Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
  • H01L31/052—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
  • H01L31/0521—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells using a gaseous or a liquid coolant, e.g. air flow ventilation, water circulation
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
  • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
  • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
  • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
  • H02S40/40—Thermal components
  • H02S40/42—Cooling means
  • H02S40/425—Cooling means using a gaseous or a liquid coolant, e.g. air flow ventilation, water circulation
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
  • Y02E10/541—CuInSe2 material PV cells
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T29/00—Metal working
  • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
  • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining

Definitions

• the invention relates to a photovoltaic module with a cooling device, a method for its production and its use.
• Photovoltaic modules can convert part of the solar radiation that hits them into electrical energy. It is known that the efficiency of this conversion depends crucially on the temperature of the photovoltaic modules. Optimum efficiencies are typically achieved in a temperature range of about 20 ° C to about 50 ° C. As a result of direct sunlight and the sometimes significant heat losses in the conversion of radiant energy into electrical energy, a photovoltaic module can be heated in operation to a temperature of up to 100 ° C. This significantly reduces the efficiency of generating electrical energy.
• An increase in the efficiency of a photovoltaic module can be achieved by cooling the photovoltaic module. Such cooling can be achieved for example by aeration of the back of the photovoltaic module. A much more effective cooling can be achieved by means of a liquid coolant.
• a photovoltaic module is known that is mounted on a filled with a liquid coolant metal vessel.
• the cooling of the photovoltaic module is achieved by the release of heat to the coolant and the circulation of the coolant within the metal vessel.
• the cooling effect is limited because no active cooling of the coolant is provided.
• Such a solution also has a lot of space.
• a photovoltaic module is known, on the rear side of which a cooling device is arranged.
• the cooling device comprises a base plate and a cooling plate.
• a cooling tube is attached, through which a liquid coolant is pumped.
• the production of the photovoltaic module is complicated due to the many elements of the cooling device.
• the object of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic module with an improved cooling device that is simple and inexpensive to manufacture, has a small footprint and allows for effective cooling of the photovoltaic module.
• the photovoltaic module with cooling device comprises at least the following features:
• At least two contact surfaces are formed on the surface of the structural plate, which are separated by the channel and over which the structural plate is connected to the back of the rear pane, and
• the channel is at least partially filled with a liquid coolant.
• the front pane is the pane of the photovoltaic module facing the light incidence.
• Rear window is the disc facing away from the light incident.
• the front window and the rear window each have a front side and a rear side.
• the front side refers to the side facing the light. With back side the side facing away from light is called.
• the rear side of the front pane and the front side of the rear pane face each other and are interconnected by an intermediate layer by lamination.
• the structural sheet according to the invention is formed with at least one extending between a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet channel. Through the channel is on a first surface of the structural sheet a recess and on a opposite second surface of the structural sheet formed a corresponding survey.
• the first surface of the structural sheet has at least two contact surfaces, which are arranged in a common plane plane. The two contact surfaces are separated by the channel and adjoin the channel.
• the structural panel is connected via the contact surfaces with the rear of the rear window.
• a conduit for a liquid coolant is formed.
• the channel extends between a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet, which are openings of the conduit. Through these openings, the channel with a coolant flow and a coolant return can be connected. The coolant can thus be passed through the channel and the absorbed heat outside the photovoltaic module by appropriate means again.
• the channel is preferably formed by forming in the structural plate and forms a depression on the wall facing the back plate surface of the structural plate and a projection on the side facing away from the rear pane surface of the structural plate.
• the structural panel provides an easy to manufacture, inexpensive and effective cooling device.
• the structural plate provides an interface for attaching the photovoltaic module at the site and causes a gain or stiffening of the photovoltaic module. The attachment of additional reinforcing elements is thus not required, if such a gain is desired, for example, in a photovoltaic module with small thicknesses of the front pane and the rear window.
