EP2802386B1 - Method for stopping and/or preventing the spread of peat fires - Google Patents

Method for stopping and/or preventing the spread of peat fires Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2802386B1
EP2802386B1 EP12703862.8A EP12703862A EP2802386B1 EP 2802386 B1 EP2802386 B1 EP 2802386B1 EP 12703862 A EP12703862 A EP 12703862A EP 2802386 B1 EP2802386 B1 EP 2802386B1
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polymer
superabsorbent
trench
partially
process according
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EP2802386A2 (en
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René Pich
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SPCM SA
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SPCM SA
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
    • A62C3/0278—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires by creating zones devoid of flammable material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
    • E02F5/02—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
    • E02F5/02—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches
    • E02F5/14—Component parts for trench excavators, e.g. indicating devices travelling gear chassis, supports, skids

Definitions

  • Underground peat fires are very common in some countries such as Russia, Indonesia, Finland, Canada, Sweden, Norway.
  • peat very important surfaces are covered with peat. For example: 1.1 million km 2 in Canada, 750,000 km 2 in the Soviet Union, 263,000 km 2 in Indonesia.
  • peat fires are common from late summer to early autumn, especially in very dry years (eg 1972 in Russia).
  • the surface peat dries up and, by fermentation and auto oxidation, rises in temperature.
  • the problem is therefore to develop a method to stop the spread of peat fires either as a cure in the event of a fire, or as a preventive measure for the protection of towns or houses. This operation must be fast and cost as low as possible or implemented permanently.
  • the Applicant has developed a method for solving all of these problems by using superabsorbent (SAP) or (co) polymers with a high rate of swelling in water.
  • SAP superabsorbent
  • these polymers are crosslinked. These are copolymers, terpolymers ... or their mixture and their main characteristic is a high capacity to swell in an aqueous medium.
  • the invention therefore consists in using a superabsorbent as a thermal barrier by filling a partially or totally inflated SAP trench.
  • This partially or fully inflated SAP is referred to as "solid water” since it can contain up to 99% water.
  • the trenches can be dug at high speed using a slicer especially in loose material at a speed of 5 km / hour depending on the width and depth.
  • the width of the trench is between 20 to 40 cm. This width must be minimal to reduce the consumption of superabsorbent. The width can be determined by specific tests.
  • the slicers are very different constructions and powers from 50 to 1500 HP depending on the type of soil (soil, rocky soil, limestone, rock, ...), the depth and width of the trench. They are often used in agriculture to bury irrigation pipes. These trenches could be filled with water. Unfortunately in this case, the water percolates and disappears and the walls collapse.
  • a thickness of 20 - 40cm superabsorbent partially or fully inflated is sufficient to stop the spread of fire.
  • Some trenchers are equipped with conveyor belts to remove cuttings. In the case of peat, it is important to dispose of these products and store them in humid conditions so as to avoid self-combustion.
  • the SAP is not inflated prior to the filling of the trench but is deposited independently of the water. It is then drowned with water that has been added either before or after SAP deposition, which causes partial or total swelling directly in the trench.
  • water that has been added either before or after SAP deposition, which causes partial or total swelling directly in the trench.
  • it is possible to deposit the polymer at the bottom of the trench and drown it in water.
  • it is preferable to have larger particle sizes (less than 4 mm) which allow a better diffusion of the water but with a high swelling time.
  • the polymers are crosslinked copolymers of acrylamide and partially or totally salified acrylic acid and will contain between 40 and 90 mol% of acrylamide and between 10 and 60 mol% of acrylic acid partially or totally salified.
  • the SAP is a terpolymer derived from the polymerization of acrylamide and / or partially or totally salified acrylic acid and / or partially or totally salified ATBS (acrylamido tert-butylsufonate) and / or NVP. (N vinylpyrrolidone).
  • ATBS acrylamido tert-butylsufonate
  • NVP N vinylpyrrolidone
  • the content of ATBS and / or NVP is of the order of 10 mol%.
  • hydrophilic monomers but also monomers with hydrophobic characters, may be used to produce the polymers.
  • the copolymers are crosslinked with 100 to 6000 ppm of at least one crosslinking agent chosen from the group comprising acrylic (methylenebisacrylamide), allyl (tertra allylamine chloride), vinyl (divinylbenzene), diepoxy and metal salts. .
  • the superabsorbent (co) polymer is inflated in a treatment center and transported by tanker truck to the treatment site
  • the SAPs are partially or fully inflated before filling the trench.
  • the means for mixing the water and the polymer is in the form of two successive tanks allowing continuous and homogeneous swelling of the superabsorbent.
  • the figure 1 is a representation of a trencher with wheels to form trenches with a maximum depth of 1m 20 / 1m 50 with a very narrow passage, of the order of 10 to 20 cm.
  • the figure 2 , 3 and 4 represent chain trenchers to form trenches up to 8 meters deep on soft ground.
  • the width of the trench is dictated by the rigidity of the arm and is at a minimum of 20 to 40 cm, some slicers up to 1 meter and more.
  • the figure 5 is a representation of an installation implementing the method of the invention according to a particular embodiment.
  • a slicer forms the trench and discharges the embankments in a truck (2).
  • a truck (3) injects the swollen SAPs into the trench with a sparrow type volumetric pump (4).
  • This truck contains a hopper (5) containing the polymer, a screw feeder (6), two swelling tanks equipped with stirrers (7) for bringing the SAP into contact with water.
  • a third truck (8) provides water through a valve and a pipe (9) connecting the truck (8) to the swelling tanks (7).
  • a train of trailers towed by a powerful tractor can be put into service, including a swelling trailer, a polymer trailer and a water trailer which will be filled by a large number of trucks.
  • the construction of this equipment obviously depends on the service requested.
  • the amounts of (co) polymer to be trenched with a width of 20 cm to a depth of 4 meters are 800 liters per meter usually include (moderately hard water) 782 liters of water and 8 kg of polymer.
  • the swelling time depends on the particle size of the polymer. For a polymer of particle size less than 1 mm, it is about 1 hour. Larger particle sizes smaller than 4 mm are sometimes preferred with a longer deflation time (about 3 hours). It is possible to inject non-fully swollen copolymers which end up swelling in the trench with an excess of water.
  • a container of 5 tons of polymer will treat a length of 600 meters and a truck of 20 tons, 2,500 meters.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Description

