EP2854479B1 - Microwave oven with delayed activation of high voltage - Google Patents
Microwave oven with delayed activation of high voltage Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2854479B1 EP2854479B1 EP14001469.7A EP14001469A EP2854479B1 EP 2854479 B1 EP2854479 B1 EP 2854479B1 EP 14001469 A EP14001469 A EP 14001469A EP 2854479 B1 EP2854479 B1 EP 2854479B1
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- heating
- cathode
- microwave oven
- high voltage
- controller
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- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 title claims description 4
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 title 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 93
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003679 aging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
- H05B6/66—Circuits
- H05B6/68—Circuits for monitoring or control
- H05B6/681—Circuits comprising an inverter, a boost transformer and a magnetron
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
- H05B6/66—Circuits
- H05B6/666—Safety circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2206/00—Aspects relating to heating by electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields covered by group H05B6/00
- H05B2206/04—Heating using microwaves
- H05B2206/043—Methods or circuits intended to extend the life of the magnetron
Definitions
- the invention relates to a microwave oven with a magnetron comprising a cathode, an anode and a cathode heater and with a drive circuit for the magnetron.
- the invention also relates to a method for operating such a microwave oven.
- a microwave oven has a transformer with two secondary windings.
- the one secondary winding is used to drive the cathode heater of the magnetron, while the other secondary winding is used to generate the high voltage between the cathode and anode. If such a device is activated, an AC voltage is applied to the primary side of the transformer. This causes the high voltage already applied before the cathode has reached operating temperature, resulting in a poorly controlled startup process. In particular, the voltage across the magnetron before ignition is greatly increased, so that the corresponding components must be dimensioned with excessively high dielectric strength.
- US 4,825,028 describes a device in which the magnetron is applied during preheating of the cathode with low high voltage, while the current is measured by the heater. Upon reaching a threshold current, preheating is stopped and the voltage applied to the magnetron is increased.
- the drive circuit of the magnetron in a conventional manner has a high voltage generator for generating the high voltage between the anode and the cathode, and a Schustromgenerator for generating the heating current for the cathode heater. Furthermore, a controller is provided which controls these components. The controller is designed so that for activating the device (ie for switching on the magnetron), first the Schustromgenerator is activated. Only later (ie after activation of the heating current generator) is the high voltage generator activated. As a result, as described above, a defined switch-on process is achieved.
- a measuring circuit which is designed to determine a parameter dependent on the electrical resistance of the cathode heating.
- the controller is configured to set the turn-on time (i.e., the timing of activation) of the high voltage generator in dependence on said parameter.
- the timing of activating the high voltage generator is a function of the measured parameter and varies depending on how the parameter changes.
- a parameter dependent on the electrical resistance of the cathode heating is measured, and depending on said parameter, the preheating time, i. the time at which the high voltage is applied between the cathode and the anode is determined.
- the invention is based on the idea that the resistance of the cathode heating depends on the temperature of the cathode heating. By now measuring a parameter dependent on the resistance, it is thus possible to determine a measure of the cathode temperature. This allows the preheat duration to be chosen dependent on the cathode temperature, which provides a basis for turning on the high voltage when a sufficient cathode temperature is achieved. This makes it possible to reduce the preheating time when the initial cathode temperature already relatively high. In addition, the switching on of the high voltage can take place at a well-defined cathode temperature, so that a precisely defined behavior and oscillation of the magnetron are made possible with very high probability.
- a power regulator is provided, which is designed so that the power absorbed by the cathode heater power can be controlled to a desired value.
- the control is designed in this case to regulate the heating power during the preheating phase to a predetermined, in particular fixed, first setpoint. This has the advantage over a constant heating voltage or a constant heating current that the power consumption is not too large - since the cathode heater at low temperatures has a lower resistance than at high temperatures, it could otherwise with cold cathode to excessive power consumption and thus to a Damage to the components come.
- the heating power is reduced to a predetermined, in particular fixed, second (lower) setpoint value, since power is supplied to the cathode as a result of the operation of the magnetron. Therefore, without reducing the power of the cathode heater, the cathode temperature would continue to rise, affecting the life of the cathode heater.
- the measured parameter is advantageously the current through the cathode heating, or the duration of the power-controlled heating pulses. These sizes are a good measure of the heating resistance.
- the controller is configured to terminate the preheat phase when the rate of change of the parameter drops below a change threshold.
- the preheating is stopped and the high voltage is turned on when the temperature of the Cathode essentially does not change anymore.
- high voltage is understood to mean a voltage which is required as anode-cathode voltage for operation of the magnetron. In practice, this voltage is in most cases at least 1 kV, usually several kilovolts.
- a push-pull output stage is a series connection of two electronic components, which can be alternately switched continuously, so that at the center tap of the two components, a time-varying voltage.
- a half-bridge circuit is a circuit with exactly one push-pull final stage.
- a full-bridge circuit (H-circuit, H-bridge) is a circuit with two push-pull output stages connected in parallel, with the load between the center taps of the two push-pull final stages.
- the invention relates to a microwave oven, as exemplified in Fig. 1 is shown.
- the microwave oven has a cooking chamber 1 for receiving the food to be heated, which can be closed to the user by a user door 2.
- a magnetron 3 is also arranged, which is connected via a Holleiter 4 with the cooking chamber 1 in combination.
- a controller 5 controls the function of the device.
- Fig. 2 shows the most important components of the controller 5 in the present context.
- the mains voltage of e.g. 230 volts at 50 Hz is rectified in a rectifier 10.
- the first intermediate voltage Uz thus produced is then slightly filtered via a first capacitor C1, the capacitor C1, however, being dimensioned so that, under load, the value of the first intermediate voltage Uz varies by at least 50% with twice the mains frequency.
- the intermediate voltage Uz is also tapped via a diode D1 and further filtered via a second capacitor C2 to form a second intermediate voltage Uz '.
- the first intermediate voltage Uz is supplied to a high voltage generator 11, with which, as described below, the high voltage for driving the magnetron 3 is generated.
- the second intermediate voltage Uz ' is supplied to a heating current generator 12, with which, as described below, the heating current for the cathode heating of the magnetron 3 is generated.
- control unit 13 e.g. in the form of a microprocessor, controlled.
- An analog-to-digital converter of the control unit 13 is supplied via a voltage divider R5, R6 a proportional to the intermediate voltage Uz value so that it can determine the intermediate voltage Uz.
- the high voltage generator 11 comprises a full bridge circuit with four electronic switching elements T3 - T6, in particular in the form of IGBT transistors, each with a freewheeling diode.
- the switching elements T3 - T6 are arranged in a known manner in two branches T3 and T4 or T5 and T6, wherein the switching elements of each branch are respectively arranged in series between the first intermediate voltage Uz and ground. Between the switching elements of each branch, a center tap is provided in each case, wherein the two center taps are connected to the two terminals of the primary winding of a high-voltage transformer 14.
- the high voltage transformer 14 has a secondary winding with a much higher number of turns than the primary winding for generating the high voltage.
- the high voltage is rectified via two diodes D2 and D3, doubled and filtered by means of two capacitors C3 and C4.
