EP2861914B1 - Chauffe-eau instantané - Google Patents

Chauffe-eau instantané Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2861914B1
EP2861914B1 EP13731072.8A EP13731072A EP2861914B1 EP 2861914 B1 EP2861914 B1 EP 2861914B1 EP 13731072 A EP13731072 A EP 13731072A EP 2861914 B1 EP2861914 B1 EP 2861914B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
continuous flow
channel
flow heater
heating coil
heating
Prior art date
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Application number
EP13731072.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2861914A1 (fr
Inventor
Manuela Wagner
Walter Wagner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
C3 Casting Competence Center GmbH
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C3 Casting Competence Center GmbH
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Publication of EP2861914A1 publication Critical patent/EP2861914A1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/12—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium
    • F24H1/121—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium using electric energy supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/12—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium
    • F24H1/14—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium by tubes, e.g. bent in serpentine form
    • F24H1/16—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium by tubes, e.g. bent in serpentine form helically or spirally coiled
    • F24H1/162—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium by tubes, e.g. bent in serpentine form helically or spirally coiled using electrical energy supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/174—Supplying heated water with desired temperature or desired range of temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
    • F24H15/215—Temperature of the water before heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
    • F24H15/219—Temperature of the water after heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/238—Flow rate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/281—Input from user
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
    • F24H15/37—Control of heat-generating means in heaters of electric heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/40—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers
    • F24H15/414—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electronic processing, e.g. computer-based
    • F24H15/421—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electronic processing, e.g. computer-based using pre-stored data
    • F24H15/429—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electronic processing, e.g. computer-based using pre-stored data for selecting operation modes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1809—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for water heaters
    • F24H9/1818—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
    • F24H9/2014—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using electrical energy supply
    • F24H9/2028—Continuous-flow heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/242—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/335—Control of pumps, e.g. on-off control
    • F24H15/34—Control of the speed of pumps

Definitions

  • DE 1 335 456 U are a tubular heater with an electric heating element and a metal tube for water each guided in a helical shape with several mutually running at a small distance turns and poured into a metal body.
  • the DE 690 17 041 T2 describes a coffee machine with a heater with electrical resistance and coil in a metal block.
  • the heat losses of the metal body are relatively large and the large mass of the metal body makes the radiator sluggish, so that heating of the water flowing through the metal pipe in a short time is not possible if the metal body is not already at a high temperature.
  • a surface heater is attached to the outside of a pipe.
  • An inner tube serves as a carrier for helical ribs, but which do not extend to the outer tube, so that the heat transfer from the surface heating element to the guided over the ribs liquid is relatively poor.
  • a portion of the heat generated is emitted directly to the outside.
  • EP 1 360 918 A1 describes an espresso machine in which an electric heating coil is arranged in a boiler. To quickly provide hot water, the water in the boiler must be kept at a high temperature even before the need for hot water, which is associated with an undesirable standby operation or with long heat-up times.
  • a continuous flow electric heater for heating liquid media which consists of an extrusion with a passage for the channel to be heated Medium and a tube portion for a compacted tubular heater and is wound into a helix.
  • the heat-conductive connection from the tubular heater to the passage channel is formed only in a small peripheral region of the tubular heater, so that on the one hand the desired heat flow is reduced and on the other hand a larger peripheral area serves as a radiating surface over which a portion of the heat of the tubular heater is lost.
  • a coiled tubing with copper tube and heating resistor is wound around a water chamber, so that the heating resistor can heat the water in the chamber and the water in the copper tube, wherein the heating is used in the copper tube to generate steam. Rapid further heating of water from the chamber is only possible when the water temperature in the chamber is already at a high temperature. In the beginning, this system is very sluggish and if the water in the chamber has to be kept warm for a long time, corresponding heat losses occur.
  • US 1 595 819 describes a coiled tubing which is arranged around a longitudinal tube.
  • a refractory filling block with a spiral groove in which a heating coil is inserted so that it does not come into contact with the longitudinal tube.
  • This arrangement is complex and does not achieve sufficiently rapid heating of the liquid flowing through the coiled tubing.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an energy-efficient water heater, which is able to bring the respective liquid, such as water, milk or the like., In the shortest possible time to the desired temperature, and this in a cost effective manner. According to the invention, this is achieved by the combination of the features of claim 1.
