EP2863268A1 - Developing device, blade unit, and developing device manufacturing method - Google Patents
Developing device, blade unit, and developing device manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2863268A1 EP2863268A1 EP14186524.6A EP14186524A EP2863268A1 EP 2863268 A1 EP2863268 A1 EP 2863268A1 EP 14186524 A EP14186524 A EP 14186524A EP 2863268 A1 EP2863268 A1 EP 2863268A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- blade
- dimension
- weld mark
- laser beam
- longitudinal direction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005028 tinplate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JNDMLEXHDPKVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;oxygen(2-);yttrium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Y+3] JNDMLEXHDPKVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMFGNRRURHSENX-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium copper Chemical compound [Be].[Cu] DMFGNRRURHSENX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004532 chromating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910019655 synthetic inorganic crystalline material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019901 yttrium aluminum garnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
- G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
- G03G15/0806—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer on a donor element, e.g. belt, roller
- G03G15/0812—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer on a donor element, e.g. belt, roller characterised by the developer regulating means, e.g. structure of doctor blade
Definitions
- aspects disclosed herein relate to a blade unit in which a blade is joined to a supporting member by welding, a developing device using the blade unit, and a manufacturing method of the developing device.
- an electrophotographic image forming apparatus that includes a developing device including a developing roller and a blade unit for regulating a thickness of a developer layer held on the developing roller. Further, there has been known a blade unit that includes a blade that contacts the developing roller and a supporting member that holds the blade in an overlapping manner.
- the blade and the holding member are welded to each other at a plurality of locations in a longitudinal direction of the blade, and the blade may be formed with a plurality of spot-like weld marks thereon.
- each of the welded portions formed by welding might not have a fixing strength that is strong enough, and therefore, there may be a risk that the blade cannot be fixed to the supporting member securely.
- some embodiments of the disclosure provide for a developing device, a blade unit, and a developing device manufacturing method in which a blade may be fixed to a supporting member securely.
- a developing device may include a developer carrier, a blade disposed adjacent to the developer carrier, and a supporter supporting the blade.
- the blade may include a weld mark joined to the supporter.
- a dimension of the weld mark in a first direction may be greater than a dimension of the weld mark in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.
- a blade unit may include a blade and a supporter supporting the blade.
- the blade may include a weld mark joined to the supporter.
- a dimension of the weld mark in a first direction may be greater than a dimension of the weld mark in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.
- a manufacturing method for developing device which may include a developer carrier, a blade disposed adjacent to the developer carrier, and a supporter supporting the blade, may include placing the blade on the supporter and welding including irradiating a laser beam from a welding machine while moving one of the laser beam irradiated from the welding machine and the blade with respect to the other of the laser beam and the blade, and forming a weld mark joined to the supporter.
- a dimension of the weld mark in a first direction may be greater than a dimension of the weld mark in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.
- the blade may be fixed to the supporting member more securely as compared with a case where spot-like weld marks are formed.
- a developing device 1 may comprise mainly a developing roller 2 as an example of a developer carrier, a supply roller 3, a blade unit 4, and a developing case 5 that may hold these components.
- the developing case 5 may be a container having therein a toner storage chamber 53 capable of storing toner therein, and may have an opening 51 defined in its one surface.
- the developing case 5 may define an edge of the opening 51 and comprise a blade support surface 52 to which the blade unit 4 may be fixed.
- a conveyor member 7 for conveying toner toward the supply roller 3 may be disposed in the toner storage chamber 53.
- the conveyor member 7 may comprise a shaft portion 71 that may be rotatably supported by the developing case 5, and a film 72 that may rotate on the shaft portion 71 by rotation of the shaft portion 71.
- the developing roller 2 may comprise a cylindrical roller body 2A and a shaft 2B that may be inserted into the roller body 2A and may be rotatable integrally with the roller body 2A.
- the roller body 2A may have elasticity and may be capable of holding toner on its circumferential surface.
- the developing roller 2 may be disposed to close the opening 51 of the developing case 5.
- the shaft 2B that may protrude from the roller body 2A in an axial direction of the developing roller 2 may be rotatably supported by the developing case 5.
- the supply roller 3 may be disposed inside the developing case 5 with contacting the developing roller 2, and may be rotatably supported by the developing case 5.
- the supply roller 3 may be configured to supply toner stored in the developing case 5 to the developing roller 2 by its rotation.
- the blade unit 4 may comprise a blade 41 and a supporting member 42, as an example of a supporter.
- the blade 41 may be disposed near the developing roller 2 such that a tip of the blade 41 may be placed on the developing roller 2.
- the supporting member 42 may hold the blade 41.
- the blade 41 may comprise a sheet metal having a rectangular shape elongated in a direction that an axis of the developing roller 2 may extend. That is, a longitudinal direction of the blade 41 is parallel to the axial direction of the developing roller 2, and a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the blade 41 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the developing roller 2.
- the blade 41 may be made of metallic material, for example, stainless steel. In other embodiments, for example, the blade 41 may comprise a sheet metal whose surface may have coating including press oil.
- the blade 41 may have a thickness of 0.05 to 2.5 mm, a thickness of 0.05 to 0.12 mm, a thickness of 0.05 to 1.00 mm, a thickness of 0.07 to 0.15 mm, or a thickness of 0.08 to 0.12 mm.
- a dimension of the blade 41 in the longitudinal direction may be greater than a dimension of the roller body 2A of the developing roller 2 in the axial direction, and for example, the blade may have a length of 218 to 270 mm, a length of 220 to 260 mm, or a length of 222 to 250 mm.
- the blade 41 may comprise a contact portion 411, which may protrude toward the developing roller 2 and directly contact the roller body 2A of the developing roller 2, on a distal end 41 E of its surface 41 F, facing the developing roller 2, of the blade 41 (see Fig. 2 ).
- the contact portion 411 may be made of, for example, rubber and may extend along the longitudinal direction of the blade 41.
- the supporting member 42 may be a member for defining a fixing end of the blade 41 as well as holding the blade 41.
- the supporting member 42 may be made of metallic material, for example, electrolytic zinc-coated carbon steel sheet.
- the supporting member 42 may have a thickness greater than the blade 41 and a substantially rectangular shape elongated in the longitudinal direction of the blade 41.
- the supporting member 42 may extend so as to exceed both ends 413 of the blade 41 in the longitudinal direction of the blade 41.
- the supporting member 42 may overlap the other surface of the blade 41 and pinch the blade 41 in conjunction with the blade support surface 52 of the developing case 5 such that the blade 41 is interposed therebetween.
- the other surface of the blade 41 may be opposite to the surface 4 IF on which the contact portion 411 of the blade 41 may be disposed. More specifically, the blade 41 may be pinched between an edge 42E of the supporting member 42 and an edge 52E of the support surface 52, wherein the edge 42E of the supporting member 42 and the edge 52E of the support surface 52 may be located on the distal end 41 E side of the blade 41.
