Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
  • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
  • G09B5/00—Electrically-operated educational appliances
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
  • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
  • G09B5/00—Electrically-operated educational appliances
  • G09B5/08—Electrically-operated educational appliances providing for individual presentation of information to a plurality of student stations
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
  • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
  • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
  • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means

Definitions

• the invention relates to the field of electronic assistance to teaching, in particular teaching young children (kindergarten or primary school pupils).
• Some teaching techniques involve tablets, namely very flat laptops whose main surface of one of the two main faces consists of a screen. This may include conventional tablets designed for generic use (and not specifically for teaching young children).
• These tablets can be touch tablets. They can then be used to write directly on the screen, either with one or more fingers, or via a stylus, which may be preferable in the context of learning to write because it is apparent in the use of a pen (or more generally a "writer tool").
• the invention aims to improve the situation.
• One aspect of the invention relates to an electronic teaching assistance system, comprising:
• a plurality of wireless touch tablets each comprising a user identification circuit
• a teaching computer storing a list of pupils, arranged to transmit to each wireless touch pad whose identified user is a student of the list an educational content, a supervisory circuit arranged to record the tactile inputs made at the level of the set of wireless touch tablets whose identified user is a pupil of the list of pupils, in a file linked to said pupil and comprising the spatial coordinates of the touch input considered and a time marker indicating the instant of the tactile input, and to replay, on request of the teaching computer, the educational content transmitted to the touch pad used by a given student from the list of students, and at the same time, the result of tactile input on this touch pad.
• This system is advantageous not only in that it allows class supervision, but also in that the amount of data generated for this supervision is reduced, thereby saving bandwidth. In particular, when thirty or so tablets are simultaneously communicating over the wireless network, parsimonious use of radio resources is advantageous. The system is also advantageous in that it saves storage space. The class supervision allowed by this system improves the interactivity of teaching.
• Another aspect of the invention relates to an electronic teaching assistance method using a system comprising:
• a plurality of wireless touch tablets each comprising a user identification circuit
• a teaching computer storing a list of pupils, arranged to transmit to each wireless touch pad whose identified user is a student of the list an educational content
• This method is advantageous not only in that it allows class supervision, but also in that the amount of data generated for this supervision is reduced, thereby saving bandwidth.
• the method is also advantageous in that it saves storage space.
• the class supervision allowed by this process improves the interactivity of teaching.
• Another aspect of the invention relates to a computer program comprising a series of instructions implementing the method according to one aspect of the invention when these instructions are executed by one or more processor (s).
• Another aspect of the invention relates to a computer-readable non-transitory storage medium comprising a computer program according to one aspect of the invention.
• Figure 1 illustrates a system according to a possible embodiment
• Figure 2 illustrates different steps of a method according to a possible embodiment.
• Fig. 1 shows a system comprising a system comprising a teaching computer, a set of touch pads T1, T2 ... TN, and a supervisory circuit SV.
• the teaching computer includes a PC laptop usable by a teacher, connected to an SRV server.
• the SRV server manages the touch pads, and includes the supervisory circuit SV.
• a first embodiment relates to an electronic assistance system for teaching.
• the system includes a plurality of wireless touch pads, each including a user identification circuit.
• the system includes a teaching computer storing a list of students, arranged to transmit to each wireless touch pad whose identified user is a student of the list educational content.
• the user identification circuit may be a processor (it may even be an existing processor of the tablet, such as its main processor), associated with a memory storing a program adapted for the implementation of the 'identification.
• the identification circuit can be arranged to verify with the teaching computer that the identifier entered corresponds to a student of the class.
• the identification circuit may also be a dedicated electronic circuit, such as an ASIC or an FPGA, or even a fully customized electronic circuit, or a dedicated microcontroller. It can also be a combination of a component of the tablet and a component of the teaching computer. The identification circuit can thus obtain from a component of the teaching computer the list of students recorded in the teaching computer, present this list on the screen of the touch pad and ask the user to click on his name.
• the circuit can also ask the user to write his name (by clicking on displayed letters, or using a keyboard).
• the identification circuit merely displays information transmitted by the teaching computer (for example the list of pupils in the form of a transmitted JPEG image), and to send back to the student. 'computer teaching the selection of the user (an index in a list, or the coordinates of a selected point on the screen, etc.).
• the teaching computer then deduces itself from which student it is (and possibly returns the identification of the student to a component of the identification circuit located in the tablet). Tablets can be trivialized (not linked to a particular student), so every time students pick up a tablet for an exercise that requires a tablet, they may need to use a different tablet.
• the teaching computer may be a conventional portable personal computer equipped with appropriate software according to the invention. Rather than a laptop, it can also be a desktop computer (equipped with a tower, a separate screen and a separate keyboard) including appropriate software, or a console. any control equipped with appropriate software.
• the teaching computer may also consist of several elements.
• the teaching computer may be a physical server (storing the student list) associated with a laptop or desktop computer providing a user interface to a teacher (the server is not necessarily equipped with a screen nor a keyboard).