- the high voltage Uh thus generated is applied between the cathode K and the anode A of the magnetron 3.
- a drive circuit 16 For driving the switching elements T3 - T6, a drive circuit 16 is provided, which is controlled by the control unit 13.
- the drive circuit 16 generates the control voltages (gate or base voltages) UG3 - UG6 for the switching elements T3 - T6.
- the control unit 13 is designed to switch the two branches of the full bridge circuit T3 - T6 alternately. The control is done so that during a switching cycle, the primary winding of high voltage transformer 14 is not permanently between the first intermediate voltage Uz and ground, but that the primary winding is decoupled during a time to be selected by the control unit 13 from the intermediate voltage Uz, ie the circuit is clocked with pulse width modulation, so that the value of the high voltage Uh can be controlled ,
- this can be divided by a voltage divider R10 - R13 and R14 and fed to an optocoupler 17 whose output signal is forwarded to the control unit 13. For example, a lack or non-ignition of the magnetron can be detected in this way.
- a resistor R20 is provided between the two branches T3, T4 or T5, T6 and a fixed reference potential, in particular ground.
- the initial increase in the voltage drop across this resistor at the beginning of a current pulse is a measure of the anode current of the magnetron 3 and is supplied via an amplifier 18 to the control unit 13 for measurement purposes.
- the Walkerstromgenerator 12 is formed in the present embodiment of a half-bridge with two operated as push-pull final stage switching elements T1 and T2.
- the switching elements T1 and T2 which in turn are e.g. can be configured as IGBT transistors and which are each equipped with a freewheeling diode, are arranged in series between the second intermediate voltage Uz 'and ground.
- the center tap between the two switching elements T1, T2 is connected to one terminal of the primary winding of a heating transformer 15.
- the second terminal of the primary winding of the heating transformer 15 is connected to the center tap of a capacitive voltage divider of two capacitors C5 and C6.
- the two capacitors C5 and C6 are connected in series between the second intermediate voltage Uz 'and ground.
- the diode D1 prevents current from being discharged from the capacitors C5, C6 when the high voltage generator 11 connected to the intermediate voltage Uz draws current.
- the secondary winding of the heating transformer 15 is connected to the cathode heater, i. connected to the filament, the magnetron 3 and supplies them with electricity.
- a drive circuit 20 For driving the switching elements T1 and T2, a drive circuit 20 is provided, which is controlled by the control unit 13.
- the drive circuit 20 generates the control voltages (gate or base voltages) UG1, UG2 for the switching elements T1 and T2. The type of control will be described in detail below.
- a resistor R21 is arranged, through which the current from the push-pull output stage T1, T2 through the heating transformer to ground (or. the reference potential).
- the voltage drop across this resistor is a measure of the current flowing from the second intermediate voltage Uz 'through the primary coil of the high voltage transformer 15 to ground (or reference potential). It is tapped by an amplifier 21 and fed to an analog-to-digital converter of the control unit 13.
- Fig. 3 describes how the control unit 13 controls the switching elements of the heating current generator 12.
- the figure shows the course of the voltages UG1 and UG2, which are applied to the control inputs of the switching elements T1 and T2, as well as the course of the voltage Uih, which drops across the resistor R21.
- the control unit 13 is designed to cyclically alternate the two switching elements T1 and T2 turn.
- a typical cycle period Tz is advantageously in the range of 10 - 50 ⁇ s.
- heating phases H1 and H2 The periods in which one of the switching elements T1 or T2 is turned on are referred to below as heating phases H1 and H2, respectively, and are shown in FIG Fig. 3 drawn, wherein in the heating phase H1, the first switching element T1 and H2 in the heating phase, the second switching element T2 is turned on. Between the heating phases H1 and H2 or H2 and H1 both switching elements T1, T2 are turned off.
- the phases in which both switching elements T1 and T2 are turned off are referred to as resting phases R1 and R2 and are in Fig. 3 also marked.
- the heating phases have a duration th, the rest periods a duration tr.
- the time th can be selected identically for both switching elements T1 and T2 in a simple embodiment, as well tr.
- an alternating current is generated in the primary winding of the heating transformer 15, which is supplied (except for losses in the components, in particular in the heating transformer 15) as heating power of the cathode heater of the magnetron 3.
- the average magnitude of the heating power is a function of the duty cycle, i. of the quotient th / Tz.
- the voltage drop Uih forms a parameter that depends on the resistance of the cathode heater of the magnetron 3. Assuming that no losses occur in the heating transformer 15, Uih towards the end of the heating pulse is inversely proportional to the resistance of the cathode heater.
- resistor R21 together with Amplifier 21, a measuring circuit which is adapted to determine a dependent of the resistance of the cathode heating parameters.
- Fig. 3 is a time tm plotted, to which the controller 13 measures the voltage drop Uih.
- This time tm is preferably just before the end tx of the respective heating phase H1 or H2, for example at most 1 ⁇ s before the end tx of the heating phase.
- a measurement takes place in each heating phase.
- the product P is at least approximately proportional to the power supplied to the cathode heater.
- the value of the intermediate voltage Uz ' approximately the value of the intermediate voltage Uz can be used, as it is determined by the control unit via the voltage divider R5, R6.
- Uz ' corresponds to the value of Uz except for the voltage drop across D1.
- Uz ' is sometimes somewhat larger than Uz, the difference remains small if the components are dimensioned appropriately. If Uz 'is to be determined exactly, in addition or as an alternative to R5, R6, a second voltage divider may be provided, which supplies the second intermediate voltage Uz' to the measurement of the control unit 13.
- P is averaged over a filter time which is at least half a clock period of the line voltage, i. at least 10 ms.
- An adaptation of the pulse width th occurs only after the filter time has expired.
- the control unit 13 thus forms a power regulator, with which the power absorbed by the cathode heater power can be controlled to a desired value.
- the controller 13 starts a preheat first.
- the switching elements T3 - T6 all remain switched off, so that no high voltage is applied to the magnetron 3.
- the preheating phase is then followed by an operating phase in which the switching elements T3-T6 are alternately put into operation in order to apply the high voltage to the magnetron and to generate the desired microwave radiation.
- the switching elements T1 and T2 are in the in Fig. 3 operated and described above, both in the preheating phase and (with slightly different operating parameters) in the subsequent operating phase.
- the controller gives a first setpoint for the cathode heater power. This is e.g. at 80 - 120 watts (the value to be chosen depends of course on the size and power of the magnetron).
- PTC thermistor ie, a PTC resistor
- the cathode After some time, the cathode reaches a temperature equilibrium. This time depends primarily on the initial temperature of the cathode. When the state of equilibrium is reached, the measured value Uih (tm) no longer changes. Thus, the control unit can detect the state of equilibrium by decreasing the rate of change of the measured parameter Uih (tm) below a change threshold. The smaller this threshold is chosen, the better the balance, but the longer the preheat phase lasts.
- the threshold may e.g. in percent per 10 ms, i. a threshold value of x% / 10 ms is exceeded if the measured parameter Uih (tm) does not change by more than x% over 10 ms.
- the threshold is less than 10% / 10ms (i.e., 10% over the half wave time of 10ms).