Les feux souterrains de tourbe sont très courants dans certains pays comme la Russie, l'Indonésie, la Finlande, le Canada, La Suède, la Norvège.Underground peat fires are very common in some countries such as Russia, Indonesia, Finland, Canada, Sweden, Norway.

En effet, des surfaces très importantes sont couvertes de tourbe. A titre d'exemple : 1.1 million de km2 au Canada, 750 000 km2 en Union Soviétique, 263 000 km2 en Indonésie.Indeed, very important surfaces are covered with peat. For example: 1.1 million km 2 in Canada, 750,000 km 2 in the Soviet Union, 263,000 km 2 in Indonesia.

Ces feux de tourbe sont initiés de diverses manières :

  • Incendies de forêts qui se propagent dans le sol,
  • Coups de foudre qui enflamment la végétation,
  • Auto combustion de tas de tourbe lorsqu'elle est exploitée pour diverses applications (combustible, coke, agriculture, ...),
  • Auto combustion interne par temps très secs,
  • Incendies accidentels ou volontaires, en particulier sur des sols agricoles.
These peat fires are initiated in various ways:
  • Forest fires spreading in the soil,
  • Thunderbolts that ignite the vegetation,
  • Peat pile self-combustion when exploited for various applications (fuel, coke, agriculture, ...),
  • Auto internal combustion in very dry weather,
  • Accidental or deliberate fires, especially on agricultural soils.

Ces feux de tourbe sont courants de fin d'été à début d'automne, surtout dans les années très sèches (par ex 1972 en Russie). La tourbe de surface se dessèche et, par fermentation et auto oxydation, monte en température.These peat fires are common from late summer to early autumn, especially in very dry years (eg 1972 in Russia). The surface peat dries up and, by fermentation and auto oxidation, rises in temperature.

La tourbe dans le sol peut avoir des épaisseurs très différentes avec les couches suivantes :

  • Couche superficielle minérale (0 à 1 m)
  • Humus (0.2 à 0.3 m)
  • Tourbe blanche peu décomposée (0.8 à 1 m 50)
  • Tourbe noire fortement décomposée (0.8 à 4 m)
  • Boues et sables imperméables à l'eau.
Peat in soil can have very different thicknesses with the following layers:
  • Mineral surface layer (0 to 1 m)
  • Humus (0.2 to 0.3 m)
  • White peat little decomposed (0.8 to 1 m 50)
  • Heavily decomposed black peat (0.8 to 4 m)
  • Muds and sands waterproof.