  • the water heater is cylindrical in shape around a central axis. It comprises radially outside the outer layer with a helically arranged channel, radially inside the outer layer then the inner layer with an electric heating coil and radially inside to the inner layer then the insulation layer.
  • These three layers comprise material and shape properties corresponding to the respective function and they can be constructed of different layers. The arrangement of the layers ensures that substantially all the heat generated by the heating coil passes radially outward to the helical channel and that a structure with a small mass of material to be heated in relation to the channel volume is possible.
  • the inner layer is formed between the heating coil and the channel with small thickness and / or of material with a high thermal conductivity.
  • the inner layer comprises at least one heating coil.
  • the inner layer comprises a layer extending from the heating coil to the outer layer with heat-conducting and electrically insulating material. If the material of the inner layer between the heating coil and the outer layer with the channel is electrically non-conductive, then as a heating coil, a non-insulated heating wire can be used and the heat of the heating wire passes directly, ie without delay, in the material of the inner layer between the heating coil and the outer layer.
  • the radial thickness of this material need only be so large that an electrical penetration of the heating wire is excluded to a voltage applied to the inner layer metallic sleeve of the outer layer.
  • the layer with heat-conducting and electrically insulating material between the heating coil and the outer layer has a radial extent of less than 4 mm, in particular less than 2 mm.
  • the inner layer between the heating coil and the outer layer is formed by a compacted powder of magnesium oxide.
  • a radial distance between the heating wire and the outer layer sleeve of 2 mm, in particular only 1.1 mm, is sufficient to prevent electrical breakdown.
  • the innermost layer of the outer layer adjoining the inner layer can be formed by a thin sleeve of metal with high thermal conductivity. As a result, the heat from the heating wire with minimal delay in the medium located in the channel.
  • the solution according to the invention makes it possible to wind the heating wire onto a bolt-shaped insulating layer, preferably made of ceramic, on which, if necessary, a thin layer of thermally conductive and electrically insulating material has already been applied.
  • a bolt-shaped insulating layer preferably made of ceramic
  • thermally conductive and electrically insulating material has already been applied.
  • the outer layer comprises at least two layers which each form a wall of this outer layer.
  • the channel is incorporated into one of these walls.
  • the innermost layer of the outer layer closes the channel tight against the inside and lets the heat flow from the inner layer to the channel.
  • a middle layer of the outer layer comprises the helical channel wall and an outer layer of the outer layer closes the channel tightly against the outside.
  • the helically extending channel walls are formed as narrow as possible in a further preferred embodiment, so that in a longitudinal section of the cylindrical continuous flow heater, the predominant length fraction is preferably more than 80%, in particular more than 90%, occupied by the adjacent channel sections in the axial direction.
  • the predominant length fraction is preferably more than 80%, in particular more than 90%, occupied by the adjacent channel sections in the axial direction.
  • an insulating layer with a thermal conductivity which is as small as possible is subsequently arranged on the inside of the inner layer.
  • this insulating layer is also electrically insulating and a heating wire is wound directly onto the insulating layer.
  • a heating wire is wound directly onto the insulating layer.
  • this Embodiment is used as an insulating layer, for example, a cylindrical bolt made of ceramic material. On the bolt of ceramic material, the heating wire is wound helically.
  • a thin heat-conducting but electrically insulating inner layer of the inner layer is applied to the bolt before winding, so that the outgoing from the heating wire heat can flow around the heating wire in the heat-conductive material of the inner layer.
  • the insulation layer comprises a layer or a region which is free and through which an electrical and / or a fluid line can be guided.
  • the heating coil can thus have both electrical connections at the same end face of the flow heater, with one connection leading directly to the proximal end of the heating coil and the other through the insulation layer to the remote end of the heating coil.
  • a fluid supply line is passed through the insulating layer, so that even the small amount of heat flowing through the insulating layer can be supplied to the fluid.
  • the dimensioning of the water heater in particular the radial and axial dimensions of the outer layer and the inner layer, as well as the heating power of the heating coil can be easily adapted to the particular application.
  • the instantaneous water heater according to the invention can be advantageously used wherever predetermined flow rates of a medium at a predetermined temperature have to be provided without heat storage with short reaction times.