- control unit may e.g. to regulate or limit the high voltage by monitoring the signal of the opto-coupler 17, and / or to regulate or limit the current through the bridge circuit T3 - T6 to ground by measuring the signal of the amplifier 18.
- This regulation or limitation can be carried out independently of the control of the heating power.
- the voltage drop Uih across R21 is used as a parameter depending on the resistance of the cathode heater.
- the quotient Uih / Uz ' may be used as a parameter, since it is independent of variations of the second intermediate voltage Uz', or the value Uih may be e.g. are averaged over at least half a network period to compensate for the corresponding periodic variations in Uz '.
- any parameter may be used which depends on the resistance of the cathode heating, in particular the current through the cathode heating or (as in the above embodiment) the primary side current of the heating transformer 15.
- the duration th of the heating phases can be used, as these due to above described regulation is also dependent on the heating resistor.
- sequence control of the described method steps can be implemented as hardware and / or software in the control unit 13.
- a control circuit for a microwave oven has a push-pull output stage T1, T2 for driving a heating transformer 1), with which the cathode heater of the magnetron 3 is operated.
- a separate high-voltage transformer 14 is provided, which is fed by a bridge circuit T3 - T6.
- the control unit 13 of the device is to configured to preheat the cathode in a preheat phase prior to turning on the high voltage. It measures the current through the push-pull output stage T1, T2 to ground and the power of the cathode heater by varying the width of the pulses generated by the push-pull output stage T1, T2. As soon as the current stops changing, the high voltage is switched on. In this way, the duration of the preheating phase can be kept low.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Mikrowellenofen mit einem Magnetron umfassend eine Kathode, eine Anode und eine Kathodenheizung und mit einer Ansteuerschaltung für das Magnetron. Die Erfindung betrifft auch ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines derartigen Mikrowellenofens.The invention relates to a microwave oven with a magnetron comprising a cathode, an anode and a cathode heater and with a drive circuit for the magnetron. The invention also relates to a method for operating such a microwave oven.
Normalerweise besitzt ein Mikrowellenofen einen Transformator mit zwei Sekundärwicklungen. Die eine Sekundärwicklung dient zur Ansteuerung der Kathodenheizung des Magnetrons, während die andere Sekundärwicklung zur Erzeugung der Hochspannung zwischen Kathode und Anode verwendet wird. Wird ein solches Gerät aktiviert, so wird eine Wechselspannung primärseitig an den Transformator angelegt. Dies führt dazu, dass die Hochspannung schon anliegt, bevor die Kathode Betriebstemperatur erreicht hat, was zu einem schlecht kontrollierten Anlaufvorgang führt. Insbesondere ist die Spannung über dem Magnetron vor dem Zünden stark überhöht, so dass die entsprechenden Komponenten mit übermässig hoher Spannungsfestigkeit dimensioniert werden müssen.Normally, a microwave oven has a transformer with two secondary windings. The one secondary winding is used to drive the cathode heater of the magnetron, while the other secondary winding is used to generate the high voltage between the cathode and anode. If such a device is activated, an AC voltage is applied to the primary side of the transformer. This causes the high voltage already applied before the cathode has reached operating temperature, resulting in a poorly controlled startup process. In particular, the voltage across the magnetron before ignition is greatly increased, so that the corresponding components must be dimensioned with excessively high dielectric strength.
In
Es stellt sich deshalb die Aufgabe, einen Mikrowellenofen und ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art bereitzustellen, bei welchen ein schneller und dennoch kontrollierter Einschaltvorgang ermöglicht wird. Diese Aufgabe wird vom Gegenstand der unabhängigen Ansprüche gelöst.It is therefore the object to provide a microwave oven and a method of the type mentioned, in which a fast, yet controlled switch-on is possible. This object is solved by the subject matter of the independent claims.
Demgemäss besitzt die Ansteuerschaltung des Magnetrons in an sich bekannter Weise einen Hochspannungsgenerator zum Erzeugen der Hochspannung zwischen der Anode und der Kathode sowie einen Heizstromgenerator zum Erzeugen des Heizstroms für die Kathodenheizung. Weiter ist eine Steuerung vorgesehen, welche diese Komponenten steuert. Die Steuerung ist dabei so ausgestaltet, dass zur Aktivierung des Geräts (d.h. zum Einschalten des Magnetrons) zunächst der Heizstromgenerator aktiviert wird. Erst später (d.h. nach dem Aktivieren des Heizstromgenerators) wird der Hochspannungsgenerator aktiviert. Dadurch wird, wie oben beschrieben, ein definierter Einschaltvorgang erreicht.Accordingly, the drive circuit of the magnetron in a conventional manner has a high voltage generator for generating the high voltage between the anode and the cathode, and a Heizstromgenerator for generating the heating current for the cathode heater. Furthermore, a controller is provided which controls these components. The controller is designed so that for activating the device (ie for switching on the magnetron), first the Heizstromgenerator is activated. Only later (ie after activation of the heating current generator) is the high voltage generator activated. As a result, as described above, a defined switch-on process is achieved.
Weiter ist eine Messschaltung vorgesehen, welche dazu ausgestaltet ist, einen vom elektrischen Widerstand der Kathodenheizung abhängigen Parameter zu bestimmen. Die Steuerung ist so ausgestaltet, dass sie den Einschaltzeitpunkt (d.h. den Zeitpunkt der Aktivierung) des Hochspannungsgenerators abhängig vom besagten Parameter festlegt. Mit anderen Worten ist also der Zeitpunkt des Aktivierens des Hochspannungsgenerators eine Funktion des gemessenen Parameters und ändert sich abhängig davon, wie sich der Parameter ändert.Furthermore, a measuring circuit is provided which is designed to determine a parameter dependent on the electrical resistance of the cathode heating. The controller is configured to set the turn-on time (i.e., the timing of activation) of the high voltage generator in dependence on said parameter. In other words, the timing of activating the high voltage generator is a function of the measured parameter and varies depending on how the parameter changes.
Entsprechend betrifft die Erfindung auch ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Mikrowellenofens, wobei der Mikrowellenofen ein Magnetron aufweist, das eine Kathode, eine Anode und eine Kathodenheizung besitzt. Zur Aktivierung des Mikrowellenofens werden zumindest folgende Schritte durchgeführt:
- (A) Erzeugen des Heizstroms durch die Kathodenheizung. Dies erfolgt in einer Vorheizphase während Vorheizdauer.
- (B) Erst nach Ablauf der Vorheizdauer, Anlegen der Hochspannung zwischen der Anode und der Kathode.
- (A) Generating the heating current through the cathode heater. This is done in a preheat phase during preheat time.
- (B) Only after expiration of the preheating time, applying the high voltage between the anode and the cathode.
Zudem wird ein vom elektrischen Widerstand der Kathodenheizung abhängiger Parameter gemessen, und abhängig vom besagten Parameter wird die Vorheizdauer, d.h. der Zeitpunkt zu welchem die Hochspannung zwischen Kathode und Anode angelegt wird, bestimmt.In addition, a parameter dependent on the electrical resistance of the cathode heating is measured, and depending on said parameter, the preheating time, i. the time at which the high voltage is applied between the cathode and the anode is determined.