Dans la majorité des cas l'épaisseur va de 1 à 5 mètres.In the majority of the cases the thickness goes from 1 to 5 meters.

Etant données les surfaces, beaucoup de villes et de villages ou de maisons individuelles sont construits dans des zones contenant de la tourbe, les fondations des immeubles allant jusqu'à la couche minérale par évacuation de la couche de tourbe. Parfois des immeubles sont battis sur pieux sans évacuation de la tourbe, ce qui est extrêmement dangereux.Given the surfaces, many towns and villages or single-family houses are built in areas containing peat, building foundations up to the mineral layer by evacuation of the peat layer. Sometimes buildings are beaten on piles without peat evacuation, which is extremely dangerous.

Enfin, les zones vertes, dans les villes et autour des villes ne sont pas traitées, ce qui permet aux feux de tourbe de se propager au voisinage direct des habitations.
Les feux de tourbe sont très difficiles à combattre. Le plus souvent, on construit des tranchées avec des pelleteuses et on éteint le feu dans ces tranchées avec des lances à incendie. Cependant, souvent, ces tranchées ne sont pas assez profondes et le feu passe sous la tranchée. Les documents US 2 864 181 A et RU 2 247 585 C2 , décrivent un procédé permettant de stopper la propagation des feux en creusant une tranchée. En effet, ce sont les couches profondes contenant beaucoup de bitume et protégées de l'eau par ces bitumes imperméables qui propagent l'incendie.
Sur des feux peu profonds, on injecte de l'eau sous pression de 2 à 6 bars par des tiges de 1 à 1m50 en déplaçant ces tubes d'injection. Ceci ne fonctionne que sur les feux de faible surface et de faible profondeur.Finally, green areas in and around cities are not treated, allowing peat fires to spread in the direct vicinity of homes.
Peat fires are very difficult to fight. Most often, trenches are built with shovels and fire is extinguished in these trenches with fire hoses. However, often these trenches are not deep enough and the fire goes under the trench. The documents US 2,864,181 A and RU 2 247 585 C2 , describe a method to stop the spread of fire by digging a trench. Indeed, it is the deep layers containing a lot of bitumen and protected from water by these impervious bitumens which propagate the fire.
On shallow fires, pressurized water of 2 to 6 bar is injected by rods of 1 to 1 m 50 by moving these injection tubes. This only works on low surface and shallow fires.

Dans d'autres cas, on essaye d'apporter le maximum d'eau que l'on traite par un surfactant (sulfonate de pétrole) et par des retardateurs d'incendie (phosphates).
Dans tous les cas, il est difficile de répartir l'eau dans le sous sol hydrophobe pour éteindre complètement l'incendie. Dans d'autres cas, il y a des zones de fracturation où l'eau passe au travers de la couche sans la mouiller.
Encore en 2010, d'énormes incendies de tourbe ont eu lieu en Russie sans vraiment de succès pour les combattre.In other cases, we try to bring the maximum amount of water that is treated with a surfactant (petroleum sulphonate) and with fire retardants (phosphates).
In any case, it is difficult to distribute the water in the hydrophobic basement to extinguish the fire completely. In other cases, there are fracturing zones where the water passes through the layer without wetting it.
Again in 2010, huge peat fires took place in Russia without much success to fight them.

Le problème posé est donc de mettre au point un procédé permettant de stopper la propagation des feux de tourbe soit à titre curatif en cas d'incendie déclaré, soit à titre préventif pour la protection de villes ou de maisons. Cette opération doit être rapide et de coût le plus faible possible ou mis en oeuvre de manière permanente.The problem is therefore to develop a method to stop the spread of peat fires either as a cure in the event of a fire, or as a preventive measure for the protection of towns or houses. This operation must be fast and cost as low as possible or implemented permanently.

Pour ce faire le Demandeur a mis au point un procédé permettant de résoudre l'ensemble de ces problèmes en mettant en oeuvre des (co)polymères superabsorbants ou SAP à fort taux de gonflement dans l'eau. Par définition, ces polymères sont réticulés. Il s'agit de copolymères, de terpolymères... ou de leur mélange et ils ont pour principale caractéristique une forte capacité à gonfler en milieu aqueux.To do this, the Applicant has developed a method for solving all of these problems by using superabsorbent (SAP) or (co) polymers with a high rate of swelling in water. By definition, these polymers are crosslinked. These are copolymers, terpolymers ... or their mixture and their main characteristic is a high capacity to swell in an aqueous medium.

