EP2831165A2 - Composite et corps en matière plastique - Google Patents
Composite et corps en matière plastiqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP2831165A2 EP2831165A2 EP13721417.7A EP13721417A EP2831165A2 EP 2831165 A2 EP2831165 A2 EP 2831165A2 EP 13721417 A EP13721417 A EP 13721417A EP 2831165 A2 EP2831165 A2 EP 2831165A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- composite
- particle size
- average particle
- micron
- coconut shell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001342 Bakelite® Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004637 bakelite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001175 rotational moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006750 UV protection Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010420 shell particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011155 wood-plastic composite Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001587 Wood-plastic composite Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001565 benzotriazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010327 methods by industry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006223 plastic coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007666 vacuum forming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/04—Ingredients treated with organic substances
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composite comprising a plastic base material and a filler of coconut shell powder (CSP).
- CSP coconut shell powder
- a filler in a plastic base material is known in the prior art for thereby developing a new composite which has improved material properties compared to the plastic base material.
- An example of a suitable filler is the use of a natural filler. This provides the significant advantage that less plastic is required due to the use of the natural filler, and the resulting composite can therefore be utilized in ecologically more responsible manner.
- Known examples of natural fillers are limestone, glass and wood fibres. These known fillers have the drawback that the final composite is usually highly hygroscopic, has a reduced strength, hardness and flexibility, has a greatly increased density and withstands local force effects less well.
- a known example of a natural filler having improved properties relative to these materials is coconut shell powder.
- the hard coconut shells have been, and still are, processed in the coconut industry mainly as organic waste.
- the alternative use of coconut shells ground to powder as filler in a composite is therefore useful and economically advantageous.
- Coconut shell powder has therefore already been applied for some time as filler in composite.
- the present invention therefore has for its object, among others, to provide a composite which obviates these drawbacks.
- a composite of the type stated in the preamble has the feature according to the invention that the coconut shell powder has an average particle size of a maximum of 60 micron and is present in a quantity of 30-70% by weight. It has been found that the material properties of the composite depend particularly on an average particle size (median grain size) of the coconut shell powder as well as the quantity thereof in the final composite. At an average particle size up to a maximum of 60 micron the filler can still be processed, with a good mixing in the base material, in both single-screw and double-screw extrusion and injection moulding processes as well as in roto-moulding, and a body can thus be manufactured in practically simple manner from the composite. This moreover reacts exceptionally well with stabilizers and other additives such as melt flow index (MFI) or melt flow rate (MFR) optimizers which form an important factor in the processability of the composite.
- MFI melt flow index
- MFR melt flow rate
- the quantity of 30-70% by weight of the filler makes the composite significantly less hygroscopic and provides the composite with a good UV-resistance and an advantageously lower density, particularly compared to fillers of mineral nature.
- breaking of the body of the composite is more likely to occur when force is applied, while with a lower quantity of filler there is a rapid decrease in the stiffness and strength of the composite.
- a preferred embodiment of a composite according to the present invention has the feature that the coconut shell powder has an average particle size greater than 50 micron. With an average particle size greater than 50 micron the final composite will certainly retain excellent mechanical properties, even after being reused a number of times, and it remains thermally stable up to a minimum of 210°C.
- a suitable average particle size of the coconut shell powder does however depend on, among other factors, a wall thickness of a final product formed from the composite. If the composite is applied in a product with a wall thickness of less than an order of magnitude of 2-3 millimetres, the composite preferably comprises coconut shell powder with an average particle size of 10-40 micron. Owing to this relatively small average particle size in combination with the relatively high degree of filling of 30-70% by weight the product has a relatively high impact resistance. Products with a relatively thin wall of 2-3 millimetres or thinner can hereby be manufactured with a desired strength. When applied in a product with a greater wall thickness, the composite preferably comprises coconut shell powder with an average particle size of 40-60 micron.
- a composite according to the present invention is thus characterized in a particular embodiment in that a quantity of coconut shell powder present and an average particle size thereof are adapted to each other.