Der Erfindung liegt die Idee zugrunde, dass der Widerstand der Kathodenheizung von der Temperatur der Kathodenheizung abhängt. Indem nun ein vom Widerstand abhängiger Parameter gemessen wird, kann also ein Mass für die Kathodentemperatur ermittelt werden. Dies erlaubt es, die Vorheizdauer abhängig von der Kathodentemperatur zu wählen, was eine Grundlage dafür bietet, die Hochspannung dann einzuschalten, wenn eine ausreichende Kathodentemperatur erreicht ist. Damit wird es möglich, die Vorheizdauer zu reduzieren, wenn die anfängliche Kathodentemperatur bereits relativ hoch ist. Zudem kann das Einschalten der Hochspannung bei gut definierter Kathodentemperatur erfolgen, so dass ein genau definiertes Verhalten und ein Anschwingen des Magnetrons mit sehr hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit ermöglicht werden.The invention is based on the idea that the resistance of the cathode heating depends on the temperature of the cathode heating. By now measuring a parameter dependent on the resistance, it is thus possible to determine a measure of the cathode temperature. This allows the preheat duration to be chosen dependent on the cathode temperature, which provides a basis for turning on the high voltage when a sufficient cathode temperature is achieved. This makes it possible to reduce the preheating time when the initial cathode temperature already relatively high. In addition, the switching on of the high voltage can take place at a well-defined cathode temperature, so that a precisely defined behavior and oscillation of the magnetron are made possible with very high probability.
Weiter ist ein Leistungsregler vorgesehen, welcher so ausgestaltet ist, dass die von der Kathodenheizung aufgenommene Leistung auf einen Sollwert geregelt werden kann. Die Steuerung ist in diesem Fall dazu ausgestaltet, die Heizleistung während der Vorheizphase auf einen vorgegebenen, insbesondere fixen, ersten Sollwert zu regeln. Dies hat gegenüber einer konstanten Heizspannung oder einem konstanten Heizstrom den Vorteil, dass die Leistungsaufnahme nicht zu gross wird - da die Kathodenheizung bei tiefen Temperaturen einen geringeren Widerstand besitzt als bei hohen Temperaturen, könnte es ansonsten bei kalter Kathode zu einer übermässigen Leistungsaufnahme und damit zu einer Beschädigung der Komponenten kommen.Further, a power regulator is provided, which is designed so that the power absorbed by the cathode heater power can be controlled to a desired value. The control is designed in this case to regulate the heating power during the preheating phase to a predetermined, in particular fixed, first setpoint. This has the advantage over a constant heating voltage or a constant heating current that the power consumption is not too large - since the cathode heater at low temperatures has a lower resistance than at high temperatures, it could otherwise with cold cathode to excessive power consumption and thus to a Damage to the components come.
Mit Vorteil wird in diesem Fall ab Ablauf der Vorheizphase die Heizleistung auf einen vorgegebenen, insbesondere fixen, zweiten (tieferen) Sollwert reduziert, da mit einsetzendem Betrieb des Magnetrons der Kathode auch durch die Hochspannung Leistung zugeführt wird. Ohne Reduktion der Leistung der Kathodenheizung würde die Kathodentemperatur deshalb weiter ansteigen, was die Lebensdauer der Kathodenheizung beeinträchtigt.Advantageously, in this case, from the end of the preheating phase, the heating power is reduced to a predetermined, in particular fixed, second (lower) setpoint value, since power is supplied to the cathode as a result of the operation of the magnetron. Therefore, without reducing the power of the cathode heater, the cathode temperature would continue to rise, affecting the life of the cathode heater.
Beim gemessenen Parameter handelt es sich vorteilhaft um den Strom durch die Kathodenheizung, oder die Dauer der Leistungsgeregelten Heizpulse. Diese Grössen bilden ein gutes Mass für den Heizwiderstand.The measured parameter is advantageously the current through the cathode heating, or the duration of the power-controlled heating pulses. These sizes are a good measure of the heating resistance.
In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführung ist die Steuerung dazu ausgestaltet, die die Vorheizphase dann zu beenden, wenn die Änderungsgeschwindigkeit des Parameters unter einen Änderungs-Schwellwert abfällt. Mit anderen Worten wird das Vorheizen beendet und die Hochspannung wird eingeschaltet, wenn sich die Temperatur der Kathode im Wesentlichen nicht mehr ändert. Dieses Vorgehen hat den Vorteil, dass es auf einer Messung relativer Werte beruht und unabhängig von absoluten Werten, z.B. dem absoluten Widerstand der Kathodenheizung ist, so dass Streuungs- und Alterungseffekte der Komponenten kaum Einfluss auf den Betrieb haben.In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the controller is configured to terminate the preheat phase when the rate of change of the parameter drops below a change threshold. In other words, the preheating is stopped and the high voltage is turned on when the temperature of the Cathode essentially does not change anymore. This procedure has the advantage that it is based on a measurement of relative values and is independent of absolute values, eg the absolute resistance of the cathode heating, so that scattering and aging effects of the components have hardly any influence on the operation.
Weitere Ausgestaltungen, Vorteile und Anwendungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen und aus der nun folgenden Beschreibung anhand der Figuren. Dabei zeigen:
-
Fig. 1 einen Schnitt durch die im vorliegenden Zusammenhang wichtigsten Teile eines Mikrowellenofens, -
Fig. 2 ein vereinfachtes Schaltungsdiagramm des Mikrowellenofens und -
Fig. 3 ein Diagramm einiger Signale der Ansteuerschaltung für die Kathodenheizung.
-
Fig. 1 a section through the most important parts of a microwave oven in the present context, -
Fig. 2 a simplified circuit diagram of the microwave oven and -
Fig. 3 a diagram of some signals of the drive circuit for the cathode heater.
Als Hochspannung wird im vorliegenden Kontext eine Spannung verstanden, welche als Anoden-KathodenSpannung zum Betrieb des Magnetrons erforderlich ist. In der Praxis beträgt diese Spannung in den meisten Fällen mindestens 1 kV, in der Regel mehrere Kilovolt.In the present context, high voltage is understood to mean a voltage which is required as anode-cathode voltage for operation of the magnetron. In practice, this voltage is in most cases at least 1 kV, usually several kilovolts.
Eine Gegentakt-Endstufe ist eine Serieschaltung zweier elektronischer Bauelemente, welche abwechslungsweise durchgängig geschaltet werden können, so dass am Mittelabgriff der beiden Bauelemente eine zeitlich variierende Spannung entsteht.A push-pull output stage is a series connection of two electronic components, which can be alternately switched continuously, so that at the center tap of the two components, a time-varying voltage.
Eine Halbbrückenschaltung ist eine Schaltung mit genau einer Gegentakt-Endstufe.A half-bridge circuit is a circuit with exactly one push-pull final stage.
Eine Vollbrückenschaltung (H-Schaltung, H-Brücke) ist eine Schaltung mit zwei parallel geschalteten Gegentakt-Endstufen, wobei die Last zwischen den Mittelabgriffen der beiden Gegentakt-Endstufen liegt.A full-bridge circuit (H-circuit, H-bridge) is a circuit with two push-pull output stages connected in parallel, with the load between the center taps of the two push-pull final stages.
