EP2806244A1 - Ensemble et procédé de distribution d'un échangeur thermique - Google Patents

Ensemble et procédé de distribution d'un échangeur thermique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2806244A1
EP2806244A1 EP14169425.7A EP14169425A EP2806244A1 EP 2806244 A1 EP2806244 A1 EP 2806244A1 EP 14169425 A EP14169425 A EP 14169425A EP 2806244 A1 EP2806244 A1 EP 2806244A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluid
heat exchanger
distribution
channel
distribution assembly
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14169425.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2806244B1 (fr
Inventor
Abbas A. Alahyari
Thomas D. Radcliff
Richard D. Rusich
Christoph E. Haugstetter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hamilton Sundstrand Corp
Original Assignee
Hamilton Sundstrand Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by Hamilton Sundstrand Corp filed Critical Hamilton Sundstrand Corp
Publication of EP2806244A1 publication Critical patent/EP2806244A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2806244B1 publication Critical patent/EP2806244B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/40—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/028—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by using inserts for modifying the pattern of flow inside the header box, e.g. by using flow restrictors or permeable bodies or blocks with channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/02—Evaporators
    • F25B39/028—Evaporators having distributing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/0265—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by using guiding means or impingement means inside the header box

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to heat exchanger arrangements, and more particularly to a heat exchanger distribution assembly, as well as a method of distributing fluid to a heat exchanger.
  • heat exchangers such as mini-channel, micro-channel, plate-fin, and brazed-plate heat exchangers, for example, distribution is particularly difficult due to the requirement that the flow must be distributed among many layers and small ports.
  • these types of heat exchangers may employ a piccolo distributor having a closed-end tube with a series of holes in the side. The assumption behind this approach is that the flow entering the distributor is annular or well-mixed and remains that way through the distributor tube.
  • the cavity within the distributor may not be able to avert separation of the two-phase fluid under different operating conditions. The flow may tend to stratify due to deceleration in the distributor and as a result, liquid pools at the end of the tube while vapor leaves through early ports. Therefore, the mass fraction provided to each fin passage is not properly apportioned and may yield poor system performance.
  • a heat exchanger distribution assembly includes a channel guide comprising an outer surface. Also included is an outer shell comprising a hollow portion and a plurality of distribution holes, wherein the channel guide is at least partially disposed within the hollow portion. Further included is a plurality of channel grooves disposed between an inner surface of the outer shell and the outer surface of the channel guide, wherein the plurality of channel grooves are configured to convert circumferentially spaced flow passages to axially spaced flow passages to route the fluid to a plurality of layers of a heat exchanger.
  • method of distributing fluid to layers of a heat exchanger includes supplying a fluid to a plurality of distribution tubes of a diffuser to separate the fluid into a plurality of fluid routing paths.
  • the method also includes apportioning the fluid through a plurality of circumferentially spaced holes of an orifice ring.
  • the method further includes routing the fluid through a plurality of channel grooves disposed between an outer surface of a channel guide and an inner surface of an outer shell.
  • the method yet further includes distributing the fluid to a plurality of layers of the heat exchanger through a plurality of distribution holes aligned with the plurality of channel grooves.
  • a heat exchanger arrangement 10 is schematically illustrated.
  • the heat exchanger arrangement 10 may be used in conjunction with an assembly or system of a vehicle, such as an aircraft, however, it is contemplated that other vehicles or applications may benefit from the embodiments described herein.
  • the heat exchanger arrangement 10 is employed in an aircraft air conditioning system or refrigeration unit.
  • the heat exchanger arrangement 10 includes an expansion valve assembly 12 configured to reduce pressure from a refrigerant to allow expansion or change of state from a liquid to a vapor, thereby resulting in a fluid 14 comprising a two-phase flow.
  • the fluid 14 is supplied to a heat exchanger distribution assembly 16.
  • the heat exchanger distribution assembly 16 is illustrated in an installed condition with the expansion valve assembly 12 and a heat exchanger 18, such as an evaporator. It is contemplated that the embodiments of the heat exchanger distribution assembly 16 may be used in conjunction with various types of heat exchangers, such as those having a construction referred to as micro-channel, mini-channel, plate-fin, and brazed plate.
  • the distribution assembly 16 includes an outer shell 20 that includes an outer surface 22 and an inner surface 24, with the inner surface 24 defining a hollow portion 26.
  • a channel guide 28 is disposed within the hollow portion 26 and includes an outer surface 30.
  • the general geometry of the channel guide 28 substantially corresponds to the inner surface 24 of the outer shell 20.
  • the hollow portion 26 and the channel guide 28 are formed in a substantially cylindrical manner, however, cross-sectional geometries having a non-circular geometry are contemplated.
  • the outer shell 20 is operatively coupled to the heat exchanger 18 and to the expansion valve assembly 12 proximate a first end 27 of the outer shell 20. Coupling with the expansion valve assembly 12 forms a fluid inlet path 32 that facilitates fluid communication between the expansion valve assembly 12 and a homogenized fluid supply arrangement.
  • the homogenized fluid supply arrangement comprises a nozzle 34, but it is to be appreciated that alternative suitable arrangements may be employed to provide a homogenized flow.
  • the illustrated embodiment includes additional components, with respect to the outer shell 20 and the channel guide 28.