• the structural sheet preferably has a thickness of 0.1 mm to 3.0 mm, particularly preferably 0.3 mm to 0.8 mm. This is particularly advantageous with regard to a simple introduction of the channel according to the invention into the structural panel, the stability and the reinforcing effect of the structural panel.
• the structural sheet preferably has a constant thickness. With the thickness of the structural sheet material thickness is referred to in the context of the invention.
• the structural sheet may in principle be made of any suitable metal or alloy.
• the structural sheet preferably contains at least steel and / or Aluminum. This is particularly advantageous in terms of cost-effective production and the stability of the structural sheet.
• the channel according to the invention in the structural panel preferably has a depth of 0.5 mm to 20 mm, particularly preferably 2 mm to 10 mm. This is particularly advantageous in terms of the cooling effect and a small footprint of the structural sheet.
• the depth of the channel is determined in a cross-section perpendicular to the propagation direction of the channel.
• the depth of the channel in the context of the invention is then the maximum vertical distance of the back plate facing surface of the structural plate in the region of the channel of the plane in which the contact surfaces are arranged.
• the depth of the channel is preferably constant along the propagation direction of the channel.
• the channel preferably has a width of 2 mm to 50 mm, particularly preferably 5 mm to 20 mm. This is particularly advantageous with regard to the cooling effect and the stable connection between structural plate and rear window.
• the width of the channel is referred to in the sense of the invention, the width of the channel in the plane in which the contact surfaces are arranged.
• the profile of the channel in cross-section perpendicular to the propagation direction of the channel according to the invention is not limited to a specific shape.
• the profile of the channel may have, for example, the shape of a rectangle, a triangle, a circle segment, an ellipse segment or a trapezoid.
• Profiles that become narrower as the distance to the backplate, for example triangles, trapezoids, circle segments or elliptical segments may be preferred because they lead to a larger contact surface of the coolant to the rear disc with the same amount of coolant than, for example, a rectangular profile.
• the channel preferably extends meandering over the structural plate.
• the channel particularly preferably has mutually parallel sections, which are connected to one another by loop-like sections. Adjacent parallel sections of the channel preferably have a distance of 5 mm to 100 mm from each other. This results in particularly good cooling results.
• the channel is preferably completely filled with the coolant. For a particularly advantageous cooling effect is achieved.
• the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet are preferably arranged on at least one side edge of the structural panel. This is particularly advantageous with regard to a simple production of the structural sheet according to the invention, because the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet can be provided during the introduction of the channel without further process steps such as drilling.
• the line for the cooling liquid then has two openings at at least one side edge of the structural plate, which can be connected to a coolant flow and a coolant return.
• Such a lateral connection is much more space-saving on site than a connection on the back of the structural sheet, because the photovoltaic module with a smaller distance to the ground, such as a building roof, can be arranged.
• the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet may be arranged on the same or on two different side edges of the structural panel.
• the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet are arranged on two opposite side edges of the structural plate.
• the connection of the channel with a coolant flow and a coolant return is then particularly simple and space-saving, because the coolant flow and the coolant return can be arranged on opposite sides of the photovoltaic module.
• several photovoltaic modules according to the invention can simply be connected in parallel with the same coolant feed and the same coolant return.
• the channel is preferably introduced by forming a plan in the initial state sheet in the structural sheet, for example by deep drawing or embossing.
• connection between the contact surfaces of the structural plate and the rear pane is preferably effected by means of an adhesive.
• the adhesive must be suitable for providing a dense and chemically and mechanically stable connection between the structural sheet and the rear pane relative to the coolant. Suitable adhesives are, for example, polyurethane adhesives.
• the contact surfaces are preferably formed on the entire surface of the structural plate facing the rear pane, minus the region of the channel, and completely covered with the adhesive. This advantageously a particularly stable connection between the structural plate and rear window is achieved.
• one or more fastening elements are arranged on the surface facing away from the back plate surface of the structural plate.
