EP2844417A1 - Procédé de coupe au plasma ou de soudage au plasma assisté par laser et dispositif associé - Google Patents

Procédé de coupe au plasma ou de soudage au plasma assisté par laser et dispositif associé

Info

Publication number
EP2844417A1
EP2844417A1 EP13718787.8A EP13718787A EP2844417A1 EP 2844417 A1 EP2844417 A1 EP 2844417A1 EP 13718787 A EP13718787 A EP 13718787A EP 2844417 A1 EP2844417 A1 EP 2844417A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plasma
laser radiation
plasma jet
laser
workpiece
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13718787.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Andreas Popp
Tim Hesse
Tobias Kaiser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen SE and Co KG
Original Assignee
Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen SE and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen SE and Co KG filed Critical Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen SE and Co KG
Publication of EP2844417A1 publication Critical patent/EP2844417A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K10/00—Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K10/00—Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
    • B23K10/02—Plasma welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/073—Shaping the laser spot
    • B23K26/0734—Shaping the laser spot into an annular shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
    • B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K28/00—Welding or cutting not covered by any of the preceding groups, e.g. electrolytic welding
    • B23K28/02—Combined welding or cutting procedures or apparatus

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for the laser assisted plasma cutting or plasma welding and apparatus therefor
  • an arc burns between a cathode and an anode. By impact ionization, this produces a hot plasma or a plasma jet of a plasma gas with a temperature of more than 20,000 K.
  • the cathode is typically arranged in a machining head, while the electrically conductive workpiece to be machined is the anode forms.
  • Plasma jet corresponds as well as in the center axis adjacent
  • the burst rate of the charged particles in the plasma particularly high.
  • the high burst rate leads to a high
  • Plasma cutting process targeted or controlled to bring pulsation.
  • it is also proposed there to put the plasma gas and / or a secondary gas through specially shaped nozzles of the machining head in a rotating flow.
  • WO2000064618A2 it is known in plasma welding a
  • Plasma jet and a laser beam to superimpose to ignite the plasma jet and to guide along the laser beam direction.
  • the laser beam is used in the
  • Plasmagas to stimulate molecules to vibrate and thus to specify a beam path for the plasma jet.
  • Arc device may be formed as a ring electrode and the laser beam may extend within the central opening of the ring electrode.
  • one or more laser beams can be guided from the outside to the plasma jet immediately adjacent to the processing point and this cutting to the processing point.
  • a device for hybrid welding in which at least one focused (alternatively optionally defocused) laser beam is slid onto the workpiece to be machined and an electric arc between an electrode and the workpiece is generated, wherein the axis of the arc concentric to Laser radiation is aligned.
  • the laser beam and the arc substantially strike the same location on the workpiece
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method and a method
  • This object is achieved by a method for laser-assisted
  • Plasma cutting or plasma welding of a typical plate-shaped workpiece comprising the steps of: generating a plasma jet extending between an electrode and a processing point on the workpiece, wherein the plasma jet has a center region (radially) inside with respect to its center axis extending in the direction of propagation and a (radially ) has outer substantially annular edge region; and supplying laser radiation, in particular collimated laser radiation or of
  • Plasma beam wherein the supplied laser radiation is parallel to the center axis of the plasma jet.
  • An essential aspect of the invention is not to coaxially illuminate the entire plasma torch or the entire plasma jet by the laser radiation, but to concentrate the intensity of the supplied laser radiation on the edge region of the plasma jet, so that only a negligible proportion of the intensity of the laser radiation Central area is supplied.
  • collimated laser radiation or laser radiation with a long Rayleigh length is used in order to ensure that the laser radiation (in the
  • the laser radiation is applied to the plasma jet at its end remote from the workpiece (i.e., in the region of the electrode) so as to achieve a uniform beam guidance over the entire length of the plasma jet.
  • This is particularly favorable in plasma cutting, since above all thick sheets (10 mm - 180 mm) are processed there and a cutting edge with the smallest possible edge slope is to be achieved, so that the supplied laser radiation should pass as parallel to the center axis when passing through the workpiece.
  • collimated laser radiation may be used, but it is also possible to use slightly focused or defocused laser radiation having a Rayleigh length that is so large that the
  • the Rayleigh length of the laser radiation used should be at least as large as the thickness of the machined workpiece.
