EP2839499A1 - Spark gap - Google Patents

Spark gap

Info

Publication number
EP2839499A1
EP2839499A1 EP12729934.5A EP12729934A EP2839499A1 EP 2839499 A1 EP2839499 A1 EP 2839499A1 EP 12729934 A EP12729934 A EP 12729934A EP 2839499 A1 EP2839499 A1 EP 2839499A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spark gap
anode
cathode
useful
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP12729934.5A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2839499B1 (en
Inventor
Oliver Heid
Timothy Hughes
Jennifer SIRTL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2839499A1 publication Critical patent/EP2839499A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2839499B1 publication Critical patent/EP2839499B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/22—X-ray tubes specially designed for passing a very high current for a very short time, e.g. for flash operation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/025—X-ray tubes with structurally associated circuit elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
    • H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
    • H05G1/08—Electrical details

Definitions

  • Spark gap The invention relates to a spark gap with an anode and a cathode.
  • a spark gap of the type described above is described in ⁇ example in DE 2 259 382.
  • This is an X-ray source which uses a spark gap to generate X-radiation.
  • the Fun ⁇ ken zone consists of an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode is used as a target for the generation of the X-ray radiation.
  • the X-radiation is produced when an arc is ignited in the spark gap, which excites the target to emit X-ray radiation.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a spark gap with which a possible defined ignition point can be realized.
  • High-pressure spark gap and a useful spark gap which are interconnected by a center piece.
  • the spark gap between the cathode and the with ⁇ telst Culture is formed.
  • the middle piece is connected to the anode via a line in which an electrical resistance is provided.
  • the useful spark gap is formed between the middle piece and the anode.
  • the arrangement of the high-pressure spark gap and the useful spark gap is a series connection. However, the middle piece is over the resistance with the anode connected. To ignite the useful spark gap an increasing voltage is applied to the ge ⁇ entire arrangement. Since the high-pressure spark gap is filled with a gas which is under high pressure, a comparatively high flashover potential is ensured here. While the tension ⁇ voltage increases, is up to the useful radio link at no switching relevant differential potential because it is connected to the center piece, which is equivalent to at this time an on-circuit to ground. Once the comparatively defined switching point of the high-pressure spark gap it is ⁇ enough ignites them.
  • the resistance is 100 to 1000 ⁇ . In this case, it is ensured that switching of the useful spark gap takes place because the adjacent
  • the useful spark gap is provided for generating X-radiation.
  • the anode is used as the target for generating the X-ray radiation.
  • the X-ray radiation can be made available at a defined time switching point. This is an important advance ⁇ requisite for various applications.
  • the X-ray radiation can be used for imaging methods - for example in a flash X-ray source.
  • monochromatic X-ray radiation can be generated with the anode.
  • Monochromatic X-ray radiation can be generated, for example, if the target used is a very thin metal foil, for example made of aluminum or another light metal.
  • the lanthanides can also be used as the target material.
  • the metals and their alloys LE will be referred to aschtme ⁇ metals in the sense of the application, the density of which is less than 5 g / cm 3.
  • this definition applies to the following light metals: all alkali metals, alkaline earth metal all ⁇ le except radium, also scandium, yttrium, titanium and aluminum.
  • Other advantageous material groups for forming the target are tungsten, molybdenum and the group of Lanthanoi ⁇ de. Specifically, this is the element lanthanum, the 14 elements following the lanthanum in the periodic table.
  • the useful spark gap is housed in an evaku ⁇ ible housing, in which a gene for Rönt ⁇ ray radiation transparent window is provided and from which the X-ray radiation can be coupled out.
  • the purpose of the collector is to electrostatically decelerate the electron flow accelerated by the anode, thus depriving it of kinetic energy so far that when the electrons hit the collector, the kinetic energy below the level required for the generation of bremsstrahlung is reached , In this way, the parasitic Erzeu- is avoided by broadband bremsstrahlung supply that would otherwise superimpose the monochromatic, charac ⁇ cal radiation generated by the anode.
  • the anode, the middle piece and the cathode are arranged coaxially. Moreover, it is advantageous if the anode, the center piece and the cathode are formed centrally symmetrical to the common axis. As a result, the formation of inductances is minimized, which would adversely affect the temporal pulse behavior of the spark gaps (rise time of the pulse current).
  • Figure 1 shows schematically the structure of an embodiment of the spark gap according to the invention with a representation of the switching operation without the inclusion of the function of the collector and
  • Figure 2 schematically shows a geometric configuration
  • spark gap according to Figure 1 in section with depicting ⁇ development of the collector. From Figure 1, the structure of the spark gap according to the invention is clear. This has an anode 11 and a cathode 12. Between the anode 11 and the cathode 12, a middle ⁇ piece 13 is connected, so that two spark gaps, namely a high-pressure spark gap 14 and a useful spark gap 15, arise.
  • the center piece 13, which acts as an anode for the useful spark gap 15, via a line 16 and the resistor 17 high impedance to the anode potential is ⁇ connected.
  • the center piece 13 forms the Ka ⁇ method.
  • the high pressure Spark gap shows the defined switching behavior 18, wherein at a defined voltage increase U with known steep ⁇ unit the switching point is reached after a defined time t. With the switching point (t s / U s ), the switching timing of the useful spark gap can be predicted comparatively accurately.
  • the center piece 13 Due to the low-impedance characteristic of the useful spark gap 14, the center piece 13 has cathode potential in the switching instant of the spark plug 14. The resistor 17 is now the full voltage between the cathode and anode.
  • Figure 2 can be inferred that the arrangement of the anodes de 12, the middle piece 13, the cathode 11 and a collector ⁇ gate 21 is coaxially constructed. In addition, all of these construction ⁇ parts are also centrally symmetrical to the common axis 22 of the coaxial structure.
  • the high-pressure spark gap is housed in a first housing 23, wherein the first housing can be filled with a suitable working gas with the required pressure (filling device not shown in detail).
  • the useful spark gap 15 is located together with the collector ⁇ tor 21 in a second housing 24, which is evacuated.
  • This second housing also has a window 25, can be coupled out of the housing by the X-ray radiation 26 and ei ⁇ ner application can be supplied.