• the photovoltaic module can be attached to the site, for example, on a frame.
• the attachment takes place for example by screwing, clamping, gluing the fasteners and / or by inserting the fasteners into a rail.
• the fastening elements are preferably arranged in the edge region of the structural sheet.
• the structural sheet according to the invention advantageously provides an interface for fastening the photovoltaic module at the place of use by means of the fastening elements.
• the fastening elements may, for example, have an angle-like cross-section, with a planar partial region formed parallel to the rear side of the rear pane projecting beyond the side edges of the photovoltaic module.
• the fastening elements can be attached, for example by welding, soldering or gluing on the structural sheet.
• the fastening elements may be integrally formed with the structural sheet, wherein side edges or protruding portions of the side edges of the plan in the initial state sheet to be bent into a fastener.
• any suitable cooling liquid known to those skilled in the art with sufficient heat conductivity can be used as the coolant.
• the coolant may contain, for example, at least water or a water-glycol mixture.
• the coolant may also contain additives, oils or gases.
• the front pane preferably contains a non-prestressed, partially prestressed or tempered or a hardened, for example a thermally or chemically hardened glass.
• the front pane preferably contains soda-lime glass, low-iron soda-lime glass or borosilicate glass. This is particularly advantageous in terms of the stability of the photovoltaic module, the protection of the photovoltaic layer system from mechanical damage and the transmission of sunlight through the front pane.
• the rear pane contains in an advantageous embodiment, a non-prestressed, teilvorgespanntes or toughened or a hardened, for example, a thermally or chemically tempered glass.
• the rear pane preferably contains soda-lime glass, low-iron soda-lime glass or borosilicate glass.
• the rear pane can also contain, for example, a plastic, for example polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate and / or mixtures thereof, a glass-fiber-reinforced plastic, a metal or a metal alloy, for example stainless steel.
• a plastic for example polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate and / or mixtures thereof, a glass-fiber-reinforced plastic, a metal or a metal alloy, for example stainless steel.
• the front disk and the rear disk preferably each have a thickness of 0.1 mm to 10 mm, for example from 1, 5 mm to 5 mm.
• the front pane and / or the rear pane have very small thicknesses.
• the front pane and / or the rear pane preferably have a thickness of 1 mm to 6 mm, particularly preferably 2 mm to 4 mm.
• Such photovoltaic modules have an advantageously low weight.
• the cooling device according to the invention is particularly advantageous for photovoltaic modules with small pane thicknesses, because reinforcement and stiffening of the photovoltaic modules is achieved by the structural sheet according to the invention, so that no additional reinforcement elements have to be applied.
• the area of the front pane and the rear pane can be from 100 cm 2 to 18 m 2 , preferably from 0.5 m 2 to 3 m 2 .
• the front and rear wheels can be flat or curved.
• the photovoltaic layer system effects the charge carrier separation required for the conversion of radiant energy into electrical energy.
• the photovoltaic layer system preferably comprises at least one photovoltaically active absorber layer between a front electrode layer and a back electrode layer.
• the front electrode layer is arranged on the side facing the incidence of light absorber layer.
• the back electrode layer is arranged on the side facing away from the light incident side of the absorber layer.
• the photovoltaically active absorber layer according to the invention is not limited to a specific type.
• the absorber layer may contain, for example, monocrystalline, polycrystalline, micromorphous or amorphous silicon, semiconducting organic polymers or oligomers, cadmium telluride (CdTe), gallium arsenide (GaAs) or cadmium selenide (CdSe).
• CdTe cadmium telluride
• GaAs gallium arsenide
• CdSe cadmium selenide
• the absorber layer contains a p-type chalcopyrite semiconductor such as a compound of the group copper indium sulfur / selenium (CIS), for example copper indium diselenide (CulnSe 2 ), or a compound of the group copper indium Gallium sulfur / selenium (CIGS), for example Cu (InGa) (SSe) 2 .