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Mikrowellenofen, wie er beispielhaft in
Die Netzspannung von z.B. 230 Volt bei 50 Hz wird in einem Gleichrichter 10 gleichgerichtet. Die so erzeugte erste Zwischenspannung Uz wird sodann über einem ersten Kondensator C1 leicht gefiltert, wobei der Kondensator C1 allerdings so dimensioniert ist, dass bei Last der Wert der ersten Zwischenspannung Uz mit der doppelten Netzfrequenz um mindestens 50% schwankt. Die Zwischenspannung Uz wird zudem über eine Diode D1 abgegriffen und über einen zweiten Kondensator C2 weiter gefiltert, um eine zweite Zwischenspannung Uz' zu bilden.The mains voltage of e.g. 230 volts at 50 Hz is rectified in a
Die erste Zwischenspannung Uz wird einem Hochspannungsgenerator 11 zugeführt, mit welchem wie unten beschrieben die Hochspannung zur Ansteuerung des Magnetrons 3 erzeugt wird. Die zweite Zwischenspannung Uz' wird einem Heizstromgenerator 12 zugeführt, mit welchem wie unten beschrieben der Heizstrom für die Kathodenheizung des Magnetrons 3 erzeugt wird.The first intermediate voltage Uz is supplied to a
Der Betrieb des Hochspannungsgenerators 11 und des Heizstromgenerators 12 wird von einer Steuereinheit 13, z.B. in Form eines Mikroprozessors, gesteuert.The operation of the
Einem Analog-Digital-Konverter der Steuereinheit 13 wird über einen Spannungsteiler R5, R6 ein zur Zwischenspannung Uz proportionaler Wert zugeführt, so dass diese die Zwischenspannung Uz bestimmen kann.An analog-to-digital converter of the
Der Hochspannungsgenerator 11 umfasst eine Vollbrückenschaltung mit vier elektronischen Schaltelementen T3 - T6, insbesondere in Form von IGBT-Transistoren, jeweils mit einer Freilaufdiode. Die Schaltelemente T3 - T6 sind in bekannter Weise in zwei Zweigen T3 und T4 bzw. T5 und T6 angeordnet, wobei die Schaltelemente jedes Zweigs jeweils in Serie zwischen der ersten Zwischenspannung Uz und Masse angeordnet sind. Zwischen den Schaltelementen jedes Zweigs ist jeweils ein Mittelabgriff vorgesehen, wobei die beiden Mittelabgriffe mit den beiden Anschlüssen der Primärwicklung eines Hochspannungstransformators 14 verbunden sind. Der Hochspannungstransformator 14 besitzt eine Sekundärwicklung mit wesentlich höherer Wicklungszahl als die Primärwicklung zur Erzeugung der Hochspannung. Die Hochspannung wird über zwei Dioden D2 und D3 gleichgerichtet, verdoppelt und mittels zwei Kondensatoren C3 und C4 gefiltert. Die so erzeugte Hochspannung Uh wird zwischen der Kathode K und der Anode A des Magnetrons 3 angelegt.The
Zum Ansteuern der Schaltelemente T3 - T6 ist eine Ansteuerschaltung 16 vorgesehen, welche von der Steuereinheit 13 gesteuert wird. Die Ansteuerschaltung 16 erzeugt die Steuerspannungen (Gate- oder Basisspannungen) UG3 - UG6 für die Schaltelemente T3 - T6. Die Steuereinheit 13 ist dazu ausgestaltet, die beiden Zweige der Vollbrückenschaltung T3 - T6 alternierend zu schalten. Die Ansteuerung geschieht so, dass während eines Schaltzyklus die Primärwicklung von Hochspannungstransformator 14 nicht dauernd zwischen der ersten Zwischenspannung Uz und Masse liegt, sondern dass die Primärwicklung während einer von der Steuereinheit 13 zu wählenden Zeitspanne von der Zwischenspannung Uz abgekoppelt wird, d.h. die Schaltung wird mit Pulsbreitenmodulation getaktet, so dass der Wert der Hochspannung Uh gesteuert werden kann.For driving the switching elements T3 - T6, a drive circuit 16 is provided, which is controlled by the
Zur Überwachung der Hochspannung Uh kann diese über einen Spannungsteiler R10 - R13 und R14 geteilt und einem Optokoppler 17 zugeführt, dessen Ausgangssignal an die Steuereinheit 13 weitergeleitet wird. Beispielsweise kann auf diese Weise ein Fehlen oder Nichtzünden des Magnetrons detektiert werden.To monitor the high voltage Uh this can be divided by a voltage divider R10 - R13 and R14 and fed to an optocoupler 17 whose output signal is forwarded to the
Weiter ist zwischen den beiden Zweigen T3, T4 bzw. T5, T6 und einem fixen Referenzpotenzial, insbesondere Masse, ein Widerstand R20 vorgesehen. Der Anfangsanstieg des Spannungsabfalls über diesem Widerstand zu Beginn eines Strompulses ist ein Mass für den Anodenstrom des Magnetrons 3 und wird über einen Verstärker 18 zu Messzwecken der Steuereinheit 13 zugeführt.Furthermore, a resistor R20 is provided between the two branches T3, T4 or T5, T6 and a fixed reference potential, in particular ground. The initial increase in the voltage drop across this resistor at the beginning of a current pulse is a measure of the anode current of the
Der Heizstromgenerator 12 wird in der vorliegenden Ausführung von einer Halbbrücke mit zwei als Gegentakt-Endstufe betriebenen Schaltelementen T1 und T2 gebildet. Die Schaltelemente T1 und T2, welche wiederum z.B. als IGBT-Transistoren ausgestaltet sein können und die jeweils mit einer Freilaufdiode ausgestattet sind, sind in Serie zwischen der zweiten Zwischenspannung Uz' und Masse angeordnet.The
Der Mittelabgriff zwischen den beiden Schaltelementen T1, T2 ist mit dem einen Anschluss der Primärwicklung eines Heiztransformators 15 verbunden. Der zweite Anschluss der Primärwicklung des Heiztransformators 15 ist mit dem Mittelabgriff eines kapazitiven Spannungsteilers aus zwei Kondensatoren C5 und C6 verbunden. Die beiden Kondensatoren C5 und C6 liegen in Serie zwischen der zweiten Zwischenspannung Uz' und Masse.The center tap between the two switching elements T1, T2 is connected to one terminal of the primary winding of a heating transformer 15. The second terminal of the primary winding of the heating transformer 15 is connected to the center tap of a capacitive voltage divider of two capacitors C5 and C6. The two capacitors C5 and C6 are connected in series between the second intermediate voltage Uz 'and ground.