  • the nozzle 34 is located within a hollowed region of the channel guide 28 and includes an orifice 36 that restricts the cross-sectional area of the fluid inlet path 32 and is configured to increase the velocity of the fluid 14 flowing from the expansion valve assembly 12. Increasing the velocity of the fluid 14 advantageously provides a substantially uniform, homogeneous mixture of the fluid 14.
  • the orifice 36 of the nozzle 34 comprises a venturi path portion 37 to reduce the pressure drop of the fluid 14 passing therethrough.
  • the illustrated nozzle 34 is shown in what is referred to herein as a horizontal alignment, however, alternative angles are contemplated.
  • a diffuser 38 Disposed downstream of, and adjacent to, the nozzle 34 is a diffuser 38 that may be a portion of the channel guide 28 or a separate component.
  • the diffuser 38 comprises a plurality of circumferentially spaced distribution tubes 40 in fluid communication with the nozzle 34.
  • each of the plurality of distribution tubes 40 are configured to receive the fluid 14 upon passing through the orifice 36 of the nozzle 34, thereby separating the fluid equally into a plurality of fluid routing paths 42. It is contemplated that the nozzle 34 and the diffuser 38 are integrally formed in one embodiment.
  • the plurality of distribution tubes 40 route the fluid 14 to a location proximate a second end 44 of the outer shell 20 and transition the fluid 14 at a transition point 43 to a plurality of channel grooves 46 disposed between the inner surface 24 of the outer shell 20 and the outer surface 30 of the channel guide 28.
  • the channel grooves 46 may be formed in either, or both, of the inner surface 24 of the outer shell 20 and the outer surface 30 of the channel guide 28.
  • the channel guide 28 comprises a substantially smooth outer surface.
  • the inner surface 24 of the outer shell 20 comprises a substantially smooth inner surface.
  • the smooth surface substantially seals the plurality of channel grooves 46 to provide a continuation of the plurality of fluid routing paths 42.
  • the plurality of channel grooves 46 may include varying lengths and/or hydraulic diameters to equalize pressure drop through the different paths in order to equalize flow, if necessary.
  • the outer shell 20 includes a plurality of distribution holes 48 extending radially therethrough from the outer surface 22 to the inner surface 24 of the outer shell 20.
  • the plurality of distribution holes 48 are aligned with desired inlet locations of the heat exchanger 18. Specifically, each of the plurality of distribution holes 48 are aligned with a corresponding layer 50 ( FIG. 1 ) of the heat exchanger 18.
  • the plurality of distribution holes 48 are coaxially aligned in a single axis, but it is to be appreciated that the plurality of distribution holes 48 may be circumferentially angled from each other.
  • each channel groove 46 leads to a corresponding distribution hole 48, such that a homogeneous mixture of the fluid 14 is maintained and routed to each layer 50 of the heat exchanger 18.
  • each channel groove 46 leads to a group of distribution holes ( FIG. 6 ). It is to be appreciated that the channel grooves 46 may be configured to route the fluid 14 to the distribution holes 48 in numerous routing paths. For example, a straight or helical path may be taken by the fluid 14 during routing to the distribution holes 48.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 a heat exchanger distribution assembly 100 according to a second embodiment is illustrated.
  • the second embodiment is similar in many respects to the first embodiment described in detail above, such that duplicative description of each component, as well as each component's functionality, is not necessary and similar reference numerals are employed where applicable.
  • the nozzle 34 and the diffuser 38 are located externally relative to the channel guide 28 and the hollow portion 26 of the outer shell 20. Specifically, the nozzle 34 is disposed adjacent to, or at least partially within, the diffuser 38 to route the fluid 14 to the plurality of distribution tubes 40. Sandwiched between the diffuser 38 and the channel guide 28 is an orifice ring 102 that includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced holes 104 to ensure precision control of flow apportionment from each of the plurality of distribution tubes 40 to account for small differences in frictional losses due to the different lengths of each of the plurality of channel grooves 46. In one embodiment, the orifice ring 102 is integrally formed with the channel guide 28.
  • the second embodiment may include channel grooves 46 that route the fluid 14 to more than one distribution hole 48, as described in detail above in conjunction with the first embodiment.
  • the nozzle 34 and/or the diffuser 38 may be oriented substantially vertically and the channel guide 28 may include a bend of numerous angles.
  • each of the embodiments described above advantageously increase the velocity of the fluid 14 with the nozzle 34 and route the fluid 14 along individual fluid routing paths 42 to the plurality of distribution holes 48 for provision to the layers 48 of the heat exchanger 18.
  • a method of distributing fluid to layers of a heat exchanger 200 is also provided, as illustrated in FIG. 7 and with reference to FIGS. 1-6 .
  • the heat exchanger distribution assembly 16 has been previously described and specific structural components need not be described in further detail.
  • the method of distributing fluid to layers of a heat exchanger 200 includes supplying the fluid to a plurality of distribution tubes of a diffuser to separate the fluid into a plurality of fluid routing paths 202.
  • the fluid is apportioned through a plurality of circumferentially spaced holes of an orifice ring 204.
  • the fluid is routed through a plurality of channel grooves disposed between and outer surface of a channel guide and an inner surface of an outer shell 206.
  • the fluid is distributed to a plurality of layers of the heat exchanger through a plurality of distribution holes aligned with the plurality of channel grooves 208.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
EP14169425.7A 2013-05-23 2014-05-22 Ensemble et procédé de distribution d'un échangeur thermique Active EP2806244B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/901,031 US20140345837A1 (en) 2013-05-23 2013-05-23 Heat exchanger distribution assembly and method