  • the instantaneous water heater can be designed so that, after a delay of less than 7 seconds, it can continuously supply water at a temperature of 90 ° C, with the inlet temperature of the water at around 20 ° C and the volume of water in the channel at the same time about 8500mm 3 or 8.5ml. If 8.5ml of water is contained in the channel, water must be provided for 1dl of coffee in the amount of 12 times the channel volume.
  • the water in the channel is first heated to the desired temperature during a short warm-up time. Then the water with the desired flow rate is conveyed through the water heater and heated to the desired temperature during flow.
  • the inventive water heater can ensure the desired outflow of water with the desired temperature with an electrical power of 1100 watts.
  • Laboratory equipment may have very different requirements for temperature and flow rate. The respective requirements can be met easily with the appropriate design of the inventive water heater.
  • inventive water heater can be used with appropriate design.
  • the water heater can adjust its performance or the heating of the fluid to a desired fluid outlet temperature and in particular to a respective fluid flow, it is supplemented with a controller which controls the electrical supply of the heating wire.
  • the controller must receive at least an on-off signal that determines whether the heater wire should be electrically energized or whether no heat should be generated. If the heating wire is electrically powered, it can achieve a heating power according to the flowing current. If the temperature of the heated fluid to be selected and this also for different flow rates, the controller is in addition to the on-off signal at least one more signal from a temperature sensor at the end of the water heater and / or by a flow sensor and / or by a Temperature sensor received at the inlet of the water heater and take into account when adjusting the heating power.
  • the instantaneous water heater according to the invention is also suitable for heating hot water obtained via faucets or shower heads. Because the powerful water heater can be manufactured inexpensively, it is possible to equip all consumption points with a water heater.
  • the maximum heat output can be designed for the maximum hot water consumption (maximum temperature, maximum flow) of a point of consumption, whereby the different demands on the maximum water temperature and the maximum flow can be taken into account for different consumption points such as the bathroom or kitchen.
  • the respective heating of the water can be adapted to the consumption temperature selected by the consumer. If the electrical supply of the water heater is connected via a control connection with a setting device of the fitting of the point of consumption, the heating power can be adjusted exactly to the selected position of the adjustment. If necessary, when adjusting the heating power also a temperature measurement during the passage of the water heater and / or a flow measurement used.
  • the inventive instantaneous water heater allows service water to be provided directly at a very precisely predetermined temperature. If the heating of the service water emanates from the cold water, so can be dispensed with a central hot water storage tank and the parallel laying of hot and cold water pipes. It can be assumed that the outlay for the water heaters required at the points of consumption is smaller than the expense for the hot water storage tank and the hot water pipes.
  • the instantaneous water heater according to the invention can be used in a supplementary manner where the immediate receipt of hot water is always to be ensured, ie even if the water between the hot water tank Reservoir and the point of consumption has cooled.
  • the heating power of the water heater is reduced with the arrival of the coming from the hot water storage tank hot water or possibly switched off.
  • the instantaneous water heater comprises a temperature sensor both at the inlet and at the outlet.
  • Rinsing and cleaning cycles can be used to remove dirt and limescale.
  • the channel shape can be chosen so that there are no Ansetzstellen for the attachment of dirt and lime. If the channel is accessible for cleaning must, the layers of the outer layer are formed so that at least the outermost layer of the outer layer in the axial direction can be deducted from the adjoining inner layer. As a result, the entire channel border is accessible, with a partial area at the innermost layer and a partial area at the outermost layer of the outer layer being accessible. This means that the outer layer comprises two sleeves, which can be pulled apart for cleaning.
  • the insulating layer provided with the heating wire is arranged centrally in a first sleeve of good heat-conducting material, in particular in a first sleeve of metal, and in the annular region between the heating wire and the first sleeve powdered material, preferably magnesium oxide, filled.
  • the powdery material is compressed in the annulus.
  • the filled first sleeve is narrowed radially inward by a rolling process, so that with the decreasing outer diameter of the first sleeve, the powdery material is compressed and the voids are displaced.
  • the rolled and preferably closed at least one end face first sleeve is inserted into a second sleeve, wherein in an annular space between the two sleeves of the helically arranged channel is formed.