  • the inventors have recognized that the laser radiation supplied to the central region of the plasma jet has no or very little influence on its energetic state due to the already high impact rate. In the radially outer
  • Edge region of the plasma jet which has a lower plasma density, the laser radiation, however, can be targeted and used effectively.
  • the laser radiation thus acts exactly on the area of the plasma jet, which diminished for the
  • Laser radiation typically leads in the edge region of the plasma jet by the opto-galvanic effect to increased ionization of the plasma gas, whereby the temperature, density and electrical conductivity in the irradiated
  • Plasma area increased. This stabilizes and constricts the plasma jet specifically in the edge region and makes it possible to guide the plasma jet over its entire length.
  • a wavelength of the laser radiation is chosen such that a plasma gas used for generating the plasma jet is excited by the laser radiation (electronically).
  • the wavelength of the laser used or the laser radiation should be selected so that an electronic excitation takes place in the plasma gas, which leads to the optogalvansichen effect. Since argon is a commonly used plasma gas, for example, with the help of a
  • Diode laser with a wavelength of 800 nm - 900 nm argon ions are excited.
  • Solid state lasers can be generated. It is understood that when using plasma gases other than argon, the wavelength of the laser radiation should be suitably adjusted.
  • the laser radiation supplied to the plasma jet has a power of less than 1000 watts, preferably of less than 500 watts.
  • the Laser beam or the laser radiation typically does not have enough energy or power to contribute itself to the workpiece machining, but serves exclusively to stimulate the opto-galvanic effect in the edge region of the plasma.
  • the laser power required to stabilize the plasma jet is dependent on the length of the plasma torch or the plasma jet and thus on the
  • Laser wavelength off A few hundred watts of laser power are typically sufficient for stabilization.
  • the laser power supplied to the plasma jet may be between about 100 W and about 500 W.
  • the plasma jet is generated by means of a rod-shaped electrode, typically a pointed electrode.
  • the laser radiation can be deflected in at least one laterally offset to the center axis in a direction parallel to the center axis of the plasma jet.
  • the amount of lateral displacement of the deflection to the central axis of the rod-shaped electrode, which corresponds to the center axis of the plasma jet, more specifically the distance between the center axis and the point at which the laser radiation impinges on the deflection at a 90 ° deflection corresponds to typical manner the (average) radius of the substantially annular edge region of the
  • the deflection can, for example, as a deflection mirror or possibly as be formed mirrored portion of an electrode holder and may have a flat or possibly a curved, eg frusto-conical mirror surface. It goes without saying that a 90 ° deflection of the laser radiation does not necessarily have to take place at the deflection device, but that, if appropriate, a larger or a smaller deflection angle can also be used in order to align the laser radiation parallel to the center axis.
  • the laser radiation is supplied to the plasma jet through a gas supply space of a gas nozzle for applying a plasma gas to the workpiece.
  • the laser radiation in the typically annular gas supply space runs parallel to the center axis of the gas nozzle, which generally corresponds to the center axis of the electrode, so that it is possible to dispense with a deflection device in the region of the gas nozzle of the plasma processing head, possibly an interference contour for the flow of the plasma gas to the workpiece forms.
  • the laser radiation supplied to the plasma jet has an annular, rotationally symmetric or non-rotationally symmetrical
  • the action of the laser radiation can take place annularly in the entire edge region of the plasma jet.
  • a non-rotationally symmetrical intensity distribution of the laser radiation is possible.
  • the intensity distribution of the laser radiation can be formed, for example, during cutting so that the laser radiation acts only on the cut front and on the side of the good part, since the cut quality on the side of the residual grid, which is typically disposed of as waste, is irrelevant.
  • a further aspect of the invention relates to a device for laser-assisted plasma cutting and / or plasma welding of a workpiece, comprising: a plasma generating device configured to generate a plasma jet extending between an electrode of the plasma generating device and a processing point on the workpiece, wherein the plasma jet with respect to its (radially) inner central region extending in the propagation direction and having a (radially) outer, substantially annular edge region, and a beam supply device for supplying (collimated) laser radiation (or radiation of high Rayleigh length) into the Edge region of the plasma jet, wherein the laser radiation supplied to the edge region is parallel to the center axis.