Les superabsorbants sont des polymères bien connus dans la chimie fine. Ils se présentent généralement sous forme de poudre. Leur structure basée sur un réseau tridimensionnel assimilable à une multitude de petites cavités ayant chacune d'elles la capacité de se déformer et d'absorber de l'eau leur confère la propriété d'absorber de très grandes quantités d'eau et donc de gonfler. De tels polymères sont par exemple décrits dans le brevet FR 2 559 158 dans lequel il est décrit des polymères réticulés de l'acide acrylique ou méthacrylique, des copolymères greffés réticulés du type polysaccharide / acide acrylique ou méthacrylique, des terpolymères réticulés du type acide acrylique ou méthacrylique / acrylamide / acrylamide sulfoné et leurs sels de métaux alcalino-terreux ou alcalins.
Comme déjà dit, ces polymères ont pour principale caractéristique une forte capacité à gonfler en milieu aqueux. Ils peuvent absorber et conserver des grandes quantités d'eau jusqu'à 100 fois ou plus leur masse en liquide. Ils sont utilisés notamment en agriculture pour retenir l'eau dans les sols, dans les produits d'hygiène pour bébés destinés à contenir l'urine et applications analogues.
Il apparait, par exemple que des SAP du type polyacrylamide réticulé absorbant 100 à 250 fois leur volume d'eau suivant la salinité, sont des barrières thermiques extrêmement performantes.
En d'autres termes, l'invention a pour objet un procédé permettant de stopper et/ou de prévenir la propagation des feux de tourbe consistant :

  • à creuser une tranchée en périphérie de la zone d'incendie déclarée ou potentielle,
  • à remplir au moins partiellement la tranchée d'au moins un (co)polymère superabsorbant (SAP),
ledit (co)polymère superabsorbant (SAP) étant:
  • soit partiellement ou totalement gonflé avec de l'eau avant remplissage de la tranchée,
  • soit déposé directement dans la tranchée puis gonflé totalement ou partiellement par apport préalable ou ultérieur d'eau.
Dans un premier mode de réalisation, les SAP sont partiellement ou totalement gonflés, c'est-à-dire qu'ils sont préalablement mélangés avec de l'eau puis partiellement ou totalement gonflés avec ladite eau avant remplissage de la tranchée.
Le SAP est partiellement ou totalement gonflé. Un SAP totalement gonflé est caractérisé par le fait que toutes les petites cavités du réseau tri-dimensionnel sont remplies d'eau à saturation, i.e. à un niveau tel que en ajoutant de l'eau supplémentaire, le SAP n'absorbe plus d'eau supplémentaire.Superabsorbents are polymers well known in fine chemistry. They are usually in the form of powder. Their structure based on a three-dimensional network assimilable to a multitude of small cavities each having the capacity to deform and absorb water gives them the property of absorbing very large quantities of water and thus inflating . Such polymers are for example described in the patent FR 2,559,158 in which there is described crosslinked polymers of acrylic or methacrylic acid, crosslinked graft copolymers of the polysaccharide / acrylic or methacrylic acid type, crosslinked terpolymers of the acrylic or methacrylic acid / acrylamide / sulfonated acrylamide type and their alkali metal salts. earthy or alkaline.
As already stated, these polymers have for their main characteristic a high capacity to swell in an aqueous medium. They can absorb and store large quantities of water up to 100 times or more of their mass in liquid. They are used especially in agriculture to retain water in the soil, in baby hygiene products intended to contain urine and similar applications.
It appears, for example, that crosslinked polyacrylamide-type SAPs absorbing 100 to 250 times their volume of water depending on the salinity, are extremely efficient thermal barriers.
In other words, the invention relates to a method for stopping and / or preventing the spread of peat fires comprising:
  • to dig a trench on the outskirts of the declared or potential fire zone,
  • at least partially filling the trench with at least one superabsorbent (co) polymer (SAP),
said superabsorbent (co) polymer (SAP) being:
  • either partially or totally inflated with water before filling the trench,
  • is deposited directly in the trench and inflated totally or partially by prior or subsequent water supply.
In a first embodiment, the SAPs are partially or totally inflated, that is to say that they are premixed with water and then partially or totally inflated with said water before filling the trench.
SAP is partially or fully inflated. A fully inflated SAP is characterized by the fact that all the small cavities of the three-dimensional network are filled with saturation water, ie at a level such that by adding additional water, the SAP no longer absorbs water additional.

