Hz INDUSI-Magnet. Um ein Wechselstrom-Testsignal dennoch detektieren zu können, wird die zu steuernde Einheit 2' mit einer Kapazität 9 überbrückt, so dass sich ein Teilstromkreis 10 (Schalter - Sendeeinrichtung - Kapazität - Empfangseinrichtung) ausbildet. Um die Verluste möglichst gering zu halten, sollte für das Testsignal eine hohe Frequenz, vorzugsweise im kHz-Bereich, insbesondere zwischen 5kHz und 100kHz verwendet werden. Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of the circuit 1 'according to the invention, which can also be operated with a unit to be controlled 2' , which is not or only poorly transparent for AC signals, such as a 500 Hz INDUSI magnet. In order to still be able to detect an AC test signal, the unit 2 'to be controlled is bridged with a capacitor 9 , so that a partial circuit 10 (switch - transmitter - capacitance - receiver) is formed. In order to keep the losses as low as possible, a high frequency, preferably in the kHz range, in particular between 5 kHz and 100 kHz should be used for the test signal.

Fig. 5 zeigt einen erfindungsgemäßen Schaltkreis 1" mit zwei in Serie geschalteten Schaltern 2a, 2b. Innerhalb des Schaltkreises 1" sind zwei Teilschaltkreise 10a, 10b ausgebildet, wobei jeder Teilschaltkreis 10a, 10b einen der Schalter 2a, 2b, eine Kapazität 9a, 9b (hier: Kondensatoren) sowie eine Empfangseinrichtung mit jeweils einer Stromzange 8a, 8b an Auskoppelstellen 7a, 7b umfasst. Die Kapazitäten 9a, 9b sind zueinander in Serie geschaltet, wobei die Serienschaltung von Kapazitäten 9a, 9b parallel zur zu steuernden Einheit 2' geschaltet ist. Die Teilschaltkreise 10a, 10b weisen einen gemeinsamen Leitungsabschnitt 11 auf, in dem die Stromzange 6 der Sendeeinrichtung angeschlossen ist. Die Stromzangen 8a, 8b der Empfangseinrichtungen sind jeweils an einem Leitungsabschnitt angeschlossen, der lediglich einem der Teilschaltkreise 10a, 10b zuzuordnen ist. Auf diese Weise kann mittels jeder Empfangseinrichtung ein Feedbacksignal detektiert werden, welches Auskunft über den Schaltungszustand genau eines der Schalter 2a, 2b gibt. Fig. 5 shows a circuit 1 "according to the invention with two series-connected switches 2a , 2b Within the circuit 1 " two subcircuits 10a , 10b are formed, each subcircuit 10a, 10b one of the switches 2a, 2b, a capacitor 9a , 9b (here: Capacitors) and a receiving device, each with a current clamp 8a , 8b at outcoupling points 7a , 7b includes. The capacitors 9a, 9b are connected in series with each other, wherein the series connection of capacitors 9a, 9b is connected in parallel to the unit 2 'to be controlled. The subcircuits 10a, 10b have a common line section 11 , in which the current clamp 6 of the transmitting device is connected. The current clamps 8a, 8b of the receiving devices are each connected to a line section, which is assigned to only one of the subcircuits 10a, 10b. In this way, a feedback signal can be detected by means of each receiving device which gives information about the circuit state exactly one of the switches 2a, 2b.

Fig. 6 zeigt eine weitere Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Schaltkreises 1'" mit zwei Schaltern 2a, 2b. Bei dieser Ausführungsform ist der Schaltkreis 1"' nicht in Teilschaltkreise unterteilt. Um trotzdem den Schaltungszustand der einzelnen Schalter 2a, 2b detektieren zu können, ist vorgesehen, dass zusätzlich zu dem über der Empfangseinrichtung detektierten Feedbacksignals die Spannungen über den einzelnen Schaltern 2a, 2b mittels jeweils eines Spannungsmessgeräts gemessen werden. Vor den Spannungsmessgeräten sind vorzugsweise Sicherheitswiderstände 13 geschaltet, insbesondere hochohmige Widerstände um den Einfluss auf den Schaltkreis zu minimieren. Fig. 6 shows a further embodiment of a circuit 1 '"according to the invention with two switches 2a, 2b In this embodiment, the circuit 1"' is not divided into subcircuits. In order nevertheless to be able to detect the circuit state of the individual switches 2a, 2b, it is provided that, in addition to the feedback signal detected via the receiving device, the voltages across the individual switches 2a, 2b are measured by means of a respective voltage measuring device. Safety resistors 13 are preferably connected upstream of the voltage measuring devices, in particular high-resistance resistors in order to minimize the influence on the circuit.

