EP2841810A1

EP2841810A1 - Multi-speed gearbox

Info

Publication number: EP2841810A1
Application number: EP13710358.6A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Stefan Beck; Christian Sibla; Wolfgang Rieger
Original assignee: ZF Friedrichshafen AG
Current assignee: ZF Friedrichshafen AG
Priority date: 2012-04-25
Filing date: 2013-03-13
Publication date: 2015-03-04
Also published as: CN104271984A; US9360086B2; CN104271984B; DE102012206773B4; US20150087472A1; WO2013160004A1; DE102012206773A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a multi-speed gearbox having four planetary gear sets (P1, P2, P3, P4), eight rotatable shafts (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) and six shift elements (04, 05, 14, 17, 18, 38), wherein the sun gear of the first planetary gear set (P1) is connected to the fifth shaft (5), which is connected to the sun gear of the second planetary gear set (P2) and can be coupled to the housing (G) by means of a second brake (05). The drive shaft (1) can be connected to the fourth shaft (4) by means of a first clutch (14), which connects to the planet carrier of the second planetary gear set (P2) and can be coupled to the housing (G) by means of a second brake (04). The drive shaft (1) can be connected to the seventh shaft (7) which is connected to the ring gear of the second planetary gear set (P2) and to the sun gear of the third planetary gear set (P3) by means of a second clutch (17), and can be connected to the eighth shaft (8) which is connected to the planet carrier of the third planetary gear set (P3) by means of a third clutch (18), which can be connected third shaft (3) which is connected to the ring gear of the fourth planetary gear set (P4) by means of a fourth clutch (38). The sixth shaft (38) is connected to the ring gear of the third planetary gear set (P3) and to the planet carrier of the first planetary gear set (P1). The sun gear of the fourth planetary gear set (P4) is coupled to the housing (G). The output shaft (2) is connected to the planet carrier of the fourth planetary gear set (P4) and to the ring gear of the first planetary gear set (P1).

Description

Mehrstufenqetriebe

The present invention relates to a planetary gear multi-speed transmission, in particular an automatic transmission for a motor vehicle, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Automatic transmissions, particularly for motor vehicles, include, according to the prior art, planetary gear sets that are switched by means of friction elements, such as clutches and brakes, and usually with a slipping action and optionally a lockup clutch, such as a hydrodynamic torque converter or a fluid coupling connected.

Such an automatic transmission is known for example from DE 199 12 480 B4 of the Applicant. It comprises three single planetary gear sets and three brakes and two clutches for shifting six forward gears and one reverse gear, a drive shaft and an output shaft, wherein the web of the first planetary gear set with the ring gear of the second planetary gear set and the bridge of the second planetary gear set with the ring gear of the third Planetenradsatzes is constantly connected and the drive shaft is connected directly to the sun gear of the second planetary gear set.

Furthermore, it is provided in the known transmission that the drive shaft via the first clutch to the sun gear of the first planetary gear and the second clutch to the web of the first planetary gear set is connectable, wherein the sun gear of the first planetary gear set via the first brake with a housing of the transmission is connectable and the web of the first planetary gear set via the second brake to the housing of the transmission is connectable, wherein the sun gear of the third planetary gear set via the third brake to the housing of the transmission is connectable. The output shaft of the transmission is permanently connected to the web of the third planetary gear set and the ring gear of the first planetary gear set. Furthermore, from DE 29 36 969 A1 a 9-speed multi-speed transmission known; it comprises eight switching elements and four planetary gear sets, one planetary gear set serving as a primary gear and the main gear has a Simpson set and another serving as a reverse gear planetary gear.

Further multi-speed transmissions are for example from the

DE 10 2005 010 210 A1 and DE 10 2006 006 637 A1 of the Applicant known.

Automatically switchable vehicle transmissions in planetary construction in general are already widely described in the prior art and are subject to permanent development and improvement. Thus, these transmissions are to require a low construction cost, in particular a small number of switching elements and in sequential switching manner double circuits, i. avoid switching on and / or off of two switching elements, so that in circuits in defined gear groups only one switching element is changed.

From DE 10 2008 000 428 A1 of the applicant, a multi-speed planetary gear transmission is known, which has a drive and an output, which are arranged in a housing. In the known transmission at least four planetary gear sets, hereinafter referred to as the first, second, third and fourth planetary gear set, at least eight rotatable shafts - hereinafter as drive shaft, output shaft, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth shaft

designated - and at least six switching elements comprising brakes and clutches, provided, the selective intervention causes different ratios between the drive and the output, so that preferably nine forward gears and one reverse gear can be realized.