- a portion, which may contact the edge 42E of the supporting member 42 and the edge 52E of the blade support surface 52, of the blade 41 may function as a fulcrum when the blade 41 bends.
- the blade unit 4 configured as described above may be fixed to the developing case 5 using screws 6 through holes H in the blade 41 and the supporting member 42. In this state, the blade unit 4 may be configured to regulate a thickness of a toner layer held on the developing roller 2 by the contact portion 411 that may contact the rotating developing roller 2.
- the supporting member 42 may comprise a positioning protrusion 421, which may be engaged with the blade 41, at each end portion in the longitudinal direction on its surface that may face the blade 41.
- the blade 41 may have a pair of openings 412 that may be engaged with the pair of positioning protrusions 421.
- One of the pair of openings 412 may be a circular opening and the other of the pair of openings 412 may be an elongated opening.
- the elongated opening of the pair of openings 412 may absorb a dimensional deviation between the two openings 412 and linear expansion of the blade 41 and the supporting member 42 in the longitudinal direction.
- the blade 41 may be positioned with respect to the supporting member 42 by the engagement of the openings 412 and the corresponding positioning protrusions 421, respectively.
- the blade 41 may be welded to the supporting member 42 at a plurality of locations in the longitudinal direction. More specifically, the blade 41 may be joined to the supporting member 42 by laser welding at each portion of the blade 41 outward than each positioning protrusion 421 in the longitudinal direction and a portion of the blade 41 between the positioning protrusions 421 in the longitudinal direction.
- the blade 41 may have a first weld mark 43, as an example of a weld mark, which may join the blade 41 and the supporting member 42 at a position between the positioning protrusions 421, and second weld marks 44, as another example of the weld mark, which may join the blade 41 and the supporting member 42 at respective positions more outward than the respective positioning protrusions 421 in the longitudinal direction.
- first weld mark 43 as an example of a weld mark
- second weld marks 44 as another example of the weld mark, which may join the blade 41 and the supporting member 42 at respective positions more outward than the respective positioning protrusions 421 in the longitudinal direction.
- the first weld mark 43 may continue from a vicinity of the one of the openings 412 to a vicinity of the other of the openings 412 along the longitudinal direction of the blade 41.
- a dimension W1 in the longitudinal direction of the blade 41 may be longer than a dimension W2 in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the blade 41 (e.g., a direction perpendicular to the first direction).
- the dimension W1 in the longitudinal direction of the blade 41 may be 1.1 times or greater, more preferably, 1.5 times or greater, and further preferably, 2.0 times or greater, as long as the dimension W2 in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the blade 41.
- the dimension W1 of the first weld mark 43 in the longitudinal direction of the blade 41 may be longer enough than the dimension W2 of the first weld mark 43 in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the blade 41.
- the dimension W1 of the first weld mark 43 in the longitudinal direction of the blade 41 may be within a range of 1.1 to 3.0 times, a range of 1.1 to 2.1 times, or a range of 1.5 to 3.5 times, as long as the dimension W2 of the first weld mark 43 in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the blade 41.
- the first weld mark 43 may have a dimension of 210 to 250 mm in the longitudinal direction of the blade 41 and a dimension of 0.1 to 0.6 mm in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the blade 41.
- the second weld mark 44 may continue from respective vicinities of the openings 412 to respective vicinities of the ends 413 of the blade 41 along the longitudinal direction of the blade 41.
- each second weld mark 44 may have a greater dimension in the longitudinal direction of the blade 41 than a dimension in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the blade 41.
- Each of the first weld mark 43 and the second weld marks 44 may have a dimension of 0.2 to 250 mm in the longitudinal direction of the blade 41 and a dimension of 0.1 to 6.0 mm in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the blade 41.
- Each of the first weld mark 43 and the second weld mark may have a dimension of 0.1 to 0.4 mm or a dimension of 0.1 to 0.3 mm in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the blade 41.
- Each of the first weld mark 43 and the second weld marks 44 formed on the blade 41 may have the greater dimension in the longitudinal direction of the blade 41 than the dimension in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the blade 41. Therefore, the blade 41 may be fixed to the supporting member 42 more securely as compared with a case where spot-like weld marks are formed on the blade 41.
- first weld mark 43 and the second weld marks 44 may be elongated along the longitudinal direction of the blade 41. Therefore, this configuration may reduce a risk that the blade 41 may come apart from the developing roller 2 due to application of a strong force to a particular portion of the blade 41 when the blade 41 is made contact with the developing roller 2.
- the blade 41 When the blade unit 4 is assembled for manufacturing the developing device 1, first, as depicted in Fig. 4A , the blade 41 may be placed on the supporting member 42 (e.g., a preparation process). At that time, the openings 412 in the blade 41 may be engaged with the corresponding positioning protrusions 421, respectively, of the supporting member 42.
- the supporting member 42 e.g., a preparation process.
- the blade 41 and the supporting member 42 may be fastened on a worktable. Thereafter, as depicted in Fig. 4B , while a laser beam 81 irradiated from the welding machine 8 is moved with respect to the blade 41, the laser beam 81 may be irradiated on the blade 41 to weld the blade 41 and the supporting member 42 to each other (e.g., a welding process).
- the welding machine 8 may be configured to irradiate a portion, which may face the welding machine 8, of an object with a continuous wave laser as the laser beam 81.
- another welding machine that may be configured to irradiate the blade 41 with a laser beam by moving a reflector provided inside the welding machine, without moving the welding machine itself, may be used.
- a fiber laser may be adopted as the continuous wave laser.
- a weld mark (e.g., the first weld mark 43 and the second weld marks 44) having a greater dimension in the longitudinal direction of the blade 41 than a dimension in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the blade 41 may be formed on the blade 41.
- the laser beam 81 may be moved with respect to the blade 41 along the longitudinal direction of the blade 41 from one end portion, in which the circular opening 412 may be defined, to the other end portion, in which the elongated opening 412 may be defined, of the blade 41.
- the laser beam 81 may be irradiated to each portion that may be apart from each end of the blade 41 and the edges of the openings 412.
- Welding starting from the circular opening 412 side as described above may allow the elongated opening 412 to absorb a thermal expansion of the blade 41 that may occur during welding.
- Fig. 5 illustrates a weld mark formed by the welding process using a blade made of stainless steel (e.g., a thickness of 0.1 mm) as the blade 41, a supporting member made of electrolytic zinc-coated carbon steel sheet (e.g., a thickness of 1.2 mm) as the supporting member 42, and a fiber laser welding machine ML-6700A (manufactured by MIYACHI CORPORATION) as the welding machine.
- a continuous wave laser was used as a laser beam, and the laser beam was moved at a speed of 200 mm/sec with respect to the blade, where a spot diameter of the laser beam was 0.2 mm, and power of the laser beam was 300 W.
- the weld mark was observed by a laser microscope VK-X200 series (manufactured by KEYENCE CORPORATION).
- the blade 41 and the supporting member 42 may be welded to each other by moving the laser beam 82 with respect to the blade 41 while the laser beam 81 is continuously irradiated on the blade 41.