- a composite according to the present invention is thus characterized in a preferred embodiment thereof in that the coconut shell powder has an average particle size of 60 micron and is present in a quantity of 70% by weight.
- the resulting composite not only comprises for the greater part the natural filler, so that it is relatively environmentally-friendly, but also displays optimized material properties such as a high strength and stiffness, greatly reduced hygroscopic properties, i.e. the composite absorbs substantially no moisture, fire-retardant properties and high insulating properties.
- a product manufactured from the composite also exhibits significantly reduced shrinkage following manufacture thereof, so that the composite is highly suitable for manufacture of objects of a specific and/or precise size and form.
- the average particle size, or median grain size, of the coconut shell powder is the most important factor for the favourable properties of the composite, for further improved properties it is also important that the coconut shell powder has a substantially uniform grain size.
- the coconut shell powder is preferably thus produced from coconut shells such that it consists substantially, i.e. for more than 50%, of particles having a particle size varying by a maximum of 10 micron from the desired average particle size.
- the composite according to the present invention can comprise as base material any polymer suitable for a desired application, but in a further preferred embodiment comprises a plastic base material chosen from a group comprising polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, bakelite, polyamide, polystyrene, polyurethane, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and thermoplastic elastomer (TPE).
- plastic base material chosen from a group comprising polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, bakelite, polyamide, polystyrene, polyurethane, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and thermoplastic elastomer (TPE).
- ABS acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- TPE thermoplastic
- the composite according to the present invention can consist wholly of the base material and filler, preferably with a weight ratio of 1 : 2, in a preferred embodiment the composite according to the present invention further comprises at least an additive.
- a melt flow index (MFI) optimization additive By applying a melt flow index (MFI) optimization additive the resulting composite can be processed with known production processes such as extrusion/vacuum forming, injection moulding and roto-moulding.
- a dye can for instance also be added to give the final composite a colour suitable for the desired application.
- the composite according to the present invention is suitable for diverse applications but, particularly because of its properties, can be readily used in outdoor products and automotive products or as construction element, and thus finds a good application as natural composite (wood plastic composite (WPC) plank, plate body, fencing part, garden shed part, furniture, door/window frames, doors or other construction parts. It will however be apparent that the composite is advantageous in all manner of plastic bodies, so that the present invention also relates to a plastic body comprising a composite according to the invention.
- WPC wood plastic composite
- a plastic body having a wall with a thickness greater than an order of magnitude of 2 to 3 mm particularly comprises a composite according to the invention with an average particle size of about 40-60 micron, and a plastic body having a wall with a thickness smaller than an order of magnitude of 2 to 3 mm comprises a composite according to the invention with an average particle size of about 10-40 micron.
- coconut shells are ground to a powder consisting of particles with an average grain size of about 10-40 micron.
- the powder is screened or filtered once or a number of times in order to filter out of the powder particles of greatly varying grain size, so that the powder consists substantially, i.e. for at least 50%, of particles with a grain size in a range of 20-35 micron.
- This fine powder of ground coconut shells is mixed as filler with a base material of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) in order to manufacture a composite which imparts a high form- retention to the plate body and which displays exceptionally little shrinkage.
- the plate body can hereby be applied extremely well as automotive product, for instance for the manufacture of a vehicle bumper or other plate component of a vehicle, wherein accurate shapes and/or dimensions of the product are usually required.
- the filler is applied in a quantity of 40% by weight in the composite. Owing to the relatively small average grain size of the powder the natural properties of the coconut shell particles become clearly manifest, so that for many applications the addition of additional additives is not necessary. Owing to the relatively small average grain size the filler can moreover be processed with good mixing into the base material, wherein single-screw and double-screw extrusion and injection moulding processes as well as roto-moulding can be applied.
- Example II
- coconut shells are ground to particles with an average grain size of about 40-60 micron.
