EP2860444B1 - LED grid luminaire - Google Patents

LED grid luminaire Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP2860444B1
EP2860444B1 EP14188296.9A EP14188296A EP2860444B1 EP 2860444 B1 EP2860444 B1 EP 2860444B1 EP 14188296 A EP14188296 A EP 14188296A EP 2860444 B1 EP2860444 B1 EP 2860444B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light
lamp according
grid elements
optical element
designed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14188296.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2860444A1 (en
Inventor
Melanie Hagenbring
Peter Dehoff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zumtobel Lighting GmbH Austria
Original Assignee
Zumtobel Lighting GmbH Austria
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zumtobel Lighting GmbH Austria filed Critical Zumtobel Lighting GmbH Austria
Publication of EP2860444A1 publication Critical patent/EP2860444A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2860444B1 publication Critical patent/EP2860444B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/0008—Reflectors for light sources providing for indirect lighting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V11/00—Screens not covered by groups F21V1/00, F21V3/00, F21V7/00 or F21V9/00
    • F21V11/06—Screens not covered by groups F21V1/00, F21V3/00, F21V7/00 or F21V9/00 using crossed laminae or strips, e.g. grid-shaped louvers; using lattices or honeycombs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V13/00—Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V1/00 - F21V11/00
    • F21V13/02—Combinations of only two kinds of elements
    • F21V13/04—Combinations of only two kinds of elements the elements being reflectors and refractors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V13/00—Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V1/00 - F21V11/00
    • F21V13/02—Combinations of only two kinds of elements
    • F21V13/10—Combinations of only two kinds of elements the elements being reflectors and screens
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V13/00—Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V1/00 - F21V11/00
    • F21V13/12—Combinations of only three kinds of elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/002—Refractors for light sources using microoptical elements for redirecting or diffusing light
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S8/00—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation
    • F21S8/04—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation intended only for mounting on a ceiling or the like overhead structures
    • F21S8/06—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation intended only for mounting on a ceiling or the like overhead structures by suspension
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/02—Refractors for light sources of prismatic shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/22—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a luminaire with raster elements and LED light sources.
  • Such lights are known from the prior art, in which the raster elements are formed by pot-shaped reflectors.
  • the raster elements are arranged either in a longitudinal direction in a row or matrix-like, so that a corresponding grid is formed.
  • the light generated by the LED light sources is emitted via these grid elements of the lamp.
  • Fig. 4 is in a cross section by way of example of the basic structure of such a lamp with four grid elements 100 outlined.
  • the lamp is designed as a ceiling light and by the grid elements 100 is accordingly a Lichtabstrahlraum R set, which here points vertically downwards.
  • the grid elements 100 are cup-shaped and each have a in the light emission direction R and downwardly facing light exit opening 200 and on the opposite side or above a bottom portion 250, on each of which one of the LED light sources 300 is disposed.
  • light from an LED light source that is reflected on the particular grid element can lead to an unpleasant glare.
  • an LED luminaire is known in which the light from the LEDs is redirected to reflective domed areas before it is emitted by the luminaire to the outside.
  • LED lights are from the fonts EP 2 532 954 A1 .
  • a luminaire with LED light sources is known, which are arranged on a bottom surface of a housing of the luminaire.
  • the housing has holes for light emission both on the side opposite the LED light sources and in the bottom surface.
  • a luminaire with a grid element is known;
  • a light-permeable plate is arranged on the light entry side of the raster element.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a corresponding improved luminaire;
  • the lamp should be able to achieve a reduced potential glare effect.
  • a luminaire which has a plurality of arranged in a plane, reflective designed grid elements, wherein a light emission direction is determined by the grid elements. Furthermore, the luminaire has a plurality of LED light sources, wherein each of the LED light sources is provided for generating a light and the luminaire is designed such that the light at least partially leaves at least one of the raster elements in the light emission direction. In this case, each of the LED light sources is arranged aligned such that it emits the light generated by it in a half-space, which faces away from the light emission direction.
  • This orientation of the LED light sources virtually eliminates potential glare from an observer.
  • the grid elements are each cup-shaped around a, parallel to the Lichtabstrahlraum extending main axis around.
  • a particularly suitable light steering can be achieved by the grid elements.
  • the luminaire further comprises an optical element with an at least partially reflecting surface area, wherein the luminaire is designed such that in each case the light generated by each of the LED light sources is at least partially reflected at the surface area and then incident in at least one of the grid elements.
  • the luminaire is designed such that in each case the light generated by each of the LED light sources is at least partially reflected at the surface area and then incident in at least one of the grid elements.
  • the surface region of the optical element extends at least to a first approximation parallel to the plane. This makes it possible to achieve a particularly suitable deflection of the light into the raster elements. In addition, can be in this way the lamp with very small dimensions parallel to the Lichtabstrahlraum or make particularly flat.
  • the surface region of the optical element is structured, in particular such that it acts diffusely scattering. In this way, the luminance can be reduced particularly efficient.
  • the surface region of the optical element has a plurality of reflector surfaces, which in particular are curved in shape.
  • the optical element is designed to be partially transparent so that in each case the light generated by each of the LED light sources partially passes through the optical element.
  • the lamp can produce a particularly suitable indirect lighting, especially if the lamp is designed as a pendant or floor lamp.
  • the optical element is advantageously formed by a film.
  • the LED light sources are arranged between the raster elements. In this way it can be achieved that those areas where particularly high luminances result, ie small "surroundings" of the LED light sources, are particularly far removed from the places where the light enters the grid elements, ie from the " Floor areas "of the grid elements.
  • the LED light sources each have a primary optic element, for example in the form of a lens or a reflector.
  • the primary-optic element is preferably a beam splitter or comprises a beam splitter.
  • each of the raster elements has a light exit opening pointing in the light emission direction and a light entry opening on the opposite side, an optically active element being arranged in the light entry opening.
  • an optically active element By means of this optically active element, a further enlarged luminous surface can be achieved; In particular, this makes it possible to distribute the light suitably to the entire light entry opening.
  • the optically active element preferably comprises a lens, a foil or a prism plate.
  • the optically active element can advantageously be made diffuse or clear.
  • the optically active elements of the grid elements are designed differently; In this case, they have a broader scattering effect in an edge region of the raster elements than in a middle region of the raster elements. As a result, for example, a combination of diffused direct light and directed, glare-free direct light can be realized.