• CIS group copper indium sulfur / selenium
• CIGS copper indium Gallium sulfur / selenium
• Photovoltaic modules with CI (G) S-based absorber layers have a particularly high temperature coefficient, ie a particularly large reduction in the efficiency with increasing temperature. The temperature coefficient of performance is approximately in the range of -0.35% / ° C to -0.5% / ° C.
• the temperature dependence of the efficiency is thus much more pronounced than, for example, in the case of photovoltaic modules with an absorber layer based on amorphous silicon (approximately from -0.18% / [deg.] C. to -0.23% / [deg.] C.) or cadmium telluride (approximately from 0.18% / ° C to -0.25% / ° C).
• amorphous silicon approximately from -0.18% / [deg.] C. to -0.23% / [deg.] C.
• cadmium telluride approximately from 0.18% / ° C to -0.25% / ° C.
• the absorber layer contains polycrystalline silicon.
• a photovoltaic module with such an absorber layer has a high temperature coefficient in the range of -0.32% / ° C to -0.51% / ° C.
• photovoltaic modules based on monocrystalline silicon have a high temperature coefficient in the range from -0.32% / ° C to -0.51% / ° C.
• the efficiency can be increased particularly advantageous.
• the given values for the temperature coefficients are taken from the following publication: Volker Quaschning, Regenerative Energy Systems, Carl Hanser Verlag 2009, p. 190 (ISBN 978-3446421516).
• the absorber layer preferably has a layer thickness of 500 nm to 5 ⁇ m, more preferably from 1 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m.
• the absorber layer can be doped with metals, preferably sodium.
• the photovoltaic layer system can be applied to the front side of the rear pane (substrate configuration).
• the photovoltaic layer system may alternatively be applied to the back of the front pane (superstrate configuration).
• the substrate configuration and the superstrate configuration are common in thin film photovoltaic modules.
• the photovoltaic layer system can also be arranged between a first and a second film of the intermediate layer, as is customary in particular with photovoltaic modules with a crystalline absorber layer.
• the photovoltaic layer system is then arranged according to the invention in the intermediate layer.
• the photovoltaic module according to the invention has the substrate configuration.
• a particularly effective cooling of the photovoltaic structure is achieved by the structural sheet according to the invention on the back of the rear window.
• the back electrode layer may contain, for example, at least one metal, preferably molybdenum, titanium, tungsten, nickel, titanium, chromium and / or tantalum.
• the back electrode layer preferably has a layer thickness of 300 nm to 600 nm.
• the back electrode layer may comprise a layer stack of different individual layers.
• the layer stack contains a diffusion barrier layer of, for example, silicon nitride in order to prevent diffusion of, for example, sodium from the substrate into the photovoltaically active absorber layer.
• the front electrode layer is transparent in the spectral region in which the absorber layer is sensitive.
• the front electrode layer may contain, for example, an n-type semiconductor, preferably aluminum-doped zinc oxide or indium-tin oxide.
• the front electrode layer preferably has a layer thickness of 500 nm to 2 ⁇ m.
• the electrode layers may also contain silver, gold, copper, nickel, chromium, tungsten, tin oxide, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride and / or combinations and mixtures thereof.
• the photovoltaic layer system preferably has a peripheral distance to the outer edges of the photovoltaic module of 5 mm to 20 mm, particularly preferably from 10 mm to 15 mm, in order to be protected against ingress of moisture or shading by fasteners on the edge.
• the rear side of the front pane is connected via at least one intermediate layer to the front side of the rear pane.
• the connection between the front screen and rear window is made over a large area via the photovoltaic layer system.
• the intermediate layer preferably contains thermoplastic materials, such as polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and / or ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) or several layers thereof, preferably with thicknesses of 0.3 mm to 0.9 mm.
• the intermediate layer may also include polyurethane (PU), polypropylene (PP), polyacrylate, polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetate resin, casting resins, acrylates, fluorinated ethylene-propylenes, polyvinyl fluoride, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene, copolymers and / or mixtures thereof.