- the powder is screened or filtered once or a number of times in order to filter out of the powder particles of greatly varying grain size, so that the powder consists substantially, i.e. for at least 50%, of particles with a grain size in a range of 45-55 micron.
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- the filler is applied in a quantity of 60% by weight in the composite.
- the hygroscopic properties of the material are hereby also low, so that a product manufactured from the composite does not absorb moisture, or hardly so.
- the relatively high degree of filling of the coconut shell particles in the composite also results in improved fire-retardant properties and makes the composite better UV-resistant.
- the lightweight composite is hereby highly suitable for the manufacture of for instance door/window frames.
- additional additives can optionally be further added to the composite.
- UV- tabilizers such as benzotriazoles can for instance thus be added so as to still further improve a light-resistance, and in particular UV-resistance, of the product.
- Other stabilizers such as non-toxic calcium or zinc salts can also be added in order to prevent decomposition of the composite during processing thereof.
- Dyes can further be added as desired in order to make the product aesthetically more attractive or better suitable.
- Example III For the manufacture of a composite outdoor product, such as a fencing part or top liner or bed liner of a vehicle, with a wall thickness greater than 3 millimetres, coconut shells are ground to particles with an average grain size of about 60 micron.
- the powder In order to optimize the coconut shell powder the powder is screened or filtered once or a number of times in order to filter out of the powder particles of greatly varying grain size, so that the powder consists substantially, i.e. for at least 50%, of particles with a grain size in a range of 55-65 micron.
- the particles are subsequently pretreated with a plastic coating product such as a polyethylene wax.
- These particles of ground coconut shells are mixed as filler with a base material of high-density polyethylene (HDPE).
- HDPE high-density polyethylene
- the filler is applied in a quantity of 70% by weight in the composite.
- the resulting composite has very minimal hygroscopic properties and so does not absorb moisture, or hardly so, this particularly enhancing the durability of an outdoor product such as a fencing part.
- this composite not only largely comprises the natural filler, so that it is relatively environmentally-friendly, but due to the specific adaptation of the quantity of filler in correlation with the average grain size, the composite also displays optimized material properties such as a high strength and stiffness, fire-retardant properties and high insulating properties.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL2008570A NL2008570C2 (nl) | 2012-03-30 | 2012-03-30 | Composiet en kunststof lichaam. |
PCT/NL2013/050238 WO2013147609A2 (fr) | 2012-03-30 | 2013-03-29 | Composite et corps en matière plastique |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2831165A2 true EP2831165A2 (fr) | 2015-02-04 |
Family
ID=48326377
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13721417.7A Withdrawn EP2831165A2 (fr) | 2012-03-30 | 2013-03-29 | Composite et corps en matière plastique |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2831165A2 (fr) |
NL (1) | NL2008570C2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2013147609A2 (fr) |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4107383A (en) * | 1976-02-24 | 1978-08-15 | Reid Brian C | Electric cable insulating compositions containing coconut shell flour filler |
WO2002007953A1 (fr) * | 2000-07-26 | 2002-01-31 | Giesen, Heinz | Procede de fabrication d'articles moules a base de plastique |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6582819B2 (en) * | 1998-07-22 | 2003-06-24 | Borden Chemical, Inc. | Low density composite proppant, filtration media, gravel packing media, and sports field media, and methods for making and using same |
-
2012
- 2012-03-30 NL NL2008570A patent/NL2008570C2/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2013
- 2013-03-29 EP EP13721417.7A patent/EP2831165A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-03-29 WO PCT/NL2013/050238 patent/WO2013147609A2/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4107383A (en) * | 1976-02-24 | 1978-08-15 | Reid Brian C | Electric cable insulating compositions containing coconut shell flour filler |
WO2002007953A1 (fr) * | 2000-07-26 | 2002-01-31 | Giesen, Heinz | Procede de fabrication d'articles moules a base de plastique |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2013147609A2 (fr) | 2013-10-03 |
NL2008570C2 (nl) | 2013-10-01 |
WO2013147609A3 (fr) | 2013-12-05 |
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Legal Events
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