Landscapes

  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a spark gap comprising a cathode (12) and an anode (11). According to the invention, said spark gap is divided into two partial spark gaps by means of a central piece (13), namely a high-pressure spark gap (14) and an effective spark gap (15) Said effective spark gap (15) can for example, be used to generate monochromatic x-rays (26). In order to guarantee a defined switching time, the high-pressure spark gap (14) which is initially switched to defined, is used. The switching initiates a potential so high on the centre piece that, when the high pressure spark gap (14) is switched, the effective spark gap (15) can also be switched in a defined manner without significant delays, to a visibly higher voltage.

Description

Beschreibung description
Funkenstrecke Die Erfindung betrifft eine Funkenstrecke mit einer Anode und einer Kathode. Spark gap The invention relates to a spark gap with an anode and a cathode.
Eine Funkenstrecke der eingangs angegebenen Art ist bei¬ spielsweise in der DE 2 259 382 beschrieben. Hierbei handelt es sich um eine Röntgenstrahlungsquelle, die zur Erzeugung von Röntgenstrahlung eine Funkenstrecke verwendet. Die Fun¬ kenstrecke besteht aus einer Anode und einer Kathode, wobei die Anode als Target für die Erzeugung der Röntgenstrahlung zum Einsatz kommt. Die Röntgenstrahlung entsteht, wenn ein Lichtbogen in der Funkenstrecke gezündet wird, der das Target zur Aussendung der Röntgenstrahlung anregt. A spark gap of the type described above is described in ¬ example in DE 2 259 382. This is an X-ray source which uses a spark gap to generate X-radiation. The Fun ¬ kenstrecke consists of an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode is used as a target for the generation of the X-ray radiation. The X-radiation is produced when an arc is ignited in the spark gap, which excites the target to emit X-ray radiation.
Für die Anwendung der Röntgenstrahlung ist es wünschenswert, wenn die Funkenstrecke einen möglichst definierten Zündpunkt hat. Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, eine Funkenstrecke anzugeben, mit der sich ein möglichst definierter Zündpunkt verwirklichen lässt. For the application of X-radiation, it is desirable if the spark gap has a possible defined ignition point. The object of the invention is therefore to provide a spark gap with which a possible defined ignition point can be realized.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit der eingangs angegebenen Funkenstrecke erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass die Funkenstrecke eineThis object is achieved with the spark gap mentioned above according to the invention that the spark gap a
Hochdruck-Funkenstrecke und eine Nutz-Funkenstrecke aufweist, welche durch ein Mittelstück miteinander verbunden sind. Dabei ist die Funkenstrecke zwischen der Kathode und dem Mit¬ telststück ausgebildet. Das Mittelstück ist über eine Lei- tung, in der ein elektrischer Widerstand vorgesehen ist, mit der Anode verbunden. Die Nutz-Funkenstrecke ist zwischen dem Mittelstück und der Anode ausgebildet. Diese Anordnung erlaubt vorteilhaft einen sehr definierten Zündpunkt, wobei dieser durch folgenden Zündmechanismus gewährleistet ist. High-pressure spark gap and a useful spark gap, which are interconnected by a center piece. In this case, the spark gap between the cathode and the with ¬ telststück is formed. The middle piece is connected to the anode via a line in which an electrical resistance is provided. The useful spark gap is formed between the middle piece and the anode. This arrangement advantageously allows a very defined ignition point, which is ensured by the following ignition mechanism.