In this case, the first and the second planetary gear set, which are preferably designed as negative planetary gear sets, that is to say with a negative stationary gear ratio, form a shiftable transfer gearset, the third and the fourth planetary gear set forming a main gearset. In the known multi-speed transmission is provided that the webs of the first and second planetary gear sets are coupled to each other via the fourth shaft, which is connected to an element of the main gearset that the ring gear of the first planetary gear set coupled to the sun gear of the second planetary gear via the eighth shaft is, which is releasably connectable via a first clutch to the drive shaft and that the sun gear of the first planetary gear by means of the third shaft via a first brake to a housing of the transmission is coupled and releasably connectable via a second clutch to the drive shaft, wherein the ring gear of second planetary gear set by means of the fifth shaft via a second brake to a housing of the transmission can be coupled. In addition, the seventh shaft with at least one element of the main gearset is constantly connected and coupled via a third brake to the housing of the transmission, the sixth shaft is continuously connected to at least one further element of the main gear and releasably connected via a third clutch to the drive shaft; the output shaft is permanently connected to at least one further element of the main gearset.

Preferably, in the known transmission, the fourth shaft is constantly connected to the ring gear of the third planetary gear set, wherein the sixth shaft is continuously connected to the ring gear of the fourth planetary gear set and the web of the third planetary gear and releasably connectable via the third clutch to the drive shaft. Furthermore, the seventh shaft is constantly connected to the sun gears of the third and fourth planetary gear set and can be coupled via the third brake to a housing of the transmission. The output takes place here via the output shaft permanently connected to the web of the fourth planetary gear set. Furthermore, the third and the fourth planetary gear set may be combined or reduced to form a Ravigneaux set having a common web and a common ring gear.

According to the prior art, the switching elements of such executed multi-step transmission, which are usually designed as multi-plate clutches or brakes, hydraulically actuated, which disadvantageously to high hydraulic see losses leads. To avoid these actuation losses, the use of demand-actuated switching elements would be particularly advantageous.

Under demand operable switching elements can be understood in particular switching elements in which for the maintenance of the switching state no or less energy is necessary than to change the switching state, so for example open to or from open to.

To enable the use of demand-actuated switching elements, the switching elements, in particular the clutches should be easily accessible from the outside.

The present invention has for its object to propose a multi-speed transmission of the type mentioned, which has nine forward gears and one reverse gear with sufficient translation, in which the construction cost, component load and size are optimized and also the efficiency is improved. Furthermore, the switching elements of the transmission should be easily accessible from the outside, whereby the installation of demand actuated switching elements is made possible. In addition, the transmission should be suitable for both a standard and a front-transverse construction.

This object is achieved by the features of claim 1. Further advantages and advantageous embodiments will become apparent from the dependent claims.

Accordingly, a multi-speed transmission according to the invention is proposed planetary design, which has a drive and an output, which are arranged in a housing. Furthermore, at least four planetary gear sets, hereinafter referred to as the first, second, third and fourth planetary gear set, eight rotatable shafts - hereinafter referred to as drive shaft, output shaft, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth shaft - and six preferably as a lamellae switching elements or designed as a form-locking switching elements switching elements, comprising brakes and clutches, provided, the selective Intervention causes different ratios between the drive and the output, so that preferably nine forward gears and one reverse gear can be realized.

The planetary gear sets of the transmission are preferably designed as negative planetary gear sets.