- the welding method of the blade 41 and the supporting member 42 might not be limited to the specific embodiment.
- the blade 41 and the supporting member 42 may be welded to each other by moving the laser beam 82 with respect to the blade 42 while the laser beam 81 is intermittently irradiated on the blade 41.
- the blade 41 may have a large weld mark 45 at a plurality of locations in the longitudinal direction, wherein each large weld mark 45 may include a plurality of weld marks 45A arranged in the longitudinal direction.
- a weld mark 45A may refer to a weld that may be formed by one laser irradiation.
- Each weld mark 45 A may have a circular shape. In the large weld mark 45, adjacent weld marks 45A may overlap each other. Thus, in the large weld mark 45, a dimension W3 in the longer-side of the blade 41 may be longer than a dimension W4 in the shorter-side of the blade 41.
- the laser beam 81 such as a pulsed laser or a continuous wave laser
- the laser beam 81 may be moved with respect to the blade 41 at a speed which may allow to form adjacent weld marks 45A may overlap each other.
- a fiber laser or an yttrium aluminum garnet (“YAG”) laser may be adopted as the pulsed laser.
- Fig. 7 illustrates a weld mark formed on a blade as a result of welding in which a laser beam such as a pulsed laser was moved at a speed of 200 mm/sec with respect to the blade, where a spot diameter of the laser beam was 0.2 mm, a pulse width of the laser beam was 1.0 msec, and power of the laser beam was 400 W.
- the welding machine, the blade, and the supporting member may be the same as those used in the example depicted in Fig. 5 .
- the weld mark was observed by the VK-X200 series laser microscope (manufactured by KEYENCE CORPORATION).
- Fig. 8 illustrates another example in which a plurality of weld marks that are elongated in the longitudinal direction of the blade 41 are arranged along the longitudinal direction.
- the weld marks illustrated in Fig. 8 may be formed as a result of welding in which a laser beam such as a continuous wave laser was moved at a speed of 200 mm/sec with respect to the blade, where a spot diameter of the laser beam was 0.1 mm, a pulse width of the laser beam was 14 msec, and power of the laser beam was 200 W.
- the welding machine, the blade, and the supporting member may be the same as those used in the example depicted in Fig. 5 .
- the weld marks were observed by the VR-3000 series One-Shot measuring microscope (manufactured by KEYENCE CORPORATION).
- each of the weld marks 43 and 44 may have the elongated shape extending in the longitudinal direction of the blade 41 (e.g., the particular direction). Nevertheless, the shape of the weld mark might not be limited to the specific embodiment.
- each weld mark 46 may have an elongated shape extending in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the blade 41 (as another example of the first direction).
- a dimension W5 in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the blade 41 may be longer than a dimension W6 in the longitudinal direction of the blade 41.
- the weld marks 46 may be formed at a plurality of locations, respectively, in the longitudinal direction of the blade 41.
- ends, which may be located closer to the contact portion 411, of the plurality of weld marks 46 are arranged in a straight line extending parallel to a direction that the contact portion 411 may extend such that force is exerted uniformly on the contact portion of the contact portion 411 and the developing roller 2.
- each weld mark 47 may have an elongated shape extending in a direction intersecting the longitudinal direction of the blade 41 or the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the blade 41 (as a still another example of the first direction).
- the weld marks may be formed at one location in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the blade 41. Nevertheless, the number of locations where the weld marks may be formed might not be limited to the specific embodiment. In other embodiments, for example, two or more weld marks may be formed at respective positions in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the blade 41 so as to be arranged along the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the blade 41.
- all the weld marks may have the greater dimension in the longitudinal direction of the blade 41 than the dimension in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the blade 41.
- the shape of the weld marks formed on the blade 41 might not be limited to the specific embodiment.
- the second weld mark 44 may have a spot-like shape in which a dimension in the longitudinal direction of the blade 41 and a dimension in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the blade 41 may be substantially equal to each other. That is, only one of the weld marks formed on the blade 41 may have a greater dimension in the first direction than a dimension in a direction perpendicular to the first direction.
- the blade 41 may be welded to the supporting member 42 at the plurality of locations. Nevertheless, the method of welding the blade 41 might not be limited to the specific embodiment. In other embodiments, for example, the blade 41 may have the first weld mark 43 and be joined to the supporting member 42 by welding at one location.
- the laser beam 81 may be moved with respect to the blade 41.
- the manner of moving the laser beam 81 with respect to the blade 41 might not be limited to the specific embodiment.
- the blade 41 and the supporting member 42 may be moved with respect to the laser beam 81 to move the laser beam 81 with respect to the blade 41 (or the blade 41 may be moved with respect to the laser beam 81).
- the laser beam 81 and the set of the blade 41 and the supporting member 42 may be moved at the same time.
- the blade 41 may comprise the contact portion 411 protruding from the blade 41.
- the configuration of the blade 41 might not be limited to the specific embodiment.
- the blade 41 A might not comprise a contact portion made of, for example, rubber, but may comprise a bent portion 411A in which the distal end portion of the blade 41A may be bent toward the supporting member 42 (e.g., toward a side opposite to the developing roller 2).
- the bent portion 411A (e.g., the distal end of the blade 41) may directly contact the roller body 2A of the developing roller 2.
- the distal end portion of the blade 41 may be placed on the developing roller 2, and the blade 41 may be pinched by the supporting member 42 and the developing case 5.
- the configuration of the blade unit 4 might not be limited to the specific embodiment.
- the supporting member 42 to which the blade 41 may be welded may be fixed to the developing case 5 directly while the supporting member 42 is pinched by the blade 41 and the developing case 5.
- the distal end portion of the blade 41 may contact the developing roller 2 from the conveyor member 7 side, and the surface, which may be opposite to the surface 41 F having the contact portion 411 thereon, of the blade 41 may be supported by the supporting member 42.
- the developing roller 2 comprising the roller body 2A and the shaft 2B may be illustrated as the developer carrier.
- the developer carrier might not be limited to the specific embodiment.
- a brush roller, a developing sleeve, or a belt-shaped developer carrier may be adopted as the developer carrier.
- the contact portion 411 (e.g., the distal end) of the blade 41 may be in directly contact with the roller body 2A of the developing roller 2 (as an example of the developer carrier).
- the configuration of the blade might not be limited to the specific embodiment. In other embodiments, for example, the blade may be disposed such that its distal end portion may be substantially 0.1-1.0 mm apart from the roller body 2A.
- the stainless steel may be adopted as the metallic material for constituting the blade 41.
- the material of the blade 41 might not be limited to the specific embodiment.
- the blade 41 may be made of, for example, steel for springs, phosphor bronze, beryllium copper, or carbon tool steel.
- a nickel, chromium, or zinc coating may be applied to the blade 41 for rustproof.
- the electrolytic zinc-coated carbon steel sheet may be adopted as the metallic material for constituting the supporting member 42. Nevertheless, the configuration of the supporting member 42 might not be limited to the specific embodiment.