  • a plasma generating device configured to generate a plasma jet extending between an electrode of the plasma generating device and a processing point on the workpiece, wherein the plasma jet with respect to its (radially) inner central region extending in the propagation direction and having a (radially) outer, substantially annular edge region
  • a beam supply device for supplying (collimated) laser radiation (or
  • the apparatus may optionally be used for plasma cutting or plasma welding, depending on how the parameters for generating the plasma or the pressure of the gases used are selected.
  • the device comprises at least one laser source for generating laser radiation.
  • the laser source may be, for example, a diode laser or a solid-state laser.
  • the spectral properties (central wavelength and line width) as well as the quality of the generated wavefront are of particular importance, since optimal colimimation corresponds to a planar wavefront and thus enables particularly good stabilization and constriction of the plasma jet.
  • the laser source is designed to generate laser radiation at a wavelength which is suitable for exciting the plasma gas used to generate the plasma jet.
  • the spectral transitions of plasma gases can be taken from databases, for example under
  • the plasma gas used is often argon or argon-hydrogen mixtures, but other gases, such as nitrogen, oxygen or hydrogen and their mixtures as plasma gases can also be used be used, even air is possible in rare cases.
  • the power of the laser for generating the laser radiation should not exceed 1 kW, typically not more than 500 W.
  • the laser power required to stabilize or constrict the plasma jet is comparatively small and less than the laser power that would be required to effect a cutting or welding operation on the workpiece.
  • the maximum power of the laser source stated above assumes that there is only a single laser source whose laser power is substantially equal lossless is supplied to the edge region of the plasma jet. Is more than one laser source for supplying laser radiation in the edge region of the
  • the electrode is rod-shaped, typically with a tapered end at which the field strength upon application of a voltage between the electrode and the to be machined
  • Plasma processing head with respect to an annular electrode greatly simplified design. It is understood, however, that the inventive
  • Device may optionally also have an annular electrode.
  • the device has at least one laterally to
  • Deflection device (s) can, for example, as by the electrode
  • the deflection device is formed on a cooled holder of the electrode.
  • the holder may have one or more cooling channels for cooling with the aid of a cooling fluid, for example water.
  • the deflection device can be formed on an eg frustoconical portion of the holder, which merges into the electrode or on which the electrode is attached.
  • the typically metallic holder may optionally be provided in the beam deflection with a reflective coating.
  • the deflection to perform on the holder is cheaper than the deflection at the electrode itself, since it is not usually cooled directly and has a very high temperature, which can lead to an expansion of the metallic material of the electrode as well as to local deformations that for a Targeted deflection of laser radiation in the edge region of the plasma jet is unfavorable.
  • the beam supply device is designed to supply the laser radiation to the plasma jet through a gas supply space of a gas nozzle for applying a plasma gas to the workpiece, so that a deflection of the laser radiation in the region of the electrode can be dispensed with.
  • the beam feeding device is for
  • the beam delivery device in this case typically has one or more optical elements on which or on which a typically divergent, possibly also convergent, laser beam is collimated (approximately).
  • the annular intensity distribution is rotationally symmetric in the simplest case, but it is also possible to generate a high radiation intensity only in one or more limited angular ranges. It is understood that the (average) radius of the annular intensity distribution substantially corresponds to the (average) radius of the annular edge region of the plasma jet.
  • Intensity distribution can be generated by a centrally arranged circular aperture, but it is more favorable if the annular intensity distribution can be generated substantially without loss of intensity.
  • the beam delivery device has an axicon which has at least one conical lens surface in order to generate a ring-shaped, typically collimated, beam from a typically divergent laser beam
  • the beam delivery device has a diffractive optical element.
  • a diffractive optical element With the aid of a diffractive optical element, diffraction orders of the laser radiation can be used in order to form a distribution of a typically divergent intensity distribution impinging on the diffractive optical element into an almost arbitrarily shaped exit side
  • a diffractive optical element can thus be used to form an annular, rotationally symmetric or not To generate rotationally symmetric intensity distribution.
  • the latter can be used, for example, to produce a stabilization of the plasma jet in plasma cutting only on one side of the cutting front, on which a good part is formed, in which a high cut quality of the cutting edge is required.
  • the beam feed device has a plurality of optical fibers arranged annularly around the center axis, which are typically aligned parallel to the center axis and to which a respective microlens for collimation of emerging laser radiation is associated.