• PU polyurethane
• PP polypropylene
• PE polyacrylate
• PE polyethylene
• PC polycarbonate
• polymethylmethacrylate polyvinyl chloride
• polyacetate resin casting resins
• acrylates fluorinated ethylene-propylenes
• polyvinyl fluoride polyvinyl fluoride
• ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymers and / or mixtures thereof.
• the front electrode layer and the back electrode layer are electrically contacted by elements known per se, for example by bus bars and foil conductors.
• the foil conductors can be guided out of the photovoltaic module, for example, laterally in the region of the intermediate layer or through at least one hole in the rear pane in the region of the contact surfaces of the structure sheet.
• the front pane and / or the rear pane may comprise per se known coatings, for example antireflection layers, non-stick layers, anti-scratch layers and / or diffusion barrier layers.
• the photovoltaic module may include other known per se elements, such as fasteners, frames and / or fittings.
• the photovoltaic module according to the invention is preferably operated within an arrangement.
• the arrangement according to the invention for cooling a photovoltaic module comprises at least the following features:
• At least one photovoltaic module according to the invention a coolant supply, which is connected to the coolant inlet of the structural plate of the photovoltaic module,
• a coolant cooling with at least one coolant inlet and at least one coolant outlet, wherein the coolant inlet of the coolant cooling is connected to the coolant return and the coolant outlet of the coolant cooling is connected to the coolant flow , and
• the conduit formed by the channel in the structural panel and the back of the rear disc, the coolant flow, the coolant cooling and the coolant return form a closed coolant circuit.
• the coolant heated in the area of the photovoltaic module is supplied via the coolant return to the coolant cooling, where the coolant gives off heat and is cooled to a lower temperature.
• the cooled coolant is introduced via the coolant supply back into the channel of the structural sheet. Coolant cooling achieves a particularly effective cooling effect for the photovoltaic module.
• the coolant flow and the coolant return can be configured, for example, as pipes and / or hose lines.
• the connection between the channel of the structural plate and the coolant flow or the coolant return can be done for example via a connecting piece such as a connecting tube that is adhesively bonded, screwed, welded or soldered to the structural sheet.
• a connecting piece such as a connecting tube that is adhesively bonded, screwed, welded or soldered to the structural sheet.
• suitable sealing means may be used for sealing the connection between the channel and the coolant flow or the coolant return.
• the arrangement for cooling a photovoltaic module further comprises a pump which is suitable for pumping the coolant through the closed coolant circuit.
• the circulation of the coolant in the coolant circuit is actively achieved by means of the pump, which leads to a particularly advantageous cooling effect.
• the circulation of the coolant may alternatively but also with appropriate positioning of Coolant flow, coolant return, coolant cooling and photovoltaic module are achieved by the convection caused by the heated coolant.
• the coolant cooling is formed in an advantageous embodiment as LDIRECTkühlung. This is particularly advantageous in terms of a simple, space-saving and cost-effective production of the arrangement and a low maintenance intensity of the arrangement.
• the coolant cooling preferably comprises at least one pipe, which runs between the coolant flow and the coolant return.
• the tube preferably has a high thermal conductivity and contains, for example, at least copper, aluminum, steel or other suitable materials.
• the tube can run straight or, for example, looped or meandering from the coolant return to the coolant flow. It can also be connected in parallel with the coolant flow and the coolant return multiple pipes.
• the coolant cooling can also be realized for example by a heat exchanger with a secondary coolant circuit.
• a plurality of photovoltaic modules for example, from 2 to 40 photovoltaic modules, connected to the coolant flow and the coolant return.
• the cooling of the plurality of photovoltaic modules is advantageously achieved by the same coolant circuit.
• a particularly advantageous cooling is achieved when the plurality of photovoltaic modules are connected in parallel with the coolant flow and the coolant return.