  • the annular area between the two sleeves is sealed at the two front ends of the sleeves.
  • two rings with laser seams are tightly connected to the sleeves.
  • the helical channel may be incorporated in the outside of the first sleeve or in the inside of the second sleeve.
  • a channel wall forming coil is used for channel formation between the two sleeves.
  • the channel wall only has to ensure that the large proportion of the medium flowing through the channel flows completely along the spiral shape. Even if the channel wall does not connect completely tightly to both sleeves, a passage of the channel which is essentially following the helical shape is still ensured.
  • the channel wall can be formed with a very small thickness, so that the majority of the annular space between the two sleeves of channel areas is occupied. In this case, the channel in cross-section preferably has a substantially rectangular shape.
  • An inlet for a liquid to be heated and at the other end an outlet for the latter are then formed at one end of the channel.
  • the inlet and the outlet preferably lead in the radial direction through the second sleeve.
  • the channel is incorporated in the outside of the first sleeve, the use of a rolling process for compacting, or narrowing radially inward, through the channel walls is made more difficult.
  • the channel is incorporated in the inside of the second sleeve and thus the first sleeve can be formed very thin-walled.
  • the incorporation of the channel in the inside or the outside of a sleeve can be carried out with a turning process or a milling process.
  • the second sleeves are separated from a tube in which a continuous channel was produced by means of rotation.
  • the separated second sleeves have no end of the channel at the ends and therefore two rings with laser seams are tightly connected to the two sleeves. If the channel on the individual sleeves is worked out, it can be worked out so that a conclusion remains at both front ends and thus no rings must be used for the conclusion between the two sleeves.
  • the incorporation of the channel in the inside or in the outside of a sleeve can also be carried out before the formation of the sleeve shape.
  • a blank of a sheet can be pressed with a press into a mold, so that on one side of the sheet projecting segments of the channel wall.
  • This sheet metal with projecting segments of the channel wall can then be formed into a tubular shape and closed at adjoining side lines with a longitudinal seam, in particular a laser seam, to form a tube.
  • the segments of the channel wall then close to each other so that a helical channel wall is provided.
  • the longitudinal seam must also be formed at the channel wall.
  • the channel wall does not necessarily have to be continuous, because it only has to ensure that the water flows essentially along the channel through the instantaneous water heater.
  • Embodiments are also possible in which the channel wall is interrupted in the longitudinal seam, so that the side lines of the sheet metal blank to be joined together run along straight lines. As a result, the formation of the longitudinal seam is simplified.
  • Fig. 1 shows a flow heater 1 with at least one (preferably at least two) Efen Anlagen (s) and ground 2 in the circuit of a heating coil 3 and a sensor unit 4, which will generally comprise at least one temperature sensor.
  • a control stage 5 is connected to the output to the heating coils 3 from a power supply 6 energy.
  • this control level 5 is provided with a program memory 7 to run one of several programs that can be accessed via an input unit 8, such as a keypad, a touch screen or a mere selector switch, via this input unit 8 expediently the desired heating temperature can be entered. This temperature is measured by the sensor unit 4 and fed to the control stage 5 as an input signal.
  • an input unit 8 such as a keypad, a touch screen or a mere selector switch
  • control stage 5 is connected to a pump control device 9, with which the flow rate of each liquid pumped through the water heater 1 - and thus the supply of cold liquid - regulated (eg via a in the sensor unit 4 or separately existing pressure sensor) or by controlling the Pump speed can be controlled.
  • Fig. 3 an outer layer 10 with approximately helically wound around a longitudinal axis A, in a wall 11 of the layer 10 incorporated, preferably milled channels 12 has.
  • the channels 12 preferably have a different shape from a round or circular cross-section, and are thus - as shown - preferably rectangular or trapezoidal, so as to increase the surface area compared to the volume (compared to a circular cross-section).
  • the ratio of the channel wall 14 facing a second inner layer 13 to the helical lateral boundary wall 15 is in the range of 1: 0.2 to 1: 0.25, but pitch of the helical shape and dimension can be varied.
  • the wall of the wall 14 opposite, radially outer wall may optionally be shorter, in which case then by appropriate dimensioning of the side walls 15, a trapezoidal cross-section is formed.