- the supporting member 42 may be made of a cold rolled steel plate or a tinplate, or a plate made of one of the cold rolled steel plate and the tinplate whose surface may be applied with treatment such as Parkerizing, chromating, or nickel coating.
- the supporting member 42 may also have a coating including press oil thereon.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Aspects disclosed herein relate to a blade unit in which a blade is joined to a supporting member by welding, a developing device using the blade unit, and a manufacturing method of the developing device.
- Conventionally, there has been an electrophotographic image forming apparatus that includes a developing device including a developing roller and a blade unit for regulating a thickness of a developer layer held on the developing roller. Further, there has been known a blade unit that includes a blade that contacts the developing roller and a supporting member that holds the blade in an overlapping manner.
- In the blade unit, the blade and the holding member are welded to each other at a plurality of locations in a longitudinal direction of the blade, and the blade may be formed with a plurality of spot-like weld marks thereon.
- Nevertheless, like the above-described technique, in a case where the welded portions of the blade and the supporting member have a small spot-like shape, each of the welded portions formed by welding might not have a fixing strength that is strong enough, and therefore, there may be a risk that the blade cannot be fixed to the supporting member securely.
- Accordingly, for example, some embodiments of the disclosure provide for a developing device, a blade unit, and a developing device manufacturing method in which a blade may be fixed to a supporting member securely.
- According to one or more aspects of the disclosure, a developing device may include a developer carrier, a blade disposed adjacent to the developer carrier, and a supporter supporting the blade. The blade may include a weld mark joined to the supporter. A dimension of the weld mark in a first direction may be greater than a dimension of the weld mark in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.
- According to one or more other aspects of the disclosure, a blade unit may include a blade and a supporter supporting the blade. The blade may include a weld mark joined to the supporter. A dimension of the weld mark in a first direction may be greater than a dimension of the weld mark in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.
- According to one or more other aspects of the disclosure, a manufacturing method for developing device, which may include a developer carrier, a blade disposed adjacent to the developer carrier, and a supporter supporting the blade, may include placing the blade on the supporter and welding including irradiating a laser beam from a welding machine while moving one of the laser beam irradiated from the welding machine and the blade with respect to the other of the laser beam and the blade, and forming a weld mark joined to the supporter. A dimension of the weld mark in a first direction may be greater than a dimension of the weld mark in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.
- According to the aspects of the disclosure, the blade may be fixed to the supporting member more securely as compared with a case where spot-like weld marks are formed.
- For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure, needs satisfied thereby, and the objects, features, and advantages thereof, reference now is made to the following descriptions taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.
-
Fig. 1 is a perspective view depicting a developing device in an illustrative embodiment according to one or more aspects of the disclosure. -
Fig. 2 is a sectional view depicting the developing device in the illustrative embodiment according to one or more aspects of the disclosure. -
Figs. 3A illustrates a blade unit in the illustrative embodiment according to one or more aspects of the disclosure. -
Fig. 3B is an enlarged view of a weld mark in the illustrative embodiment according to one or more aspects of the disclosure. -
Fig. 4A is a diagram for explaining a preparation process in a developing device manufacturing method in the illustrative embodiment according to one or more aspects of the disclosure. -
Fig. 4B is a diagram for explaining a welding process in the developing device manufacturing method in the illustrative embodiment according to one or more aspects of the disclosure. -
Fig. 5 illustrates a laser microscope image of a weld mark formed on a blade in the welding process in the illustrative embodiment according to one or more aspects of the disclosure. -
Fig. 6A illustrates a blade unit in a first variation of the illustrative embodiment according to one or more aspects of the disclosure. -
Fig. 6B is an enlarged view of a larger weld mark in the first variation of the illustrative embodiment according to one or more aspects of the disclosure. -
Fig. 7 illustrates a laser microscope image of a weld mark formed on the blade in the welding process in the first variation of the illustrative embodiment according to one or more aspects of the disclosure. -
Fig. 8 illustrates a 3D measuring microscope image of a weld mark formed on the blade in another variation of the illustrative embodiment according to one or more aspects of the disclosure. -
Fig. 9A illustrates a blade unit in a second variation of the illustrative embodiment according to one or more aspects of the disclosure. -
Fig. 9B is an enlarged view of a weld mark in the second variation of the illustrative embodiment according to one or more aspects of the disclosure. -
Fig. 10 illustrates a blade unit in a third variation of the illustrative embodiment according to one or more aspects of the disclosure. -
Fig. 11 is a perspective view depicting a blade unit in a fourth variation of the illustrative embodiment according to one or more aspects of the disclosure. -
Fig. 12 is a sectional view depicting a developing device in a fifth variation of the illustrative embodiment according to one or more aspects of the disclosure. - Next, an illustrative embodiment of the disclosure is described in detail with referent to the accompanying drawings.
- As depicted in
Fig. 1 , a developingdevice 1 may comprise mainly a developingroller 2 as an example of a developer carrier, asupply roller 3, a blade unit 4, and a developingcase 5 that may hold these components. - The developing
case 5 may be a container having therein atoner storage chamber 53 capable of storing toner therein, and may have anopening 51 defined in its one surface. The developingcase 5 may define an edge of theopening 51 and comprise ablade support surface 52 to which the blade unit 4 may be fixed. - As depicted in
Fig. 2 , aconveyor member 7 for conveying toner toward thesupply roller 3 may be disposed in thetoner storage chamber 53. Theconveyor member 7 may comprise ashaft portion 71 that may be rotatably supported by the developingcase 5, and afilm 72 that may rotate on theshaft portion 71 by rotation of theshaft portion 71. - As depicted in
Fig. 1 , the developingroller 2 may comprise acylindrical roller body 2A and ashaft 2B that may be inserted into theroller body 2A and may be rotatable integrally with theroller body 2A. Theroller body 2A may have elasticity and may be capable of holding toner on its circumferential surface. The developingroller 2 may be disposed to close the opening 51 of the developingcase 5. Theshaft 2B that may protrude from theroller body 2A in an axial direction of the developingroller 2 may be rotatably supported by the developingcase 5. - The