  • the latter is necessary since the laser end emerging on a workpiece facing the fiber end of a respective (glass) fiber usually exits divergent and therefore (approximately) must be collimated.
  • the microlenses can be arranged at a predetermined distance from the respective fiber end or a respective fiber end can be provided with a microlens by melting it so that the fiber end itself acts as a microlens (also referred to as "lensed silica fiber").
  • Fig. 1a, b are schematic representations of a plasma jet for
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of an apparatus for laser-assisted plasma cutting or welding with a Beam delivery device with an axicon for generating a laser beam with an annular intensity distribution, a beam shaping device with a collimating lens and a circular aperture for generating an annular
  • Fig. 5a, b is a plurality of annular around the center axis of an electrode
  • optical fibers in a side view and a plan view
  • Fig. 6a, b one of the optical fibers of Fig. 5a, b with one of a fiber end
  • FIG. 7 shows a further embodiment of a device for laser-assisted
  • Fig. 8 shows a single deflection mirror for deflecting laser radiation in the
  • Fig. 9 shows an electrode with a liquid-cooled holder, as
  • Deflection device for laser radiation is used, which is supplied to the holder side.
  • Fig. 1a shows a plasma jet 1, which serves between a serving as a cathode
  • the plasma jet 1 has a central, radially inner region 4, in the center of which a central axis M, which represents the shortest connecting line between the tip electrode 2 and the workpiece 3, and which corresponds to the center axis of the rod-shaped electrode 2.
  • the collision rate of charged (ionized) particles 5 of a plasma gas, argon in the present example is particularly high.
  • the high burst rate results in a high temperature and high electrical conductivity of the plasma in the central region 4, which is severely constricted and stable in shape, ie, the plasma is typically substantially in thermodynamic equilibrium.
  • the collision rate decreases, as a result of which a radially outer (substantially annular) edge region 6 of the plasma jet 1 surrounding the substantially circular central region 4 has a lower collision rate and correspondingly lower temperature, density, and electrical conductivity having.
  • the plasma jet 1 is widened in the edge region 6 and instabilities occur there, which can lead to an irregular and thus poor cutting result during plasma cutting and during plasma welding to a broadening of the weld seam.
  • Fig. 1b shows the plasma jet 1 of Fig. 1a, in which in addition to the radially outer edge region 6 parallel to the center axis M of the plasma jet 1 (i.e.
  • the laser radiation 7 supplied to the edge region 6 leads to a stabilization and in particular to a constriction of the plasma jet 1 in the edge region 6, as can be clearly recognized by a comparison of FIGS. 1 a and 1 b.
  • the laser radiation 7 is supplied only to the edge region 6, but not to the central region 4, since laser radiation 7 fed into the central region 4 would have only a negligible influence on the stability of the plasma due to the high impact rate.
  • the laser radiation 7 thus acts precisely on the edge region 6 of the plasma jet 1, which is responsible for the reduced cutting quality and the low welding depth.
  • Fig. 2 shows an example of a device 10 which is designed to be a
  • the device 10 comprises a plasma generating device 11, which has a Power supply 12 to generate between the tip electrode 2, which serves as a cathode, and the metallic plate-shaped workpiece 3, which serves as an anode, a voltage or an electric field.
  • the electrical connection of the workpiece 3 with the power supply 12 is effected for example by a laterally attached to the workpiece 3 contact terminal 3.
  • a pointed electrode 2 as the cathode required for the generation of the plasma jet 1 voltages are comparatively low
  • the field strength in the Electrode tip is particularly high.
  • Another part of the plasma generating device 11 is a gas supply for supplying a plasma gas 14 to a gas nozzle 15. More specifically, the plasma gas 14 is provided in the gas nozzle 15 annular
  • Gas supply chamber 16 supplied.
  • the gas nozzle 15 forms part of a plasma processing head (not shown) to which the plasma gas 14 is supplied via feed channels not described in detail.
  • the gas supply furthermore has a gas reservoir 17, in which the plasma gas 14, for example a mixture of argon and hydrogen, and process gases are stored.
  • the gas reservoir 17 communicates with a device 18 for pressure adjustment for the plasma gas 14, in which, if appropriate, a mixture with other gases can also take place.