Das Spannungsmessgerät zeigt L (low), wenn der entsprechend Schalter 2a, 2b geschlossen ist und H (high), wenn der entsprechende Schalter 2a, 2b offen ist. Da bei dieser Ausführungsform sowohl Detektion eines Feedbacksignals mittels der Empfangseinrichtung als auch Spannungsmessungen über jedem der Schaltern 2a, 2b erfolgen, werden insgesamt zwar mehr Komponenten benötigt, als in der in Fig. 5 borgestellten Ausführungsform, mit der in Fig. 6 gezeigten Ausführungsform können jedoch bei bestimmten Konstellationen trotz eines Defekts eines Messgeräts die Schaltungszustände der Schalter 2a, 2b korrekt ermittelt werden. Im Folgenden werden verschiedene Messgeräte als defekt angenommen. Die unten stehende Tabelle zeigt, welche Schaltungszustände von der Auswerteeinrichtung ermittelt werden.The voltmeter shows L (low) when correspondingly switch 2a, 2b is closed and H (high) when the corresponding switch 2a, 2b is open. Since in this embodiment, both detection of a feedback signal by means of the receiving device as well as voltage measurements on each of the switches 2a, 2b take place, more components are required in total than in the in Fig. 5 bristled embodiment, with in Fig. 6 However, in certain constellations, the circuit states of the switches 2a, 2b can be determined correctly despite a defect of a measuring device. In the following, various measuring devices are assumed to be defective. The table below shows which circuit states are determined by the evaluation device.

Lediglich in den Fällen 2 und 3 (1 defektes Spannungsmessgerät bei zwei geschlossenen Schaltern 2a, 2b) kommt die Auswerteeinheit zu einem falschen Ergebnis (geschlossener Schalter wird als offen interpretiert). Um trotzdem signaltechnisch sicher Kontaktzustände lesen zu können, können jeweils redundante Messgeräte vorgesehen sein. Ebenso kann die Auswerteeinrichtung mit zwei Prozessoren ausgestattet sein. Fall Schaltungszustand Defekte Detektionsergebnis Bewertung 2a 2b V1 V2 I V1 V2 I 2a 2b 1 offen offen H H L offen geschl. 2 X L H L geschl. geschl. 3 X H L L offen geschl. 4 X H H L offen offen 5 offen geschl. H L L offen geschl. 6 X L L L ungültig 7 X H L L offen geschl. 8 X H L L offen geschl. 9 geschl. offen L H L geschl. offen 10 X L H L geschl. offen 11 X L L L ungültig 12 X L H L geschl. offen 13 geschl. geschl. L L H geschl. geschl. 14 X L L H geschl. geschl. 15 X L L H geschl. geschl. 16 X L L L ungültig 17 andere Kombinationen ungültig Only in cases 2 and 3 (1 defective voltage measuring device with two closed switches 2a, 2b) does the evaluation unit arrive at a wrong result (closed switch is interpreted as open). Nevertheless, in order to be able to read contact states safely by signal technology, redundant measuring devices can be provided in each case. Likewise, the evaluation device can be equipped with two processors. case circuit state defects detection result rating 2a 2 B V1 V2 I V1 V2 I 2a 2 B 1 open open H H L open Closed. 2 X L H L closed Closed. 3 X H L L open Closed. 4 X H H L open open 5 open Closed. H L L open Closed. 6 X L L L invalid 7 X H L L open Closed. 8th X H L L open Closed. 9 Closed. open L H L Closed. open 10 X L H L Closed. open 11 X L L L invalid 12 X L H L Closed. open 13 Closed. Closed. L L H Closed. Closed. 14 X L L H Closed. Closed. 15 X L L H Closed. Closed. 16 X L L L invalid 17 other combinations invalid