Publications (2)

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EP2806244A1 true EP2806244A1 (fr) 2014-11-26
EP2806244B1 EP2806244B1 (fr) 2019-04-24

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EP (1) EP2806244B1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2977707A1 (fr) * 2014-07-22 2016-01-27 Hamilton Sundstrand Space Systems International, Inc. Distributeur de flux pour plaque de transfert de chaleur
EP3070419A1 (fr) * 2015-03-20 2016-09-21 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Aube de turbulence de distributeur d'échangeur de chaleur
WO2017004058A1 (fr) * 2015-06-29 2017-01-05 Carrier Corporation Évaporateur distributeur à deux phases
US20170227303A1 (en) * 2016-02-08 2017-08-10 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Channel guide distributor
EP3244139A1 (fr) * 2016-05-11 2017-11-15 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Distributeur de flux pour un flux à deux phases
CN110864568A (zh) * 2018-07-20 2020-03-06 山东大学 一种边长变化换热器均衡流量设计方法

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11293703B2 (en) 2016-01-12 2022-04-05 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Heat exchangers
US10088250B2 (en) 2016-01-12 2018-10-02 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Heat exchangers
JP7122469B2 (ja) * 2019-06-05 2022-08-19 株式会社日阪製作所 プレート式熱交換器、及びプレート式熱交換器用の分配器
EP4145063A4 (fr) * 2020-04-30 2024-05-29 Zhejiang Sanhua Automotive Components Co., Ltd. Appareil d'échange de chaleur et son procédé de fabrication
US11802736B2 (en) 2020-07-29 2023-10-31 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Annular heat exchanger
US11976677B2 (en) 2021-11-05 2024-05-07 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Integrally formed flow distributor for fluid manifold
CN114887556B (zh) * 2022-04-28 2023-07-28 东南大学 一种泰勒流两相反应器

Citations (4)