L'invention consiste donc à utiliser un superabsorbant comme barrière thermique en remplissant une tranchée de SAP partiellement ou totalement gonflé. On désigne ce SAP partiellement ou totalement gonflé sous le nom d'« eau solide » étant donné qu'il peut contenir jusqu'à 99% d'eau.The invention therefore consists in using a superabsorbent as a thermal barrier by filling a partially or totally inflated SAP trench. This partially or fully inflated SAP is referred to as "solid water" since it can contain up to 99% water.

Les tranchées peuvent êtres creusées à grande vitesse à l'aide de trancheuse spécialement dans un matériau meuble à une vitesse de 5 km/heure suivant la largeur et la profondeur.The trenches can be dug at high speed using a slicer especially in loose material at a speed of 5 km / hour depending on the width and depth.

Ces trancheuses sont de plusieurs types :

  • Des trancheuses à roues (figure 1) qui permettent des profondeurs maximum de 1m 20/ 1m 50 avec un passage très étroit : 10 à 20 cm.
  • Les trancheuses à chaine (figure 2, 3 et 4) pouvant aller à 8 mètres de profondeur sur des terrains meubles. La largeur de la tranchée est dictée par la rigidité du bras et se situe à un minimum de 20 à 40 cm, certaines trancheuses allant jusqu'à 1 mètre et plus.
These slicers are of several types:
  • Wheeled slicers ( figure 1 ) which allow maximum depths of 1m 20 / 1m 50 with a very narrow passage: 10 to 20 cm.
  • Chain slicers ( figure 2 , 3 and 4 ) may be 8 meters deep on soft ground. The width of the trench is dictated by the rigidity of the arm and is at a minimum of 20 to 40 cm, some slicers up to 1 meter and more.

En pratique, la largeur de la tranchée est comprise entre 20 à 40 cm. Cette largeur doit être minimale pour diminuer la consommation de superabsorbant. La largeur pourra être déterminée par des essais spécifiques.In practice, the width of the trench is between 20 to 40 cm. This width must be minimal to reduce the consumption of superabsorbent. The width can be determined by specific tests.

Les trancheuses sont de constructions et de puissances très différentes de 50 à 1 500 CV suivant le type de sol (terre, terre caillouteuse, calcaire, rocher, ...), la profondeur et la largeur de la tranchée. Elles sont souvent utilisées en agriculture pour enterrer les tuyaux d'irrigations. Ces tranchées pourraient être remplies d'eau. Malheureusement dans ce cas, l'eau percole et disparait et les parois s'effondrent.The slicers are very different constructions and powers from 50 to 1500 HP depending on the type of soil (soil, rocky soil, limestone, rock, ...), the depth and width of the trench. They are often used in agriculture to bury irrigation pipes. These trenches could be filled with water. Unfortunately in this case, the water percolates and disappears and the walls collapse.

Dans le cas de la tourbe, une épaisseur de 20 - 40cm de superabsorbant partiellement ou totalement gonflé est suffisante pour arrêter la propagation de l'incendie.In the case of peat, a thickness of 20 - 40cm superabsorbent partially or fully inflated is sufficient to stop the spread of fire.

Certaines trancheuses sont munies de bandes transporteuses de manière à enlever les déblais. Dans le cas de tourbe, il est important d'éliminer ces produits et de les stocker dans des conditions humides de manière à éviter l'auto-combustion.Some trenchers are equipped with conveyor belts to remove cuttings. In the case of peat, it is important to dispose of these products and store them in humid conditions so as to avoid self-combustion.