A simple minus planetary gear known to include a sun gear, a ring gear and a ridge on which planet gears are rotatably mounted, each meshing with the sun gear and ring gear. In this way, the ring gear at a fixed web on a sun gear opposite direction of rotation. In contrast, a simple plus planetary gear includes a sun gear, a ring gear and a web on which inner and outer planetary gears are rotatably mounted, wherein all inner planetary gears mesh with the sun gear and all outer planetary gears with the ring gear, each inner planetary gear each having an outer Planet wheel meshes. As a result, the ring gear has the same direction of rotation when the web is held on as the sun gear and there is a positive stationary gear ratio.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the sun gear of the first planetary gear set is connected to the fifth shaft, which is connected to the sun gear of the second planetary gearset and coupled via a second brake to the housing of the transmission, wherein the drive shaft via a first clutch to the fourth shaft is releasably connectable, which is connected to the web of the second planetary gear set and can be coupled via a first brake to the housing of the transmission. Further, the drive shaft via a second clutch to the seventh shaft is detachably connected, which is connected to the ring gear of the second planetary gear and the sun gear of the third planetary gear, wherein the drive shaft is also releasably connectable via a third clutch with the eighth wave, with the Web of the third planetary gear set is connected and via a fourth clutch with the connected to the ring gear of the fourth planetary gear third shaft is detachably connected. Furthermore, the sixth shaft of the transmission is connected to the ring gear of the third planetary gear set and the bridge of the first planetary gear set, wherein the sun gear of the fourth planetary gear set is coupled to the housing and wherein the output shaft of the transmission with the web of the fourth planetary gear set and the ring gear of the first Planetary gear set is connected.

Characterized in that the first, second and third coupling are arranged on the drive shaft of the transmission, two further switching elements are designed as brakes and the fourth clutch is radially arranged near the housing, a good accessibility of all the switching elements of the transmission is ensured, thereby the switching elements can be designed as demand-actuated switching elements. In the context of further embodiments, switching elements of the transmission u.a. be designed as hydraulically actuated switching elements.

Furthermore, suitable translations especially for passenger cars and an increased total spread of the multi-speed transmission, whereby an improvement in ride comfort and a significant consumption reduction are effected.

In addition, the construction cost is significantly reduced with the multi-stage transmission according to the invention by a small number of switching elements. Advantageously, it is possible with the multistage transmission according to the invention to carry out a start with a hydrodynamic converter, an external starting clutch or other suitable external starting elements. It is also conceivable to allow a starting operation with a start-up element integrated in the transmission. Preferably, a switching element which is actuated in the first forward gear and in reverse is suitable.

Furthermore, in the multistage transmission according to the invention, a good efficiency in the main drives with respect to the drag and gear losses. Advantageously, there are low torques in the switching elements and in the planetary gear sets of the multi-speed transmission, whereby the wear in the multi-speed transmission is advantageously reduced. In addition, a correspondingly small dimensioning is made possible by the low torques, whereby the required space and the corresponding costs are reduced. In addition, there are also low speeds at the shafts, the switching elements and the planetary gear sets.

In addition, the transmission according to the invention is designed such that an adaptability to different drive train configurations is made possible both in the power flow direction as well as in space.

The invention will be explained in more detail below by way of example with reference to the attached figures. These are:

Figure 1 is a schematic view of a preferred embodiment of a multi-speed transmission according to the invention; and

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary circuit diagram for a multistage transmission according to FIG. 1.

1 shows a multi-speed transmission according to the invention with a drive shaft 1, an output shaft 2 and four planetary gear sets P1, P2, P3 and P4, which are arranged in a housing G. The planetary gear sets P1, P2, P3, P4 are formed in the example shown in Figure 1 as negative planetary gear sets. According to the invention, at least one of the planetary gear sets P1, P2, P3, P4 can be designed as a positive planetary gear set, if at the same time the web and Hohlradanbindung exchanged and the amount of the stationary gear ratio is increased by 1 compared to the design as a minus planetary gear.

In the embodiment shown, the planetary gear sets P1, P2, P3, P4 axially arranged in the order of the first planetary gear set P1, second planetary gear set P2, third planetary gear set P3, fourth planetary gear set P4. According to the invention, the axial order of the individual planetary gear sets and the arrangement of the switching elements are freely selectable, as long as it allows the binding of the elements.

As shown in Figure 1, six switching elements, namely two brakes 04, 05 and four clutches 14, 17, 18, 38 are provided. The spatial arrangement of the switching elements can be arbitrary and is limited only by the dimensions and the external shape. The clutches and the brakes of the transmission are preferably designed as Reibschaltelemente or lamellar switching elements, but can also be designed as a form-locking switching elements.

With these switching elements a selective switching of nine forward gears and one reverse gear can be realized. The multi-speed transmission according to the invention has a total of eight rotatable shafts, namely the waves 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, wherein the drive shaft, the first shaft 1 and the output shaft form the second shaft 2 of the transmission.