Bei der Anordnung der Hochdruck-Funkenstrecke und der Nutz- Funkenstrecke handelt es sich um eine Serienschaltung. Allerdings ist das Mittelstück über den Widerstand mit der Anode verbunden. Zum Zünden der Nutz-Funkenstrecke wird an die ge¬ samte Anordnung eine steigende Spannung angelegt. Da die Hochdruck-Funkenstrecke mit einem Gas gefüllt ist, welches unter einem hohen Druck steht, ist hier ein vergleichsweise hohes Überschlagspotential gewährleistet. Während die Span¬ nung steigt, liegt an der Nutz-Funkenstrecke noch kein schaltrelevantes Differentialpotential an, da diese mit dem Mittelstück verbunden ist, was zu diesem Zeitpunkt einem An- schluss an Masse gleichzusetzen ist. Sobald der vergleichs- weise definierte Schaltpunkt der Hochdruck-Funkenstrecke er¬ reicht ist, zündet diese. Bei dem Durchschlag in der Hoch¬ druck-Funkenstrecke bildet sich dann ein Lichtbogen aus, der einer niederimpedanten Verbindung der Kathode mit dem Mittelstück gleichkommt. Damit liegt an der Nutz-Funkenstrecke schlagartig ein Potential an, das deutlich über dem nötigen Zündpotential der Nutz-Funkenstrecke liegt. Diese zündet da¬ her zuverlässig zum definierten Zeitpunkt aufgrund der in Gang gesetzten Kettenreaktion. Durch das Zünden der Hochdruck-Funkenstrecke steht die notwendige Spannung nämlich au- genblicklich zur Verfügung (die Steilheit des zeitlichen Spannungsverlaufs ist ausgesprochen hoch) . The arrangement of the high-pressure spark gap and the useful spark gap is a series connection. However, the middle piece is over the resistance with the anode connected. To ignite the useful spark gap an increasing voltage is applied to the ge ¬ entire arrangement. Since the high-pressure spark gap is filled with a gas which is under high pressure, a comparatively high flashover potential is ensured here. While the tension ¬ voltage increases, is up to the useful radio link at no switching relevant differential potential because it is connected to the center piece, which is equivalent to at this time an on-circuit to ground. Once the comparatively defined switching point of the high-pressure spark gap it is ¬ enough ignites them. When the breakdown in the high ¬ pressure spark gap then forms an arc, which equals a low impedance connection of the cathode with the center piece. This is at the useful spark gap abruptly a potential that is well above the required ignition potential of the useful spark gap. This ignites as ¬ ago reliably at a defined time due to set in motion the chain reaction. By igniting the high-pressure spark gap, the necessary voltage is immediately available (the steepness of the temporal voltage curve is extremely high).
Gemäß einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung beträgt der Widerstand 100 bis 1000 ΜΩ. Hierbei ist gewährleistet, dass ein Schalten der Nutz-Funkenstrecke erfolgt, da die anliegendeAccording to one embodiment of the invention, the resistance is 100 to 1000 Ω. In this case, it is ensured that switching of the useful spark gap takes place because the adjacent
Spannung aufgrund des hohen Widerstandes nicht über die Lei¬ tung abgebaut werden kann, die das Mittelstück mit der Anode verbindet . Gemäß einer anderen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Nutz-Funkenstrecke zur Erzeugung von Röntgenstrahlung vorgesehen ist. Als Target zur Erzeugung der Röntgenstrahlung kommt die Anode zum Einsatz. Damit kann die Röntgenstrahlung zu einem definierten Zeitschaltpunkt zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Dieses ist eine wichtige Voraus¬ setzung für verschiedene Applikationen. Beispielsweise kann die Röntgenstrahlung für bildgebende Verfahren zum Einsatz kommen - zum Beispiel in einer Blitz-Röntgenstrahlungsquelle. Gemäß einer besonderen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass mit der Anode monochromatische Röntgenstrahlung erzeugbar ist. Wird zur Erzeugung der monochromatischen Rönt- genstrahlung eine Nutz-Funkenstrecke verwendet, so kann zur Erzeugung vorteilhaft ein genügend hoher Puls zur Verfügung gestellt werden, damit monochromatische Röntgenstrahlung in einem für die verfolgten Untersuchungszwecke genügenden Umfang zur Verfügung gestellt wird. Monochromatische Röntgen- Strahlung lässt sich beispielsweise erzeugen, wenn als Target eine sehr dünne Metallfolie beispielsweise aus Aluminium oder einem anderen Leichtmetall verwendet wird. Als Targetmaterial können auch die Lanthanoide verwendet werden. Als Leichtme¬ talle im Sinne der Anmeldung sollen die Metalle und deren Le- gierungen bezeichnet werden, deren Dichte unterhalb von 5 g/cm3 liegt. Im Einzelnen trifft diese Definition auf folgende Leichtmetalle zu: alle Alkalimetalle, alle