Dans un second mode de réalisation, le SAP n'est pas gonflé préalablement au remplissage de la tranchée mais est déposé indépendamment de l'eau. Il est ensuite noyé avec de l'eau qui a été ajoutée soit avant dépôt du SAP, soit après, ce qui entraine son gonflement partiel ou total directement dans la tranchée. Ainsi, pour des tranchées peu profondes (1 m) et des parois peu poreuses, il est possible de déposer le polymère au fond de la tranchée et le noyer dans l'eau. Dans un tel cas, on préférera des granulométries plus élevées (inférieure à 4 mm) qui permettent une meilleur diffusion de l'eau mais avec un temps de gonflement élevé.In a second embodiment, the SAP is not inflated prior to the filling of the trench but is deposited independently of the water. It is then drowned with water that has been added either before or after SAP deposition, which causes partial or total swelling directly in the trench. Thus, for shallow trenches (1 m) and low porous walls, it is possible to deposit the polymer at the bottom of the trench and drown it in water. In such a case, it is preferable to have larger particle sizes (less than 4 mm) which allow a better diffusion of the water but with a high swelling time.

Avantageusement, les polymères sont choisis dans le groupe comprenant :

  • les copolymères réticulés obtenus par polymérisation d'acrylamide et d'acide acrylique partiellement ou totalement salifiée, de préférence sous la forme d'un sel de sodium,
  • des acides polyacryliques réticulés, partiellement ou totalement salifiée, de préférence sous la forme d'un sel de sodium.
Advantageously, the polymers are chosen from the group comprising:
  • crosslinked copolymers obtained by polymerization of acrylamide and partially or totally salified acrylic acid, preferably in the form of a sodium salt,
  • crosslinked polyacrylic acids, partially or totally salified, preferably in the form of a sodium salt.

Dans un mode de réalisation préféré, les polymères sont des copolymères réticulés d'acrylamide et d'acide acrylique partiellement ou totalement salifiée et contiendront entre 40 et 90 mol% d'acrylamide et entre 10 et 60 mol% d'acide acrylique partiellement ou totalement salifiée.In a preferred embodiment, the polymers are crosslinked copolymers of acrylamide and partially or totally salified acrylic acid and will contain between 40 and 90 mol% of acrylamide and between 10 and 60 mol% of acrylic acid partially or totally salified.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, le SAP est un terpolymère dérivé de la polymérisation d'acrylamide et/ou d'acide acrylique partiellement ou totalement salifiée et/ou d'ATBS (acrylamido tertio butylsufonate) partiellement ou totalement salifiée et/ou de NVP (N vinylpyrrolidone). Avantageusement la teneur en ATBS et/ou NVP est de l'ordre de 10 mol%.In a particular embodiment, the SAP is a terpolymer derived from the polymerization of acrylamide and / or partially or totally salified acrylic acid and / or partially or totally salified ATBS (acrylamido tert-butylsufonate) and / or NVP. (N vinylpyrrolidone). Advantageously, the content of ATBS and / or NVP is of the order of 10 mol%.

D'autres monomères hydrophiles, mais aussi des monomères à caractères hydrophobes, pourront être utilisés pour produire les polymères.Other hydrophilic monomers, but also monomers with hydrophobic characters, may be used to produce the polymers.

Les copolymères sont réticulés avec 100 à 6000 ppm d'au moins un agent réticulant choisi dans le groupe comprenant les composés acryliques (méthylène bis acrylamide), allyliques (chlorure de tertra allylamine), vinyliques (divinyl benzène), diepoxy, sels métalliques...The copolymers are crosslinked with 100 to 6000 ppm of at least one crosslinking agent chosen from the group comprising acrylic (methylenebisacrylamide), allyl (tertra allylamine chloride), vinyl (divinylbenzene), diepoxy and metal salts. .

La stabilité de ces polymères est de plusieurs années dans le sol.The stability of these polymers is several years in the soil.

Elle peut être améliorée en procédant à une double réticulation par un réticulant acrylique, de préférence à un taux de 100 à 1000 ppm et un réticulant allylique, de préférence à un taux de 1000 à 5000 ppm, par exemple le MBA (méthylène bis acrylamide) et le chlorure tetrallylammonium, qui étend la stabilité du SAP à plus de 5 ans. Au-delà, le gonflement diminue de même que le volume occupé par le polymère dans la tranchée.It can be improved by carrying out a double crosslinking with an acrylic crosslinking agent, preferably at a level of 100 to 1000 ppm and an allyl crosslinking agent, preferably at a level of 1000 to 5000 ppm, for example MBA (methylene bis). acrylamide) and tetrallylammonium chloride, which extends the stability of SAP to more than 5 years. Beyond, the swelling decreases as well as the volume occupied by the polymer in the trench.