Fig. 7 zeigt die Hauptkomponenten eine erfindungsgemäßen ETCS Zugsicherungssystems, das mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Schaltkreis 1, 1', 1", 1"'(s. Fig. 1, 2, 4, 5 ,6) ausgestattet ist. Ein Streckensignal 14 wird mittels des Schalters 3, 3a, 3b (s. Fig. 1, 2, 4, 5 ,6) des Stellwerks SW geschaltet. Je nach Schaltzustand des Schalters 3, 3a, 3b (und somit auch des Streckensignals 14) ist die zu steuernde Einheit 2, 2' (z.B. ein INDUSI Magnet) aktiviert oder nicht aktiviert. Der Schaltzustand des Schalters 3, 3a, 3b wird erfindungsgemäß von der streckenseitigen elektronischen Einheit LEU detektiert, die wiederum ein Telegramm generiert, welches an eine Balise 15, die am Gleis 16 montiert ist, übermittelt wird. Die Züge sind jeweils mit einer fahrzeugseitigen Empfangseinheit OBU ausgestattet, die beim Überfahren der Balise 15 das Telegramm empfängt, so dass der Zug entsprechend des Schaltzustandes des Streckensignals 14 beeinflusst werden kann. Fig. 7 shows the main components an ETCS train control system according to the invention, with the inventive circuit 1, 1 ', 1 ", 1"' (s. Fig. 1 . 2 . 4, 5 . 6 ) Is provided. A path signal 14 is detected by means of the switch 3, 3a, 3b (s. Fig. 1 . 2 . 4, 5 . 6 ) of the interlocking SW. Depending on the switching state of the switch 3, 3a, 3b (and thus also of the path signal 14), the unit 2, 2 'to be controlled (eg an INDUSI magnet) is activated or not activated. The switching state of the switch 3, 3a, 3b is inventively detected by the trackside electronic unit LEU, which in turn generates a telegram, which is transmitted to a balise 15 , which is mounted on the track 16 . The trains are each equipped with a vehicle-side receiving unit OBU , which receives the telegram when crossing the balise 15, so that the train can be influenced according to the switching state of the path signal 14.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1. 1',1",1"'1. 1 ', 1 ", 1"'
Schaltkreisecircuits
2, 2'2, 2 '
zu steuernde Einheitenunits to be controlled
3, 3a, 3b3, 3a, 3b
Schalterswitch
44
Leitungmanagement
55
Einkoppelstellecoupling point
66
Stromzange (zur Sendeeinrichtung gehörend)Current clamp (belonging to the transmitter)
7, 7a, 7b7, 7a, 7b
Auskoppelstellendecoupling points
8, 8a, 8b8, 8a, 8b
weitere Stromzange (zur Empfangseinrichtung gehörend)further current clamp (belonging to the receiving device)
99
Auswerteeinrichtungevaluation
10, 10a, 10b10, 10a, 10b
TeilschaltkreiseSubcircuits
1111
gemeinsamer Leitungsabschnittcommon line section
12, 12a, 12b12, 12a, 12b
Kapazitätencapacities
1313
Sicherheitswiderständesafety resistors
1414
Streckensignaltrack signal
1515
BaliseBalise
1616
Gleistrack
LEULEU
streckenseitigen elektronischen EinheitTrackside electronic unit
OBUOBU
fahrzeugseitige Empfangseinheitvehicle-side receiver unit
SWSW
Stellwerksignal box

Claims (17)