Erdalkalimetal¬ le außer Radium, außerdem Scandium, Yttrium, Titan und Aluminium. Andere vorteilhafte Werkstoffgruppen zur Ausbildung des Targets sind Wolfram, Molybdän und die Gruppe der Lanthanoi¬ de. Im Einzelnen handelt es sich dabei um das Element Lanthan die 14 im Periodensystem auf das Lanthan folgenden Elemente. Due to the high resistance, voltage can not be dissipated via the line connecting the center piece to the anode. According to another embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the useful spark gap is provided for generating X-radiation. The anode is used as the target for generating the X-ray radiation. Thus, the X-ray radiation can be made available at a defined time switching point. This is an important advance ¬ requisite for various applications. For example, the X-ray radiation can be used for imaging methods - for example in a flash X-ray source. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, it is provided that monochromatic X-ray radiation can be generated with the anode. If a useful spark gap is used to generate the monochromatic X-ray radiation, then a sufficiently high pulse can advantageously be made available for the generation of monochromatic X-ray radiation to an extent that is sufficient for the purposes of the investigation. Monochromatic X-ray radiation can be generated, for example, if the target used is a very thin metal foil, for example made of aluminum or another light metal. The lanthanides can also be used as the target material. The metals and their alloys LE will be referred to as Leichtme ¬ metals in the sense of the application, the density of which is less than 5 g / cm 3. Specifically, this definition applies to the following light metals: all alkali metals, alkaline earth metal all ¬ le except radium, also scandium, yttrium, titanium and aluminum. Other advantageous material groups for forming the target are tungsten, molybdenum and the group of Lanthanoi ¬ de. Specifically, this is the element lanthanum, the 14 elements following the lanthanum in the periodic table.
Um eine Röntgenstrahlungsquelle technisch zu realisieren, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Nutz-Funkenstrecke in einem evaku¬ ierbaren Gehäuse untergebracht ist, in dem auch ein für Rönt¬ genstrahlung transparentes Fenster vorgesehen ist und aus dem die Röntgenstrahlung ausgekoppelt werden kann. Der Kollektor dient dazu, den durch die Anode beschleunigten Elektronen- ström elektrostatisch abzubremsen und ihm damit die kinetische Energie so weit zu entziehen, dass beim Aufprall der Elektronen auf den Kollektor die kinetische Energie unterhalb des Nieveaus ist, die für die Erzeugung von Bremsstrahlung erforderlich ist. Auf diese Weise wird die parasitäre Erzeu- gung von breitbandiger Bremsstrahlung vermieden, die sonst die von der Anode erzeugte monochromatische, charakteristi¬ sche Strahlung überlagern würde. Weiterhin ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Anode, das Mittelstück und die Kathode koaxial angeordnet sind. Vorteilhaft ist es überdies, wenn die Anode, das Mittelstück und die Kathode zentralsymmetrisch zur gemeinsamen Achse ausgebildet sind. Hierdurch wird die Ausbildung von Induktivitäten minimiert, die das zeitliche Pulsverhalten der Funkenstrecken (Anstiegszeit des Pulsstromes) negativ beeinflussen würden. To realize an X-ray source technically, it is advantageous if the useful spark gap is housed in an evaku ¬ ible housing, in which a gene for Rönt ¬ ray radiation transparent window is provided and from which the X-ray radiation can be coupled out. The purpose of the collector is to electrostatically decelerate the electron flow accelerated by the anode, thus depriving it of kinetic energy so far that when the electrons hit the collector, the kinetic energy below the level required for the generation of bremsstrahlung is reached , In this way, the parasitic Erzeu- is avoided by broadband bremsstrahlung supply that would otherwise superimpose the monochromatic, charac ¬ cal radiation generated by the anode. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the anode, the middle piece and the cathode are arranged coaxially. Moreover, it is advantageous if the anode, the center piece and the cathode are formed centrally symmetrical to the common axis. As a result, the formation of inductances is minimized, which would adversely affect the temporal pulse behavior of the spark gaps (rise time of the pulse current).
Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung beschrieben. Gleiche oder sich entsprechende Zeichnungselemente sind jeweils mit den gleichen Bezugszei¬ chen versehen und werden nur insoweit mehrfach erläutert, wie sich Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Figuren ergeben. Es zeigen : Further details of the invention are described below with reference to the drawing. Identical or corresponding drawing elements are each provided with the same Bezugszei ¬ chen and are only explained several times as far as differences arise between the individual figures. Show it :
Figur 1 schematisch den Aufbau eines Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Funkenstrecke mit einer Darstellung des Schaltvorgangs ohne Einbeziehung der Funktion des Kollektors und Figure 1 shows schematically the structure of an embodiment of the spark gap according to the invention with a representation of the switching operation without the inclusion of the function of the collector and
Figur 2 schematisch eine geometrische Ausgestaltung der Figure 2 schematically shows a geometric configuration of
Funkenstrecke gemäß Figur 1 im Schnitt mit Darstel¬ lung des Kollektors. Aus Figur 1 wird der Aufbau der erfindungsgemäßen Funkenstrecke deutlich. Diese weist eine Anode 11 und eine Kathode 12 auf. Zwischen die Anode 11 und die Kathode 12 ist ein Mittel¬ stück 13 geschaltet, so dass zwei Funkenstrecken, nämlich eine Hochdruck-Funkenstrecke 14 und eine Nutz-Funkenstrecke 15, entstehen. Außerdem ist das Mittelstück 13, welches als Anode für die Nutz-Funkenstrecke 15 fungiert, über eine Leitung 16 und dem Widerstand 17 hochohmig an das Anodenpotential ange¬ bunden . Für die Hochdruck-Funkenstrecke, für die eine Gasfüllung mit hohem Druck verwendet wird, bildet das Mittelstück 13 die Ka¬ thode. Als Füllgase für die Hochdruck-Funkenstrecke können Edelgase als Füllgase verwendet werden. Die Hochdruck- Funkenstrecke zeigt das definierte Schaltverhalten 18, wobei bei einem definierten Spannungsanstieg U mit bekannter Steil¬ heit der Schaltpunkt nach einer definierten Zeit t erreicht wird. Mit dem Schaltpunkt (ts/Us) kann der SchaltZeitpunkt der Nutz-Funkenstrecke vergleichsweise genau vorhergesagt werden. Wie bereits erläutert, steht im Falle des Schaltens der Hochdruck-Funkenstrecke nämlich das notwendige Schaltpo¬ tential zur Schaltung der Nutz-Funkenstrecke 15 sofort zur Verfügung. Durch die niederohmige Charakteristik der Nutzfun- kenstrecke 14 hat im SchaltZeitpunkt der Nutzfunkenstecke 14 das Mittelstück 13 Kathodenpotential. Am Widerstand 17 liegt nun die volle Spannung zwischen Kathode und Anode an. Es fließt ein durch den Widerstandswert von Widerstand 17 defi¬ nierter Strom durch den Widerstand. Die parasitären Indukti- vitäten des Widerstandes 17 reduzieren den systembedingten Stromfluss durch den Widerstand 17 zusätzlich. Durch den steilen Spannungsanstieg zwischen dem Zwischenstück 13 und der Anode 11 wird das Überschlagsverhalten der Nutzfunkenstrecke 15 so positiv beeinflusst, dass zum Überschlags- Zeitpunkt der Nutzfunkenstrecke 15 eine deutlich höhere Span¬ nung anliegt, als dies durch eine konventionelle Zündung mit niedrigem Spannungsanstiegsgradienten möglich wäre. Die Spark gap according to Figure 1 in section with depicting ¬ development of the collector. From Figure 1, the structure of the spark gap according to the invention is clear. This has an anode 11 and a cathode 12. Between the anode 11 and the cathode 12, a middle ¬ piece 13 is connected, so that two spark gaps, namely a high-pressure spark gap 14 and a useful spark gap 15, arise. In addition, the center piece 13, which acts as an anode for the useful spark gap 15, via a line 16 and the resistor 17 high impedance to the anode potential is ¬ connected. For the high-pressure spark gap, for which a gas filling with high pressure is used, the center piece 13 forms the Ka ¬ method. As filling gases for the high-pressure