Pour des milieux très acides, il est aussi possible de mélanger le superabsorbant avant gonflement avec 10 à 20 % de carbonate de calcium ou carbonate de sodium. Le carbonate de calcium est préféré car il ne diminue pas le gonflement du SAP.For very acidic media, it is also possible to mix the superabsorbent before swelling with 10 to 20% of calcium carbonate or sodium carbonate. Calcium carbonate is preferred because it does not decrease the swelling of SAP.

On peut aussi inclure dans le polymère, des composés améliorant le pouvoir d'extinction de l'eau. Il peut s'agir de phosphates par exemple d'ammonium, de bicarbonate par exemple de potassium, d'urée... Cependant les sels dissous dans l'eau diminuent le gonflement. On préfère ainsi l'urée.It is also possible to include in the polymer compounds which improve the extinguishing power of water. It may be phosphates for example ammonium, bicarbonate for example potassium, urea ... However, salts dissolved in water reduce swelling. Urea is thus preferred.

En ce qui concerne la gestion physique de ces tranchées, il est nécessaire de construire des plateformes pour le passage de véhicules en répartissant les charges de chaque côté.With regard to the physical management of these trenches, it is necessary to build platforms for the passage of vehicles by distributing the loads on each side.

Il est possible aussi en cas de réduction de volume de réinjecter du superabsorbant pré-gonflé par exemple par un camion citerne avec une pompe volumétrique type Moineau.It is also possible, in case of a reduction in volume, to reinject pre-inflated superabsorbent for example by a tanker truck with a Moineau type volumetric pump.

Plus précisément, le (co)polymère superabsorbant est gonflé dans un centre de traitement et transporté par camion citerne sur le lieu de traitementMore specifically, the superabsorbent (co) polymer is inflated in a treatment center and transported by tanker truck to the treatment site

Beaucoup de modifications de ce principe de traitement des incendies de tourbe sont possibles par l'homme de l'art pour adapter les matériels aux circonstances locales.Many modifications of this principle of treatment of peat fires are possible by those skilled in the art to adapt the equipment to local circumstances.

Il est en particulier possible de pré-positionner de telles tranchées autour de villes, d'installations industrielles, de générateurs d'énergies ou de maisons individuelles.In particular, it is possible to pre-position such trenches around cities, industrial installations, energy generators or individual houses.

Il est possible aussi de bloquer des incendies en prévoyant des tranchées à une distance calculée par rapport à leur avancement.It is also possible to block fires by providing trenches at a distance calculated in relation to their progress.

Il est possible de traiter des zones importantes en les séparant par de telles tranchées.It is possible to treat important areas by separating them with such trenches.

En cas de profondeurs faibles à moyennes de tourbe, il est possible d'accélérer les trancheuses jusqu'à 20 km/heure, remplir les tranchées d'eau par zones et introduire le superabsorbant en poudre en plusieurs fois pour un gonflement homogène. Les essais locaux doivent être effectués pour définir les conditions optimales et en particulier la tenue des parois.In the case of low to medium depths of peat, it is possible to accelerate the slicers up to 20 km / h, fill the trenches with water and introduce the superabsorbent powder in several times for a uniform swelling. Local tests must be carried out to define the optimal conditions and in particular the holding of the walls.

Pour de grandes surfaces, il est possible de mettre au point des matériels spécifiques très adaptés à ce type de procédé car on se trouve dans un terrain meuble ou les puissances absorbées sont faibles.For large areas, it is possible to develop specific materials very suitable for this type of process because one is in a soft ground where the absorbed powers are weak.

Evidemment, dans tous les cas, il est indispensable de nettoyer la surface des arbres couchés ou des broussailles sur une largeur de plusieurs mètres.Of course, in all cases, it is essential to clean the surface of recumbent trees or shrubs over a width of several meters.

L'invention a également pour objet une installation mettant en oeuvre le procédé ci avant décrit et comprenant :

  • un moyen apte à creuser une tranchée en périphérie de la zone d'incendie déclarée ou potentielle,
  • un moyen de stockage du (co)polymère superabsorbant,
  • un moyen d'injection du (co)polymère superabsorbant dans la tranchée.
The invention also relates to an installation implementing the method described above and comprising:
  • a means capable of digging a trench on the outskirts of the declared or potential fire zone,
  • means for storing the superabsorbent (co) polymer,
  • means for injecting the superabsorbent (co) polymer into the trench.