• the physical server can be in the classroom, for example in a docking station, and communicate with the desktop computer or laptop (which can be found for example on the teacher's desk, in the classroom) by wired (Ethernet or other) or wireless communication (eg WiFi).
• Each tablet may comprise a WiFi wireless communication circuit capable of communicating with the teaching computer (for example with the server of the teaching computer in the case where the teaching computer comprises such a server) via WiFi communication (or any other appropriate wireless protocol).
• the system includes a supervision circuit arranged to record the tactile input made at the set of wireless touch tablets whose identified user is a pupil of the list of students.
• the supervisory circuit records these tactile inputs in a file related to said student and including the spatial coordinates of the tactile input. considered (for example the abscissa and the ordinate of the point of the seizure on the screen, or the polar coordinates of this point).
• the file linked to said student also comprises a time marker indicating the time of the touch input (for example in the form of the time elapsed since the beginning of the exercise, which can be expressed for example in hundredths of a second).
• the time marker can also be based on a temporal repository of the supervision circuit, the tablet, or the teaching computer (these three entities can also have a common temporal reference, synchronized for example with the using an external entity such as a server connected to an atomic clock).
• the time marker can correspond to the precise time (for example to the hundredth of a second close) in the time zone on the basis of which one of these entities would be configured.
• Touch input can result from typing on a touch screen using a stylus (it can alternatively be a direct entry with a finger, less accurate than with a stylus).
• Touch input is consecutive to the display of educational content by the tablet. They correspond to an interaction of the student with this educational content.
• the educational content (for example in HTML format or in a proprietary format) can be displayed using software installed on the tablet (for example a web browser or a dedicated software, possibly proprietary) or be contained in a executable file executed by the tablet.
• the recording of spatial coordinates and temporal markers is advantageous in particular in that it allows the implementation of a replay mechanism independent of the means implemented to display the educational content.
• it is not necessary to be able to determine the meaning of the student's input (eg it is not necessary to determine whether the student is writing, or to click on an element displayed among a list of elements, or to perform any other task).
• a new type of educational content is developed and requires new specific software, it is not necessary to modify the method of recording spatial coordinates. and time of each entry, which remains operational. Just install this new specific software, which minimizes integration problems.
• the recording of each entry may include additional information, such as a possible change of palette ("color" of the stylus, ie color represented when the student draws with the stylus).
• color ie color represented when the student draws with the stylus.
• the additional information is more particularly relevant when it does not result directly or indirectly from the student's tactile input, and is therefore not determinable based on this input and the educational content displayed.
• a change in the thickness of the writing line initiated by the student by clicking on an icon provided for this purpose, can be determined a posteriori solely on the basis of student input and educational content.
• the displayed content could include a line thickness change icon where the student clicked.
• some parameters may be external parameters.
• the teaching computer can be arranged to intervene on students' shelves. In particular, it can intervene to change a pen thickness parameter on the screen. The points may be larger or smaller and the lines drawn on the screen more or less thick, depending on this thickness parameter.
• the teacher can, if he realizes that a pupil who has a bad sight writes with a fine line, change the thickness of his features without moving (from the teaching computer) and without even involve the student.
• the instructional computer may also be arranged, for example, to change the current color (among the colors of a proposed palette) used by the student, without the pupil intervening or being interrupted in his work. .
• the teaching computer can also be arranged to allow such a modification in a global manner (for a predetermined group of students or for the entire class). So, rather than saying "take your blue pen” and wait (possibly for a long time, with young children) that all students have configured their pen (for example by clicking on an icon blue), the teacher can simply configure all the tablets, from his teaching computer, so that pen touch typing is reflected in blue markings. In this case, the subsequent tactile input made by each student can record the change of pallet or line thickness (or any other parameter) made on the tablet from the teaching computer, in each file related to each of them. these students.
• the student's tactile inputs are obtained by sampling at a frequency of 5 Hz and 100 Hz.
• a frequency sampling rate for example when the student is drawing and holding the stylus in the pressed position
• up to 100 captures per second for a frequency sampling rate of 100 Hz
• a high sampling frequency such as 100 Hertz
• a decimation or an interpolation is implemented on the basis of the entries obtained before recording them.
• the supervisory circuit can interpolate (for example a polynomial interpolation). He can thus choose the minimum of seizures among all the seizures obtained taking into account the sampling frequency, such as by the least squares method (or a similar method) the difference between the curve interpolated on the basis of these minimal seizures. and the curve corresponding to all the seizures actually obtained is as small as possible (difference less than a predetermined threshold). Thus, one avoids recording a very large amount of seizures (such as, for a specific example, 700 seizures).
• the supervision circuit thus records only a small number of seizures ( as for a specific example, 12 entries). These recorded entries are possibly associated with interpolation information, allowing (during a replay) to optimally determine an approximation of all the seizures actually obtained (but the majority of which have not been recorded), on the base of the few entries (for example the 12 entries of the previous example) actually recorded.