  • the plasma gas 14 supplied to the gas nozzle 15 exits the gas nozzle 15 at a nozzle opening facing the workpiece 3.
  • the plasma torch is ignited (ignition phase).
  • the plamagas is ionized, whereby between the electrode 2 and the workpiece 3, the plasma jet 1 is formed, which consists of positive and negative ions, electrons and excited and neutral atoms and molecules.
  • a plurality of support webs 19 are provided as spacers on a workpiece support 20 (workpiece table). The gas mixture during the ignition and the
  • Cutting phase can differ in its composition and in the volume flow.
  • workpiece 3 is typically a relative movement between the
  • Relative movement typically occurs at the workpiece level, i. in the X and / or Y direction of an XYZ coordinate system.
  • the gas nozzle 15 can be moved with the plasma processing head, the workpiece 3 relative to the workpiece support 20 and / or the workpiece support 20 itself by means of conventional displacement units not described in detail here.
  • a diode laser is used with a
  • Wavelength ⁇ in the range between about 800 to 1000 nm as the laser source 21.
  • the wavelength ⁇ of the laser radiation 7 is in this case matched to the plasma gas 14 that the ions 5 (see Fig. 1a) of the plasma gas 14, in the present case the
  • Argon ions electronically excited (opto-galvanic effect).
  • other plasma gases can also be used, for example nitrogen, oxygen or hydrogen, wherein the wavelength ⁇ of the laser source 21 to the respective
  • Plasma gase can be adjusted and preferably between about 200 nm and 1000 nm. If desired, mixtures of a plurality of gases may also be used as the plasma gas 14, wherein the electronic excitation or ionization of a single constituent of the plasma gas 14 may possibly be sufficient to effect the desired constriction and stabilization of the plasma jet 1.
  • Plasma beam 1 typically has low laser powers, so that a maximum power of the laser source 21 of approximately 1000 W, typically between approximately 100 W and approximately 500 W, is sufficient if it is assumed that the available laser power of the laser source 21 (FIG. almost) is completely supplied to the edge region 6 of the plasma jet 1.
  • a beam feed device 22 which is part of the Machining head can be.
  • this has an axicon 23 with a conical lens surface 23a in order to be divergent
  • Intensity distribution of the emerging from the laser source 21 laser radiation 7 to generate an annular intensity distribution and to collimate the laser radiation 7.
  • the axicon 23 is in this case at a position in the divergent beam path of
  • Laser radiation 7 is arranged, in which the (average) diameter of the generated by the axicon 23 annular intensity distribution substantially to
  • Plasma beam 1 corresponds so that the laser radiation 7 collimated on the axicon 23 can be supplied directly (i.e., without additional optical elements) to the edge region 6 of the plasma jet 1 through the gas supply chamber 16 of the gas nozzle 15. Since the thickness d of workpieces 3 in plasma cutting is generally between about 10 mm and 180 mm, a low edge slope and a good contour accuracy of the cut edges formed during plasma cutting is particularly important. This can be obtained with the aid of the collimated laser radiation 7, which has a uniform beam shape along the plasma jet 1.
  • FIG. 3 Another possibility for generating collimated laser radiation 7 with an annular, rotationally symmetrical intensity distribution is shown in FIG. 3, in which the axicon 23 of the feed device 22 of FIG
  • Collimating lens 24 and a downstream in the beam path circular aperture 25 has been replaced, which is the radially inner region of
  • Intensity distribution of the laser radiation 7 hides, so that a total of an annular intensity distribution is formed.
  • a corresponding diaphragm effect may in particular also have the gas nozzle 15 or optionally the upper end of the pointed electrode 2, so that the provision of an additional diaphragm, as shown in FIG. 3, may possibly be completely dispensed with.
  • Rotational symmetry is generated is shown in the in Fig. 4 Beam delivery device 22, a diffractive optical element 26 is provided, which - depending on the design - allows the divergent intensity distribution of the laser source 21 either in an annular intensity distribution with a
  • Such a non-rotationally symmetric intensity distribution may e.g. be beneficial when the apparatus 10 is used for plasma cutting along a cutting front on the workpiece 3, at one cutting edge is a good part, while the other cutting edge belongs to a skeleton, which is disposed of after the cutting process or after several other cutting operations. In this case, a high cut quality is only on the side of the cutting front
  • Element 26 (unlike that shown in FIG. 4) produces a non-rotationally symmetric annular intensity distribution at which a high intensity
  • the diffractive optical element 26 can optionally be exchanged for other diffractive optical elements by means of a changing device (not shown).