  • optically effective elements can also influence on the amounts of light that are supplied to each of the grid elements.
  • Fig. 1 shows a cross-sectional sketch of a first embodiment of a lamp according to the invention.
  • the lamp has a plurality of arranged in a plane E, reflective designed raster elements 1, wherein a light emission direction R is determined by the raster elements 1.
  • the luminaire can be provided, for example, to be aligned for operation in such a way that the plane E extends horizontally and the light emission direction R points vertically downwards.
  • the lamp can be designed, for example, as a ceiling light or as a pendant or as a floor lamp. In the following description, for the sake of simplicity, such a horizontal orientation of the luminaire is assumed. However, the luminaire is basically also suitable for another alignment with respect to the vertical. In such a case, the relevant directions must be reinterpreted accordingly.
  • the raster elements 1 may be arranged to extend in a row or arranged in a matrix so as to form an array of raster elements extending in the plane E.
  • the raster elements 1 can, but need not all be of identical construction.
  • the grid elements 1 are each cup-shaped around a, parallel to the Lichtabstrahlraum R extending main axis A around designed.
  • the raster elements 1 can have a fundamentally arbitrary contour or a shape in a section parallel to the light emission direction R or the main axis A ;
  • the grid elements can have 1 side walls, which are straight or rounded, designed for example S-shaped.
  • Fig. 3 Different possible designs are sketched.
  • top row raster elements are sketched, which are U-shaped, in the middle row cup-shaped raster elements which are rectangular in a cross section normal to the light emission direction R rectangular, in particular square shaped and in the lower row cup-shaped raster elements which are rotationally symmetrical about the major axis A are designed around, in particular bell-shaped.
  • the lamp has a plurality of LED light sources 3, wherein each of the LED light sources 3 is provided for generating a light while the lamp so is configured such that the light leaves at least partially at least one of the raster elements 1 in the light emission direction R.
  • Each of the LED light sources 3 is arranged in such a way that it, the light generated by it - as in Fig. 1 sketched implied - emits in a half space H, which is the light emission direction R facing away. If, as stated above, the luminaire is oriented in such a way that the light emission direction R points vertically downwards, the light is correspondingly emitted into the upper half space.
  • Each of the LED light sources 3 may have a board 31, which is aligned at least substantially horizontally, wherein at least one LED 32 of the LED light source 3 is arranged on an upwardly facing surface area of the board 31.
  • the luminaire furthermore has an optical element 4 with an at least partially reflecting surface region 41.
  • the luminaire is designed such that in each case the light generated by each of the LED light sources 3 is at least partially reflected at the surface region 41 and subsequently incident in at least one of the raster elements 1.
  • the luminance densities of the quasi point-shaped LED light sources 3 can be reduced by the optical element 4, since a reduction of the intensity of the light takes place on the reflective surface region 41 and at the same time the "punctiform" light source is increased.
  • an enlarged luminous area with reduced luminance is effected.
  • the luminaire can be designed so that the surface region 41 of the optical element 4 extends at least to a first approximation parallel to the plane E.
  • the optical element 4 may be formed as part of a housing 7 of the luminaire, in particular as a roof surface of the housing 7.
  • the surface region 41 of the optical element 4 can be designed in a structured manner, in particular such that it acts diffusely scattering.
  • Fig. 1 is a possible propagation of light by arrows sketched by way of example.
  • the surface region 41 for this purpose have a plurality of small reflector surfaces, which are preferably curved.
  • the optical element 4 may be designed so teillicht admirably appear that each of the light generated by each of the LED light sources 3 partially passes through the optical element 4. The light can thus escape upwards and be used to generate indirect lighting.
  • the luminaire is preferably designed as a pendant luminaire or as a floor lamp.
  • the optical element 4 may be formed by a film.
  • the reflection of the light taking place on the optical element 4 can be referred to as "secondary reflection".
  • the LED light sources 3 may advantageously be arranged between the raster elements 1.
  • the design can in particular be such that the raster elements 1 are connected to one another in a light-tight manner at their downwardly pointing end regions. In this way, it can be avoided that a viewer who looks from below at the grid elements 1, can see directly into the areas between the grid elements 1 and is confronted in this way with higher, undesirable luminance.
  • the LED light sources 3 each have a primary optic element, for example in the form of a lens or a reflector.
  • the LED light sources 3 may be designed as such "free-radiating".
  • the primary optic element may be a clear plastic or glass lens. Such a primary-optic element can specifically influence the manner in which the light is directed onto the surface region 41.
  • the primary optic element may also be a beam splitter or comprise a beam splitter. This makes it possible to ensure particularly suitably that the light is efficiently directed into the at least one raster element 1 or into the raster elements 1.
  • Each of the raster elements 1 has a, in the light emission direction R and downwardly facing light exit opening 2 and on the opposite side or above a light inlet opening 5. It is envisaged that - as in Fig. 1 indicated - a translucent optically active element 6 is arranged in the light inlet opening; In particular, the design may be such that the optically active element 6 covers the light entry opening.
  • the optically active element 6 may be disc-shaped, for example; it may have a slightly scattering surface structure and / or have a stored bedding material.
  • optically active element 6 can be advantageously achieve a further increase in the luminous area and thus a further reduction in luminance.
  • the entire light entry opening forms a luminous surface.
  • the optically active element 6 may comprise a lens, a foil or a prism plate or consist of a lens, a foil or a prism plate.
  • the optically active element 6 can be made diffuse or clear.
  • the design of the luminaire can be such that the light from the LED light source 3 is initially - at least partially - reflected on the surface region 41 of the optical element 4, such that it subsequently enters at least one of the raster elements 1, and although through the relevant light inlet opening 5 through - optionally with passage through the optically active element 6 - and then the at least one raster element 1 - either directly or after interaction on the inwardly facing reflection surfaces of the at least one raster element 1 - leaves at least one raster element 1 via the light exit opening 6.
  • Fig. 1 this is indicated by corresponding arrows.
  • the design is furthermore such that these elements 6 are not all of identical design, but that they are designed differently.
  • the optically active elements 6 have a broader scattering effect in an edge region of the raster elements 1 than in a central region of the raster elements 1. In this way, a particularly suitable light output of the luminaire can be achieved, in particular in the case of a matrix-like arrangement of the raster elements 1. For example, this can produce a combination of diffused direct light and directed, glare-free direct light.
  • the grid elements 1 do not necessarily have to be of identical construction.
  • the choice of material for the grid elements 1 are basically no restrictions.
  • highly reflective material or scattering material may be used.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Leuchte mit Rasterelementen und LED-Lichtquellen.The invention relates to a luminaire with raster elements and LED light sources.