• the interpolation approximation can, according to the predetermined threshold, not be distinguishable by a human eye from the real input.
• the volume of recorded entries and thus the size of the file can be reduced to a very large extent.
• the supervision circuit is arranged to replay, on request of the teaching computer, the educational content transmitted to the touch pad used by a given pupil of the list of pupils, and, simultaneously, the result of tactile input made on this touch pad.
• This replay can be done on the teaching computer, thus emulating the tablet. It can be done after class, when the teacher evaluates the work of the students or seeks to understand the difficulties of a student. The teacher sees what the student saw when he or she was confronted with the educational content, and how it interacted with that content, just as if it had filmed the student's tablet at the moment he was doing this exercise.
• the supervisory circuit may be part of the teaching computer or may be a separate entity (such as a separate server).
• the supervision circuit may be a DSP (acronym derived from the English Digital Signal Processor). It can also be a conventional processor (it can even be an existing processor of the teaching computer, such as its main processor), associated with a memory storing a program adapted for the implementation supervision. It may also be a dedicated electronic circuit, such as an ASIC or an FPGA, or even a completely customized electronic circuit, or a dedicated microcontroller. It can also be a combination of a tablet component and a component of the teaching computer or a separate server. According to another embodiment, the supervision circuit may comprise components in each of the tablets, these components being in charge of implementing the supervision of the tablet to which they are integrated, and offering a supervision interface to the computer. teaching (it can be for example a web interface accessible by a web browser of the teaching computer).
• Educational content is interactive content. It can include exercises, to which the student is supposed to respond, for example by clicking on the right answers among all those proposed to him, or by coloring a drawing, or by copying lines of writing according to instructions to using the stylus.
• the supervision circuit can be arranged to transmit to the teaching computer the educational content previously transmitted to the tablet as an executable file.
• the educational content may be content executed by the tablet itself, for example in the form of an HTML file containing JavaScript code processed by a web browser of the tablet, or a PDF file containing JavaScript code. The same content (rather than screenshots of the content) can be transmitted back to the teaching computer.
• the content can also be saved within a file directly executable by the tablet.
• the term "directly” means that it is not necessary to have the file opened by a suitable software in order to execute it, but on the contrary that file can be executed by the processor from the tablet without using any specific software, the file by contrast, if necessary (and at its discretion) call, when running, to a tablet operating system or specific software. In order to trigger the execution of the file, it is nevertheless possible to go through a graphical interface of a dedicated software or operating system of the tablet.
• This file can therefore be, for example, a file in PE (Portable Executable) format, often having a .EXE extension (the extension of a file designates the characters according to the last point included in the name file), suitable for a tablet equipped with a Microsoft Windows CE operating system. It may also be, in particular, a file in ELF format (the English "Executable and Linkable Format"), whose name is often devoid of extension (the file name is often devoid of point), suitable for a tablet equipped with a Linux operating system, or any other format appropriate to the type of tablet.
• PE Portable Executable
• ELF format the English "Executable and Linkable Format”
• the teaching computer can then execute this content and simulate the actions of the student from the recording of the entries.
• a software of the teaching computer can open a file (HTML, PDF or other) containing the educational content (which can be described as "content file"), originally opened by the tablet using a browser or any suitable software to open such a content file (the content file can be for example a simple text file not including executable code, which the student has viewed on the tablet with a publisher of text and that he has completed according to the instructions of the teacher using this text editor, for example through a virtual keyboard displayed on the screen, by clicking on the letters of his choice).
• the teaching computer can directly execute this content file if it is a directly executable file.
• the teaching computer can then transmit to this browser (or other software, or to the program resulting from the execution of the content file when this content file is a directly executable file) events simulating touch input, but in fact are artificially recreated from the file related to the student concerned.
• the content file and the student-related file can be two separate files.
• the file linked to the student can be duplicated (for example on the tablet and / or on other entities such as the teaching computer) and updated in parallel (each instance of the file being updated, for example synchronously, in real time, or on the contrary, by example at the end of the session).
• the file linked to the student is in fact a content file, which is modified by adding the student's entries (the entries being represented at least by their spatial and temporal coordinates).
• a content file may initially be present in the teaching computer (or elsewhere) and then transmitted to the tablet for display (the content file is then duplicated on two separate computers such as, for example, the tablet and the teaching computer), and then updated as the student enters the system (the system can update both versions of the content file or only one of them).
• the teacher can observe how the student concerned apprehended the exercise. In particular, he can judge not only the final result (for example the writing of letters and numbers) but also the method used to achieve this result. For example, he or she may realize that the student does not form the letters or numbers (or some of them only) in the order the teacher requests. For example, he / she may realize that the student forms the number 8 by first drawing a large circle at the bottom and then a smaller circle at the top, which is not in accordance with the method taught, even if the result final would be satisfactory.