supply roller 3 may be disposed inside the developingcase 5 with contacting the developingroller 2, and may be rotatably supported by the developingcase 5. Thesupply roller 3 may be configured to supply toner stored in the developingcase 5 to the developingroller 2 by its rotation. - The blade unit 4 may comprise a
blade 41 and a supportingmember 42, as an example of a supporter. Theblade 41 may be disposed near the developingroller 2 such that a tip of theblade 41 may be placed on the developingroller 2. The supportingmember 42 may hold theblade 41. - The
blade 41 may comprise a sheet metal having a rectangular shape elongated in a direction that an axis of the developingroller 2 may extend. That is, a longitudinal direction of theblade 41 is parallel to the axial direction of the developingroller 2, and a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of theblade 41 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the developingroller 2. Theblade 41 may be made of metallic material, for example, stainless steel. In other embodiments, for example, theblade 41 may comprise a sheet metal whose surface may have coating including press oil. - For example, the
blade 41 may have a thickness of 0.05 to 2.5 mm, a thickness of 0.05 to 0.12 mm, a thickness of 0.05 to 1.00 mm, a thickness of 0.07 to 0.15 mm, or a thickness of 0.08 to 0.12 mm. A dimension of theblade 41 in the longitudinal direction may be greater than a dimension of theroller body 2A of the developingroller 2 in the axial direction, and for example, the blade may have a length of 218 to 270 mm, a length of 220 to 260 mm, or a length of 222 to 250 mm. - The
blade 41 may comprise acontact portion 411, which may protrude toward the developingroller 2 and directly contact theroller body 2A of the developingroller 2, on adistal end 41 E of itssurface 41 F, facing the developingroller 2, of the blade 41 (seeFig. 2 ). Thecontact portion 411 may be made of, for example, rubber and may extend along the longitudinal direction of theblade 41. - The supporting
member 42 may be a member for defining a fixing end of theblade 41 as well as holding theblade 41. - The supporting
member 42 may be made of metallic material, for example, electrolytic zinc-coated carbon steel sheet. The supportingmember 42 may have a thickness greater than theblade 41 and a substantially rectangular shape elongated in the longitudinal direction of theblade 41. The supportingmember 42 may extend so as to exceed both ends 413 of theblade 41 in the longitudinal direction of theblade 41. - The supporting
member 42 may overlap the other surface of theblade 41 and pinch theblade 41 in conjunction with theblade support surface 52 of the developingcase 5 such that theblade 41 is interposed therebetween. The other surface of theblade 41 may be opposite to the surface 4 IF on which thecontact portion 411 of theblade 41 may be disposed. More specifically, theblade 41 may be pinched between anedge 42E of the supportingmember 42 and anedge 52E of thesupport surface 52, wherein theedge 42E of the supportingmember 42 and theedge 52E of thesupport surface 52 may be located on thedistal end 41 E side of theblade 41. A portion, which may contact theedge 42E of the supportingmember 42 and theedge 52E of theblade support surface 52, of theblade 41 may function as a fulcrum when theblade 41 bends. - The blade unit 4 configured as described above may be fixed to the developing
case 5 using screws 6 through holes H in theblade 41 and the supportingmember 42. In this state, the blade unit 4 may be configured to regulate a thickness of a toner layer held on the developingroller 2 by thecontact portion 411 that may contact the rotating developingroller 2. - As depicted in
Fig. 3A , the supportingmember 42 may comprise apositioning protrusion 421, which may be engaged with theblade 41, at each end portion in the longitudinal direction on its surface that may face theblade 41. Theblade 41 may have a pair ofopenings 412 that may be engaged with the pair ofpositioning protrusions 421. One of the pair ofopenings 412 may be a circular opening and the other of the pair ofopenings 412 may be an elongated opening. The elongated opening of the pair ofopenings 412 may absorb a dimensional deviation between the twoopenings 412 and linear expansion of theblade 41 and the supportingmember 42 in the longitudinal direction. Theblade 41 may be positioned with respect to the supportingmember 42 by the engagement of theopenings 412 and thecorresponding positioning protrusions 421, respectively. - The
blade 41 may be welded to the supportingmember 42 at a plurality of locations in the longitudinal direction. More specifically, theblade 41 may be joined to the supportingmember 42 by laser welding at each portion of theblade 41 outward than each positioningprotrusion 421 in the longitudinal direction and a portion of theblade 41 between the positioningprotrusions 421 in the longitudinal direction. - The
blade 41 may have afirst weld mark 43, as an example of a weld mark, which may join theblade 41 and the supportingmember 42 at a position between the positioningprotrusions 421, and second weld marks 44, as another example of the weld mark, which may join theblade 41 and the supportingmember 42 at respective positions more outward than therespective positioning protrusions 421 in the longitudinal direction. - The
first weld mark 43 may continue from a vicinity of the one of theopenings 412 to a vicinity of the other of theopenings 412 along the longitudinal direction of theblade 41. - As depicted in
Fig. 3B , in thefirst weld mark 43, a dimension W1 in the longitudinal direction of the blade 41 (as an example of a first direction) may be longer than a dimension W2 in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the blade 41 (e.g., a direction perpendicular to the first direction). In thefirst weld mark 43, the dimension W1 in the longitudinal direction of theblade 41 may be 1.1 times or greater, more preferably, 1.5 times or greater, and further preferably, 2.0 times or greater, as long as the dimension W2 in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of theblade 41. In the illustrative embodiment, the dimension W1 of thefirst weld mark 43 in the longitudinal direction of theblade 41 may be longer enough than the dimension W2 of thefirst weld mark 43 in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of theblade 41. - The dimension W1 of the
first weld mark 43 in the longitudinal direction of theblade 41 may be within a range of 1.1 to 3.0 times, a range of 1.1 to 2.1 times, or a range of 1.5 to 3.5 times, as long as the dimension W2 of thefirst weld mark 43 in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of theblade 41. - For example, the
first weld mark 43 may have a dimension of 210 to 250 mm in the longitudinal direction of theblade 41 and a dimension of 0.1 to 0.6 mm in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of theblade 41. - As depicted in
Fig. 3A , thesecond weld mark 44 may continue from respective vicinities of theopenings 412 to respective vicinities of theends 413 of theblade 41 along the longitudinal direction of theblade 41. - In a similar manner to the
first weld mark 43, eachsecond weld mark 44 may have a greater dimension in the longitudinal direction of theblade 41 than a dimension in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of theblade 41. - Each of the
first weld mark 43 and the second weld marks 44 may have a dimension of 0.2 to 250 mm in the longitudinal direction of theblade 41 and a dimension of 0.1 to 6.0 mm in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of theblade 41. Each of thefirst weld mark 43 and the second weld mark may have a dimension of 0.1 to 0.4 mm or a dimension of 0.1 to 0.3 mm in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of theblade 41. - Hereinafter, advantages of the blade unit 4 configured as described above is described.