Aus dem Stand der Technik sind derartige Leuchten bekannt, bei denen die Rasterelemente durch topfartige Reflektoren gebildet sind. Die Rasterelemente sind dabei entweder in einer Längsrichtung in einer Reihe angeordnet oder aber matrixartig, so dass ein entsprechendes Rasterfeld gebildet ist. Das von den LED-Lichtquellen erzeugte Licht wird über diese Rasterelemente von der Leuchte abgegeben.Such lights are known from the prior art, in which the raster elements are formed by pot-shaped reflectors. The raster elements are arranged either in a longitudinal direction in a row or matrix-like, so that a corresponding grid is formed. The light generated by the LED light sources is emitted via these grid elements of the lamp.

In Fig. 4 ist in einem Querschnitt beispielhaft der prinzipielle Aufbau einer derartigen Leuchte mit vier Rasterelementen 100 skizziert. Die Leuchte ist als Deckenleuchte gestaltet und durch die Rasterelemente 100 ist dementsprechend eine Lichtabstrahlrichtung R festgelegt, die hier senkrecht nach unten weist. Die Rasterelemente 100 sind topfförmig gestaltet und weisen jeweils eine in Lichtabstrahlrichtung R bzw. nach unten weisende Lichtaustrittsöffnung 200 auf und auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite bzw. oben einen Bodenbereich 250, an dem jeweils eine der LED-Lichtquellen 300 angeordnet ist. Dabei ergibt sich das Problem, dass durch die LED-Lichtquellen 300 quasi punktförmige Lichtquellen mit sehr hohen Leuchtdichten gebildet sind, die von einem Betrachter - bei entsprechender Blickrichtung von unten bzw. schräg unten - als sehr helle Einzelpunkte wahrgenommen werden. Dies wird in der Regel als unangenehm blendend empfunden. Auch Licht einer LED-Lichtquelle, das an dem betreffenden Rasterelement reflektiert wird, kann zu einer unangenehmen Blendung führen.In Fig. 4 is in a cross section by way of example of the basic structure of such a lamp with four grid elements 100 outlined. The lamp is designed as a ceiling light and by the grid elements 100 is accordingly a Lichtabstrahlrichtung R set, which here points vertically downwards. The grid elements 100 are cup-shaped and each have a in the light emission direction R and downwardly facing light exit opening 200 and on the opposite side or above a bottom portion 250, on each of which one of the LED light sources 300 is disposed. This results in the problem that are formed by the LED light sources 300 quasi point-shaped light sources with very high luminance, which are perceived by a viewer - with appropriate viewing direction from below or obliquely below - as very bright individual points. This is usually perceived as unpleasant dazzling. Also, light from an LED light source that is reflected on the particular grid element can lead to an unpleasant glare.

Aus der US 2010/0172152 A1 ist eine LED-Leuchte bekannt, bei der das Licht der LEDs an reflektierenden gewölbten Bereichen umgelenkt wird, bevor es von der Leuchte nach außen abgegeben wird.From the US 2010/0172152 A1 For example, an LED luminaire is known in which the light from the LEDs is redirected to reflective domed areas before it is emitted by the luminaire to the outside.

Aus der DE 10 2008 031 987 A1 ist eine Leuchtvorrichtung mit einem wannenförmigen Hohlkörper bekannt, der an einer offenen Oberseite mit einer spiegelrasterartigen Abdeckung abgedeckt ist. An der Unterseite der Abdeckung sind Leuchtdioden angeordnet.From the DE 10 2008 031 987 A1 is a lighting device with a trough-shaped hollow body is known, which is covered at an open top with a mirror-like cover. At the bottom of the cover LEDs are arranged.

Weitere LED-Leuchten sind aus den Schriften EP 2 532 954 A1 , WO 2011/001329 A1 und EP 1 948 995 B1 bekannt.Other LED lights are from the fonts EP 2 532 954 A1 . WO 2011/001329 A1 and EP 1 948 995 B1 known.

Aus der DE 10 2012 205 188 A1 ist eine Leuchte mit LED-Lichtquellen bekannt, die an einer Bodenfläche eines Gehäuses der Leuchte angeordnet sind. Das Gehäuse weist sowohl auf der, den LED-Lichtquellen gegenüberliegenden Seite, als auch in der Bodenfläche Löcher für eine Lichtabgabe auf.From the DE 10 2012 205 188 A1 a luminaire with LED light sources is known, which are arranged on a bottom surface of a housing of the luminaire. The housing has holes for light emission both on the side opposite the LED light sources and in the bottom surface.

Aus der US 4,747,028 ist eine Leuchte mit einem Rasterelement bekannt; dabei ist auf der Lichteintrittsseite des Rasterelements eine lichtdurchlässige Platte angeordnet.From the US 4,747,028 a luminaire with a grid element is known; In this case, a light-permeable plate is arranged on the light entry side of the raster element.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine entsprechende verbesserte Leuchte anzugeben; insbesondere soll mit der Leuchte eine reduzierte potenzielle Blendwirkung erzielbar sein.The invention has for its object to provide a corresponding improved luminaire; In particular, the lamp should be able to achieve a reduced potential glare effect.

Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung mit dem in dem unabhängigen Anspruch genannten Gegenstand gelöst. Besondere Ausführungsarten der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved according to the invention with the object mentioned in the independent claim. Particular embodiments of the invention are indicated in the dependent claims.

Gemäß der Erfindung ist eine Leuchte vorgesehen, die mehrere, in einer Ebene angeordnete, reflektierend gestaltete Rasterelemente aufweist, wobei durch die Rasterelemente eine Lichtabstrahlrichtung festgelegt ist. Weiterhin weist die Leuchte mehrere LED-Lichtquellen auf, wobei jede der LED-Lichtquellen zur Erzeugung eines Lichts vorgesehen ist und dabei die Leuchte so ausgestaltet ist, dass das Licht zumindest teilweise wenigstens eines der Rasterelemente in der Lichtabstrahlrichtung verlässt. Dabei ist jede der LED-Lichtquellen derart ausgerichtet angeordnet, dass sie das von ihr erzeugte Licht in einen Halbraum abgibt, der der Lichtabstrahlrichtung abgewandt ist.According to the invention, a luminaire is provided which has a plurality of arranged in a plane, reflective designed grid elements, wherein a light emission direction is determined by the grid elements. Furthermore, the luminaire has a plurality of LED light sources, wherein each of the LED light sources is provided for generating a light and the luminaire is designed such that the light at least partially leaves at least one of the raster elements in the light emission direction. In this case, each of the LED light sources is arranged aligned such that it emits the light generated by it in a half-space, which faces away from the light emission direction.

Durch diese Orientierung der LED-Lichtquellen lässt sich eine potenzielle Blendung eines Betrachters praktisch ausschließen.This orientation of the LED light sources virtually eliminates potential glare from an observer.

Vorzugsweise sind dabei die Rasterelemente jeweils topfförmig um eine, parallel zu der Lichtabstrahlrichtung verlaufende Hauptachse herum gestaltet. Durch eine topfförmige Gestaltung der Rasterelemente lässt sich eine besonders geeignete Lichtlenkung durch die Rasterelemente erzielen.Preferably, the grid elements are each cup-shaped around a, parallel to the Lichtabstrahlrichtung extending main axis around. By a cup-shaped design of the grid elements, a particularly suitable light steering can be achieved by the grid elements.