  • the gas nozzle 15 for applying the plasma gas 14 to the workpiece 3 can be annularly surrounded by a further gas nozzle 27 which has a further annular feed space 28 for a (not shown) hull gas (oxygen , Nitrogen or gas mixtures of nitrogen and oxygen.
  • a feeding device 22 which also allows a supply of parallel to the center axis M of the rod-shaped electrode 2 aligned laser radiation 7 through the annular feed space 16 of the gas nozzle 15 is shown in Fig. 5a, b.
  • the feed device 22 in this case has a plurality of optical fibers 29 (fiber bundles) which are distributed in an annular arrangement about the center axis M of the electrode 2, in particular in the plan view of FIG Fig. 5b can be seen.
  • a distance A between the center axis M of the electrode 2 and a respective optical fiber substantially corresponds to the (average) radius of the annular edge region 6 of the plasma jet 1.
  • microlenses 30 can be used, either from respective fiber end
  • a respective beam-forming or collimating element 23, 24, 26, 29 integrated can also be a lateral supply of laser radiation 7 in the field of
  • Nozzle opening of the gas nozzle 15 take place, as will be described in more detail below with reference to a further embodiment of the device 10, which is shown in Fig. 7.
  • laser radiation 7 is guided substantially parallel to the workpiece 3 laterally into the exit-side region of the gas nozzle 15, specifically into the region of the pointed end of the rod-shaped electrode 2.
  • two plane deflection mirrors 31 a, Mounted 31b which deflect the laser radiation 7 by 90 ° and these in the direction of the center axis M the edge region 6 of the plasma jet 1 out.
  • the laser radiation 7 is generated in the example shown in FIG.
  • the laser radiation 7 by two different laser sources 21a, 2b, but it is understood that the laser radiation 7 can be generated only by one or more laser sources and split, for example by means of a beam splitter, so that the respective partial beams are fed to one of the deflection mirrors 31a, 3b.
  • the point at which the laser radiation impinges on the respective deflection mirror 31 a, 31 b, is positioned so that the laser radiation 7 in the annular
  • Edge region 6 of the plasma jet 1 (but not in the central region 4) deflected becomes. It is understood that more than two deflecting mirrors can also be provided in the region of the electrode 2 in order to supply laser radiation 7 to the edge region 4 of the plasma jet 1, which can be arranged at regular angular intervals relative to one another, for example in the circumferential direction.
  • one or more surrounding conical mirror surfaces in the region of the electrode 2 can be provided instead of a plurality of planar deflection mirrors, in order to radiate in the radial direction
  • Gas nozzle 15 are attached.
  • the wall of the gas nozzle 15 may be provided with a transparent material (for example glass or the like).
  • a transparent material for example glass or the like.
  • several, e.g. four, distributed in the circumferential direction around the electrode 2 supply spaces are provided, between which the deflecting mirrors are arranged.
  • the laser radiation 7 of the laser sources 21a, 21b can collide with the deflection mirrors 31a, 31b (by means of optical elements not shown in FIG. 7).
  • the deflecting mirrors 31a, 31b or their mirror surfaces may have a curvature in order to typically collimate divergently upon the incident laser radiation 7 during the deflection.
  • possibly only a single laterally offset to the electrode 2 deflecting mirror 31a may be provided in the apparatus 10 to supply the laser radiation 7 in a circumferentially relatively small portion of the edge region 6 of the plasma jet 1.
  • the cutting edge of the cutting front which faces the good part and in which a high quality of cut is to be obtained.
  • FIG. 9 A further possibility for the lateral supply of laser radiation 7 to the edge region 6 of the plasma jet 1 is shown in FIG. 9, in which a mirrored, tapered portion of a holder 32 for the rod-shaped electrode 2 serves as a deflection device 34.
  • a mirrored, tapered portion of a holder 32 for the rod-shaped electrode 2 serves as a deflection device 34.
  • a mirror image for example, a
  • a cooling passage 33 is inserted to move the holder 32 or the rod-shaped electrode 2 by means of a cooling liquid (not shown), e.g. with water, to cool.