- Each of the
first weld mark 43 and the second weld marks 44 formed on theblade 41 may have the greater dimension in the longitudinal direction of theblade 41 than the dimension in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of theblade 41. Therefore, theblade 41 may be fixed to the supportingmember 42 more securely as compared with a case where spot-like weld marks are formed on theblade 41. - In addition, the
first weld mark 43 and the second weld marks 44 may be elongated along the longitudinal direction of theblade 41. Therefore, this configuration may reduce a risk that theblade 41 may come apart from the developingroller 2 due to application of a strong force to a particular portion of theblade 41 when theblade 41 is made contact with the developingroller 2. - Next, a manufacturing method of the developing
device 1 is described. - When the blade unit 4 is assembled for manufacturing the developing
device 1, first, as depicted inFig. 4A , theblade 41 may be placed on the supporting member 42 (e.g., a preparation process). At that time, theopenings 412 in theblade 41 may be engaged with thecorresponding positioning protrusions 421, respectively, of the supportingmember 42. - Then, the
blade 41 and the supportingmember 42 may be fastened on a worktable. Thereafter, as depicted inFig. 4B , while alaser beam 81 irradiated from thewelding machine 8 is moved with respect to theblade 41, thelaser beam 81 may be irradiated on theblade 41 to weld theblade 41 and the supportingmember 42 to each other (e.g., a welding process). - In the illustrative embodiment, the
welding machine 8 may be configured to irradiate a portion, which may face thewelding machine 8, of an object with a continuous wave laser as thelaser beam 81. In other embodiments, for example, another welding machine that may be configured to irradiate theblade 41 with a laser beam by moving a reflector provided inside the welding machine, without moving the welding machine itself, may be used. For example, a fiber laser may be adopted as the continuous wave laser. - In the welding process, by moving the
welding machine 8 with thelaser beam 81 being continuously irradiated on theblade 41, a weld mark (e.g., thefirst weld mark 43 and the second weld marks 44) having a greater dimension in the longitudinal direction of theblade 41 than a dimension in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of theblade 41 may be formed on theblade 41. - At that time, the
laser beam 81 may be moved with respect to theblade 41 along the longitudinal direction of theblade 41 from one end portion, in which thecircular opening 412 may be defined, to the other end portion, in which theelongated opening 412 may be defined, of theblade 41. Thelaser beam 81 may be irradiated to each portion that may be apart from each end of theblade 41 and the edges of theopenings 412. - Welding starting from the
circular opening 412 side as described above may allow theelongated opening 412 to absorb a thermal expansion of theblade 41 that may occur during welding. - As an example,
Fig. 5 illustrates a weld mark formed by the welding process using a blade made of stainless steel (e.g., a thickness of 0.1 mm) as theblade 41, a supporting member made of electrolytic zinc-coated carbon steel sheet (e.g., a thickness of 1.2 mm) as the supportingmember 42, and a fiber laser welding machine ML-6700A (manufactured by MIYACHI CORPORATION) as the welding machine. In the welding process, a continuous wave laser was used as a laser beam, and the laser beam was moved at a speed of 200 mm/sec with respect to the blade, where a spot diameter of the laser beam was 0.2 mm, and power of the laser beam was 300 W. The weld mark was observed by a laser microscope VK-X200 series (manufactured by KEYENCE CORPORATION). - While the disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the specific embodiment thereof, it is not limited to the specific embodiment. Various changes, arrangements and modifications may be applied to the detailed configuration without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. In the description below, common parts have the same reference numerals as those of the above-described embodiment, and the detailed description of the common parts is omitted.
- In the illustrative embodiment, the
blade 41 and the supportingmember 42 may be welded to each other by moving the laser beam 82 with respect to theblade 41 while thelaser beam 81 is continuously irradiated on theblade 41. Nevertheless, the welding method of theblade 41 and the supportingmember 42 might not be limited to the specific embodiment. For example, theblade 41 and the supportingmember 42 may be welded to each other by moving the laser beam 82 with respect to theblade 42 while thelaser beam 81 is intermittently irradiated on theblade 41. - More specifically, as depicted in
Figs. 6A and 6B , theblade 41 may have alarge weld mark 45 at a plurality of locations in the longitudinal direction, wherein eachlarge weld mark 45 may include a plurality of weld marks 45A arranged in the longitudinal direction. Aweld mark 45A may refer to a weld that may be formed by one laser irradiation. - Each
weld mark 45 A may have a circular shape. In thelarge weld mark 45, adjacent weld marks 45A may overlap each other. Thus, in thelarge weld mark 45, a dimension W3 in the longer-side of theblade 41 may be longer than a dimension W4 in the shorter-side of theblade 41. - To form such a
large weld mark 45 on the blade unit 4, in the welding process, while thelaser beam 81 such as a pulsed laser or a continuous wave laser is irradiated on theblade 41, thelaser beam 81 may be moved with respect to theblade 41 at a speed which may allow to form adjacent weld marks 45A may overlap each other. For example, a fiber laser or an yttrium aluminum garnet ("YAG") laser may be adopted as the pulsed laser. - As an example,
Fig. 7 illustrates a weld mark formed on a blade as a result of welding in which a laser beam such as a pulsed laser was moved at a speed of 200 mm/sec with respect to the blade, where a spot diameter of the laser beam was 0.2 mm, a pulse width of the laser beam was 1.0 msec, and power of the laser beam was 400 W. The welding machine, the blade, and the supporting member may be the same as those used in the example depicted inFig. 5 . The weld mark was observed by the VK-X200 series laser microscope (manufactured by KEYENCE CORPORATION). -
Fig. 8 illustrates another example in which a plurality of weld marks that are elongated in the longitudinal direction of theblade 41 are arranged along the longitudinal direction. The weld marks illustrated inFig. 8 may be formed as a result of welding in which a laser beam such as a continuous wave laser was moved at a speed of 200 mm/sec with respect to the blade, where a spot diameter of the laser beam was 0.1 mm, a pulse width of the laser beam was 14 msec, and power of the laser beam was 200 W. The welding machine, the blade, and the supporting member may be the same as those used in the example depicted inFig. 5 . The weld marks were observed by the VR-3000 series One-Shot measuring microscope (manufactured by KEYENCE CORPORATION). - In the illustrative embodiment, each of the weld marks 43 and 44 may have the elongated shape extending in the longitudinal direction of the blade 41 (e.g., the particular direction). Nevertheless, the shape of the weld mark might not be limited to the specific embodiment. For example, as depicted in
Figs. 9A and 9B , eachweld mark 46 may have an elongated shape extending in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the blade 41 (as another example of the first direction). - In each
weld mark 46, a dimension W5 in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of theblade 41 may be longer than a dimension W6 in the longitudinal direction of theblade 41. The weld marks 46 may be formed at a plurality of locations, respectively, in the longitudinal direction of theblade 41. - It may be preferable that ends, which may be located closer to the
contact portion 411, of the plurality of weld marks 46 are arranged in a straight line extending parallel to a direction that thecontact portion 411 may extend such that force is exerted uniformly on the contact portion of thecontact portion 411 and the developingroller 2. - As depicted in
Fig. 10 , eachweld mark 47 may have an elongated shape extending in a direction intersecting the longitudinal direction of theblade 41 or the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the blade 41 (as a still another example of the first direction). - In the illustrative embodiment, the weld marks (e.g., the