  • This outer layer has as a cover to a jacket tube 16, the shrunk best or warm, but then also - at least at the ends -, conveniently by means of laser welded.
  • the continuation of the channel wall 14 corresponding extension 14a extends to at least one attached to an end face of the water heater 1 (unheated and heat resistant) cover 17, the function will be explained below and through which advantageously at least one end of the heating 3 runs (see. Fig. 1 and 2 ).
  • a respective inlet pipe 18 and a drain pipe 19 is provided, which theoretically although parallel to the axis A in the channels 12 could, but preferably transverse to the axis A of the layers having body of the water heater 1 are mounted, as shown in FIGS FIGS. 2 and 3 is apparent.
  • the inner layer 13 consists of a heat-resistant, heat-conducting, eg ceramic, Schuleitermik, in which the coils 3a of the heating element 3 are embedded. These coils 3a are coiled in the same direction as the channels 12, ie they run parallel to them, so that an optimum heat transfer from the heating coils 3a to the channels 12 takes place. For this purpose, the heating coils 3a are arranged closer to the channels 12 than to the axis A.
  • the distance a between the (circular) line of the channels 12 and the (circular) line of the heating coils is one quarter to one Fifth of the distance a 'of the line of heating coils 3a to the axis A, so that the heat transfer from the heating coils 3a to the channels 12 can be done very quickly.
  • At least one insulating layer in the form of a hollow tube 20 made of temperature-resistant material is provided against the axis A.
  • the hollow interior of this tube can be filled with heat-resistant insulating material 21, in particular ceramic, so as to reduce the energy-absorbing volume and thus to save energy when heating the liquid in the channels 12. But it is also possible to use the air inside the hollow tube 20 for the insulation.
  • Fig. 2 indicated insulating layer 22 on the outside of the water heater 1 to install.
  • a good heat-conducting or heat-storing layer 23 for example of aluminum or copper, which expediently in the axial direction only over the length of the of the layers 10th , 13 formed body of the water heater 1 extends.
  • the attachment of a connected to the control stage 5 and controlled by her vibrator 24 on the outside of the water heater 1 is advantageous.
  • its operation favors the heating, on the other hand it can be used after switching off the heater and / or shortly before commissioning for cleaning or decalcifying the channels 12.
  • the respective operating mode and / or the vibration frequency or intensity can be set by the input unit 8.
  • the axial position of the vibrator 24 is adjustable.
  • the axial position of the vibrator 24 may be adjusted prior to attaching at least one of the layers 22, 23 externally. The displacement takes place via a fixable with a clamping screw 26 support ring 25. It can but a improved heat transfer can be achieved in that at least one of the layers 22, 23 and / or (in particular) of the support ring 25 is poured.
  • a radiator 13a is provided, which is basically constructed in a similar manner as previously described with reference to the layers 13, 20 and 21.
  • the channels are not milled on the outside, but from the inside (in principle, the production of the channels would also be conceivable by turning).
  • the thus prepared wall 10a of the outer layer 10 is then warmly applied to the body 13a and adheres to it after cooling. Again, it is expedient if the outer layer 10a is subsequently welded firmly to the (axial) ends, in particular by laser welding.
  • Fig. 5 to 9 show the structure and elements of a simple to produce water heater 1.
  • the insulating layer 21 a cylindrical bolt made of ceramic material is used. Because the insulation material is sufficiently stable, it is possible to dispense with a tube 20 surrounding this material.
  • On the bolt of ceramic material of the heating element 3 or resistance heating wire is wound as a heating coil 3a.
  • the insulation layer 21 provided with the heating coil 3a is arranged centrally in a first sleeve 10b made of metal and in the annular region between the heating coil 3a and the first sleeve 10b is powdered material, preferably magnesium oxide, filled for further construction of the inner layer 13. In order to achieve the desired high thermal conductivity, the powdery material is compressed in the annulus.
  • the filled first sleeve 10b is narrowed radially inward by a rolling process, so that with the decreasing outer diameter of the first sleeve, the pulverulent material is compressed and the voids are displaced.
  • the first sleeve 10b is preferably at an end face with closed a bottom 27 and is optionally made by deep drawing from a sheet.