• the teacher can also understand, for example, why a student is slow, or identify aspects of an exercise on which the student has been spending a lot of time or change many times his initial response before setting his final answer (right or wrong).
• the supervision circuit is also arranged to supervise a tablet in real time (in addition or alternatively to the recording of the student's session for a deferred viewing by the teacher).
• the supervision circuit can thus transmit the information entered to the teaching computer. So, the teacher can at any time control what a student is doing from the teaching computer without having to go to the student's table.
• the supervision circuit comprises a converter making it possible to transform the file linked to a given student (in combination with the educational content considered) into a video according to a current recording format, such as an MPEG4 format, DIVX , H264, WMV, or RealVideo.
• a current recording format such as an MPEG4 format, DIVX , H264, WMV, or RealVideo.
• the teaching computer can make it possible to transmit to pupils' parents the work of their children, without the parents needing any particular software or system capable of decoding the file related to a pupil.
• the video recording although more easily used by parents of students, undergoes if necessary a loss of quality related to video compression, and takes a very important place compared to the recording according to the invention.
• These videos may be recorded on a file server integrated with the teaching computer (it may also be material separated from the teaching computer hardware including the user interface used by the teacher, for example the teacher may have a laptop and the file server may be a separate physical server connected to this laptop, and forming in combination with him "the teaching computer").
• the supervisory circuit is arranged, when it records an insufficient number of tactile inputs relevant for a given wireless touch pad for a duration greater than a predetermined threshold, to notify this event of insufficient tactile input. relevant to the teaching computer.
• any tactile input is considered relevant.
• the supervision circuit notifies an event of insufficiency in the event of total absence of interaction of the pupil with the tablet (no touch input) when this absence exceeds a predetermined duration (for example two minutes).
• the supervision circuit notifies an insufficiency event when the number of tactile inputs (whatever they are, that is to say that any tactile input is considered a priori relevant) of the pupil with the tablet is less than a given value and when that number remains below this value for a duration exceeding a predetermined duration (for example, less than three tactile taps for five minutes).
• the supervision circuit is arranged to identify a certain number of tactile inputs as being irrelevant (not to be taken into account in the decision to notify an insufficiency event). For example, seizures on non-active screen areas may be considered irrelevant.
• a nonactive zone is a zone to which no action is associated (except for the detection of the input and the observation that no action is associated with it), the tactile input being equivalent from the point of view of the result produced at no entry.
• seizures to make adjustments can be considered irrelevant. For example, typing text, zooming, or changing the orientation of an image may be considered irrelevant.
• Each educational content may be associated with a particular set of types of input considered irrelevant in the context of that educational content.
• the supervisory circuit notifies the absence of relevant entries from the student (that is, the only entries possibly identified are excluded as being irrelevant) when this absence exceeds a predetermined duration. (for example five minutes).
• the supervisory circuit notifies that the number of relevant student inputs (i.e., excluding foreclosures considered irrelevant) for a predetermined duration is less than a predetermined value (for example less than fifteen relevant tactile seizures in ten minutes).
• This predetermined value may for example correspond to the number of average inputs necessary to perform an average exercise for a period of time, possibly minus a certain percentage. This possible minimization makes it possible not to report the students a little slow, which are eventually known, but to focus instead on those really do not work enough, and to remedy this lack of work.
• This embodiment is particularly applicable to exercises in which the number of student interactions with the tablet (number of tactile inputs) is expected to be distributed in a substantially linear fashion (for example, for short question series). and of homogeneous complexity).
• the teacher may realize that a student is not working or significantly too slowly, while perhaps being occupied by other students (eg unruly students) may have been missed.
• the notification by the supervision circuit can trigger the display, on a screen of the teaching computer, of a list of active tablets (if this list is not already displayed by default).
• Each active tablet can be associated with an icon. For example a green icon may indicate that the student is interacting regularly with his tablet.
• a yellow icon may indicate that the student has not captured any information (or any relevant information, or significantly less information or significantly less relevant information, depending on the configuration chosen) for a time greater than a certain threshold (for example one minute).
• a red icon may indicate that another threshold (for example, five minutes) is exceeded when the student has not captured any information (or any relevant information, or significantly less information, or significantly less relevant information). , depending on the configuration chosen).
• the supervisory circuit may send a message to the teaching computer (or trigger a software interrupt, or use any appropriate notification mode) to inform it of any threshold overflow on any of the tablets, and to update the display. It can trigger a particular sound that draws the attention of the teacher and the student each time a threshold is crossed. This sound can be broadcast on the student's tablet, on the computer teaching, or both. This option can be disabled to avoid, for example, stigmatizing a student.
• Tablets can be equipped with accelerometers to determine their position in the classroom. At least two accelerometers (one along a horizontal axis and one along another horizontal axis) are required. It may be advantageous to add an accelerometer along a vertical axis to also measure the height of the tablet (but it is not essential in general). Height awareness can help locate a temporarily misplaced shelf (for example, stowed by a person other than the teacher, such as a student or a housekeeper in the classroom, or by the teacher himself or herself but in a badly arranged cupboard for example). It is possible to use more accelerometers, it is possible to use six accelerometers to know the position more accurately. It is also possible to provide gyroscopes to know the orientation of each tablet, but it is not essential in this context (in general).
