EP2826915A1 - Toile d'égouttage et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Toile d'égouttage et son procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2826915A1
EP2826915A1 EP14002434.0A EP14002434A EP2826915A1 EP 2826915 A1 EP2826915 A1 EP 2826915A1 EP 14002434 A EP14002434 A EP 14002434A EP 2826915 A1 EP2826915 A1 EP 2826915A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
watermark
screen
insert
watermark insert
perforation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14002434.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hans Peter Arledter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Portals Paper Ltd
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Arledter Hans Peter
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Arledter Hans Peter filed Critical Arledter Hans Peter
Publication of EP2826915A1 publication Critical patent/EP2826915A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/44—Watermarking devices
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/0027—Screen-cloths

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a dewatering screen for the production of paper with multi-level watermark, with a carrier screen, which has a multi-level relief in the form of the watermark to be generated in partial areas.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing such a dewatering screen.
  • the real watermark is an important security element to protect against unauthorized reproduction.
  • the quality of the presentation in terms of detail of the image and the variety of presentation options represents an important prerequisite for the future acceptance of the security feature.
  • the relief of the desired watermark is placed several times on the circumference and in the transverse direction ( Fig. 1 ), so that the paper produced with this dewatering screen has a corresponding multiplicity of watermarks in its entire production length.
  • the watermark is also already positioned in the finished paper so that it is in the further processing of the paper, for example, a security document or a banknote, at the designated Place in the final product ( Fig. 2 ).
  • the paper pulp is solidified so far that it can be removed as a moist paper web from the dewatering screen.
  • the web is further dewatered in the press, dried and smoothed at the end of the machine and rolled up as dry paper.
  • multi-level watermark Depending on the quality of the watermark in terms of its light-dark form, a distinction is made between the two-level watermark with a strong light-dark effect and multi-level (shaded) watermarks with smooth transitions between light and dark.
  • the shaded (multilevel) watermark is the most advanced form of true watermark and is used primarily in pictorial representations. Due to the light or dark gradations pictorial representations with high "depth effect" can be generated.
  • the term “multi-level” or “shaded” is to be understood in contrast to two-stage light-dark watermark and includes all watermarks with more than two brightness levels and includes in particular watermarks with continuous light-dark transitions.
  • Shaded (multi-level) watermarks are nowadays mainly produced on slow-speed round screening machines, whereas two-level watermarks are preferably produced on long-screen machines with dandy cutter.
  • the watermark relief on the dandy screen is correspondingly fine, it is also possible to produce simple shaded (multilevel) watermarks in the paper.
  • metal wires or metal moldings are soldered onto the dewatering screen (watermark round screen or watermark dicer) to seal the screen structure at these locations to obtain sharply demarcated two-level watermarks.
  • dewatering screen watermark round screen or watermark dicer
  • perforated metal moldings is also used today to create two-step watermarks with dark pixel dots on a light background (Pixel Watermark / Trademark).
  • the multilevel watermark screen on the other hand, today is primarily produced by embossing a three-dimensional relief in the screen surface by means of an embossing stamp or embossing plate.
  • the sieve material used are metallic sieves made of bronze, stainless steel, copper or other copper alloys.
  • the embossing tool consists of an elaborate metal mold with a negative and a positive relief.
  • the drainage screen is placed between these two metallic plates. By firmly pressing the molds are transferred into the sieve.
  • the embossing process can only image and depict fine structures of an image to a limited extent in the watermark relief. This limitation results from the minimum possible embossing radii of the relatively thick screen. Thus, the resolution of the image representation in the watermark are also limited. In addition, the drainage resistance in the embossed area can not be specifically influenced, apart from the costly and limited influence of soldering on perforated moldings.
  • the present invention seeks to provide a dewatering screen of the type mentioned, which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • the dewatering screen should allow the production of paper with multi-level watermark high detail accuracy with less tooling and high speed.
  • Dewatering screens with watermark relief produced in this manner should also be able to be used directly on the dewatering screen of long-screen paper machines (ie without dandy cutter), on oblique screen paper machines and short formers, in addition to the known applications on the dandy line of fourdrinier machines.
  • dewatering screen having the features of the independent claims.