According to the invention is provided in the multi-stage transmission according to Figure 1 that the sun gear of the first planetary gear set P1 is connected to the fifth shaft 5, which is connected to the sun gear of the second planetary gear set P2 and a second brake 05 can be coupled to the housing G of the transmission, said the drive shaft 1 via a first clutch 14 with the fourth shaft 4 is releasably connectable, which is connected to the web of the second planetary gear set P2 and via a first brake 04 to the housing G can be coupled. Referring to Figure 1, the drive shaft 1 via a second clutch 17 with the connected to the ring gear of the second planetary gear P2 and the sun gear of the third planetary gear set P3 seventh shaft 7 detachably connectable and via a third clutch 18 with the eighth shaft 8 detachably connected, the connected to the web of the third planetary gear set P3 and via a fourth clutch 38 with the connected to the ring gear of the fourth planetary gear set P4 third shaft 3 is detachably connectable. As can be seen from Figure 1, the sixth shaft 6 is connected to the ring gear of the third planetary gear set P3 and the web of the first planetary gear P1, wherein the sun gear of the fourth planetary gear set P4 is coupled to the housing G (shaft 0) and wherein the output shaft 2 of the transmission is connected to the web of the fourth planetary gear set P4 and the ring gear of the first planetary gear set P1.

In this case, the first, second and third clutches 14, 17, 18 can be arranged axially next to one another and designed as lamellar switching elements and have a common outer lamella carrier.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary circuit diagram of a multistage transmission according to FIG. For each gear three switching elements are closed. The shift scheme, the respective ratios of the individual gear ratios i and the resulting gear increments or increments φ are taken to the next higher gear example, the value of 8.989 represents the spread of the transmission.

The values for the stationary gear ratios of the planetary gear sets P1, P2, P3, P4 designed as minus planetary gear sets are respectively -2.196, -1, 925, -3.478 and -2.533 in the example shown. From Figure 2 it is seen that in sequential switching mode only one switching element switched on and a switching element must be switched off because two adjacent gear stages use two switching elements together. Further, it will be seen that a large spread is achieved with small gear jumps.

The first forward speed is achieved by closing the second brake 05 and the second and fourth clutches 17, 38, the second forward speed by closing the second brake 05, and the first and fourth clutches 14, 38, the third forward speed Closing the first, second and fourth clutches 14, 17, 38, the fourth forward gear by closing the second, third and fourth clutches 17, 18, 38, the fifth forward gear in the example shown executed by closing the first , second and third clutches 14, 17, 18, the sixth forward speed by closing the second brake 05 and the first and third clutches 14, 18, the seventh forward speed by closing the second brake 05 and the second and third clutches 17, 18, the eighth forward gear Closing the first and second brakes 04, 05 and the third clutch 18 and the ninth forward speed is obtained by closing the first brake 04 and the second and third clutch 17, 18, wherein the reverse by closing the first brake 04 and the second and fourth coupling 17, 38 results.

Alternatively, the fourth forward gear can be switched by further switching combinations, which are designated in Figure 2 with M. Thus, the fourth forward speed can be achieved by closing the first brake 04 and the third and fourth clutches 18, 38 or by closing the second brake 05 and the third and fourth clutches 18, 38 or by closing the first, third and fourth clutches 14, 18 , 38 result.

Characterized in that in the first forward gear and / or in reverse, the first and second brakes 04, 05 and the second and fourth clutches 17, 38 are closed, these switching elements can be used as starting elements.

According to the invention, even with the same transmission scheme depending on the switching logic different gear jumps, so that an application or vehicle-specific variation is possible.

According to the invention, it is also optionally possible to provide additional freewheels at any suitable location of the multi-speed transmission, for example between a shaft and the housing or, if necessary, to connect two shafts.

On the drive side or on the output side, an axle differential and / or a distributor differential can be arranged.

In the context of an advantageous development of the invention, the drive shaft 1 separated by a coupling element of a drive motor as needed be used as a coupling element, a hydrodynamic converter, a hydraulic clutch, a dry starting clutch, a wet starting clutch, a magnetic powder clutch or a centrifugal clutch or the like. It is also possible to arrange such a starting element in the power flow direction behind the transmission, in which case the drive shaft 1 is constantly connected to the crankshaft of the drive motor.

The multistage transmission according to the invention also allows the arrangement of a torsional vibration damper between the drive motor and transmission.

In a further, not shown embodiment of the invention, on each shaft, preferably on the drive shaft 1 or the output shaft 2, a wear-free brake, such. a hydraulic or electric retarder or the like, be arranged, which is particularly important for use in commercial vehicles of particular importance. Furthermore, to drive additional units on each shaft, preferably on the drive shaft 1 or the output shaft 2, a power take-off may be provided.