• the supervision circuit can thus display a list of pupils (sorted alphabetically, or according to another criterion, or unsorted), but also display a class plan corresponding to the actual position of the students (as communicated by the accelerometers of their class). tablet) in the classroom, which can be very convenient for the teacher. This can save him from having to create his class plan manually in the system. In addition, this reflects the actual situation, for example with unexpected changes of position of some students, for example to distance two students who argue or chat too often. This also allows automatic consideration of the creation of subgroups (differentiated pedagogy, or subgroups defined arbitrarily in the context of a particular exercise).
• the system can also be used for music or visual arts classes (or familiarization with literature, in the school library), or more generally not animated classes by the usual teacher of the class but by a specialized teacher (or a librarian, etc.), who may not know all the students (especially when they are in charge of a very large number of pupils), especially the most shy ones.
• these classes can take place in an environment different from the usual class (music room, art room, etc.), which can be equipped with its own electronic teaching assistance system.
• the system can also be used by a substitute teacher, not familiar with the students in the absent teacher's classroom.
• the system comprises a docking station arranged to accommodate the plurality of wireless tablets (when they are not used in class), and possibly to ensure the parallel charging of batteries tablets.
• This docking station can be arranged to reset the tablet accelerometers (and possibly reset their gyroscopes if they have them).
• the angular measurement given by a gyroscope, as well as the position given by an accelerometer are obtained by integration, which means that the errors accumulate and that the inaccuracy of the given measurements (angle or estimated position along a given axis ) increases with time.
• the gyroscopes and accelerometers are indeed initialized with their current attitude and position, then they update their position and their attitude by double integration of the acceleration they measure.
• the attitude designates, in three dimensions, the direction of three reference axes of an object relative to a reference trihedron. This update diverges after a certain time (due to small accumulated errors) and it may be necessary to give the accelerometers (respectively gyroscopes) their true position (respectively attitude). According to one embodiment, it is considered as a first approximation that when the tablets are in their docking station, they are located at the same position and attitude, and one resets all accelerometers (and gyroscopes, if they have) at a single position (eg position (0,0,0)) and a single and unique attitude (eg (0,0,0)).
• the imprecision on the measurement of the position of the tablets is of an order of magnitude similar to the maximum distance between the two tablet docking ports furthest from each other (within the docking station), or generally a distance that can be of the order of one meter.
• the tablets comprise gyroscopes, and where these gyroscopes are reset in the indicated manner, it is necessary that the docking station be arranged in such a way that the attitudes of the tablets inserted therein are substantially identical (any deviation introducing inaccuracy in determining tablet attitudes).
• the reset of each accelerometer of each tablet takes into account the port in which each tablet is inserted, which eliminates the inaccuracy due to the approximation according to the preceding paragraph.
• the position of each port, when a tablet is inserted and is in charge, is deemed fixed relative to the docking station.
• the docking station is arranged to know the position and attitude of each tablet in charge in a given port (identified for example by a port number or other identifier) with respect to the docking station. This position and attitude are defined when designing the docking station and are independent of the position and attitude of the docking station itself.
• the position and attitude of a tablet loaded by a port are known, it is possible to immediately deduce the position and attitude of the tablets in charge in all other ports.
• the relative positions of the tablets constitute sufficient information (their absolute positions would be potentially useful, but are not indispensable in general).
• the position of a tablet loaded by a port is entirely determined by the abscissa, the ordinate and the height of a reference point of the tablet, and the spatial orientation of the tablet is entirely determined by the angle of yaw, roll and pitch of the tablet. According to one embodiment, only the abscissa and the ordinate of the tablet are imported.
• the different ports of the docking station can be spaced vertically and in a horizontal plane. For example, there may be in the docking station thirty two fixed ports, all having the same attitude, distributed over four columns, two consecutive columns being each spaced horizontally 25cm from each other, two consecutive ports of the same column being spaced vertically 12cm. This is equivalent to saying that the docking station includes eight lines of four ports, vertically spaced from each other by 12cm.
• the resetting of the accelerometers of the tablets may comprise the fixing of the current abscissa of the accelerometers indicating the abscissa of the tablets to zero, the fixing of the current ordinate of the accelerometers indicating the ordinate of the tablets of the first column to zero, the fixing of the ordinate ordinate of the accelerometers indicating the ordinate of the tablets of the second column at 25cm, the fixing of the ordinate current of the accelerometers indicating the ordinate of the tablets of the third column with 50cm and the fixation of the ordinate current accelerometers indicating the ordinate of the tablets of the fourth column at 75cm.
• the docking station can reset the accelerometers of the thirty-two tablets in the manner indicated above, by fixing in addition the current height of the accelerometers indicating the height of the tablets of the first line to zero, that of the tablets of the second line at 12cm, and that of the tablets of the line number n, n being between 3 and 8, at (n-1) * 12cm.