  • a watermark insert which is produced by means of 3D printing or a method belonging to rapid prototyping and a method for producing a paper with multistage watermark are specified and are subject matter of the subclaims.
  • a significant advantage over the prior art is that neither an embossing tool nor an injection mold for producing the watermark relief are required.
  • the basis of the invention is to convert a previously created on the computer three-dimensional CAD drawing, which is a solid model, by means of 3D printing or belonging to rapid prototyping method in a watermark insert.
  • This "printed" 3D watermark relief replaces the embossed relief or other process used today.
  • a solid model is created that allows watermark inserts including the drainage perforation and defined contact surfaces to be made with the wire.
  • 3D printing is generally used because this is the most commonly used generic term for rapid prototyping.
  • CAD data is converted directly into a workpiece (here watermark insert), without manual detours or expensive forms.
  • the object is built up layer by layer from informal or form neutral material.
  • the basic idea behind this tool-less production is to generatively build an object from individual layers. Layer by layer, the shapeless material is solidified. The individual layers are connected with each other and gradually form the finished object.
  • plastics, synthetic resins, metals or ceramics can be used.
  • stereolithographic rapid prototyping methods have been found to be particularly suitable. These methods use liquid plastics (photopolymer) for the layered construction of the watermark relief. With this method, the required fine drainage structures can be formed. Furthermore, the light-curing plastics (UV light, or laser light) with respect to their material properties to the requirements of Suiebmaterials and the conditions of use in paper production in terms of stiffness, wear resistance and the non-positive connection to the support beam customizable.
  • the Relief is done in a bath, which is filled with the base monomers of the photosensitive (photosensitive) plastic.
  • the relief is built in the bath layer by layer either on the support or independent of the support.
  • the relief insert is produced analogously from a photopolymer.
  • the material is applied layer by layer via a printhead (similar to an inkjet printer).
  • a light source ensures exposure and thus curing of the polymers.
  • This system often works with a wax as a support material, which is liquefied by heating. Both materials are applied simultaneously in layers.
  • the multi-level relief is formed by means of 3D printing / rapid prototyping.
  • the use according to the invention of 3D printing or of a method belonging to rapid prototyping permits the production of multi-level watermark inserts with extremely detailed relief images and without additional embossing or casting molds. With a correspondingly high print resolution, the drainage perforation of the watermark insert can also be produced in the same operation.
  • the watermark insert with the relief structure including the required perforation in one Operation made (printed).
  • the watermark relief is printed directly on the dewatering screen ( Fig. 5a to Fig. 5d ).
  • the plastic or metal sieve must be designed or prepared in such a way that a firm connection between the printed material and the sieve surface occurs. Roughening or the use of adhesion primer are mentioned here by way of example. But it is also possible to choose the nature of the materials to be joined (sieve and watermark insert) so that the pressure enters into a firm connection with the sieve without additional aids.
  • the watermark insert is produced independently of the screen and, in a further working step, welded to the carrier screen, fused, glued, positively connected or connected by means of mechanical connection (eg grid connection) ( Fig. 4a to 4d ).
  • the watermark insert can be arranged in a cut-out region of the carrier screen and connected to it only in the edge region. It may be advantageous to scan the screen surface in the vicinity of the cut-out screen and / or the cut contour and to take this into account in the production of the insert in the 3D CAD models.
  • the watermark insert be introduced lowered compared to the general screening level. This can be done, for example, by embossing the screen ( Fig.4b, 4d . 5b, 5d and 6c ) can be achieved. It is also possible to print the watermark insert with the sieve cut out without a deeper sieve edge so that the maximum height of the watermark relief essentially corresponds to the sieve level ( Figure 6b ).
  • the pressure edge 12 can also be designed in the transition between sieve and watermark insert according to different criteria with respect to wear, drainage perforation ( Fig. 5a, 5b, 5c . 6c ). If the sieve is also cut out in the area of the depression so that only one lower edge remains in the sieve, the watermark insert is only connected to it ( Fig. 5d . 6c ).
  • the circumference of the printing edge 12, whether with low material thickness ( Fig. 6b ) or filling the recessed edge area of the cut-out screen ( Fig. 4d . 5d ), depending on the operating conditions of the watermark screen are possible options.