  • the first sleeve 10b with insulating layer 21 and the inner layer 13 is inserted into a second sleeve 10a or into a wall 10a of the outer layer 10, wherein the wall 10a of the outer layer 10 with a radially inwardly extending coiled channel side wall 15 a channel 12th forms.
  • the channel 12 is thus worked on the inside of a wall 10 a of the outer layer 10.
  • the first sleeve 10b together with the second sleeve 10a forms the outer layer 10 with two walls and an intermediate channel 12.
  • the channel side wall 15 only has to ensure that the large proportion of the medium flowing through the channel flows completely along the helical shape. Even if the channel side wall 15 does not completely close to the first sleeves 10b, a passage of the channel 12 substantially following the helical shape is still ensured.
  • the channel side wall 15 is formed with a small thickness, so that the predominant portion, preferably more than 80%, in particularly advantageous embodiments even more than 90%, of the annular space between the two continuous cylinder walls of the outer layer is occupied by channel regions.
  • the channel 12 has a substantially rectangular shape in cross section.
  • the annular region between the two sleeves 10b and 10a is sealed at the two front ends of the sleeves 10b and 10a.
  • two rings 28 are connected with laser seams tightly with the sleeves 10b and 10a.
  • an inlet pipe 18 for a liquid to be heated and at the other end a drain pipe 19 for the heated liquid are formed on the channel 12.
  • the inlet pipe 18 and the outlet pipe 19 preferably connect in the radial direction to openings 18a and 19a of the second sleeve 10a.
  • the heating coil 3a can have both electrical connections 3 at the same end face of the flow heater 1, one connection 3 leading directly to the proximal end of the heating coil 3a and the other through the insulation layer 21 to the remote end of the heating coil 3a.
  • an axial bore and a radial bore or a groove is arranged in the insulating layer 21 for the guidance of the heating conductor 3 that the heating conductor 3 does not come into contact with the bottom 27th
  • 10 to 12 show the structure and elements of another easily manufactured flow heater 1. Also in this embodiment is used as the insulating layer 21, a cylindrical bolt made of ceramic material. On the bolt of ceramic material of the heating element 3 or resistance heating wire is wound as a heating coil 3a.
  • the insulation layer 21 provided with the heating coil 3a is arranged centrally in a first sleeve 10b made of metal or in a wall 11 of the outer layer 10 and in the annular area between the heating coil 3a and the first sleeve 10b is pulverulent material, preferably magnesium oxide, for further construction the inner layer 13 filled.
  • the powdery material is compressed in the annulus.
  • a second sleeve or a jacket tube 16 of the outer layer 10 is pulled over the first sleeve 10b or over the wall 11 of the outer layer 10, wherein the outer layer 10 forms a channel 12 with a channel side wall 15.
  • the channel 12 is worked out on the outside of the wall 11.
  • the channel 12 is formed by milling so that at the two end faces of the wall 11, a conclusion is formed, which is tightly connected to the casing tube 16.
  • an inlet pipe 18 for a liquid to be heated and at the other end a drain pipe 19 for the heated liquid are formed on the channel 12.
  • the inlet pipe 18 and the outlet pipe 19 preferably connect in the radial direction to openings of the jacket pipe 16.
  • electrically insulating covers 17a are arranged, one of which comprises a protruding separating layer 17b in the electrical connections 3.
  • Fig. 13 shows an embodiment in which the insulating layer 21 has a central bore through which a fluid line 29 is guided. After the passage of the fluid line 29 through the insulating layer 21, the fluid line 29 is connected to the inlet pipe 18.
  • the heating coil has the two electrical connections 3 on each side of the flow heater 1.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Chauffe-eau instantané (1) comprenant un corps qui est formé d'au moins deux couches (10, 13, 20, 21) s'étendant autour d'un axe (A), dans lequel
    a) une couche extérieure (10) comprend un canal (12) qui est enroulé autour de l'axe (A) et la couche extérieure (10) vers le canal (12) présente une arrivée (18) pour un liquide à chauffer sur une extrémité et une évacuation (19) pour celui-ci sur l'autre extrémité,
    b) une couche intérieure (13) qui comprend une spirale chauffante électrique (3a) se raccorde à l'intérieur de la couche extérieure (10), et
    c) au moins une couche isolante (20, 21) se raccorde à l'intérieur de la couche intérieure (13),
    caractérisé en ce que
    le canal (12) est réalisé dans une paroi de la couche extérieure (10), la spirale chauffante (3a) est disposée en contact direct avec un matériau isolant électrique et thermoconducteur de la couche intérieure (13), lequel matériau s'étend jusqu'à la couche extérieure (10), et la couche isolante (20, 21) assure avec une conductibilité thermique la plus faible possible que toute la chaleur produite par la spirale chauffante s'écoule essentiellement radialement vers l'extérieur.