• the teaching computer comprises a teacher's laptop, which can itself be loaded by the docking station and include accelerometers (and possibly gyroscopes). This laptop may be displayed in a different way from the tablets (for example, of a different color and a larger size), and help the teacher to find his way immediately on the classroom plan.
• the tablets comprise gyroscopes, for example a gyroscope according to each of the three axes of rotation.
• gyroscopes for example a gyroscope according to each of the three axes of rotation.
• the ports are inclined downwards to allow the tablets to slide to a stable position at the bottom of the port by gravity (for their load), it is possible to set the value of the pitch angle to the value of this angle of inclination of the ports (fixed by construction of the docking station), and let the angles of roll and yaw to zero.
• the docking station is organized differently, but the position and the attitude of each of the inserted tablets are as previously fixed with respect to those of the docking station.
• the docking station may include ports arranged along superimposed arcs. It is possible to record for each port the six parameters of the yaw, roll and pitch angles, as well as the three coordinates (which can correspond to those of the center of gravity of the tablet), for a tablet loaded in this port, in the repository of the docking station. The reset of the accelerometers and gyroscopes of each tablet is thus achieved by setting their values as being equal to the six parameters (three coordinates and three angles) associated with the port in which this tablet is loaded.
• the docking station is mobile (for example mounted on wheels).
• the teacher should be informed that all tablets should be stored at the same time in the station for the purpose of resetting their accelerometers and / or gyroscopes (and possibly storing and / or recharging the batteries), or at least the docking station should not be moved until the accelerometers and gyroscopes of all tablets have been reset (unless resetting them again) in the new position of the docking station).
• the reset is performed at least once a day (at the end of the day, the tablets are typically all rows and loaded). The reset can be automatic.
• the reset can be continuous until the tablet is out.
• the reset can be done every minute (or any specified time) as soon as the tablet is inserted into the docking station and until it is released.
• the reset can also be manual, by order of the teacher using the teaching computer.
• the docking station can itself be equipped with a set of accelerometers and gyroscopes allowing it to know its own position. It is useful for the docking station to have at least two accelerometers and at least one gyroscope.
• An accelerometer along the vertical axis is usually superfluous because the docking station is not generally intended to change altitude (to be raised or lowered) when it is in the classroom (unless the class includes a part more low or higher accessible at this docking station).
• the station comprises at least one gyroscope along the vertical axis.
• Gyroscopes along the other two axes representing pitch and roll are generally not relevant because the floor of the classrooms is generally flat and one can generally exclude any pitch or roll.
• some inertial units may offer gyroscopes by default in all possible axes and their use may be appropriate, even in cases where the measurements of two of the gyroscopes are not necessarily very relevant.
• gyroscopes for redundancy and / or to improve the quality of the angle measurement indicating the orientation of the docking station according to a vertical axis (yaw angle).
• the measurement of this angle is advantageous because the relative position of tablets is affected not only by a translation of the repository of the docking station, but also by a rotation of this frame according to the yaw angle.
• Such a docking station instead of (or in addition to) reset accelerometers (and possibly gyroscopes) tablets, synchronizes. That is, instead of copying the six fixed parameters associated with each port into the respective registers of the three accelerometers and three gyroscopes of the tablet inserted in that port, it uses these six parameters, but corrects them by taking account of the position and attitude of the station. It thus proceeds to a repository change from a repository of the station to a repository of the class. As mentioned above, it is possible to use less than six parameters, for example, it is possible to use only two parameters (abscissa and ordinate) in the tablet, and to update them using only three parameters of the station.
• the station can simultaneously synchronize and reset the accelerometers and gyroscopes of each tablet, providing two registers for each accelerometer and each gyroscope of each tablet.
• a series of registers thus makes it possible to know its position and its attitude in a repository of the docking station and another series to know them in a repository of the class.
• the teacher can only put the tablets to be loaded into the docking station in a non-simultaneous manner and regularly move the docking station, without this hindering the synchronization mechanism of the accelerometers and gyroscopes of the tablets.
• the displacement of the docking station is taken into account thanks to the change of reference.
• teachers should be instructed not to remove a tablet from the docking station while it is in motion, or failing to synchronize tablets continuously or with a very short refresh time.
• the one-minute delay proposed in a previous embodiment for resetting is too long to be transposed to synchronization in such circumstances, since in a few seconds the docking station may have moved substantially.
• the drift of the accelerometers and the gyroscopes of the docking station does not matter, since the drift is slow enough so that it is not significant over a period of time necessary to synchronize all the tablets.
• tablets are often used just after being taken out of the dock, and are in any case stored and recharged and thus synchronized once a day.
• the drift over the duration of a day of class (approximately eight hours in general - from 8:30 to 16:30), can be regarded as unimportant, and would be inflicted in the case where a tablet would have been out of the station at 8:30, and another at 4:29 pm, both being used during the last minute of class.