  • the watermark insert preferably has a plurality of perforations (pores, bores, channels) or a material structure-related porosity, which ensure drainage during sheet formation.
  • the open area may also be different in different areas of the relief and is typically between 10% and 90% open area, preferably 15% and 75%, more preferably between 25% and 40%.
  • the diameter of the perforation on the design side usually ranges from 0.15 mm to 1.3 mm, preferably from 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm, particularly preferably from 0.2 to 0.4 mm.
  • the perforation openings taper towards the uppermost design surface of the watermark insert.
  • the perforations produced during printing they can be designed in any shape, for. B. circular, star-shaped, oval, slit-shaped, etc.
  • the perforation can be designed for this purpose in the Z-direction such that it extends from a circular opening in the design surface, for example, cone-shaped to a polygon at the bottom ( Fig. 7a and b).
  • the webs formed between the individual through holes are best suited as a connecting surface to the support.
  • the targeted design of the conical enlargement which is only possible in 3-D printing / rapid prototyping, allows the pressure loss in the perforation openings to be influenced in a targeted manner. This is a prerequisite for the application on the closed screen surface, d. H. without cut out sieve surface. The manufacturing cost of the screen compared to the design with cut-out support screen is again lower.
  • the dimensions of the perforations can also be chosen so large (0.7 mm to 1.2 mm) that they are visually recognizable in the finished paper as dark marks, preferably marking points. In this case, it is advisable to arrange the perforations and thus the resulting markings in the form of characters, patterns or a coding.
  • the perforation does not occur during the printing process, it will be retrofitted introduced in a separate operation using laser beam, drill, plasma cutting, water jet cutting, etc.
  • the watermark relief may already be connected to the screen or the operation is performed outside in a position independent of the screen.
  • the perforations are preferably generated by means of a laser beam, in particular by means of an infrared laser, such as a CO 2 laser.
  • a laser beam in particular by means of an infrared laser, such as a CO 2 laser.
  • the watermark insert is acted upon by its side facing away from the design surface back with laser radiation, so that there are tapered perforations to the design surface of the watermark insert.
  • the transition from watermark insert to carrier screen in the finished paper can be laminated by the design of the drainage perforation.
  • the lamination is in the shape of the desired light-dark transition.
  • the invention also includes the process variants described below in accordance with claims 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 for producing a dewatering screen for papermaking with multi-level watermarks.
  • the support screen can be recessed in the region of the watermark insert and / or cut, whereby the insert is connected only at the edge with this.
  • the invention further includes a watermark insert for a dewatering screen of the type described, wherein the watermark insert is a 3D printed / rapid prototyped perforated insert having a multi-level relief in the form of the watermark to be formed.
  • Fig. 2 shows a representation of a banknote 15, the multi-level watermark 16 high detail sharpness in the form of an in Fig. 2 contains only suggested portraits.
  • the production of banknotes with such detail-sharp multilevel watermarks is carried out according to the invention using one of the dewatering screens described below with watermark inserts generated on the 3D printer.
  • Fig. 1 shows how the Enticassungssieb (support wire) 11 is mounted, for example, on a cylinder mold 10 through which the dehydration takes place and the initialized paper web is formed with the watermark.
  • the watermark motif is located as a watermark insert 13 on the screen of the cylinder.
  • the relief of the desired watermark is placed multiple times on the circumference and in the transverse direction, thus, the paper produced with this dewatering screen has a corresponding plurality of watermarks in its entire production length.
  • the watermark is also already positioned in the finished paper in such a way that it is located at the designated place in the end product during the further processing of the paper, for example to a security document or a banknote ( Fig. 2 ).
  • the resulting watermark insert 13 which in Fig. 3a in supervision and in Fig. 3b is shown in cross-section, shows a very detailed illustration of the predefined as 3-D volume model CAD image motif.
  • Fig. 4a the watermark insert is connected to a sieve.
  • FIG. 4b The insert is placed in a sieve recess.
  • Fig. 4c and 4d show corresponding variants with cut-out strainer.
  • the watermark inserts are produced directly on the screen by means of 3D printing or a method belonging to rapid prototyping and connected thereto.
  • the procedure for producing the watermark inserts is already described in the above-mentioned further variants of the method.
  • Fig. 5a the watermark insert is "printed" on a flat screen.