  2. Chauffe-eau instantané (1) selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la spirale chauffante (3a) est disposée plus proche du canal (12) que de l'axe (A), de préférence dans un quart à un cinquième de la distance jusqu'à l'axe (A).
  3. Chauffe-eau instantané (1) selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le matériau isolant électrique et thermoconducteur de la couche intérieure (13) entre la spirale chauffante (3a) et la couche extérieure (10) présente un allongement radial inférieur à 4 mm, en particulier inférieur à 2 mm.
  4. Chauffe-eau instantané (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le canal (12) de la couche extérieure (10) est formé entre deux parois (11), dans lequel une paroi est montée sur l'autre et les parois sont reliées de façon étanche entre elles sur les faces avant.
  5. Chauffe-eau instantané (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la spirale chauffante électrique (3a) est formée par un fil de chauffe (3) enroulé sur la couche isolante (21), la couche isolante (21) avec la spirale chauffante (3a) est disposée de façon centrale dans un premier manchon (10b) en matériau à bonne conductivité thermique, la région à coupe transversale annulaire entre la couche isolante (21) et le premier manchon (10b) comprend en tant que couche intérieure (13) la spirale chauffante (3a) et un matériau pulvérulent comprimé, de préférence de l'oxyde de magnésium, le premier manchon (10b) est inséré dans un second manchon (10a) et le canal (12) est formé en étant disposé hélicoïdal entre les deux manchons (10a, 10b), dans lequel la couche extérieure (10) est formée par les deux manchons (10a, 10b) et par le canal (12).
  6. Chauffe-eau instantané (1) selon la revendication 5,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le second manchon (10a) comprend sur la face intérieure, une paroi latérale de canal (15) s'étendant radialement vers l'intérieur, laquelle est formée de préférence par rotation ou le cas échéant par fraisage de la région du canal.
  7. Chauffe-eau instantané (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la couche isolante (21) est formée par un boulon cylindrique en matériau céramique.
  8. Chauffe-eau instantané (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la couche isolante (21) comprend en direction de l'axe (A), un passage pour une ligne électrique et/ou fluidique et de préférence, la spirale chauffante (3a) présente les deux raccordements électriques (3) sur le même côté avant du chauffe-eau instantané (1), dans lequel un raccordement conduit directement à l'extrémité proche de la spirale de chauffe (3a) et l'autre à travers la couche isolante (21) vers l'extrémité éloignée de la spirale chauffante (3a).
  9. Chauffe-eau instantané (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'arrivée (18) et/ou l'évacuation (19) est/sont disposée(s) transversalement à l'axe (A) du corps.
  10. Chauffe-eau instantané (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le corps présente un couvercle (17, 17a) sur au moins une de ses faces avant.
  11. Chauffe-eau instantané (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce qu'au
    moins un capteur de température (4) est prévu, dont le signal sortant peut être conduit vers un palier de réglage (5) pour l'énergie émise sur la spirale chauffante (3a).
  12. Chauffe-eau instantané (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la section transversale du canal (12) présente une forme s'écartant d'une section transversale ronde, respectivement circulaire, et que cette forme est de préférence rectangulaire ou trapézoïdale.
  13. Chauffe-eau instantané (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    dans une coupe longitudinale du chauffe-eau instantané (1) cylindrique, au niveau du canal (12), la partie longitudinale principale, à savoir plus de 80 %, de préférence plus de 90 %, est couverte par les tronçons de canal placés l'un à côté de l'autre dans le sens axial.
  14. Emploi d'un chauffe-eau instantané selon l'une des revendications précédentes pour chauffer de l'eau chaude tirée sur des points d'utilisation,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le chauffe-eau instantané est disposé sur le point d'utilisation et qu'il est complété d'une commande qui commande l'alimentation électrique du fil de chauffe et peut recevoir au moins un signal marche-arrêt qui détermine si le fil de chauffe doit être alimenté électriquement ou si aucune chaleur ne doit être produite.