• the station implements synchronization continuously or at very short intervals (when the tablets are in the station) makes it possible to manage the problems of drifts without even the teacher being aware of the existence of such problems.
• the teacher can freely move the docking station at any time, and charge the tablets in a non-simultaneous manner, it being understood that the autonomy of each tablet requires it in any case to be recharged periodically, which allows therefore a periodic synchronization.
• a system for resetting accelerometers and gyroscopes of the docking station can nevertheless be provided to prevent their drift becomes so important that it creates for example undesirable edge effects.
• one accelerometer can drift faster than another, and after a while, indicate a value that can cause registry size overshoots, or rounding errors that introduce inaccuracies in position estimates.
• the measurements returned by this accelerometer will be within an interval of a few meters around ten kilometers.
• the classroom measures fifteen meters, and one seeks to obtain accurate measurements to about ten centimeters.
• the accelerometer will then return a position between about 10000.0m and 10015.0m, that is, the accuracy of the measurement of interest (an accuracy of 10cm) is approximately one hundred thousandth of the returned measurement. If we are trying to calculate a distance, we may have to measure the measure squarely, and the precision of the measure we are interested in then represents one ten billionth of the square of the returned measure, which may introduce errors in the measurement. rounded with a significant effect on accuracy. To remedy this risk, it is possible to work on very large registers allowing immunity against rounding errors, but this can be very restrictive and reduce performance, while complicating the portability of the software and its updates (in the case of a software implementation).
• the docking station can, as soon as it detects that all the tablets have been simultaneously inserted, reset its own accelerometers and gyroscopes to zero, and reset the accelerometers and possible gyroscopes of the tablets using the six values associated with each port (or according to any other embodiment of reinitialization previously described).
• This situation is not necessarily frequent, because a tablet can often be forgotten in a locker or under a table. However, it can be assumed that it occurs at least once a month, which may be sufficient.
• the docking station can, when it finds a significant drift of at least one of its accelerometers, or when no reset has been performed for a duration greater than a given threshold (for example a month, or any appropriate value), send a message to the teaching computer.
• a significant drift can be considered to be observed when the position given by an accelerometer gives a value clearly outside the classroom, for example a value greater than one hundred meters whereas the accelerometer has been initialized to zero. when he was installed in the classroom.
• the message sent to the teaching computer may display a window asking the teacher, as soon as he can (for example after class) to put all the tablets in the docking station in order to perform a reset complete accelerometers and gyroscopes of the station, and those of the tablets.
• the station waits for a number of tablets exceeding a certain threshold to be simultaneously present in the station. station (for example 85% of the tablets). This usually happens quite often (usually once a day, when tablets are placed after class). The station then resets the accelerometers and gyroscopes of all these tablets at the same time as it resets the accelerometers and gyroscopes of the docking station. This manipulation may have the effect of completely desynchronizing the tablets that are not in the docking station (this is not certain in the case where it is just the month or other delay that triggered the manipulation, because theoretically there may have been no significant drift, even if it is unlikely).
• the docking station marks these tablets as being desynchronized tablets, and notifies it to the teaching computer.
• the docking station is managed by the teaching computer, which are one and the same computer (no notification is then necessary).
• the teaching computer comprises a computer for the teacher and a physical server, and this physical server completely manages the docking station. In any case, the teaching computer can then group these desynchronized (or potentially out of sync) tablets.
• This group of tablets can be displayed separately on the screen.
• This subgroup can be displayed according to an order arbitrary, or in alphabetical order of the names of the students concerned.
• Desynchronized tablets can also be displayed separately according to their relative positions. Their relative positions can be determined based on the desynchronized (or potentially desynchronized) position information of their respective accelerometers and gyroscopes. Indeed, they are desynchronized or potentially desynchronized vis-à-vis the reset tablets, but between them, they are still in principle substantially synchronized.
• the teaching computer can specify to the teacher, by means of an indication on the screen, that the position of these few tablets is uncertain and that it would be desirable to resynchronize them by inserting them at least a few seconds in the docking station so that they can be displayed with the others. They are in any case destined to be resynchronized as soon as their battery is empty (since it will then be necessary to insert them into the docking station to charge them) or as soon as they are stored in the docking station (for example at the end of the day after classes, regardless of a battery charge requirement).
• the electronic teaching assistance system is arranged so that the educational content comprises a portion (at least) associated with a beacon indicating an expected touch interaction frequency.
• the predetermined threshold from which an alert is sent to the teaching computer in case of inaction is then a function of this tag.
• some exercises may require more reflection than inputs, such as reading a long text, before answering questions, while others may be exercises involving an immediate reaction, as in the case of mental calculation exercises.
• An educational content may correspond to a session during which the level of interactivity with the student fluctuates.
• a first part may be associated with a first expected interaction frequency
• a second part with a second expected interaction frequency, and thus as many parts as necessary can be provided.