  • Fig. 5b the insert is printed in a screen recess.
  • Fig. 5c and 5d show corresponding variants with cut-out strainer.
  • the 3D printing / rapid prototyping allows the production of extremely detailed relief representations in the watermark inserts 13.
  • the design surface 14 is shown with a shape in the figures, of course, with appropriate design of the CAD model, the back 15 a shape accordingly have a scanned surface, so that, for example, a watermark insert with the surface structure of the support screen or a use of certain material thickness arises
  • the generation of the perforation of the watermark inserts in the "print” is possible only in conjunction with correspondingly high-resolution 3D printing, since the diameter of the perforation on the design surface about 0.1 mm to 0.7 mm, preferably 0.2 mm to 0.7 mm.
  • the diameter as well as the hole spacing can vary within a relief. Due to the resulting different free surface shading in the watermark is specifically influenced.
  • the in cross section ( Fig. 6a, 6b, 6c ) drainage perforations 20 are, for example, designed such that their diameters taper from the screen support surface (underside) to the design surface. In this way it is ensured that the drainage resistance, which results from sieve and watermark insert, is not unduly increased. In this way, a sufficient drainage performance even when applying the insert on a sieve surface, as in the example Fig. 6a and Fig. 6c represented, guaranteed. It is also conceivable to provide the screen in partial areas with openings.
  • the perforation can also, as in Fig. 7a and b be designed such that the perforation openings in the design surface, for example, are round and widen conically to a polygon.
  • the webs 30 formed between the individual through holes are best suited as a contact surface to the screen. This applies both in the case of the watermark insert printed on the screen, as well as for the insert welded to the screen, fused, glued, positively connected or by means of a mechanical connection (eg grid connection).
  • a mechanical connection eg grid connection
  • the dewatering perforations are advantageously drilled with a laser beam, for example the beam of a CO 2 laser.
  • the focus diameter of the laser corresponds to the desired maximum perforation diameter and is for example 500 microns.
  • the laser irradiation is preferably carried out from the back of the watermark insert 13, so that due to the energy distribution or the heat of the laser beam to the front side surface 14 of the insert tapered perforations 20 arise, as in Fig. 6 (b) shown.
  • the design options of the through holes are compared to the 3-D pressure, however, very limited.
  • the perforation in areas with a high local material thickness, can be dispensed with, at least in part, so that in these areas, in principle, only little or no dehydration takes place, and only very few or no paper fibers are deposited. In these areas, a two-level watermark or a hole is thus created in the paper.
  • the non-perforated areas with high Material thickness act like electric types in this case. With such an application, detailed watermarks can be combined with two-level watermarks.
  • the diameter of the perforations on the back 15 of the watermark insert is between 0.2 mm and 1.8 mm.
  • the diameter at the design surface 14 is dependent on the local material thickness of the insert for laser drilled perforations because of the tapering of the perforations.
  • the perforation diameter d at the design surface 14 in regions of greater material thickness 17 is smaller than in regions of low material thickness 18.
  • the perforation diameters of laser drilled passage perforations on the design surface 14 are between 150 .mu.m with high material thickness and 350 .mu.m with low material thickness.
  • the diameter corresponds to the design specification and is variable within wide ranges.
  • the perforations 20 tapering towards the design surface offer two advantages over straight perforations: On the one hand, they create a freewheel in the direction of flow of the fiber suspension in papermaking and thus effectively prevent a permanent clogging of the drainage perforations.
  • the areas of high material thickness 17 serve to produce thin areas in the paper. Since the smaller perforation diameters in these areas inhibit drainage more than in the low gauge areas 18, thinning in the areas is further assisted by the tapered perforations.
  • the distance of the perforations depends on the desired dewatering effect and is for example about 500 microns.
  • the perforation diameter can also be chosen so large that they are recognizable after paper production in paper in addition to the watermark as a dark marker points.
  • the hole diameter for producing dark marking points is preferably at least 300 ⁇ m.
  • the perforations and thus the marking points can also be arranged in a predetermined pattern.
  • the perforations that result in dark spots in the paper may be arranged in a pattern that can be seen, for example, as a score within the pictorial representation.