Die Diode D1 verhindert, dass Strom aus den Kondensatoren C5, C6 abgeleitet wird, wenn der an der Zwischenspannung Uz angeschlossene Hochspannungsgenerator 11 Strom zieht.The diode D1 prevents current from being discharged from the capacitors C5, C6 when the
Die Sekundärwicklung des Heiztransformators 15 ist mit der Kathodenheizung, d.h. dem Filament, des Magnetrons 3 verbunden und versorgt diese mit Strom.The secondary winding of the heating transformer 15 is connected to the cathode heater, i. connected to the filament, the
Zum Ansteuern der Schaltelemente T1 und T2 ist eine Ansteuerschaltung 20 vorgesehen, welche von der Steuereinheit 13 gesteuert wird. Die Ansteuerschaltung 20 erzeugt die Steuerspannungen (Gate- oder Basisspannungen) UG1, UG2 für die Schaltelemente T1 bzw. T2. Die Art der Ansteuerung wird weiter unten im Detail beschrieben.For driving the switching elements T1 and T2, a
Zwischen der Gegentakt-Endstufe, gebildet von den Schaltelementen T1, T2, und der Masse (oder einem anderen festen Referenzpotenzial) ist ein Widerstand R21 angeordnet, durch welchen der Strom von der Gegentakt-Endstufe T1, T2 durch den Heiztransformator gegen Masse (bzw. das Referenzpotenzial) abfliesst. Der Spannungsabfall über diesem Widerstand ist ein Mass für den Strom, der von der zweiten Zwischenspannung Uz' durch die Primärspule des Hochspannungstransformators 15 gegen Masse (bzw. Referenzpotenzial) fliesst. Er wird von einem Verstärker 21 abgegriffen und einem Analog-Digital-Konverter der Steuereinheit 13 zugeführt.Between the push-pull output stage, formed by the switching elements T1, T2, and the ground (or other fixed reference potential), a resistor R21 is arranged, through which the current from the push-pull output stage T1, T2 through the heating transformer to ground (or. the reference potential). The voltage drop across this resistor is a measure of the current flowing from the second intermediate voltage Uz 'through the primary coil of the high voltage transformer 15 to ground (or reference potential). It is tapped by an amplifier 21 and fed to an analog-to-digital converter of the
Im Folgenden wird anhand von
Die Steuereinheit 13 ist dazu ausgestaltet, die beiden Schaltelemente T1 und T2 zyklisch alternierend einzuschalten. Eine typische Zyklusperiode Tz liegt vorteilhaft im Bereich von 10 - 50 µs.The
Die Zeitspannen, in denen eines der Schaltelemente T1 oder T2 eingeschaltet ist, werden im Folgenden als Heizphasen H1 bzw. H2 bezeichnet und sind in
Die Zeit th kann in einer einfachen Ausführung für beide Schaltelemente T1 und T2 identisch gewählt werden, ebenso tr.The time th can be selected identically for both switching elements T1 and T2 in a simple embodiment, as well tr.
Auf diese Weise wird in der Primärwicklung des Heiztransformators 15 ein Wechselstrom erzeugt, der (bis auf Verluste in den Komponenten, insbesondere im Heiztransformator 15) als Heizleistung der Kathodenheizung des Magnetrons 3 zugeführt wird. Die gemittelte Grösse der Heizleistung ist eine Funktion des Tastverhältnisses, d.h. des Quotienten th/Tz.In this way, an alternating current is generated in the primary winding of the heating transformer 15, which is supplied (except for losses in the components, in particular in the heating transformer 15) as heating power of the cathode heater of the
Wie aus
Der Spannungsabfall Uih bildet einen Parameter, der vom Widerstand der Kathodenheizung des Magnetrons 3 abhängt. Unter der Annahme, dass keine Verluste im Heiztransformator 15 auftreten, ist Uih gegen Ende des Heizpulses umgekehrt proportional zum Widerstand der Kathodenheizung. Somit bilden Widerstand R21 zusammen mit Verstärker 21 eine Messschaltung, welche dazu ausgestaltet ist, einen vom Widerstand der Kathodenheizung abhängigen Parameter zu bestimmen.The voltage drop Uih forms a parameter that depends on the resistance of the cathode heater of the
In
Die Steuereinheit 13 ist dazu ausgestaltet, das Produkt P = Uz' · Uih(tm) · th konstant zu halten, indem die Dauer th der Heizphasen abhängig von den Werten von Uih(tm) und Uz' variiert wird. Das Produkt P ist zumindest näherungsweise proportional zur Leistung, welche der Kathodenheizung zugeführt wird.The
Für den Wert der Zwischenspannung Uz' kann näherungsweise der Wert der Zwischenspannung Uz benutzt werden, wie er von der Steuereinheit über den Spannungsteiler R5, R6 ermittelt wird. Solange (in der Vorheizphase) der Hochspannungsgenerator 11 nicht in Betrieb ist, entspricht Uz' bis auf den Spannungsabfall über D1 dem Wert von Uz. Danach ist Uz' zwar teilweise etwas grösser als Uz, doch bleibt bei geeigneter Dimensionierung der Komponenten der Unterschied klein. Falls Uz' genau bestimmt werden soll, kann zusätzlich oder alternativ zu R5, R6 ein zweiter Spannungsteiler vorgesehen sein, der die zweite Zwischenspannung Uz' zur Messung der Steuereinheit 13 zuführt.For the value of the intermediate voltage Uz 'approximately the value of the intermediate voltage Uz can be used, as it is determined by the control unit via the voltage divider R5, R6. As long as (in the preheating phase) the high-
Vorzugsweise wird P über eine Filterzeit gemittelt, welche mindestens eine halbe Taktperiode der Netzspannung, d.h. mindestens 10 ms, beträgt. Eine Anpassung der Pulsweite th erfolgt erst nach Ablauf der Filterzeit.Preferably, P is averaged over a filter time which is at least half a clock period of the line voltage, i. at least 10 ms. An adaptation of the pulse width th occurs only after the filter time has expired.
P ist ein direktes Mass für die Leistung, welche die Gegentakt-Endstufe T1, T2 abgibt, und somit (unter Vernachlässigung der Verlustleistungen, insbesondere im Heiztransformator 15) auch ein Mass für die Heizleistung der Kathodenheizung des Magnetrons 3. Somit bildet die Steuereinheit 13 also einen Leistungsregler, mit welchem die von der Kathodenheizung aufgenommene Leistung auf einen Sollwert geregelt werden kann.P is a direct measure of the power that the push-pull power amplifier T1, T2 delivers, and thus (neglecting the power losses, in particular in the heating transformer 15) is also a measure of the heating power of the cathode heater of the
Wenn der Benutzer den Mikrowellenofen aktiviert, d.h. den Befehl gegeben hat, den Lebensmitteln im Garraum Energie zuzuführen, startet die Steuerung 13 zunächst eine Vorheizphase. In dieser Vorheizphase bleiben die Schaltelemente T3 - T6 alle ausgeschaltet, so dass keine Hochspannung am Magnetron 3 anliegt. An die Vorheizphase schliesst sodann eine Betriebsphase an, in welcher auch die Schaltelemente T3 - T6 alternierend in Betrieb genommen werden, um die Hochspannung an das Magnetron anzulegen und die gewünschte Mikrowellenstrahlung zu erzeugen.If the user activates the microwave oven, i. has given the order to supply energy to the food in the oven, the
Die Schaltelemente T1 und T2 werden in der in
Während der Vorheizphase gibt sich die Steuerung einen ersten Sollwert für die Leistung der Kathodenheizung vor. Dieser liegt z.B. bei 80 - 120 Watt (wobei der konkret zu wählende Wert natürlich von der Grösse und Leistung des Magnetrons abhängt).During the preheat phase, the controller gives a first setpoint for the cathode heater power. This is e.g. at 80 - 120 watts (the value to be chosen depends of course on the size and power of the magnetron).