Vorzugsweise weist die Leuchte weiterhin ein optisches Element mit einem zumindest teilweise reflektierenden Oberflächenbereich auf, wobei die Leuchte so gestaltet ist, dass jeweils das von jeder der LED-Lichtquellen erzeugte Licht zumindest teilweise an dem Oberflächenbereich reflektiert wird und anschließend in wenigstens eines der Rasterelemente einfällt. Durch die Reflexion des Lichts an dem Oberflächenbereich lässt sich eine Reduzierung der Intensität erzielen. Zudem wird die "punktförmige" Lichterscheinung der LED-Lichtquelle auf dem Oberflächenbereich vergrößert. Außerdem lässt sich das Licht jeder LED-Lichtquelle durch das optische Element besonders effizient in das wenigstens eine Rasterelement lenken.Preferably, the luminaire further comprises an optical element with an at least partially reflecting surface area, wherein the luminaire is designed such that in each case the light generated by each of the LED light sources is at least partially reflected at the surface area and then incident in at least one of the grid elements. By reflecting the light at the surface area, a reduction in intensity can be achieved. In addition, the "punctiform" light appearance of the LED light source on the surface area is increased. In addition, the light of each LED light source can be directed by the optical element particularly efficiently into the at least one raster element.

Vorzugsweise erstreckt sich dabei der Oberflächenbereich des optischen Elements zumindest in erster Näherung parallel zu der Ebene. Hierdurch lässt sich eine besonders geeignete Umlenkung des Lichts in die Rasterelemente erzielen. Außerdem lässt sich auf diese Weise die Leuchte mit besonders geringen Abmessungen parallel zu der Lichtabstrahlrichtung bzw. besonders flach gestalten.Preferably, the surface region of the optical element extends at least to a first approximation parallel to the plane. This makes it possible to achieve a particularly suitable deflection of the light into the raster elements. In addition, can be in this way the lamp with very small dimensions parallel to the Lichtabstrahlrichtung or make particularly flat.

Vorzugsweise ist der Oberflächenbereich des optischen Elements strukturiert, insbesondere derart, dass er diffus streuend wirkt. Auf diese Weise lassen sich die Leuchtdichten besonders effizient reduzieren.Preferably, the surface region of the optical element is structured, in particular such that it acts diffusely scattering. In this way, the luminance can be reduced particularly efficient.

Vorzugsweise weist der Oberflächenbereich des optischen Elements mehrere Reflektorflächen auf, die insbesondere gekrümmt geformt sind.Preferably, the surface region of the optical element has a plurality of reflector surfaces, which in particular are curved in shape.

Vorzugsweise ist das optische Element derart teillichtdurchlässig gestaltet, dass jeweils das von jeder der LED-Lichtquellen erzeugte Licht teilweise das optische Element durchsetzt. Auf diese Weise lässt sich mit der Leuchte eine besonders geeignete indirekte Beleuchtung erzeugen, insbesondere, wenn die Leuchte als Pendelleuchte oder Stehleuchte gestaltet ist.Preferably, the optical element is designed to be partially transparent so that in each case the light generated by each of the LED light sources partially passes through the optical element. In this way, the lamp can produce a particularly suitable indirect lighting, especially if the lamp is designed as a pendant or floor lamp.

Herstellungstechnisch vorteilhaft ist das optische Element durch eine Folie gebildet.In terms of manufacturing technology, the optical element is advantageously formed by a film.

Vorzugsweise sind die LED-Lichtquellen zwischen den Rasterelementen angeordnet. Auf diese Weise lässt sich erzielen, dass diejenigen Bereiche, an denen sich besonders hohe Leuchtdichten ergeben, also kleine "Umgebungen" der LED-Lichtquellen, besonders weit von denjenigen Stellen entfernt sind, an denen das Licht in die Rasterelemente eintritt, also von den "Bodenbereichen" der Rasterelemente.Preferably, the LED light sources are arranged between the raster elements. In this way it can be achieved that those areas where particularly high luminances result, ie small "surroundings" of the LED light sources, are particularly far removed from the places where the light enters the grid elements, ie from the " Floor areas "of the grid elements.

Vorzugsweise weisen die LED-Lichtquellen jeweils ein primäroptisches Element auf, beispielsweise in Form einer Linse oder eines Reflektors. Hierdurch lässt sich die Lichtlenkung zwischen den LED-Lichtquellen und den Rasterelementen besonders geeignet beeinflussen. Vorzugsweise ist dabei das primäroptische Element ein Strahlteiler oder umfasst einen Strahlteiler.Preferably, the LED light sources each have a primary optic element, for example in the form of a lens or a reflector. As a result, the light control between the LED light sources and the raster elements can be particularly suitably influenced. In this case, the primary-optic element is preferably a beam splitter or comprises a beam splitter.

Erfindungsgemäß weist jedes der Rasterelemente eine, in die Lichtabstrahlrichtung weisende Lichtaustrittsöffnung und auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite eine Lichteintrittsöffnung auf, wobei in der Lichteintrittsöffnung ein optisch wirksames Element angeordnet ist. Durch dieses optisch wirksame Element lässt sich eine nochmals vergrößerte leuchtende Fläche erzielen; insbesondere lässt sich hierdurch das Licht geeignet auf die die gesamte Lichteintrittsöffnung verteilen. Vorzugsweise umfasst hierzu das optisch wirksame Element eine Linse, eine Folie oder eine Prismenplatte. Das optisch wirksame Element kann dabei vorteilhaft diffus oder klar gestaltet sein.According to the invention, each of the raster elements has a light exit opening pointing in the light emission direction and a light entry opening on the opposite side, an optically active element being arranged in the light entry opening. By means of this optically active element, a further enlarged luminous surface can be achieved; In particular, this makes it possible to distribute the light suitably to the entire light entry opening. For this purpose, the optically active element preferably comprises a lens, a foil or a prism plate. The optically active element can advantageously be made diffuse or clear.

Erfindungsgemäß sind die optisch wirksamen Elemente der Rasterelemente unterschiedlich gestaltet; dabei weisen sie in einem Randgebiet der Rasterelemente eine breiter streuende Wirkung auf, als in einem mittleren Gebiet der Rasterelemente. Hierdurch lässt sich beispielsweise eine Kombination aus diffusem direktem Licht und gerichtetem, entblendetem direktem Licht realisieren. Durch unterschiedlich gestaltete optisch wirksame Elemente lässt sich auch Einfluss auf die Lichtmengen nehmen, die jedem der Rasterelemente zugeführt werden.According to the invention, the optically active elements of the grid elements are designed differently; In this case, they have a broader scattering effect in an edge region of the raster elements than in a middle region of the raster elements. As a result, for example, a combination of diffused direct light and directed, glare-free direct light can be realized. By differently designed optically effective elements can also influence on the amounts of light that are supplied to each of the grid elements.

Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen und mit Bezug auf die Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Querschnitt-Skizze zu einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Leuchte,
Fig. 2
eine entsprechende Skizze zu einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel,
Fig. 3
Skizzen zu unterschiedlichen Formgestaltungen der Rasterelemente und
Fig. 4
eine Querschnitt-Skizze, die einen Aufbau einer Rasterleuchte gemäß dem Stand der Technik prinzipiell zeigt.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments and with reference to the drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1
a cross-sectional sketch of a first embodiment of a lamp according to the invention,
Fig. 2
a corresponding sketch to a second embodiment,
Fig. 3
Sketches for different shapes of the raster elements and
Fig. 4
a cross-sectional sketch showing a structure of a grid lamp according to the prior art in principle.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine Querschnitt-Skizze zu einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Leuchte. Die Leuchte weist mehrere, in einer Ebene E angeordnete, reflektierend gestaltete Rasterelemente 1 auf, wobei durch die Rasterelemente 1 eine Lichtabstrahlrichtung R festgelegt ist. Die Leuchte kann beispielsweise dafür vorgesehen sein, zum Betrieb derart ausgerichtet zu werden, dass sich die Ebene E horizontal erstreckt und die Lichtabstrahlrichtung R senkrecht nach unten weist. Die Leuchte kann beispielsweise als Deckenleuchte oder als Pendelleuchte oder als Stehleuchte gestaltet sein. In der folgenden Beschreibung wird der Einfachheit halber von einer solchen horizontalen Ausrichtung der Leuchte ausgegangen. Allerdings eignet sich die Leuchte grundsätzlich auch für eine anderweitige Ausrichtung gegenüber der Vertikalen. In einem solchen Fall sind die betreffenden Richtungsangaben entsprechend umzudeuten. Fig. 1 shows a cross-sectional sketch of a first embodiment of a lamp according to the invention. The lamp has a plurality of arranged in a plane E, reflective designed raster elements 1, wherein a light emission direction R is determined by the raster elements 1. The luminaire can be provided, for example, to be aligned for operation in such a way that the plane E extends horizontally and the light emission direction R points vertically downwards. The lamp can be designed, for example, as a ceiling light or as a pendant or as a floor lamp. In the following description, for the sake of simplicity, such a horizontal orientation of the luminaire is assumed. However, the luminaire is basically also suitable for another alignment with respect to the vertical. In such a case, the relevant directions must be reinterpreted accordingly.

Die Rasterelemente 1 können beispielsweise derart angeordnet sein, dass sie sich in einer Reihe erstrecken oder dass sie matrixartig angeordnet sind, so dass sie ein Feld von Rasterelementen bilden, das sich in der Ebene E erstreckt.For example, the raster elements 1 may be arranged to extend in a row or arranged in a matrix so as to form an array of raster elements extending in the plane E.

Die Rasterelemente 1 können, müssen aber nicht alle baugleich ausgeführt sein. Vorzugsweise sind die Rasterelemente 1 jeweils topfförmig um eine, parallel zu der Lichtabstrahlrichtung R verlaufende Hauptachse A herum gestaltet. Die Rasterelemente 1 können dabei in einem Schnitt parallel zu der Lichtabstrahlrichtung R bzw. der Hauptachse A eine grundsätzlich beliebige Kontur bzw. eine Form aufweisen; insbesondere können die Rasterelemente 1 Seitenwände aufweisen, die gerade oder gerundet, beispielsweis S-förmig gestaltet sind. In Fig. 3 sind unterschiedliche mögliche Ausführungen skizziert. In der obersten Reihe sind Rasterelemente skizziert, die U-förmig gestaltet sind, in der mittleren Reihe topfförmige Rasterelemente, die in einem Querschnitt normal zu der Lichtabstrahlrichtung R rechteckig, insbesondere quadratisch geformt sind und in der unteren Reihe topfförmige Rasterelemente, die rotationssymmetrisch um die Hauptachse A herum gestaltet sind, insbesondere glockenförmig.The raster elements 1 can, but need not all be of identical construction. Preferably, the grid elements 1 are each cup-shaped around a, parallel to the Lichtabstrahlrichtung R extending main axis A around designed. The raster elements 1 can have a fundamentally arbitrary contour or a shape in a section parallel to the light emission direction R or the main axis A ; In particular, the grid elements can have 1 side walls, which are straight or rounded, designed for example S-shaped. In Fig. 3 Different possible designs are sketched. In the top row raster elements are sketched, which are U-shaped, in the middle row cup-shaped raster elements which are rectangular in a cross section normal to the light emission direction R rectangular, in particular square shaped and in the lower row cup-shaped raster elements which are rotationally symmetrical about the major axis A are designed around, in particular bell-shaped.

Weiterhin weist die Leuchte mehrere LED-Lichtquellen 3 auf, wobei jede der LED-Lichtquellen 3 zur Erzeugung eines Lichts vorgesehen ist und dabei die Leuchte so ausgestaltet ist, dass das Licht zumindest teilweise wenigstens eines der Rasterelemente 1 in der Lichtabstrahlrichtung R verlässt.Furthermore, the lamp has a plurality of LED light sources 3, wherein each of the LED light sources 3 is provided for generating a light while the lamp so is configured such that the light leaves at least partially at least one of the raster elements 1 in the light emission direction R.

Jede der LED-Lichtquellen 3 ist derart ausgerichtet angeordnet, dass sie das von ihr erzeugte Licht - wie in Fig. 1 skizziert angedeutet - in einen Halbraum H abgibt, der der Lichtabstrahlrichtung R abgewandt ist. Wenn die Leuchte also, wie oben angegeben, so ausgerichtet ist, dass die Lichtabstrahlrichtung R senkrecht nach unten weist, wird das Licht dementsprechend in den oberen Halbraum abgegeben. Jede der LED-Lichtquellen 3 kann eine Platine 31 aufweisen, die zumindest im Wesentlichen horizontal ausgerichtet ist, wobei auf einem nach oben weisenden Oberflächenbereich der Platine 31 wenigstens eine LED 32 der LED-Lichtquelle 3 angeordnet ist.Each of the LED light sources 3 is arranged in such a way that it, the light generated by it - as in Fig. 1 sketched implied - emits in a half space H, which is the light emission direction R facing away. If, as stated above, the luminaire is oriented in such a way that the light emission direction R points vertically downwards, the light is correspondingly emitted into the upper half space. Each of the LED light sources 3 may have a board 31, which is aligned at least substantially horizontally, wherein at least one LED 32 of the LED light source 3 is arranged on an upwardly facing surface area of the board 31.

Durch diese Ausrichtung und Gestaltung der LED-Lichtquellen 3 lässt sich vermeiden, dass ein Betrachter der Leuchte, der von unten oder schräg unten auf die Rasterelemente 1 blickt direkt in LEDs blickt und so geblendet wird.By this orientation and design of the LED light sources 3 can be avoided that a viewer of the lamp, looking from below or diagonally down on the grid elements 1 looks directly into LEDs and is blinded.