  • the screen fabric may be a metal fabric, in particular a bronze fabric, a metal-plastic mixed fabric, in particular a bronze-plastic mixed fabric or a pure plastic fabric.
  • the watermark insert 13 is permeable to perforations by means of a laser beam only at those points at which a perforation of the insert 13 coincides with an open position in the screen 11, since the bronze screen itself is separated from the screen CO 2 laser is not perforated, another advantage to "print" the perforation.
  • the watermark height h which in the embodiment of FIGS Fig. 6a about 1.0 mm.
  • the watermark insert 13 can be lowered so far that its maximum height h just corresponds to the screen level.
  • this reduction leads to watermarks, which at a consistently high contrast to the design of the Fig. 3b or Fig. 6a have a slightly darker visual appearance.
  • a further variant is shown to introduce a watermark insert (13) in a dewatering screen.
  • the support screen is integrated in this case in a Entskyssansssiebverbund.
  • This consists of the fine-mesh sieve (11), a cut-out intermediate sieve (31) and a support sieve (32).
  • the fine strainer is also cut out and provided with a deep embossing in the edge area.
  • the watermark insert also has a circumferential raster connection (33) on the underside. This can be carried out in one or more stages and optionally also be supported by gluing.
  • the insert may have nubs (34) at the bottom which correspond to the screening of the support screen structure and thus engage in the screen interstices of the support screen. These nubs have the same perforation holes with the same perforation structure like the watermark insert. Thus, a sufficient drainage performance is guaranteed in the nubs.
  • the watermark insert can be welded to the support screen via the knobs, fused, glued, positively connected or connected by means of a mechanical connection (eg grid connection). These pimples also prevent a shifting of the watermark insert.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 Based on FIGS. 9 and 10 a preferred embodiment of the invention will be described. It creates a solid model that makes it possible to make watermark inserts, including the drainage perforation and defined contact surfaces with the wire.
  • the starting point for making a watermark insert is a solid model constructed in CAD.
  • the image of the watermark to be generated is generated as a "grayscale model" with fine light-dark shades.
  • the gray levels are then translated into height nodes for the volume model and determine the thickness of the solid model at the appropriate locations. This procedure corresponds to the current procedure for the production of embossing dies or injection molds.
  • the volume model still fulfills the following two requirements.
  • the perforations required for drainage are part of the solid model and are included in the CAD.
  • the complex surface 91 is represented by a corrugated surface.
  • the thickness C of the volume element is limited by a flat surface on the underside and said corrugated surface on the upper side.
  • This illustration also shows the perforation.
  • These are tapered through-pores 92, which taper to the surface of the watermark insert.
  • the mean cone diameters are of the order of about 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm. Depending on where the tips of the cones are cut by the corrugated surface contour, resulting in larger or smaller through holes.
  • all cones are the same in terms of height and base diameter. Variants with polygonal cones or with cones of different heights or different base areas are possible. This results in the possibility of varying the open area at the top of the watermark insert in the entirety or locally.
  • watermark inserts are produced by injection molding and subsequently perforated by means of laser.
  • the perforation is not a constructional element in terms of its shape.
  • the resulting passage perforations essentially depend on the power of the laser used and can therefore be influenced only to a limited extent in terms of their shape.
  • the introduction of the watermark element in the Siebober materials takes place without consideration of the Siebober construction.
  • the anchoring of the watermark insert is done arbitrarily by the flow of the liquefied material in the screen structure. According to the invention, these disadvantages are avoided.