Im Verlauf der Vorheizphase steigt die Temperatur der Kathode an. Da die Kathodenheizung ein Kaltleiter (d.h. ein PTC-Widerstand) ist, erhöht sich mit zunehmender Temperatur deren Widerstand. Dadurch wird die Spannung Uih kleiner. Da die Steuereinheit 13 das Produkt P = Uz'· Uih(tm) · th auf einen konstanten Wert zu regeln versucht, erhöht sie die Dauer th der Heizphasen, um so das Produkt konstant zu halten. Dadurch werden die Strompulse, welche von der Gegentakt-Endstufe T1, T2 erzeugt werden, länger, und die abgegebene Leistung bleibt ungefähr konstant.During the preheating phase, the temperature of the cathode rises. Since the cathode heater is a PTC thermistor (ie, a PTC resistor), its resistance increases with increasing temperature. This will reduce the voltage Uih. Since the
Nach gewisser Zeit erreicht die Kathode ein Temperaturgleichgewicht. Diese Zeit hängt primär von der Anfangstemperatur der Kathode ab. Bei Erreichen des Gleichgewichtszustandes ändert sich der gemessene Wert Uih(tm) nicht mehr. Somit kann die Steuereinheit den Gleichgewichtszustand dadurch erkennen, dass die Änderungsgeschwindigkeit des gemessenen Parameters Uih(tm) unter einen Änderungs-Schwellwert abfällt. Je kleiner dieser Schwellwert gewählt wird, desto besser ist das Gleichgewicht, aber desto länger dauert die Vorheizphase. Der Schwellwert kann z.B. in Prozent pro 10 ms angegeben werden, d.h. ein Schwellwert von x%/10ms wird unterschritten, wenn sich der gemessene Parameter Uih(tm) über 10 ms um nicht mehr als x% ändert. Vorteilhaft ist der Schwellwert kleiner als 10%/10ms (d.h. 10% über die Halbwellenzeit von 10 ms).After some time, the cathode reaches a temperature equilibrium. This time depends primarily on the initial temperature of the cathode. When the state of equilibrium is reached, the measured value Uih (tm) no longer changes. Thus, the control unit can detect the state of equilibrium by decreasing the rate of change of the measured parameter Uih (tm) below a change threshold. The smaller this threshold is chosen, the better the balance, but the longer the preheat phase lasts. The threshold may e.g. in percent per 10 ms, i. a threshold value of x% / 10 ms is exceeded if the measured parameter Uih (tm) does not change by more than x% over 10 ms. Advantageously, the threshold is less than 10% / 10ms (i.e., 10% over the half wave time of 10ms).
Sobald die Änderungsgeschwindigkeit des Parameters den genannten Schwellwert unterschreitet, was je nach Anfangstemperatur der Kathode typisch nach zwei bis acht Sekunden der Fall ist, beendet die Steuereinheit 13 die Vorheizphase und leitet die Betriebsphase ein:
- Hierzu beginnt sie die Brückenschaltung T3 - T6 zu betreiben, indem sie in alternierend die Schaltelemente T3 und T6 bzw. T4 und T5 aktiviert, um so eine Wechselstrom in der Primärwicklung des Hochspannungstransformators 14 zu erzeugen, wodurch die Hochspannung über der Kathode und Anode des
Magnetrons 3 aufgebaut wird. - Weiter reduziert die
Steuereinheit 13 den Sollwert für die Heizleistung der Kathodenheizung auf einen zweiten Sollwert, da der Kathode nun auch über die Hochspannung Leistung zugeführt wird. Vorteilhaft wird der Sollwert um mindestens 30% reduziert, z.B. auf 30 - 40 Watt.
- To this end, it starts to operate the bridge circuit T3-T6 by alternately activating the switching elements T3 and T6 or T4 and T5 so as to generate an alternating current in the primary winding of the high-
voltage transformer 14, whereby the high voltage across the cathode and anode of themagnetron 3 is built. - Further, the
control unit 13 reduces the target value for the heating power of the cathode heater to a second desired value, since the cathode is now also supplied with power via the high voltage. Advantageously, the setpoint is reduced by at least 30%, for example to 30-40 watts.
In der Betriebsphase kann die Steuereinheit z.B. die Hochspannung regeln oder begrenzen, indem sie das Signal des Optokopplers 17 überwacht, und/oder sie kann den Strom durch die Brückenschaltung T3 - T6 gegen Masse regeln oder begrenzen, indem sie das Signal des Verstärkers 18 misst. Diese Regelung bzw. Begrenzung kann unabhängig von der Regelung der Heizleistung erfolgen.In the operating phase, the control unit may e.g. to regulate or limit the high voltage by monitoring the signal of the opto-coupler 17, and / or to regulate or limit the current through the bridge circuit T3 - T6 to ground by measuring the signal of the
Im obigen Ausführungsbeispiel wird der Spannungsabfall Uih über R21 als Parameter verwendet, der vom Widerstand der Kathodenheizung abhängt. Alternativ kann z.B. auch der Quotient Uih/Uz' als Parameter eingesetzt werden, da dieser unabhängig von Schwankungen der zweiten Zwischenspannung Uz' ist, oder der Wert Uih kann z.B. über mindestens eine halbe Netzperiode gemittelt werden, um die entsprechenden periodischen Schwankungen von Uz' zu kompensieren.In the above embodiment, the voltage drop Uih across R21 is used as a parameter depending on the resistance of the cathode heater. Alternatively, e.g. Also, the quotient Uih / Uz 'may be used as a parameter, since it is independent of variations of the second intermediate voltage Uz', or the value Uih may be e.g. are averaged over at least half a network period to compensate for the corresponding periodic variations in Uz '.
Grundsätzlich kann jeder Parameter verwendet werden, der vom Widerstand der Kathodenheizung abhängt, insbesondere der Strom durch die Kathodenheizung oder (wie im obigen Ausführungsbeispiel) der primärseitige Strom des Heiztransformators 15. Als Parameter kann auch die Dauer th der Heizphasen verwendet werden, da diese aufgrund der oben beschriebenen Regelung ebenfalls abhängig vom Heizwiderstand ist.In principle, any parameter may be used which depends on the resistance of the cathode heating, in particular the current through the cathode heating or (as in the above embodiment) the primary side current of the heating transformer 15. As a parameter, the duration th of the heating phases can be used, as these due to above described regulation is also dependent on the heating resistor.