  15. Emploi selon la revendication 14,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le chauffe-eau instantané permet d'adapter le chauffage respectif de l'eau à une température d'utilisation pouvant être sélectionnée par le consommateur, de préférence avec une liaison commandée entre l'alimentation électrique du chauffe-eau instantané et un dispositif de réglage du robinet du point d'utilisation, dans lequel en particulier, lors de l'adaptation de la puissance de chauffage, une mesure de température à l'évacuation du chauffe-eau instantané et/ou une mesure du débit et/ou une mesure de température à l'arrivée du chauffe-eau instantané peut être également prise en compte.
EP13731072.8A 2012-06-19 2013-06-17 Chauffe-eau instantané Active EP2861914B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH00857/12A CH706695A2 (de) 2012-06-19 2012-06-19 Durchlauferhitzer.
PCT/EP2013/062476 WO2013189869A1 (fr) 2012-06-19 2013-06-17 Chauffe-eau instantané

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2861914A1 EP2861914A1 (fr) 2015-04-22
EP2861914B1 true EP2861914B1 (fr) 2016-07-13

Family

ID=48692445

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13731072.8A Active EP2861914B1 (fr) 2012-06-19 2013-06-17 Chauffe-eau instantané

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2861914B1 (fr)
CH (1) CH706695A2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013189869A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH711968A1 (de) 2015-12-28 2017-06-30 C3 Casting Competence Center Gmbh Durchlauferhitzer.
DE102016124681A1 (de) 2016-12-16 2018-06-21 Franke Kaffeemaschinen Ag Getränkevollautomat für frischgebrühte Heißgetränke
DE102017100154A1 (de) 2017-01-05 2018-07-05 Franke Kaffeemaschinen Ag Durchlauferhitzer
DE102017118598A1 (de) 2017-08-15 2019-02-21 Franke Kaffeemaschinen Ag VORRICHTUNG ZUM ZUBEREITEN VON HEIßGETRÄNKEN
DE102018114576A1 (de) 2018-06-18 2019-12-19 Franke Kaffeemaschinen Ag Heißgetränkezubereitungsvorrichtung mit Durchlauferhitzer
WO2022026477A1 (fr) * 2020-07-29 2022-02-03 Tom Richards, Inc. Élément chauffant en ligne

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR515528A (fr) * 1920-05-15 1921-04-02 Jean Francois Courtillet Robinet distributeur automatique d'eau chaude par chauffage électrique d'eau courante
US1595819A (en) * 1925-06-18 1926-08-10 Ludwig L Bluemlein Water heater
FR764978A (fr) * 1933-12-04 1934-05-31 Chauffe-eau électrique
DE1335456U (de) 1935-04-05 1935-04-27 Siemens-Schuokertwerke Elektrischer Durchlauferhitser
FR892465A (fr) * 1943-01-04 1944-04-07 Dispositif pour chauffage de l'eau sur la canalisation
IT1101333B (it) 1978-12-21 1985-09-28 Nascardi Piero Caldaietta per macchine da caffe' espresso,ad uso familiare,e uso bar,provvista di un circuito separati,per la produzione di vapore
DE3542507A1 (de) 1985-12-02 1987-06-04 Tuerk & Hillinger Gmbh Elektrischer durchlauferhitzer
IT1237141B (it) 1989-11-28 1993-05-24 Macchina professionale per il caffe' espresso per bar
DE19829681C1 (de) 1998-07-03 2000-02-17 Stephan Herrmann Flüssigkeitserhitzer mit wenigstens einer Heizwendel, welche von Metall umgossen ist
ITMI20020244U1 (it) 2002-05-07 2003-11-07 Dalla Corte S R L Macchina da caffe' espresso con una pluralita' di gruppi erogatori
DE10322034A1 (de) 2003-05-16 2004-12-02 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg Flüssigkeitserhitzer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH706695A2 (de) 2013-12-31
EP2861914A1 (fr) 2015-04-22
WO2013189869A1 (fr) 2013-12-27

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