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EP14002434.0A 2013-07-18 2014-07-15 Toile d'égouttage et son procédé de fabrication Withdrawn EP2826915A1 (fr)

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DE102013012007 2013-07-18

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Cited By (12)

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CN105507053A (zh) * 2016-01-21 2016-04-20 成都印钞有限公司 一种滤水网衬垫图案物的网笼
GB2532082A (en) * 2014-11-10 2016-05-11 De La Rue Int Ltd Improvements in watermarking
GB2532079A (en) * 2014-11-10 2016-05-11 De La Rue Int Ltd Improvements in watermarking
GB2532081A (en) * 2014-11-10 2016-05-11 De La Rue Int Ltd Improvements in watermarking
GB2533264A (en) * 2014-11-10 2016-06-22 De La Rue Int Ltd Improvements in watermarking
GB2534645A (en) * 2014-11-10 2016-08-03 De La Rue Int Ltd Improvements in watermarking
WO2018072879A1 (fr) * 2016-10-19 2018-04-26 Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh Ensemble et procédé permettant d'équiper un tamis d'égouttage d'inserts de filigranage perforés
WO2018157086A1 (fr) * 2017-02-27 2018-08-30 Crane & Co., Inc. Papier comprenant un ou plusieurs filigranes multi-tons ayant une tonalité complète, et un outil de création de filigrane amélioré pour fabriquer un tel papier
EP3399097A1 (fr) * 2014-11-10 2018-11-07 Portals De La Rue Limited Améliorations en matière de filigranage
US10632780B2 (en) * 2014-11-10 2020-04-28 Portals De La Rue Limited Watermarking
US10843500B2 (en) 2017-09-11 2020-11-24 Crane & Co., Inc. Watermark sheet, apparatus, and document, and methods for providing the same
IT201900014103A1 (it) * 2019-08-06 2021-02-06 Fedrigoni Spa Metodo e apparato per la produzione di carta filigranata.

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DE102023104447A1 (de) 2023-02-23 2024-08-29 Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh Sicherheitspapier mit papierversteifendem Wasserzeichen und überlappendem Sicherheitselement

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WO2009141134A1 (fr) * 2008-05-20 2009-11-26 Hans Grossmann Tamis d'égouttage pour cylindre aspirant d'une machine de fabrication de papier, pour la production de papier à filigrane
WO2011117828A1 (fr) * 2010-03-24 2011-09-29 Arjowiggins Security Feuille comprenant un filigrane multiton, procede de fabrication d'une piece pour la formation d ' un filigrane multiton, piece pour la formation d ' un filigrane multiton et utilisation de ladite piece pour la formation d ' un filigrane multiton

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WO2004045834A1 (fr) * 2002-11-21 2004-06-03 Voith Fabrics Patent Gmbh Ensemble toile tomographique a trois dimensions
DE102006058513A1 (de) 2006-12-12 2008-06-19 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Entwässerungssieb und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
WO2009141134A1 (fr) * 2008-05-20 2009-11-26 Hans Grossmann Tamis d'égouttage pour cylindre aspirant d'une machine de fabrication de papier, pour la production de papier à filigrane
WO2011117828A1 (fr) * 2010-03-24 2011-09-29 Arjowiggins Security Feuille comprenant un filigrane multiton, procede de fabrication d'une piece pour la formation d ' un filigrane multiton, piece pour la formation d ' un filigrane multiton et utilisation de ladite piece pour la formation d ' un filigrane multiton

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2532081B (en) * 2014-11-10 2017-09-13 De La Rue Int Ltd Improvements in watermarking
GB2534645A (en) * 2014-11-10 2016-08-03 De La Rue Int Ltd Improvements in watermarking
GB2532079A (en) * 2014-11-10 2016-05-11 De La Rue Int Ltd Improvements in watermarking
GB2532081A (en) * 2014-11-10 2016-05-11 De La Rue Int Ltd Improvements in watermarking
US10632780B2 (en) * 2014-11-10 2020-04-28 Portals De La Rue Limited Watermarking
GB2533264A (en) * 2014-11-10 2016-06-22 De La Rue Int Ltd Improvements in watermarking
GB2532082A (en) * 2014-11-10 2016-05-11 De La Rue Int Ltd Improvements in watermarking
GB2532079B (en) * 2014-11-10 2017-07-26 De La Rue Int Ltd Improvements in watermarking
WO2016075444A1 (fr) * 2014-11-10 2016-05-19 De La Rue International Limited Élément de formation de filigrane
GB2532082B (en) * 2014-11-10 2017-09-13 De La Rue Int Ltd Improvements in watermarking
EP3399096A1 (fr) * 2014-11-10 2018-11-07 Portals De La Rue Limited Améliorations en matière de filigranage
GB2534645B (en) * 2014-11-10 2018-08-01 Portals De La Rue Ltd Improvements in watermarking
EP3399097A1 (fr) * 2014-11-10 2018-11-07 Portals De La Rue Limited Améliorations en matière de filigranage
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