Die Ablaufsteuerung der beschriebenen Verfahrensschritte kann als Hard- und/oder Software in der Steuereinheit 13 implementiert sein.The sequence control of the described method steps can be implemented as hardware and / or software in the
Zusammenfassend wird also eine Steuerschaltung für einen Mikrowellenofen beschrieben. Diese besitzt eine Gegentakt-Endstufe T1, T2 zum Ansteuern eines Heiztransformators 1), mit welchem die Kathodenheizung des Magnetrons 3 betrieben wird. Für die Erzeugung der Hochspannung ist ein separater Hochspannungstransformator 14 vorgesehen, der von einer Brückenschaltung T3 - T6 gespeist wird. Die Steuereinheit 13 des Geräts ist dazu ausgestaltet, vor dem Einschalten der Hochspannung die Kathode in einer Vorheizphase vorzuheizen. Dabei misst die den Strom durch die Gegentakt-Endstufe T1, T2 gegen Masse und die Leistung der Kathodenheizung, indem sie die Breite der Pulse, welche von der Gegentakt-Endstufe T1, T2 erzeugt werden, variiert. Sobald sich der Strom nicht mehr ändert, wird die Hochspannung eingeschaltet. Auf diese Weise kann die Dauer der Vorheizphase gering gehalten werden.In summary, therefore, a control circuit for a microwave oven is described. This has a push-pull output stage T1, T2 for driving a heating transformer 1), with which the cathode heater of the
Während in der vorliegenden Anmeldung bevorzugte Ausführungen der Erfindung beschrieben sind, ist klar darauf hinzuweisen, dass die Erfindung nicht auf diese beschränkt ist und auch in anderer Weise innerhalb des Umfangs der folgenden Ansprüche ausgeführt werden kann.While preferred embodiments of the invention have been described in the present application, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to these and may be practiced otherwise within the scope of the following claims.
Claims (12)
- Microwave oven with a magnetron (3) comprising a cathode (K), an anode (A) and a cathode heating and with a driving circuit for the magnetron (3), wherein the driving circuit has:a high voltage generator (11) for generating a high voltage between the anode (A) and the cathode (K),a heating current generator (12) for generating a heating current for the cathode heating anda controller (13),wherein the controller (13) is adapted to first activate the heating current generator (12) and later the high voltage generator (11) during a pre-heating interval, after an activation of the microwave oven during a pre-heating phase,
wherein the microwave oven has a measurement circuit (21, R21) adapted to determine a parameter dependent on a resistance of the cathode heating, wherein the controller (13) is adapted to set a switch on instant of the high voltage generator (11) depending on said parameter,
and wherein the microwave oven has a power controller (13, 21, R21) by means of which a heating power absorbed by the cathode heating is regulated, wherein the controller (13) is adapted to regulate the heating power during the pre-heating phase to a first intended value. - Microwave oven according to claim 1, wherein the controller (13) is adapted to regulate the heating power after the pre-heating phase to a second intended value, wherein the second intended value is lower than the first intended value, particularly at least 30 % lower.
- Microwave oven according to one of the preceding claims, with a heating transformer (15), to which the cathode heating is connected on the secondary side, and with a push-pull amplifier with two switching elements (T1, T2) switched in series and alternatingly switchable by the controller (13), wherein the push-pull amplifier is connected to the heating transformer (15) on the primary side.
- Microwave oven according to claim 3, wherein the measurement circuit (21, R21) has a resistor (R21) through which the current from the push-pull amplifier flows through the heating transformer (15) towards a reference potential, particularly towards ground.
- Microwave oven according to claim 4 and claim 5, wherein the controller (13) is adapted to alternatingly switch on both switching elements (T1, T2) during the heating phases (H1, H2) and to keep both switching elements (T1, T2) switched off in between during idle phases (R1, R2), wherein the power regulator (13, 21, R21) controls the duration (th) of the heating phases (H1, H2).
- Microwave oven according to claim 5, wherein the power regulator is adapted to keep a product P = Uz' • Uih(tm) • th constant, wherein Uz' is a voltage at the push-pull amplifier, Uih is a voltage across the resistor R21 and th is the duration of the heating phases.
- Microwave oven according to one of the claims 5 or 6, wherein the parameter is the duration (th) of the heating phases.
- Microwave oven according to one of the claims 3 to 6, wherein the parameter is a current flowing from the push-pull amplifier through the heating transformer (15) towards a reference potential, particularly towards ground.
- Microwave oven according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the controller (13) is adapted to end the pre-heating phase when a variation speed of the parameter falls below a variation threshold, and particularly wherein the variation threshold is below 10%/10ms.
- Method for operating a microwave oven with a magnetron (3) comprising a cathode (K), an anode (A) and a cathode heating, wherein for activating the microwave oven at least the following steps are carried out:generating a heating current through the cathode heating in a pre-heating phase during a pre-heating period andafter the pre-heating period has passed, applying a high voltage between the anode (A) and the cathode (K),wherein a parameter depending on the resistor of the cathode heating is measured and depending on said parameter the pre-heating period is determined,
and wherein the heating power of the cathode heating is regulated to a first desired value. - Method according to claim 10, wherein the heating power is regulated to a second desired value starting with the end of the pre-heating phase, wherein the second desired value is lower than the first desired value, particularly at least 30% lower.
- Method according to one of the claims 10 to 11, wherein the pre-heating phase is ended when a variation speed of the parameter falls below a variation threshold, and particularly wherein the variation threshold is below 10%/10ms.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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SI201430070A SI2854479T1 (en) | 2014-04-24 | 2014-04-24 | Microwave oven with delayed activation of high voltage |
EP14001469.7A EP2854479B1 (en) | 2014-04-24 | 2014-04-24 | Microwave oven with delayed activation of high voltage |
DK14001469.7T DK2854479T3 (en) | 2014-04-24 | 2014-04-24 | Microwave with delayed high voltage connection |
PL14001469T PL2854479T3 (en) | 2014-04-24 | 2014-04-24 | Microwave oven with delayed activation of high voltage |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP14001469.7A EP2854479B1 (en) | 2014-04-24 | 2014-04-24 | Microwave oven with delayed activation of high voltage |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2854479A1 EP2854479A1 (en) | 2015-04-01 |
EP2854479B1 true EP2854479B1 (en) | 2016-07-27 |
Family
ID=50628606
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14001469.7A Active EP2854479B1 (en) | 2014-04-24 | 2014-04-24 | Microwave oven with delayed activation of high voltage |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2854479B1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK2854479T3 (en) |
PL (1) | PL2854479T3 (en) |
SI (1) | SI2854479T1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2748316A (en) * | 1952-12-02 | 1956-05-29 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Magnetron heater circuit |
US4742442A (en) | 1986-06-17 | 1988-05-03 | Nilssen Ole K | Controlled magnetron power supply including dual-mode inverter |
US4825028A (en) * | 1987-12-28 | 1989-04-25 | General Electric Company | Magnetron with microprocessor power control |
-
2014
- 2014-04-24 SI SI201430070A patent/SI2854479T1/en unknown
- 2014-04-24 EP EP14001469.7A patent/EP2854479B1/en active Active
- 2014-04-24 PL PL14001469T patent/PL2854479T3/en unknown
- 2014-04-24 DK DK14001469.7T patent/DK2854479T3/en active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PL2854479T3 (en) | 2017-01-31 |
EP2854479A1 (en) | 2015-04-01 |
SI2854479T1 (en) | 2016-11-30 |
DK2854479T3 (en) | 2016-11-21 |
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