spark gap noble gases can be used as filling gases. The high pressure Spark gap shows the defined switching behavior 18, wherein at a defined voltage increase U with known steep ¬ unit the switching point is reached after a defined time t. With the switching point (t s / U s ), the switching timing of the useful spark gap can be predicted comparatively accurately. As already explained, in the case of switching the high-pressure spark gap namely the necessary Schaltpo ¬ potential for switching the useful spark gap 15 is immediately available. Due to the low-impedance characteristic of the useful spark gap 14, the center piece 13 has cathode potential in the switching instant of the spark plug 14. The resistor 17 is now the full voltage between the cathode and anode. It flows through the resistance of resistor 17 defi ¬ nated current through the resistor. The parasitic inductances of the resistor 17 additionally reduce the system-related current flow through the resistor 17. Due to the steep voltage increase between the intermediate piece 13 and the anode 11, the breakdown behavior of the Nutzfunkenstrecke 15 is positively influenced, that at the rollover time of Nutzfunkenstrecke 15 bears a much higher clamping ¬ voltage, than would be possible by a conventional ignition low Spannungsanstiegsgradienten. The
Schaltung der Nutz-Funkenstrecke 15 zum Zeitpunkt ts ist un¬ gefähr to, da der Spannungsanstieg bedingt durch die niedrige Induktivität der Anordnung extrem steil ist. Das notwendige Schaltpotential Us der Nutzfunkenstrecke 15 wird durch den extrem steilen Spannungsgradienten deutlich übertroffen Im Ergebnis liegt an der Nutzfunkenstrecke innerhalb sehr kurzer Zeit (Nanosekunden) , eine deutlich über der Zündspannung lie- genden Spannung an. Damit bildet sich ein starker Überschlag durch die Anode hindurch aus . Die Durchbruchspannung der Nutzfunkenstrecke 15 ist durch diese Anordnung nicht mehr vorrangig von Us abhängig, die im wesentlichen durch die Geometrie und dem Vakuum abhängig ist, sonder von der von außen angelegten Anodenspannung und der entsprechenden Auslegung der Hochdruckfunkenstrecke 14. Die Dauer der Entladung der Nutzfunkenstrecke ist bestimmt durch die Kapazität der Anord- nung und der darin gespeicherten Energie und den parasitären Induktivitäten im Aufbau. Circuit of the useful spark gap 15 at time t s is un ¬ dangerous to, since the voltage rise is extremely steep due to the low inductance of the arrangement. The necessary switching potential U s of the useful spark gap 15 is significantly exceeded by the extremely steep voltage gradient. As a result, a voltage clearly above the ignition voltage is applied to the useful spark gap within a very short time (nanoseconds). This forms a strong flashover through the anode. The breakdown voltage of the Nutzfunkenstrecke 15 is no longer primarily dependent on U s by this arrangement, which is dependent essentially on the geometry and the vacuum, but of the externally applied anode voltage and the corresponding design of the high-pressure spark gap 14. The duration of the discharge of Nutzfunkenstrecke is determined by the capacity of the arrangements tion and the energy stored therein and the parasitic inductances in the structure.
Der Figur 2 lässt sich entnehmen, dass die Anordnung der Ano- de 12, des Mittelstücks 13, der Kathode 11 und eines Kollek¬ tors 21 koaxial aufgebaut ist. Außerdem sind alle diese Bau¬ teile auch zentralsymmetrisch zur gemeinsamen Achse 22 des koaxialen Aufbaus. Die Hochdruck-Funkenstrecke ist in einem ersten Gehäuse 23 untergebracht, wobei das erste Gehäuse mit einem geeigneten Arbeitsgas mit dem geforderten Druck befüllt werden kann (Befüllvorrichtung nicht näher dargestellt) . Die Nutz-Funkenstrecke 15 befindet sich gemeinsam mit dem Kollek¬ tor 21 in einem zweiten Gehäuse 24, welches evakuiert ist. Dieses zweite Gehäuse weist auch ein Fenster 25 auf, durch das Röntgenstrahlung 26 aus dem Gehäuse ausgekoppelt und ei¬ ner Anwendung zugeführt werden kann. Figure 2 can be inferred that the arrangement of the anodes de 12, the middle piece 13, the cathode 11 and a collector ¬ gate 21 is coaxially constructed. In addition, all of these construction ¬ parts are also centrally symmetrical to the common axis 22 of the coaxial structure. The high-pressure spark gap is housed in a first housing 23, wherein the first housing can be filled with a suitable working gas with the required pressure (filling device not shown in detail). The useful spark gap 15 is located together with the collector ¬ tor 21 in a second housing 24, which is evacuated. This second housing also has a window 25, can be coupled out of the housing by the X-ray radiation 26 and ei ¬ ner application can be supplied.