  1. Method for monitoring a switching state of a switch (3, 3a, 3b) in a signal switching circuit (1, 1', 1", 1"') of a train protection system with a unit (2, 2') to be controlled, which is galvanically connected to the switch (3, 3a, 3b) via a cable (4),
    wherein a test signal is induced by means of a transmitting device (6) into the cable (4) of the circuit (1, 1', 1", 1"'),
    wherein a feedback signal is detected and evaluated by a receiving device (8, 8a, 8b),
    wherein the evaluation is achieved either by filtering the feedback signal and/or by using mathematical correlation between the test signal and the feedback signal, wherein a conclusion as to the switching state is drawn based on the result of the evaluation.
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that detection of the feedback signal is achieved inductively.
  3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the injection and/or the detection of the test signal are performed with the aid of a toroidal core (6, 8, 8a, 8b).
  4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an AC signal with a stipulated frequency is injected as a test signal.
  5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an AC signal with several stipulated frequencies is injected as a test signal.
  6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that AC pulses are injected as a test signal.
  7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the test signals are injected in coded form.
  8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switching states of several switches are monitored.
  9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the test signal is injected into a common cable section (11) of two sub-circuits (10a, 10b) each comprising one of the switches (3a, 3b), and in that for each monitored switch (3a, 3b) a separate feedback signal is detected outside the common cable section (11).
  10. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the method is implemented inside a lineside electronic unit (LEU) for controlling a balise (15), in particular a Eurobalise.
  11. Train protection system with a lineside signalling circuit (1, 1', 1", 1'") in which a unit (2, 2') to be controlled is galvanically connected to a switch (3, 3a, 3b) via a cable (4), characterized in
    that a transmitting device (6) is provided at a coupling point (5) for inductive coupling of a test signal into the cable (4) of the switching circuit (1, 1', 1", 1"') and a receiving device (8, 8a, 8b) is provided at a decoupling point (7, 7a, 7b) for detection of a feedback signal, and
    that an evaluation device (9) is provided for performing an evaluation of the feedback signal, in particular frequency filtering of the feedback signal or mathematical correlation of the feedback signal and of the test signal.
  12. Train protection system according to claim 11, characterized in that at least one capacitor (12, 12a, 12b) is connected parallel to the unit (2, 2') to be controlled between the coupling point (5) and the decoupling point (7, 7a, 7b).
  13. Train protection system according to one of claims 11 to 12, characterized in that the switching circuit (1", 1'") has several switches (3a, 3b) connected to one another in series.
  14. Train protection system according to claim 13, characterized in
    that the switching circuit (1", 1"') comprises several sub-circuits (10a, 10b) having a common cable section (11),
    wherein each sub-circuit (10a, 10b) comprises a capacitor (12a, 12b) connected in parallel to the unit (2, 2') to be controlled and to a point between the switches (3a, 3b), and a receiving device (8a, 8b),
    wherein the coupling point (5) is arranged in the common cable section (11) and the decoupling points (7a, 7b) are arranged outside the common cable section (11).
  15. Train protection system according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the receiving device (6), the detection device (8, 8a, 8b) and the evaluation device (9) are parts of a lineside electronic unit (LEU).
  16. Train protection system according to claim 15, characterized in that the train protection system is equipped with at least one balise (15), preferably a Eurobalise, which is connected to the lineside electronic unit (LEU), preferably galvanically, and in that an on-board receiving unit (OBU) is provided for wireless reception of the information, in particular telegrams, transmitted by the balise (15).
  17. Train protection system according to one of claims 11 to 16, characterized in that the unit (2, 2') to be controlled comprises a resonant circuit, in particular an INDUSI resonant circuit.
EP13190689.3A 2013-10-29 2013-10-29 Method for monitoring the state of a switch in a train security system, and train securing system Active EP2868548B1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13190689.3A EP2868548B1 (en) 2013-10-29 2013-10-29 Method for monitoring the state of a switch in a train security system, and train securing system
PL13190689T PL2868548T3 (en) 2013-10-29 2013-10-29 Method for monitoring the state of a switch in a train security system, and train securing system
SI201331344T SI2868548T1 (en) 2013-10-29 2013-10-29 Method for monitoring the state of a switch in a train security system, and train securing system
ES13190689T ES2715330T3 (en) 2013-10-29 2013-10-29 Procedure for monitoring a switching state of a switch of a train safety system, as well as train safety system
HRP20190357TT HRP20190357T1 (en) 2013-10-29 2019-02-22 Method for monitoring the state of a switch in a train security system, and train securing system

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13190689.3A EP2868548B1 (en) 2013-10-29 2013-10-29 Method for monitoring the state of a switch in a train security system, and train securing system

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PT3067246T (en) * 2015-03-09 2019-11-04 Bombardier Transp Gmbh A device and a method for monitoring the operability of a signal connection
CN110696880A (en) * 2019-11-22 2020-01-17 佳讯飞鸿（北京）智能科技研究院有限公司 State monitoring system and method of railway signal equipment
CN111208420B (en) * 2020-02-26 2022-02-18 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司 Generator grounding switch state detection method and system based on signal injection
CN114002591A (en) * 2020-07-28 2022-02-01 株洲中车时代电气股份有限公司 Locomotive servicing test switch detection method and device and related components
EP4324716A1 (en) * 2022-08-16 2024-02-21 Siemens Mobility AG Method and device for monitoring the connection to a balise arranged on the track

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US6163144A (en) * 1998-07-20 2000-12-19 Applied Power Inc. Electrical circuit tracing apparatus using modulated tracing signal
CA2547867C (en) * 2002-10-24 2011-01-25 Michael E. Johnson Apparatus and method for simultaneously detecting the power state of a plurality of circuit breaker switches
EP2179295B1 (en) * 2007-08-03 2021-05-05 Flir Systems, Inc. Wireless remote detector systems and methods
DE102009060947A1 (en) 2009-12-28 2011-06-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft, 80333 Train Control System
US8339139B2 (en) * 2010-01-29 2012-12-25 Infineon Technologies Ag System and method for testing a circuit

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PL2868548T3 (en) 2019-06-28
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EP2868548A1 (en) 2015-05-06

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