Beim Ausführungsbeispiel weist die Leuchte weiterhin ein optisches Element 4 mit einem zumindest teilweise reflektierenden Oberflächenbereich 41 auf. Dabei ist die Leuchte so gestaltet, dass jeweils das von jeder der LED-Lichtquellen 3 erzeugte Licht zumindest teilweise an dem Oberflächenbereich 41 reflektiert wird und anschließend in wenigstens eines der Rasterelemente 1 einfällt. Durch das optische Element 4 lassen sich in einem ersten Schritt die Leuchtdichten der quasi punktförmigen LED-Lichtquellen 3 reduzieren, da an dem reflektierenden Oberflächenbereich 41 eine Reduzierung der Intensität des Lichts stattfindet und gleichzeitig die "punktförmige" Lichtquelle vergrößert wird. Es wird also eine vergrößerte leuchtende Fläche mit reduzierter Leuchtdichte bewirkt.In the exemplary embodiment, the luminaire furthermore has an optical element 4 with an at least partially reflecting surface region 41. In this case, the luminaire is designed such that in each case the light generated by each of the LED light sources 3 is at least partially reflected at the surface region 41 and subsequently incident in at least one of the raster elements 1. In a first step, the luminance densities of the quasi point-shaped LED light sources 3 can be reduced by the optical element 4, since a reduction of the intensity of the light takes place on the reflective surface region 41 and at the same time the "punctiform" light source is increased. Thus, an enlarged luminous area with reduced luminance is effected.

Wie beim gezeigten Beispiel der Fall, kann die Leuchte so gestaltet sein, dass sich der Oberflächenbereich 41 des optischen Elements 4 zumindest in erster Näherung parallel zu der Ebene E erstreckt. Beispielsweise kann das optische Element 4 als Teil eines Gehäuses 7 der Leuchte ausgebildet sein, insbesondere als Dachfläche des Gehäuses 7. Für eine besonders geeignete Umlenkung des von der LED-Lichtquelle 3 stammenden Lichts in das wenigstens eine Rasterelement 1 kann der Oberflächenbereich 41 des optischen Elements 4 strukturiert gestaltet sein, insbesondere derart, dass er diffus streuend wirkt. In Fig. 1 ist eine mögliche Ausbreitung des Lichts durch Pfeile beispielhaft skizziert. Beispielsweise kann der Oberflächenbereich 41 hierzu mehrere kleine Reflektorflächen aufweisen, die vorzugsweise gekrümmt geformt sind.As in the example shown, the luminaire can be designed so that the surface region 41 of the optical element 4 extends at least to a first approximation parallel to the plane E. For example, the optical element 4 may be formed as part of a housing 7 of the luminaire, in particular as a roof surface of the housing 7. For a particularly suitable deflection of the light originating from the LED light source 3 into the at least one raster element 1, the surface region 41 of the optical element 4 can be designed in a structured manner, in particular such that it acts diffusely scattering. In Fig. 1 is a possible propagation of light by arrows sketched by way of example. For example, the surface region 41 for this purpose have a plurality of small reflector surfaces, which are preferably curved.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführung, die in Fig. 2 skizziert ist, kann das optische Element 4 derart teillichtdurchlässig gestaltet sein, dass jeweils das von jeder der LED-Lichtquellen 3 erzeugte Licht teilweise das optische Element 4 durchsetzt. Das Licht kann auf diese Weise nach oben austreten und für die Erzeugung einer indirekten Beleuchtung genutzt werden. Dementsprechend ist die Leuchte in diesem Fall vorzugsweise als Pendelleuchte oder als Stehleuchte gestaltet.According to a further embodiment, in Fig. 2 is sketched, the optical element 4 may be designed so teillichtdurchlässig that each of the light generated by each of the LED light sources 3 partially passes through the optical element 4. The light can thus escape upwards and be used to generate indirect lighting. Accordingly, in this case, the luminaire is preferably designed as a pendant luminaire or as a floor lamp.

Herstellungstechnisch vorteilhaft kann das optische Element 4 durch eine Folie gebildet sein.Manufacturing technology advantageous, the optical element 4 may be formed by a film.

Die an dem optischen Element 4 stattfindende Reflexion des Lichts lässt sich als "Sekundärreflexion" bezeichnen.The reflection of the light taking place on the optical element 4 can be referred to as "secondary reflection".

Wie im gezeigten Beispiel der Fall, können die LED-Lichtquellen 3 vorteilhaft zwischen den Rasterelementen 1 angeordnet sein. Dabei kann die Gestaltung insbesondere derart sein, dass die Rasterelemente 1 an ihren nach unten weisenden Endbereichen lichtdicht miteinander verbunden sind. Auf diese Weise lässt sich vermeiden, dass ein Betrachter, der von unten auf die Rasterelemente 1 blickt, direkt in die Bereiche zwischen die Rasterelemente 1 sehen kann und auf diese Weise mit höheren, unerwünschten Leuchtdichten konfrontiert wird.As in the example shown, the case, the LED light sources 3 may advantageously be arranged between the raster elements 1. In this case, the design can in particular be such that the raster elements 1 are connected to one another in a light-tight manner at their downwardly pointing end regions. In this way, it can be avoided that a viewer who looks from below at the grid elements 1, can see directly into the areas between the grid elements 1 and is confronted in this way with higher, undesirable luminance.

Vorzugsweise weisen die LED-Lichtquellen 3 jeweils ein primäroptisches Element, beispielsweise in Form einer Linse oder eines Reflektors auf. Alternativ können die LED-Lichtquellen 3 als solche "freistrahlend" gestaltet sein.Preferably, the LED light sources 3 each have a primary optic element, for example in the form of a lens or a reflector. Alternatively, the LED light sources 3 may be designed as such "free-radiating".

Bei dem primäroptischen Element kann es sich beispielsweise um eine klare Linse aus Kunststoff oder Glas handeln. Mit einem solchen primäroptischen Element lässt sich gezielt Einfluss auf die Art und Weise nehmen, in der das Licht auf den Oberflächenbereich 41 gelenkt wird. Das primäroptische Element kann auch ein Strahlteiler sein oder einen Strahlteiler umfassen. Hierdurch lässt sich besonders geeignet sicherstellen, dass das Licht effizient in das wenigstens eine Rasterelement 1 bzw. in die Rasterelemente 1 gelenkt wird.For example, the primary optic element may be a clear plastic or glass lens. Such a primary-optic element can specifically influence the manner in which the light is directed onto the surface region 41. The primary optic element may also be a beam splitter or comprise a beam splitter. This makes it possible to ensure particularly suitably that the light is efficiently directed into the at least one raster element 1 or into the raster elements 1.

Jedes der Rasterelemente 1 weist eine, in die Lichtabstrahlrichtung R bzw. nach unten weisende Lichtaustrittsöffnung 2 und auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite bzw. oben eine Lichteintrittsöffnung 5 auf. Dabei ist vorgesehen, dass - wie in Fig. 1 angedeutet - ein lichtdurchlässiges optisch wirksames Element 6 in der Lichteintrittsöffnung angeordnet ist; insbesondere kann die Gestaltung so sein, dass das optisch wirksame Element 6 die Lichteintrittsöffnung abdeckt. Das optische wirksame Element 6 kann beispielsweise scheibenförmig sein; es kann eine leicht streuende Oberflächenstruktur aufweisen und/oder ein eingelagertes Streumaterial aufweisen.Each of the raster elements 1 has a, in the light emission direction R and downwardly facing light exit opening 2 and on the opposite side or above a light inlet opening 5. It is envisaged that - as in Fig. 1 indicated - a translucent optically active element 6 is arranged in the light inlet opening; In particular, the design may be such that the optically active element 6 covers the light entry opening. The optically active element 6 may be disc-shaped, for example; it may have a slightly scattering surface structure and / or have a stored bedding material.