• the plurality of photovoltaic modules can in principle, however, also be connected in series with the coolant flow and the coolant return.
• the coolant circuit may contain further elements that appear appropriate to the person skilled in the art, such as shut-off valves, valves, for example a venting valve, or closable openings for filling and replacement of the coolant.
• the object of the invention is further achieved by a method for producing a photovoltaic module according to the invention, wherein at least
• the structural panel is connected to at least two contact surfaces, which are separated by the channel from each other, with the back of the rear window and (C) the channel is at least partially filled with a liquid coolant.
• the channel is preferably formed by forming in a plan in the initial state structural sheet, for example by deep drawing or embossing.
• the photovoltaic layer system is applied to the front of the rear pane or to the back of the front pane or inserted into the intermediate layer. Thereafter, the front side of the rear pane is connected to the back of the front pane via the intermediate layer under the action of heat, vacuum and / or pressure, for example by autoclave method, vacuum bag method, vacuum ring method, calender method, vacuum laminators or combinations thereof.
• the individual layers of the photovoltaic layer system are preferably applied by cathode sputtering, vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
• the insertion of the photovoltaic layer system into the intermediate layer comprises arranging the photovoltaic layer system between a first and a second layer of the intermediate layer.
• the provision of the laminated composite of stacked rear pane, photovoltaic layer system and front pane and the introduction of the channel in the structural plate can be done in any order in time.
• the joining of the structural sheet with the rear pane takes place in time after the provision of the laminated composite of superimposed rear pane, photovoltaic layer system and front pane.
• the joining of structural plate and back plate is preferably carried out by gluing.
• the back and / or the front electrode layer for electrical contacting after the application of the photovoltaic layer system and before the connection of the front screen and the rear window are electrically conductively connected to, for example, a film conductor.
• the electrically conductive connection is effected for example by welding, bonding, soldering, clamping or gluing with an electrically conductive adhesive.
• the connection of foil conductor with the back and / or the front electrode layer can also take place via a bus bar.
• the method may comprise further steps known per se, for example subdividing the photovoltaic layer system into individual photovoltaically active regions (so-called solar cells) by cutting into individual layers or individual groups of layers of the layer system or producing a coating-free edge region.
• steps known per se for example subdividing the photovoltaic layer system into individual photovoltaically active regions (so-called solar cells) by cutting into individual layers or individual groups of layers of the layer system or producing a coating-free edge region.
• a coolant flow and the coolant inlet of the structural plate and a coolant return connected to the coolant outlet of the structural plate in time between the method steps (b) and (c), a coolant flow and the coolant inlet of the structural plate and a coolant return connected to the coolant outlet of the structural plate.
• the coolant flow is also connected to a coolant outlet of a coolant cooling and the coolant return is connected to a coolant inlet of the coolant cooling.
• the channel, the coolant flow, the coolant return and the coolant cooling are then at least partially filled with the liquid coolant, for example via closable openings.
• a further aspect of the invention comprises the use of a photovoltaic module with cooling device according to the invention on a roof of a building or a vehicle for locomotion by water, on land or in the air, on a building facade or on open fields.
• the invention also includes the use of a structural panel according to the invention on the back of the rear pane of a photovoltaic module for cooling the photovoltaic layer system, preferably to a temperature of 20 ° C to 50 ° C.
• FIG. 1 is a plan view of the side facing away from the light incident side of a photovoltaic module according to the invention with cooling device
• FIG. 3 shows a section along B-B 'through the photovoltaic module according to FIG. 1,
• Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of an arrangement according to the invention for cooling a photovoltaic module
• Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of the method according to the invention with reference to a flow chart.
• Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 2a and Fig. 3 each show a detail of a photovoltaic module 100 according to the invention with cooling device.
• the photovoltaic module 100 includes a front disk 1 having a front side (I) and a back side (II) and a rear disk 2 having a front side (III) and a back side (IV).