first weld mark 43 and the second weld marks 44) may be formed at one location in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of theblade 41. Nevertheless, the number of locations where the weld marks may be formed might not be limited to the specific embodiment. In other embodiments, for example, two or more weld marks may be formed at respective positions in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of theblade 41 so as to be arranged along the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of theblade 41. - In the illustrative embodiment, all the weld marks (e.g., the
first weld mark 43 and the second weld marks 44) may have the greater dimension in the longitudinal direction of theblade 41 than the dimension in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of theblade 41. Nevertheless, the shape of the weld marks formed on theblade 41 might not be limited to the specific embodiment. For example, thesecond weld mark 44 may have a spot-like shape in which a dimension in the longitudinal direction of theblade 41 and a dimension in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of theblade 41 may be substantially equal to each other. That is, only one of the weld marks formed on theblade 41 may have a greater dimension in the first direction than a dimension in a direction perpendicular to the first direction. - In the illustrative embodiment, the
blade 41 may be welded to the supportingmember 42 at the plurality of locations. Nevertheless, the method of welding theblade 41 might not be limited to the specific embodiment. In other embodiments, for example, theblade 41 may have thefirst weld mark 43 and be joined to the supportingmember 42 by welding at one location. - In the illustrative embodiment, in the welding process, the
laser beam 81 may be moved with respect to theblade 41. Nevertheless, the manner of moving thelaser beam 81 with respect to theblade 41 might not be limited to the specific embodiment. In other embodiments, for example, theblade 41 and the supportingmember 42 may be moved with respect to thelaser beam 81 to move thelaser beam 81 with respect to the blade 41 (or theblade 41 may be moved with respect to the laser beam 81). - In still other embodiments, the
laser beam 81 and the set of theblade 41 and the supportingmember 42 may be moved at the same time. - In the illustrative embodiment, the
blade 41 may comprise thecontact portion 411 protruding from theblade 41. Nevertheless, the configuration of theblade 41 might not be limited to the specific embodiment. In other embodiments, for example, as depicted in Fig. 13, theblade 41 A might not comprise a contact portion made of, for example, rubber, but may comprise abent portion 411A in which the distal end portion of theblade 41A may be bent toward the supporting member 42 (e.g., toward a side opposite to the developing roller 2). Thebent portion 411A (e.g., the distal end of the blade 41) may directly contact theroller body 2A of the developingroller 2. - In the illustrative embodiment, the distal end portion of the
blade 41 may be placed on the developingroller 2, and theblade 41 may be pinched by the supportingmember 42 and the developingcase 5. Nevertheless, the configuration of the blade unit 4 might not be limited to the specific embodiment. In other embodiments, for example, as depicted inFig. 12 , the supportingmember 42 to which theblade 41 may be welded may be fixed to the developingcase 5 directly while the supportingmember 42 is pinched by theblade 41 and the developingcase 5. In the blade unit 4, the distal end portion of the blade 41 (e.g., the contact portion 411) may contact the developingroller 2 from theconveyor member 7 side, and the surface, which may be opposite to thesurface 41 F having thecontact portion 411 thereon, of theblade 41 may be supported by the supportingmember 42. - In the illustrative embodiment, the developing
roller 2 comprising theroller body 2A and theshaft 2B may be illustrated as the developer carrier. Nevertheless, in other embodiments, for example, the developer carrier might not be limited to the specific embodiment. In other embodiments, for example, a brush roller, a developing sleeve, or a belt-shaped developer carrier may be adopted as the developer carrier. - In the illustrative embodiment, the contact portion 411 (e.g., the distal end) of the
blade 41 may be in directly contact with theroller body 2A of the developing roller 2 (as an example of the developer carrier). Nevertheless, the configuration of the blade might not be limited to the specific embodiment. In other embodiments, for example, the blade may be disposed such that its distal end portion may be substantially 0.1-1.0 mm apart from theroller body 2A. - In the illustrative embodiment, the stainless steel may be adopted as the metallic material for constituting the
blade 41. Nevertheless, the material of theblade 41 might not be limited to the specific embodiment. For example, theblade 41 may be made of, for example, steel for springs, phosphor bronze, beryllium copper, or carbon tool steel. In a case where the steel for springs or the carbon tool steel is adopted, a nickel, chromium, or zinc coating may be applied to theblade 41 for rustproof. In the illustrative embodiment, the electrolytic zinc-coated carbon steel sheet may be adopted as the metallic material for constituting the supportingmember 42. Nevertheless, the configuration of the supportingmember 42 might not be limited to the specific embodiment. In other embodiments, for example, the supportingmember 42 may be made of a cold rolled steel plate or a tinplate, or a plate made of one of the cold rolled steel plate and the tinplate whose surface may be applied with treatment such as Parkerizing, chromating, or nickel coating. The supportingmember 42 may also have a coating including press oil thereon.
Claims (10)
- A blade unit comprising:a blade (41); anda supporter (42) supporting the blade,wherein the blade includes a weld mark (43) joined to the supporter, and a dimension of the weld mark in a first direction is greater than a dimension of the weld mark in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.
- The blade unit according to claim 1, wherein the dimension of the weld mark in the first direction is 1.1 times or greater as long as the dimension of the weld mark in the second direction.
- The blade unit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first direction is parallel to a longitudinal direction of the blade.
- The blade unit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the blade is made of metallic material and the supporter is made of metallic material.
- A developing device comprising:the blade unit according to any one of claims 1 to 4; anda developer carrier (2);wherein the blade (41) is disposed adjacent to the developer carrier.
- A manufacturing method for developing device comprising a developer carrier (2), a blade (41) disposed adjacent to the developer carrier, and a supporter (42) supporting the blade, the method comprising:placing the blade on the supporter; andwelding comprising irradiating a laser beam (81) from a welding machine, while moving one of the laser beam irradiated from the welding machine and the blade with respect to the other of the laser beam and the blade, and forming a weld mark (43) joined to the supporter, a dimension of the weld mark in a first direction being greater than a dimension of the weld mark in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.
- The manufacturing method according to claim 6, wherein the welding comprises irradiating the laser beam such that the dimension of the weld mark in the first direction is 1.1 times or greater as long as the dimension of the weld mark in the second direction.
- The manufacturing method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the welding comprises irradiating a pulse laser and moving at least one of the laser beam and the blade with respect to the other of the laser beam and the blade in the first direction at a speed which allows adjacent weld marks to overlap each other.
- The manufacturing method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the welding comprises irradiating continuous wave laser and moving at least one of the laser beam and the blade with respect to the other of the laser beam and the blade in the first direction.