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Funkenstrecke mit einer Anode (11) und einer Kathode (12) d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , 1. spark gap with an anode (11) and a cathode (12) d a d u r c h e c e n e c e n e,
dass die Funkenstrecke eine Hochdruck-Funkenstrecke (14) und eine Nutz-Funkenstecke (15) aufweist, welche durch ein Mit¬ telstück (13) miteinander verbunden sind, wobei that the spark gap has a high-pressure spark gap (14) and a useful radio connector (15) formed by a ¬ With telstück (13) are connected to each other, wherein
• die Hochdruck-Funkenstrecke (14) zwischen der Kathode • the high-pressure spark gap (14) between the cathode
(12) und dem Mittelstück (13) ausgebildet ist, (12) and the middle piece (13) is formed,
· das Mittelstück (13) über eine Leitung (16), in der ein elektrischer Widerstand (17) vorgesehen ist, mit der Anode (11) verbunden ist und  The center piece (13) is connected to the anode (11) via a line (16) in which an electrical resistance (17) is provided, and
• die Nutz-Funkenstrecke (15) zwischen dem Mittelstück The useful spark gap (15) between the middle piece
(13) und der Anode (11) ausgebildet ist. (13) and the anode (11) is formed.
2. nach Anspruch 1, 2. according to claim 1,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , characterized ,
dass der Widerstand ein Wert von 100 bis 1000 ΜΩ aufweist und insbesondere auch einen Induktivitätsbelag aufweist. that the resistor has a value of 100 to 1000 Ω and in particular also has an inductance coating.
3. nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 3. according to claim 1 or 2
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , characterized ,
dass die Nutz-Funkenstrecke (15) zur Erzeugung von Röntgen¬ strahlung vorgesehen ist, wobei als Target zur Erzeugung der Röntgenstrahlung die Anode (11) zum Einsatz kommt. that the useful spark gap (15) is provided for generating X-radiation ¬, wherein as a target for generating the X-ray anode (11) is used.
4. nach Anspruch 3, 4. according to claim 3,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , characterized ,
dass mit der Anode (11) monochromatische Röntgenstralung er- zeugbar ist. that monochromatic X-ray stratification can be generated with the anode (11).
5. nach einem der Ansprüche 3 oder 4, 5. according to one of claims 3 or 4,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , characterized ,
dass die Nutz-Funkenstrecke in einem evakuierbaren Gehäuse (24) untergebracht ist, in dem auch ein Kollektor (21) vorgesehen ist und aus dem die Röntgenstrahlung ausgekoppelt werden kann. that the useful spark gap is housed in an evacuable housing (24), in which a collector (21) is provided and from which the X-ray radiation can be coupled out.
6. nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, 6. according to any one of the preceding claims,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , characterized ,
dass die Anode (11), das Mittelstück (13) und die Kathode (12) koaxial angeordnet sind. in that the anode (11), the center piece (13) and the cathode (12) are arranged coaxially.
7. nach Anspruch 6, 7. according to claim 6,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , characterized ,
dass die Anode (11), das Mittelstück (13) und die Kathode (12) zentralsymmetrisch zur gemeinsamen Achse ausgebildet sind. in that the anode (11), the center piece (13) and the cathode (12) are formed centrally symmetrical to the common axis.
EP12729934.5A 2012-06-14 2012-06-14 Spark gap Not-in-force EP2839499B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2012/061298 WO2013185824A1 (en) 2012-06-14 2012-06-14 Spark gap