• the front side (I) of the front pane 1 is turned towards the incidence of light.
• On the front side (III) of the rear disk 2, a photovoltaic layer system 3 is applied.
• the rear side (II) and the front side (III) are connected to each other over a large area via the photovoltaic layer system 3 by means of an intermediate layer 4.
• the front pane 1, the rear pane 2, the photovoltaic layer system 3 and the intermediate layer 4 form a laminated composite 101.
• the front pane 1 is transparent to sunlight and consists of tempered, extra-white, low-iron glass.
• the rear window 2 is made of soda lime glass.
• the front disk 1 and the rear disk 2 have a thickness of 2.85 mm.
• the photovoltaic module 100 has a size of 1, 6 m x 0.7 m.
• the intermediate layer 4 contains polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and has a layer thickness of 0.76 mm.
• the photovoltaic module 100 is a substrate configuration CIS thin film photovoltaic module.
• the photovoltaic layer system 3 comprises a rear electrode layer 10 which is arranged on the front side (III) of the rear pane 2 and contains molybdenum and has a layer thickness of approximately 300 nm.
• the photovoltaic layer system 3 further comprises a photovoltaically active absorber layer 1 1, which contains sodium-doped Cu (InGa) (SSe) 2 and has a layer thickness of about 2 ⁇ .
• the photovoltaic layer system 3 further includes a front electrode layer 12 containing aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) and having a layer thickness of about 1 ⁇ .
• AZO aluminum-doped zinc oxide
• a buffer layer 13 which contains a single layer of cadmium sulfide (CdS) and a single layer of intrinsic zinc oxide (i-ZnO).
• the buffer layer effects an electronic matching between absorber layer 1 1 and front electrode layer 12.
• the photovoltaic layer system 3 is subdivided into individual photovoltaically active regions, so-called solar cells, which are serialized over a region of the back electrode layer 10 using methods known per se for the production of a thin-film photovoltaic module interconnected with each other.
• the photovoltaic layer system 3 is mechanically abraded in the edge region of the back plate 2 with a width of 15 mm.
• the front electrode layer 12 and the back electrode layer 10 are electrically contacted via film conductors, not shown, in a conventional manner.
• a structural plate 5 is arranged on the back (IV) of the rear disk 2.
• the structural plate 5 is made of steel and has a thickness of 0.8 mm.
• a channel 6 is introduced by deep drawing.
• a coolant inlet 19 and a coolant outlet 20 are formed through the channel 6.
• the channel 6 meanders between the coolant inlet 19 and the coolant outlet 20.
• the channel 6 is straight, parallel to one another arranged portions, wherein adjacent straight sections are connected by loop-like sections.
• the width b of the channel 6 is shown very large for better illustration. In a real embodiment, the channel 6, for example, a width b of 20 mm and correspondingly a significantly larger number of meandering turns. Adjacent straight portions of the channel 6, for example, have a distance of 20 mm from each other.
• the contact surfaces 7, 7 are arranged in a plane plane.
• the structural plate 5 is connected via the contact surfaces 7, T to the rear side (IV) of the back plate 2 by means of an adhesive 18.
• a coolant line (L) is formed, which is filled with a liquid coolant, not shown in the drawing.
• the adhesive 18, which is a polyurethane adhesive a permanently stable and against the coolant-tight connection between the structural plate 5 and Rear disc 2 provided.
• the coolant inlet 19 and the coolant outlet 20 provide openings of the conduit (L), which are provided for connection of a coolant flow and a coolant return within a cooling circuit.
• the channel 6 has the shape of a trapezoid in cross-section perpendicular to its propagation direction. Only in the region of the side edges of the cross-section is designed around to be connected to the coolant flow and return easier.
• the channel 6 has a depth t of 5 mm.
• fastening elements 8 are welded.
• the fastening elements 8 are made of steel and have an angle-like profile, wherein a region of each fastening element 8 projects beyond the side edges of the photovoltaic module 100.