Durch das optisch wirksame Element 6 lässt sich vorteilhaft eine weitere Vergrößerung der leuchtenden Fläche erzielen und somit eine weitergehende Absenkung der Leuchtdichte. Insbesondere lässt sich erzielen, dass die gesamte Lichteintrittsöffnung eine leuchtende Fläche bildet. Beispielsweise kann das optisch wirksame Element 6 eine Linse, eine Folie oder eine Prismenplatte umfassen oder aus einer Linse, einer Folie oder einer Prismenplatte bestehen. Dabei kann das optisch wirksame Element 6 diffus oder klar gestaltet sein.By optically active element 6 can be advantageously achieve a further increase in the luminous area and thus a further reduction in luminance. In particular, it can be achieved that the entire light entry opening forms a luminous surface. For example, the optically active element 6 may comprise a lens, a foil or a prism plate or consist of a lens, a foil or a prism plate. In this case, the optically active element 6 can be made diffuse or clear.

Die Gestaltung der Leuchte kann dementsprechend derart sein, dass das Licht von der LED-Lichtquelle 3 ausgehend zunächst - zumindest teilweise - an dem Oberflächenbereich 41 des optischen Elements 4 reflektiert wird, derart, dass es im Weiteren in wenigstens eines der Rasterelemente 1 eintritt, und zwar durch die betreffende Lichteintrittsöffnung 5 hindurch - gegebenenfalls unter Durchtritt durch das optisch wirksame Element 6 - und anschließend das wenigstens eine Rasterelement 1 - entweder direkt oder nach Wechselwirkung an den nach innen weisenden Reflexionsflächen des wenigstens einen Rasterelements 1 - das wenigstens eine Rasterelement 1 über die Lichtaustrittsöffnung 6 verlässt. In Fig. 1 ist dies durch entsprechende Pfeile angedeutet.Accordingly, the design of the luminaire can be such that the light from the LED light source 3 is initially - at least partially - reflected on the surface region 41 of the optical element 4, such that it subsequently enters at least one of the raster elements 1, and although through the relevant light inlet opening 5 through - optionally with passage through the optically active element 6 - and then the at least one raster element 1 - either directly or after interaction on the inwardly facing reflection surfaces of the at least one raster element 1 - leaves at least one raster element 1 via the light exit opening 6. In Fig. 1 this is indicated by corresponding arrows.

Mit Bezug auf die optisch wirksamen Elemente 6 ist die Gestaltung weiterhin derart, dass diese Elemente 6 nicht alle baugleich ausgeführt sind, sondern dass sie unterschiedlich gestaltet sind. Die optisch wirksamen Elemente 6 weisen in einem Randgebiet der Rasterelemente 1 eine breiter streuende Wirkung auf, als in einem mittleren Gebiet der Rasterelemente 1. Auf diese Weise lässt sich insbesondere bei einer matrixförmigen Anordnung der Rasterelemente 1 eine besonders geeignete Lichtabgabe der Leuchte erzielen. Beispielsweise lässt sich hierdurch eine Kombination von diffusem direktem Licht und gerichtetem, entblendetem direktem Licht erzeugen.With regard to the optically active elements 6, the design is furthermore such that these elements 6 are not all of identical design, but that they are designed differently. The optically active elements 6 have a broader scattering effect in an edge region of the raster elements 1 than in a central region of the raster elements 1. In this way, a particularly suitable light output of the luminaire can be achieved, in particular in the case of a matrix-like arrangement of the raster elements 1. For example, this can produce a combination of diffused direct light and directed, glare-free direct light.

Auch lässt sich durch entsprechend unterschiedlich ausgebildete optisch wirksame Elemente 6 für jedes der Rasterelemente 1 eine bestimmte Lichtmenge bewirken. Wie bereits erwähnt, müssen auch die Rasterelemente 1 nicht zwingend baugleich ausgeführt sein.Also can be effected by correspondingly differently shaped optically active elements 6 for each of the raster elements 1, a certain amount of light. As already mentioned, the grid elements 1 do not necessarily have to be of identical construction.

Hinsichtlich der Wahl des Materials für die Rasterelemente 1 bestehen grundsätzlich keine Einschränkungen. Es kann beispielsweise hoch reflektierendes Material verwendet werden oder streuendes Material.With regard to the choice of material for the grid elements 1 are basically no restrictions. For example, highly reflective material or scattering material may be used.

Claims (13)

  1. A lamp having
    - several grid elements (1) designed reflectively, arranged in a plane (E) wherein a light radiation direction (R) is defined by the grid elements (1) and
    - several LED light sources (3) wherein each of the LED light sources (3) is provided for the generation of a light and the lamp is thereby designed such that the light partially leaves at least one of the grid elements (1) in the light radiation direction (R),
    wherein each of the LED light sources (3) is arranged oriented in such a way that it emits the light generated by it into a half space (H), which is turned away from the light radiation direction (R),
    wherein each of the grid elements (1) has a light emission opening (2) pointing in the light radiation direction (R),
    wherein each of the grid elements (1) has a light entry opening (5) on the side opposite the light emission opening (2),
    wherein an optically effective element (6) is arranged in the light entry opening (5),
    characterized in
    that the optically effective elements (6) of the grid elements (1) are designed differently such that they have a more broadly scattering effect in a peripheral area of the grid elements (1), than in a center area of the grid elements (1).
  2. A lamp according to Claim 1,
    in which the grid elements (1) in each case are designed cup-shaped about a main axis (A) running parallel to the light radiation direction (R).
  3. A lamp according to Claim 1 or 2,
    having moreover
    - an optical element (4) with an at least partially reflective surface area (41),
    wherein the lamp is designed such that in each case the light generated by each of the LED light sources (3) is at least partially reflected to the surface area (41) and subsequently penetrates into at least one of the grid elements (1).
  4. A lamp according to Claim 3
    in which the surface area (41) of the optical element (4) extends at least in first approximation parallel to the plane (E).
  5. A lamp according to Claim 3 or 4,
    in which the surface area (41) of the optical element (4) is structured, preferably in such a way that is has a diffusely scattering effect.
  6. A lamp according to one of claims 3 to 5,
    in which the surface area (41) of the optical element (4) has several reflector surfaces, which are preferably shaped in a curved manner.
  7. A lamp according to one of Claims 3 to 6,
    in which the optical element (4) is designed permeable to light in such a manner that in each case the light generated by each of the LED light sources (3) partially permeates the optical element (4).
  8. A lamp according to one of Claims 3 to 7,
    in which the optical element (4) is formed by a film.
  9. A lamp according to one of the preceding claims,
    in which the LED light sources (3) are arranged between the grid elements (1).
  10. A lamp according to one of the preceding claims,
    in which the LED light sources (3) in each case have a primary optical element, for example, in the form of a lens or a reflector.
  11. A lamp according to Claim 10,
    in which the primary optical element is a beam splitter or includes a beam splitter.
  12. A lamp according to one of the preceding claims,
    in which the optically effective element (6) comprises a lens, a film or a prismatic plate.
  13. A lamp according to one of the preceding claims,
    in which the optically effective element (6) is designed diffuse or clear.
EP14188296.9A 2013-10-11 2014-10-09 LED grid luminaire Active EP2860444B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201310220550 DE102013220550A1 (en) 2013-10-11 2013-10-11 LED grid lamp