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DE3150187A1 (de) * 1981-12-18 1983-06-23 Süddeutsche Kühlerfabrik Julius Fr. Behr GmbH & Co KG, 7000 Stuttgart Verdampfer, insbesondere fuer klimaanlagen in kraftfahrzeugen
EP0121079A1 (fr) * 1983-03-30 1984-10-10 Süddeutsche Kühlerfabrik Julius Fr. Behr GmbH & Co. KG Echangeur de chaleur
US4513587A (en) * 1981-09-14 1985-04-30 Sueddeutsche Kuehlerfabrik Julius Fr. Behr Gmbh & Co., Kg Evaporator particularly suitable for air conditioners in automotive vehicles
US6179051B1 (en) * 1997-12-24 2001-01-30 Delaware Capital Formation, Inc. Distributor for plate heat exchangers

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US3563055A (en) * 1969-03-17 1971-02-16 Sporlan Valve Co Refrrigerant distribvtor
DE3048959C2 (de) * 1980-12-24 1985-08-29 Wieland-Werke Ag, 7900 Ulm Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Rippenrohres für Wärmeübertrager o.dgl.
ES512122A0 (es) * 1981-07-08 1983-02-16 Sueddeutsche Kuehler Behr "perfeccionamientos en los evaporadores".
JPH09257386A (ja) * 1996-03-22 1997-10-03 Sanden Corp 分配装置及びそれを備えた熱交換器
FR2766914B1 (fr) * 1997-07-29 1999-10-29 D Applic Thermiques Comp Ind Distributeur destine a equiper les echangeurs thermiques intratubulaires des installations de refroidissement a fluide frigorigene de type diphasique
US7967060B2 (en) * 2005-08-18 2011-06-28 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Evaporating heat exchanger
US20100313585A1 (en) * 2006-04-21 2010-12-16 Parker Christian D Fluid expansion-distribution assembly
JP4830918B2 (ja) * 2006-08-02 2011-12-07 株式会社デンソー 熱交換器
US8505316B2 (en) * 2009-07-28 2013-08-13 Lingyu Dong Direct expansion evaporator

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4513587A (en) * 1981-09-14 1985-04-30 Sueddeutsche Kuehlerfabrik Julius Fr. Behr Gmbh & Co., Kg Evaporator particularly suitable for air conditioners in automotive vehicles
DE3150187A1 (de) * 1981-12-18 1983-06-23 Süddeutsche Kühlerfabrik Julius Fr. Behr GmbH & Co KG, 7000 Stuttgart Verdampfer, insbesondere fuer klimaanlagen in kraftfahrzeugen
EP0121079A1 (fr) * 1983-03-30 1984-10-10 Süddeutsche Kühlerfabrik Julius Fr. Behr GmbH & Co. KG Echangeur de chaleur
US6179051B1 (en) * 1997-12-24 2001-01-30 Delaware Capital Formation, Inc. Distributor for plate heat exchangers

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2977707A1 (fr) * 2014-07-22 2016-01-27 Hamilton Sundstrand Space Systems International, Inc. Distributeur de flux pour plaque de transfert de chaleur
US11592239B2 (en) 2014-07-22 2023-02-28 Hamilton Sundstrand Space Systems International, Inc. Flow distributor for heat transfer plate
EP3070419A1 (fr) * 2015-03-20 2016-09-21 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Aube de turbulence de distributeur d'échangeur de chaleur
WO2017004058A1 (fr) * 2015-06-29 2017-01-05 Carrier Corporation Évaporateur distributeur à deux phases
US20170227303A1 (en) * 2016-02-08 2017-08-10 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Channel guide distributor
CN107044746A (zh) * 2016-02-08 2017-08-15 哈米尔顿森德斯特兰德公司 通道导向分配器
US9909822B2 (en) * 2016-02-08 2018-03-06 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Channel guide distributor
EP3244139A1 (fr) * 2016-05-11 2017-11-15 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Distributeur de flux pour un flux à deux phases
CN110864568A (zh) * 2018-07-20 2020-03-06 山东大学 一种边长变化换热器均衡流量设计方法
CN111412763A (zh) * 2018-07-20 2020-07-14 山东大学 一种汽液两相流的换热管内部尺寸的设计方法
CN111412763B (zh) * 2018-07-20 2021-07-23 山东大学 一种汽液两相流的换热管内部尺寸的设计方法

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EP2806244B1 (fr) 2019-04-24
US20140345837A1 (en) 2014-11-27

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