• the photovoltaic module 100 can be mounted on a frame, for example by screwing or insertion into a carrier rail.
• a simple and inexpensive to manufacture and space-saving line (L) is provided for a liquid coolant.
• the temperature of the photovoltaic layer system 3 can be kept in operation in a range of about 20 ° C to 50 ° C. This significantly increases the efficiency of the conversion of radiant energy into electrical energy. Such cooling is especially advantageous in CIS thin-film photovoltaic modules due to their high temperature coefficient.
• the lateral openings of the line formed by the structural plate 5 allow the connection of a coolant flow and a coolant return in the region of the side edges of the photovoltaic module 100. Such a lateral connection is much more space-saving at the site than a connection on the back of the structural plate.
• the structural plate 5 because the photovoltaic module 100 can be arranged with a smaller distance to the ground, for example a building roof.
• the structural plate 5 also leads to a reinforcement and stiffening of the photovoltaic module 100, which is advantageous due to the small thickness of the front pane 1 and the rear pane 2. Additional reinforcing elements are not necessary.
• the structural plate 5 through the fasteners 8 is the interface for mounting the photovoltaic module 100 in the field.
• the channel 6 of the structural plate 5 of each photovoltaic module 100 is connected to a coolant feed 14 via the coolant inlet 19.
• the channel 6 of the structural plate 5 of each photovoltaic module 100 is connected to a coolant return 15 via the coolant outlet 20.
• the photovoltaic modules 100 are connected in parallel with the coolant flow 14 and the coolant return line 15, so that the coolant between the coolant flow 14 and coolant return 15 only passes through a photovoltaic module 100.
• the coolant flow 14 and the coolant return 15 are formed as tubes made of steel.
• the connection between the channel 6 and the coolant inlet 19 or the coolant outlet 20 takes place in each case via a connecting piece 9.
• Each connecting piece 9 comprises two short metal tubes and a hose arranged between the metal tubes and clamped to the metal tubes.
• a metal tube is welded to the structural plate 5 in the region of the coolant inlet 19 (or of the coolant outlet 20), the other metal tube is connected to the coolant flow 14 (or the coolant return 15), for example screwed by means of threads.
• the arrangement further comprises a pump 16, which is arranged between two sections of the coolant flow 14.
• the coolant flow 14 and the coolant return 15 are connected to each other away from the photovoltaic modules 100 via a coolant cooling 17.
• the coolant cooling 17 is an air cooling and comprises four steel tubes 23 which run parallel between the coolant flow 14 and the coolant return 15.
• Each tube 23 of the coolant cooling 17 has a coolant inlet 21 and a coolant outlet 22, wherein the coolant inlet 21 is connected to the coolant return 15 and the coolant outlet 22 is connected to the coolant flow 14, for example screwed by threads.
• the coolant circuit is filled, for example with water as a coolant.
• the coolant is pumped by the pump 16 through the coolant loop.
• the coolant takes heat from the Photovoltaic modules 100 and thereby leads to a decrease in temperature of the photovoltaic layer systems 3.
• the heated coolant releases the heat through the coolant cooling 17 to the ambient air.
• the temperature of the photovoltaic layer systems 3 can thus be kept permanently in a range of 20 ° C to 50 ° C.
• Fig. 5 shows an example of the inventive method for producing a photovoltaic module with cooling device.
• Coolant flow (15) Coolant return

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• 2013
  • 2013-03-07 JP JP2015502180A patent/JP5992600B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2013-03-07 US US14/371,172 patent/US20150020866A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2013-03-07 CN CN201380018322.2A patent/CN104205622A/zh not_active Withdrawn
  • 2013-03-07 EP EP13708145.1A patent/EP2831924A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2013-03-07 KR KR1020147026926A patent/KR101768298B1/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 2013-03-07 WO PCT/EP2013/054578 patent/WO2013143821A1/de active Application Filing

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