  • a cooling liquid e.g. with water
  • Feed speeds can be achieved by a narrower kerf.
  • plasma welding using the devices 10 can be deeper, thinner
  • Processing quality improvement can also be achieved if incompletely collimated laser radiation having a large Rayleigh length is used instead of collimated laser radiation (as described above).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de coupe au plasma ou de soudage au plasma d'une pièce (3), comprenant les étapes suivantes : la production d'un faisceau plasma (1) qui s'étend entre une électrode (2) et un emplacement de traitement sur la pièce (3), le faisceau plasma (1) présentant une partie centrale (4) située à l'intérieur par rapport à son axe médian (M) orienté dans la direction de propagation (Z), et une partie périphérique (6) se trouvant à l'extérieur ; et l'introduction d'un rayonnement laser (7) dans la partie périphérique (6) du faisceau plasma (1), le rayonnement laser (7) introduit dans la partie périphérique (6) étant orienté parallèlement à l'axe médian (M). L'invention concerne également un dispositif associé (10) réalisé pour la coupe au plasma ou le soudage au plasma assisté par laser.
EP13718787.8A 2012-04-30 2013-04-24 Procédé de coupe au plasma ou de soudage au plasma assisté par laser et dispositif associé Withdrawn EP2844417A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012207201A DE102012207201B3 (de) 2012-04-30 2012-04-30 Verfahren zum laserunterstützten Plasmaschneiden oder Plasmaschweißen und Vorrichtung dafür
PCT/EP2013/001230 WO2013164076A1 (fr) 2012-04-30 2013-04-24 Procédé de coupe au plasma ou de soudage au plasma assisté par laser et dispositif associé

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2844417A1 true EP2844417A1 (fr) 2015-03-11

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EP13718787.8A Withdrawn EP2844417A1 (fr) 2012-04-30 2013-04-24 Procédé de coupe au plasma ou de soudage au plasma assisté par laser et dispositif associé

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US9849545B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2844417A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN104395032B (fr)
DE (1) DE102012207201B3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013164076A1 (fr)

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DE102012207201B3 (de) 2012-04-30 2013-04-11 Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen Gmbh + Co. Kg Verfahren zum laserunterstützten Plasmaschneiden oder Plasmaschweißen und Vorrichtung dafür
CN107249804B (zh) * 2015-02-23 2019-12-17 本田技研工业株式会社 穿透焊接方法
WO2018132157A2 (fr) 2016-11-03 2018-07-19 Essentium Materials, Llc Appareil d'impression 3d
JP6870974B2 (ja) * 2016-12-08 2021-05-12 株式会社ディスコ 被加工物の分割方法
CN110621476B (zh) * 2017-02-24 2022-04-12 埃森提姆公司 将电磁能施加于3d打印部件的大气等离子体传导通路
WO2018213718A1 (fr) 2017-05-19 2018-11-22 Essentium Materials, Llc Appareil d'impression en trois dimensions
EP3412400A1 (fr) * 2017-06-09 2018-12-12 Bystronic Laser AG Conformateur de faisceau et son utilisation, dispositif de traitement par faisceau laser d'une pièce à usiner et son utilisation, procédé de traitement par faisceau laser d'une pièce à usiner
US10639714B2 (en) 2017-10-26 2020-05-05 General Electric Company Applying electric pulses through a laser induced plasma channel for use in a 3-D metal printing process
JP6740299B2 (ja) * 2018-08-24 2020-08-12 ファナック株式会社 加工条件調整装置及び機械学習装置
CN112108765B (zh) * 2020-08-25 2022-08-26 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 一种钛合金窄间隙激光焊接送丝及气体保护一体化机构
CN112589274A (zh) * 2020-12-24 2021-04-02 广东省科学院中乌焊接研究所 一种激光-等离子弧复合切割与焊接加工装置及加工方法
CN115519259B (zh) * 2022-10-22 2024-05-24 长沙大科激光科技有限公司 一种高频电流辅助双光束激光切割方法

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CN104395032A (zh) 2015-03-04
DE102012207201B3 (de) 2013-04-11
CN104395032B (zh) 2016-08-24
WO2013164076A1 (fr) 2013-11-07
US20150053656A1 (en) 2015-02-26
US9849545B2 (en) 2017-12-26

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