• the expected interaction frequency is of the order of 0.33 Hz, that is to say that the pupil is supposed to answer a question every three seconds on average (obviously other values are possible, notably according to the age of the pupils).
• a first threshold (corresponding for example to the display of a yellow icon) may for example be set to a first duration (for example one minute) during which the average interaction frequency remains X times (for example five times) lower at the expected frequency.
• a second threshold (corresponding for example to a red icon) may for example be set to a second duration (for example five minutes) during which the average interaction frequency remains Y times (for example five times as well or possibly more, for example ten times) lower than the expected frequency.
• an electronic teaching assistance system comprises a teaching computer arranged to virtualise the environment of each wireless tablet (for example using a type 1 or 2 hypervisor) and manage the display of educational content on behalf of each wireless tablet (and on the screen of each wireless tablet), as well as the treatment of touch input made on this wireless tablet.
• Each tablet can access the virtualized environment via VNC (Virtual Network Computing English) which allows the screen offset and sending mouse entries (a stylus may be in some embodiments a mouse) , using the RFB protocol. It is also possible to use other protocols, such as ICA or RDP.
• the instructional computer may include a computer including a graphical interface (laptop or not) used by the teacher and a separate physical server in charge of particularizing the virtualization of tablets.
• the teaching computer is a personal computer (portable or not).
• the wireless tablets may have limited capabilities (essentially receive information to display, and send tactile input for processing by the teaching computer). All information entered by the tablets can be stored on the teaching computer (including its server if it has one).
• This server can include data redundancy mechanisms such as RAID disks to ensure their integrity, or a UPS-powered power supply, the integrity is thus greater than that provided by a conventional tablet.
• the computing power of such a server can also be significantly higher than the cumulative power of the tablets of the class and offer a better user comfort.
• the tablets can be completely trivialized, that is to say completely interchangeable. At any time a student can rest a defective or unloaded tablet, take another, be recognized by the identification circuit of the tablet, and continue his work where he had stopped to the extent that the work is virtualized in the server.
• FIG. 2 shows a method according to a particular embodiment. The method involves T1, T2 ... TN tablets, a PC laptop, an SRV server, and an SV supervision circuit.
• T1, T2 ... TN tablets are virtualized on the SRV server.
• the server SRV sends the tablets content (which may be different for each tablet).
• the tablets content (which may be different for each tablet).
• a student using one of the tablets makes a tactile input on his tablet. This input is transmitted during a step entered by the tablet to the server SRV.
• an electronic teaching assistance method is implemented using a system comprising
• a plurality of wireless touch tablets each comprising a user identification circuit
• a teaching computer storing a list of pupils, arranged to transmit to each wireless touch pad whose identified user is a student of the list an educational content
• the method comprises recording, by the supervisory circuit, tactile input made at the set of wireless touch tablets of which the identified user is a pupil of the list of students.
• the recording is performed in a file related to said student and comprising the spatial coordinates of the touch input considered and a time marker indicating the time of the touch input.
• the method comprises a replay, on request of the teaching computer, of the educational content transmitted to the touch pad used by a given pupil of the list of students, and simultaneously, the result of the tactile input made on this touch pad ( during the access to the educational content by the student).
• an electronic teaching assistance method comprises, when the supervision circuit records an insufficient number of tactile inputs relevant for a given wireless touch pad for a duration greater than a predetermined threshold, a notification, by the supervision circuit of this event of insufficiency of tactile seizures relevant to the teaching computer.
• the educational content includes a portion associated with a beacon indicating an expected touch interaction frequency, and said predetermined threshold is a function of this beacon.
• an electronic teaching assistance method comprises a teaching computer arranged to Virtualize the environment of each wireless tablet and manage the display of educational content on behalf of each wireless tablet, as well as the treatment of touch input made on this wireless tablet.
• a computer program comprises a series of instructions implementing the method according to one of the embodiments when these instructions are executed by one or more processor (s).
• This program can be written in assembly language, C language, Java language, C # language, or any other suitable language. The language may be different for a program part located in a tablet and for a part of the program located in the teaching computer or in the supervision circuit when it is separate.
• a non-transitory computer readable storage medium stores a program according to the preceding paragraph.
• the storage medium can be a rewritable memory (for example of the EEPROM or Flash type, or battery-backed RAM) or not (for example of the ROM type).
• This memory can be integrated into a tablet, either on its motherboard directly, or as a memory card (such as a microSD card or other).
• the storage medium may also be a hard disk type magnetic medium (possibly integrated within a teaching computer). The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above by way of example; it extends to other variants.
• the docking station comprising means for synchronizing the accelerometers (and possible gyroscopes) of the tablets can be implemented independently of other aspects of the invention.
• Alternative solutions to accelerometers are conceivable (for example a triangulation using transmitters arranged in the class and receivers installed in the tablets, this solution being less flexible to use and more complex to install, but may be more accurate and not substantially drifting).
• the method embodiments can be transposed to the systems, and vice versa.

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