The friction shift elements used can be designed as power shift clutches or brakes. In particular, non-positive clutches or brakes, such as e.g. Multi-plate clutches, band brakes and / or cone clutches are used.

Another advantage of the multistage transmission presented here is that an electric machine can be mounted on each shaft as a generator and / or as an additional drive machine. REFERENCE CHARACTERS

wave

1 first shaft, drive shaft

second shaft, output shaft

third wave

fourth wave

fifth wave

6 sixth wave

seventh wave

8th wave

04 first brake

05 second brake

14 first clutch

17 second clutch

18 third clutch

38 fourth clutch

G housing

P1 first planetary gear set

P2 second planetary gear set

P3 third planetary gear set

P4 fourth planetary gear set

i translation

Φ increment

Claims

claims

1 . Multi-stage transmission in planetary construction, in particular automatic transmission for a motor vehicle, comprising a drive shaft (1), an output shaft (2) and four planetary gear sets (P1, P2, P3, P4), which are arranged in a housing (G), a total of eight rotatable shafts ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) and six switching elements (04, 05, 14, 17, 18, 38), comprising brakes (04, 05) and couplings (14, 17, 18, 38 ) whose selective engagement causes different gear ratios between the drive shaft (1) and the output shaft (2), so that nine forward gears and one reverse gear can be realized, wherein the sun gear of the first planetary gear set (P1) is connected to the fifth shaft (5), which is connected to the sun gear of the second planetary gear set (P2) and via a second brake (05) to the housing (G) can be coupled, wherein the drive shaft (1) via a first clutch (14) with the fourth shaft (4) releasably connectable which is with the bridge of the second Pla Netenradsatzes (P2) connected and via a first brake (04) to the housing (G) can be coupled, wherein the drive shaft (1) via a second clutch (17) with the ring gear of the second planetary gear set (P2) and the sun gear of the third planetary gear set (P3) connected to the seventh shaft (7) is releasably connectable and via a third clutch (18) with the web of the third planetary gear set (P3) connected eighth shaft (8) is detachably connectable, which via a fourth clutch (38 ) is releasably connectable to the third shaft (3) connected to the ring gear of the fourth planetary gear set (P4), the sixth shaft (6) being connected to the ring gear of the third planetary gear set (P3) and the web of the first planetary gear set (P1), wherein the sun gear of the fourth planetary gear set (P4) is coupled to the housing (G) and wherein the output shaft (2) is connected to the land of the fourth planetary gear set (P4) and the ring gear of the first planetary gear set (P1).

2. Multi-speed transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that the first, second, third and fourth planetary gear set (P1, P2, P3, P4) are designed as negative planetary gear sets.

3. Multi-speed transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that the planetary gear sets axially arranged in the order of first planetary gear set (P1), second planetary gear set (P2), third planetary gear set (P3), fourth planetary gear set (P4) are arranged.

4. Multi-speed transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that the switching elements (04, 05, 14, 17, 18, 38) of the transmission are designed as demand-actuated switching elements.

5. Multi-step transmission according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fourth clutch 38 is designed as a form-locking switching element.

6. Multi-speed transmission according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first forward gear by closing the second brake (05) and the second and fourth clutch (17, 38), the second forward gear by closing the second brake ( 05) and the first and fourth clutches (14, 38), the third forward speed by closing the first, second and fourth clutches (14, 17, 38), the fourth forward speed by closing the second, third and fourth clutches (17, 18, 38), the fifth forward gear by closing the first, second and third clutch (14, 17, 18), the sixth forward gear by closing the second brake (05) and the first and third clutch ( 14, 18), the seventh forward gear by closing the second brake (05) and the second and third clutches (17, 18), the eighth forward gear by closing the first and second brakes (04, 05) and the third Clutch (18) and that the ninth forward gear you Close the first brake (04) and the second and third clutch (17, 18) results, wherein the reverse gear by closing the first brake (04) and the second and fourth clutch (17, 38) results.

7. Multi-speed transmission according to claim 6, characterized in that the fourth forward speed alternatively by closing the first brake (04) and the third and fourth clutch (18, 38) or by closing the second brake (05) and the third and fourth clutches (18, 38) or by closing the first, third and fourth clutches (14, 18, 38).