Publications (2)

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EP2839499A1 true EP2839499A1 (en) 2015-02-25
EP2839499B1 EP2839499B1 (en) 2017-03-22

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EP12729934.5A Not-in-force EP2839499B1 (en) 2012-06-14 2012-06-14 Spark gap

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US (1) US9679737B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2839499B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2015526838A (en)
KR (1) KR101689486B1 (en)
CN (1) CN104364875B (en)
RU (1) RU2608364C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2013185824A1 (en)

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RU2654493C1 (en) * 2017-03-06 2018-05-21 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" Vacuum arrester
RU2654494C1 (en) * 2017-03-10 2018-05-21 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" Vacuum spark discharger
RU196930U1 (en) * 2019-12-09 2020-03-23 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" SMALL TWO-SECTION CONTROLLED VACUUM DISCHARGE
RU200561U1 (en) * 2019-12-09 2020-10-29 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" CONTROLLED VACUUM ARRESTER
JP7180931B2 (en) 2021-09-07 2022-11-30 日本コルマー株式会社 External composition for nanobubble cosmetics

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US656667A (en) * 1899-11-27 1900-08-28 Wolfgang Schmid Flexible metal pipe-coupling.
US1283318A (en) 1918-09-03 1918-10-29 Henry Ruschmeyer Spring-bed support.
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FR2075303A5 (en) * 1970-01-08 1971-10-08 Tsukerman Veniamin
GB1443048A (en) 1972-12-05 1976-07-21 Strahlen Umweltforsch Gmbh X-ray source
JPH01225218A (en) * 1988-03-04 1989-09-08 Hitachi Ltd Vacuum trigger gap
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JP3500079B2 (en) * 1998-11-10 2004-02-23 日新電機株式会社 Square wave power supply
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JP6211604B2 (en) 2012-05-30 2017-10-11 シーメンス アクティエンゲゼルシャフト Spark gap with capacitive energy storage device

Also Published As

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RU2608364C2 (en) 2017-01-18
US20150187539A1 (en) 2015-07-02
EP2839499B1 (en) 2017-03-22
US9679737B2 (en) 2017-06-13
RU2015100885A (en) 2016-08-10
WO2013185824A1 (en) 2013-12-19
KR20150023015A (en) 2015-03-04
JP2015526838A (en) 2015-09-10
CN104364875A (en) 2015-02-18
CN104364875B (en) 2017-05-03
KR101689486B1 (en) 2016-12-23

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