- The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the first direction is parallel to a longitudinal direction of the blade.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2013205680A JP6268884B2 (en) | 2013-09-30 | 2013-09-30 | Developing device, blade unit, and manufacturing method of developing device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2863268A1 true EP2863268A1 (en) | 2015-04-22 |
EP2863268B1 EP2863268B1 (en) | 2018-09-05 |
Family
ID=51626413
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14186524.6A Active EP2863268B1 (en) | 2013-09-30 | 2014-09-26 | Developing device, blade unit, and developing device manufacturing method |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2863268B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6268884B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN104516242A (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP6221906B2 (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2017-11-01 | ブラザー工業株式会社 | Developing device and manufacturing method of developing device |
EP3454134A1 (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2019-03-13 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Developing device |
JP2021107866A (en) | 2019-12-27 | 2021-07-29 | キヤノン株式会社 | Developing device |
JP7324392B1 (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2023-08-10 | 株式会社日本ピット | Surface welded structure of stainless steel plate and galvanized steel plate |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2342881A (en) * | 1998-09-26 | 2000-04-26 | Univ Coventry | Welding |
EP1394629A1 (en) * | 2002-08-28 | 2004-03-03 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Developer charging unit |
JP2008290083A (en) * | 2007-05-22 | 2008-12-04 | Toyota Motor Corp | Method and apparatus for lap laser welding |
US20130170876A1 (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2013-07-04 | Stephen Andrew Brown | Developer Unit Architecture for an Imaging Device |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3135911B2 (en) * | 1990-10-20 | 2001-02-19 | 大豊工業株式会社 | Manufacturing method of metal gasket |
JPH06188062A (en) * | 1992-12-17 | 1994-07-08 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | Electrode for spark plug |
US6535709B2 (en) * | 2000-04-13 | 2003-03-18 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Developing apparatus featuring an end of a regulating member coupled to a supporting member of the apparatus, regulating member, and method for assembling the same |
JP4192533B2 (en) * | 2002-08-28 | 2008-12-10 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Developer charging unit, developing device, image forming apparatus, and computer system |
JP2005121763A (en) * | 2003-10-15 | 2005-05-12 | Canon Inc | Developing device and method for assembling the device |
JP2007136525A (en) * | 2005-11-21 | 2007-06-07 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Method for joining dissimilar materials |
JP2008241814A (en) * | 2007-03-26 | 2008-10-09 | Konica Minolta Business Technologies Inc | Developing cartridge |
JP2010094702A (en) * | 2008-10-15 | 2010-04-30 | Toa Kogyo Kk | Method of laser welding metal plated plate |
JP2015069165A (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2015-04-13 | ブラザー工業株式会社 | Developing device, blade unit, and method of manufacturing developing device |
JP2015069166A (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2015-04-13 | ブラザー工業株式会社 | Developing device, blade unit, and method of manufacturing developing device |
JP6221906B2 (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2017-11-01 | ブラザー工業株式会社 | Developing device and manufacturing method of developing device |
-
2013
- 2013-09-30 JP JP2013205680A patent/JP6268884B2/en active Active
-
2014
- 2014-09-23 CN CN201410489756.7A patent/CN104516242A/en active Pending
- 2014-09-26 EP EP14186524.6A patent/EP2863268B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2342881A (en) * | 1998-09-26 | 2000-04-26 | Univ Coventry | Welding |
EP1394629A1 (en) * | 2002-08-28 | 2004-03-03 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Developer charging unit |
JP2008290083A (en) * | 2007-05-22 | 2008-12-04 | Toyota Motor Corp | Method and apparatus for lap laser welding |
US20130170876A1 (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2013-07-04 | Stephen Andrew Brown | Developer Unit Architecture for an Imaging Device |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
TRITIUM: "Solar Panel Tig welding", 21 June 2011 (2011-06-21), XP002736020, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://weldingweb.com/showthread.php?57437-Solar-Panel-Tig-welding&p=523926#post523926> [retrieved on 20150205] * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP6268884B2 (en) | 2018-01-31 |
EP2863268B1 (en) | 2018-09-05 |
JP2015069167A (en) | 2015-04-13 |
CN104516242A (en) | 2015-04-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP2863268B1 (en) | Developing device, blade unit, and developing device manufacturing method | |
US9152077B2 (en) | Developing device, blade unit, and developing device manufacturing method | |
US9239540B2 (en) | Developing device and manufacturing method thereof | |
US9427825B2 (en) | Developing device, blade assembly, and developing device manufacturing method | |
EP2853955A1 (en) | Developing device, blade unit, and developing device manufacturing method | |
US20220055145A1 (en) | Friction stir welding method | |
US9229357B2 (en) | Developing device, blade assembly, and developing device manufacturing method | |
JP2011206786A (en) | Friction stir welding tool, fillet joining tool, friction stir welding method, and fillet joining method | |
JP6331596B2 (en) | Developing device and manufacturing method of developing device | |
JP6311410B2 (en) | Development device manufacturing method | |
KR101689860B1 (en) | A laser cutting apparatus for forming stepped portion | |
JP2017156384A (en) | Development device and manufacturing method of the same | |
EP3677374B1 (en) | Manufacturing method for join body and manufacturing apparatus for join body | |
JP2015229391A (en) | Door sash and method for manufacturing the same | |
JP2012035303A (en) | Method for laser welding of metallic plate material | |
JP2014117731A (en) | Metallic tubular body and manufacturing method thereof | |
JP2022086327A (en) | Developing device and method for manufacturing developing device | |
EP3677375B1 (en) | Joint body, manufacturing method for joint body, and manufacturing apparatus for joint body | |
JP2017113796A (en) | Welding method and can body manufacturing method | |
US20200246914A1 (en) | Manufacturing method for joint body, manufacturing apparatus for joint body, and joint body | |
JP2008526519A (en) | Method and apparatus for manufacturing jacket member | |
KR101577031B1 (en) | Apparatus to fix electroplating parts | |
BRPI1102133A2 (en) | process for the manufacture of curved sheet metal with clean longitudinal edges applied in forming the tubular body embedded in the metal can structure; equipment for tubular forming and preparation of longitudinal edges of a sheet metal to receive weld line | |
CN117083158A (en) | Curved structure and method for manufacturing same | |
CN117580673A (en) | Electrode manufacturing device for electrode laser grooving |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20140926 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: BA ME |
|
R17P | Request for examination filed (corrected) |
Effective date: 20151022 |
|
RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20180226 |
|
GRAJ | Information related to disapproval of communication of intention to grant by the applicant or resumption of examination proceedings by the epo deleted |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSDIGR1 |
|
GRAR | Information related to intention to grant a patent recorded |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR71 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
INTC | Intention to grant announced (deleted) | ||
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20180725 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: REF Ref document number: 1038536 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20180915 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R096 Ref document number: 602014031658 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: MP Effective date: 20180905 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: LT Ref legal event code: MG4D |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: RS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180905 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180905 Ref country code: LT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180905 Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180905 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20181206 Ref country code: BG Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20181205 Ref country code: NO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20181205 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: MK05 Ref document number: 1038536 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20180905 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: HR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180905 Ref country code: LV Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180905 Ref country code: AL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180905 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CZ Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180905 Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180905 Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180905 Ref country code: RO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180905 Ref country code: PL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180905 Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180905 Ref country code: EE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180905 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180905 Ref country code: IS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190105 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180905 Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190105 Ref country code: SM Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180905 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R097 Ref document number: 602014031658 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: BE Ref legal event code: MM Effective date: 20180930 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: MM4A |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20180926 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180905 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180905 Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20180926 |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20190606 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20180930 Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20180930 Ref country code: SI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180905 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20180930 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20180926 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: TR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180905 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: HU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO Effective date: 20140926 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180905 Ref country code: MK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20180905 |
|
P01 | Opt-out of the competence of the unified patent court (upc) registered |
Effective date: 20230529 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20230810 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20230807 Year of fee payment: 10 Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20230808 Year of fee payment: 10 |