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2860444A1 EP2860444A1 (en) 2015-04-15
EP2860444B1 true EP2860444B1 (en) 2016-09-28

Family

ID=51661998

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14188296.9A Active EP2860444B1 (en) 2013-10-11 2014-10-09 LED grid luminaire

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2860444B1 (en)
AT (1) AT14664U1 (en)
DE (1) DE102013220550A1 (en)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4747028A (en) * 1985-12-27 1988-05-24 Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Low-maintenance, low-glare luminaire
DE102012205188A1 (en) * 2012-03-30 2013-10-02 Tridonic Gmbh & Co. Kg LED lamp has perforated plate that is provided with several holes which are filled with transparent material, and light exit opening is provided at front of housing, through which primary light of main light beam of LED is made to pass

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7377671B2 (en) * 2003-02-04 2008-05-27 Light Prescriptions Innovators, Llc Etendue-squeezing illumination optics
US7070301B2 (en) * 2003-11-04 2006-07-04 3M Innovative Properties Company Side reflector for illumination using light emitting diode
JP5198278B2 (en) * 2005-11-11 2013-05-15 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ Lighting apparatus having LED
WO2008146229A2 (en) * 2007-05-29 2008-12-04 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Illumination system, luminaire and backlighting unit
US7494246B2 (en) * 2007-06-06 2009-02-24 Philips Lumileds Lighting Company, Llc Thin luminaire for general lighting applications
DE102008031987A1 (en) * 2008-07-07 2010-04-15 Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung lighting device
WO2011001329A1 (en) * 2009-06-29 2011-01-06 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Led luminaire using louvers as a heat sink
JP5356273B2 (en) * 2010-02-05 2013-12-04 シャープ株式会社 LIGHTING DEVICE AND LIGHTING DEVICE PROVIDED WITH THE LIGHTING DEVICE
DE102010019436A1 (en) * 2010-05-05 2011-11-10 Christian Bartenbach Wall and / or ceiling light
DE102011000402A1 (en) * 2010-10-25 2012-04-26 Emde Projects Gmbh lighting device
DE102011085291B4 (en) * 2011-07-08 2021-02-25 Zumtobel Lighting Gmbh Light influencing element for influencing the light output of essentially point-shaped light sources
DE102011080313A1 (en) * 2011-08-03 2013-02-07 Osram Ag GRID LAMP WITH SEVERAL SEMICONDUCTOR RADIATORS

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4747028A (en) * 1985-12-27 1988-05-24 Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Low-maintenance, low-glare luminaire
DE102012205188A1 (en) * 2012-03-30 2013-10-02 Tridonic Gmbh & Co. Kg LED lamp has perforated plate that is provided with several holes which are filled with transparent material, and light exit opening is provided at front of housing, through which primary light of main light beam of LED is made to pass

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102013220550A1 (en) 2015-04-16
EP2860444A1 (en) 2015-04-15
AT14664U1 (en) 2016-03-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE102013214116B4 (en) Headlamp for a glare-free high beam
AT16685U1 (en) Direct beam LED light with anti-glare optics
EP2485073B1 (en) Light with diffuse and bundled light emission
WO2013007610A1 (en) Optical element
EP2984397B1 (en) Lighting unit for a vehicle headlamp
DE102007040573A1 (en) lighting device
EP2587134B1 (en) Lamp
EP2871411B2 (en) Optical element for a lamp, and lamp
DE4312889B4 (en) Mainly direct luminaire with a suspended light guide
EP2860444B1 (en) LED grid luminaire
DE102010037630A1 (en) Lamp e.g. pendulum lamp attached to ceiling, has primary reflector that is arranged as perforated plate or slotted sheet in central light region below lighting unit at lamp housing
WO2015055693A1 (en) Optical system for an led light source and luminaire comprising such an optical system
DE202015101870U1 (en) Optical system and arrangement for emitting light
AT412901B (en) LAMP
EP2339225B1 (en) Assembly for emitting light with several point-like light sources
DE202019105265U1 (en) Luminaire with area for flat light emission
DE102018123128B4 (en) Luminaire with plate-shaped light guide element
DE202016100565U1 (en) Light guide element and light with a light guide element
EP3889499A1 (en) Light with light source and associated optics
EP3112747A1 (en) Optical element for influencing the light emitted by an extended illumination source
EP3359874B1 (en) Arrangement for emitting light
DE102012219710A1 (en) Lamp with LED light source
EP4063728A1 (en) Lamp
EP2278215B1 (en) Light with spread beam light emission for indirect lighting
DE102019108232A1 (en) Partial high beam module for a motor vehicle headlight

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20141009

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

R17P Request for examination filed (corrected)

Effective date: 20150826

RBV Designated contracting states (corrected)

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20160118

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: F21S 8/06 20060101ALN20160531BHEP

Ipc: F21V 11/06 20060101ALI20160531BHEP

Ipc: F21V 7/22 20060101ALN20160531BHEP

Ipc: F21V 13/12 20060101ALI20160531BHEP

Ipc: F21Y 115/10 20160101ALN20160531BHEP

Ipc: F21V 7/00 20060101AFI20160531BHEP

Ipc: F21V 13/10 20060101ALI20160531BHEP

Ipc: F21V 5/02 20060101ALN20160531BHEP

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20160627

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: NV

Representative=s name: WEINMANN ZIMMERLI, CH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 833091

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20161015

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 3

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: GERMAN

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 502014001582

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG4D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: RS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160928

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160928

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161228

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160928

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160928

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: MP

Effective date: 20160928

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160928

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20161031

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160928

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160928

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161229

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160928

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160928

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160928

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160928

Ref country code: SM

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160928

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160928

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170130

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161228

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170128

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160928

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 502014001582

Country of ref document: DE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160928

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: MM4A

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160928

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20161009

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20170629

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 4

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20161009

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160928

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: BE

Ref legal event code: MM

Effective date: 20161031

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO

Effective date: 20141009

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160928

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160928

Ref country code: MK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160928

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160928

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 5

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160928

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160928

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 20201021

Year of fee payment: 7

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MM01

Ref document number: 833091

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20211009

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20211009

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20221027

Year of fee payment: 9

P01 Opt-out of the competence of the unified patent court (upc) registered

Effective date: 20230530

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20231024

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20231026

Year of fee payment: 10

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20231027

Year of fee payment: 10

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20231031

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20231031