Dans un mode de réalisation préféré, les SAP sont partiellement ou totalement gonflés avant remplissage de la tranchée.In a preferred embodiment, the SAPs are partially or fully inflated before filling the trench.

Dans ces conditions, l'installation contient en outre :

  • un moyen de dosage du (co)polymère superabsorbant,
  • un moyen de dosage de l'eau
  • un moyen de mélange de l'eau et du (co)polymère superabsorbant,
  • un moyen de pompage du (co)polymère superabsorbant partiellement ou totalement gonflé obtenu
  • un moyen d'injection du (co)polymère superabsorbant partiellement ou totalement gonflé dans la tranchée.
In these conditions, the installation also contains:
  • a superabsorbent (co) polymer dosage means,
  • a means for dosing the water
  • means for mixing water and superabsorbent (co) polymer,
  • means for pumping the partially or totally swollen superabsorbent (co) polymer obtained
  • means for injecting the superabsorbent (co) polymer partially or totally inflated into the trench.

Avantageusement, le moyen de mélange de l'eau et du polymère se présente sous la forme de deux cuves successives permettant un gonflement continu et homogène du superabsorbant.Advantageously, the means for mixing the water and the polymer is in the form of two successive tanks allowing continuous and homogeneous swelling of the superabsorbent.

L'invention et les avantages qui en découlent ressortiront bien de l'exemple qui suit, à l'appui des figures annexées.

  • La figure 1 est une représentation d'une trancheuse à roues.
  • Les figures 2, 3 et 4 sont des représentations de trancheuses à chaines selon différents modes de réalisation.
  • La figure 5 est une représentation de l'installation de l'invention selon un mode de réalisation préféré.
The invention and the advantages resulting therefrom will emerge from the example which follows, in support of the appended figures.
  • The figure 1 is a representation of a wheeled slicer.
  • The figures 2 , 3 and 4 are representations of chain slicers according to different embodiments.
  • The figure 5 is a representation of the installation of the invention according to a preferred embodiment.

La figure 1 est une représentation d'une trancheuse à roues permettant de former des tranchées d'une profondeur maximale de 1m 20/ 1m 50 avec un passage très étroit, de l'ordre de 10 à 20 cm.The figure 1 is a representation of a trencher with wheels to form trenches with a maximum depth of 1m 20 / 1m 50 with a very narrow passage, of the order of 10 to 20 cm.

La figure 2, 3 et 4 représentent des trancheuses à chaines permettant de former des tranchées pouvant aller à 8 mètres de profondeur sur des terrains meubles. La largeur de la tranchée est dictée par la rigidité du bras et se situe à un minimum de 20 à 40 cm, certaines trancheuses allant jusqu'à 1 mètre et plus. La figure 5 est une représentation d'une installation mettant en oeuvre le procédé de l'invention selon un mode de réalisation particulier.The figure 2 , 3 and 4 represent chain trenchers to form trenches up to 8 meters deep on soft ground. The width of the trench is dictated by the rigidity of the arm and is at a minimum of 20 to 40 cm, some slicers up to 1 meter and more. The figure 5 is a representation of an installation implementing the method of the invention according to a particular embodiment.

Une trancheuse (voir figure 5 - (1)) forme la tranchée et évacue les remblais dans un camion (2). A l'arrière, un camion (3) injecte les SAP gonflés dans la tranchée grâce à une pompe volumétrique type moineau (4). Ce camion contient une trémie (5) contenant le polymère, un doseur à vis (6), deux cuves de gonflement munies d'agitateurs (7) permettant la mise en contact du SAP et de l'eau. A l'arrière du second camion (3), un troisième camion (8) fournit l'eau grâce à une vanne et une canalisation (9) reliant le camion (8) aux cuves de gonflement (7).A slicer (see figure 5 - (1)) forms the trench and discharges the embankments in a truck (2). At the rear, a truck (3) injects the swollen SAPs into the trench with a sparrow type volumetric pump (4). This truck contains a hopper (5) containing the polymer, a screw feeder (6), two swelling tanks equipped with stirrers (7) for bringing the SAP into contact with water. At the rear of the second truck (3), a third truck (8) provides water through a valve and a pipe (9) connecting the truck (8) to the swelling tanks (7).

Dans certains cas, on peut mettre en service un train de remorques tractées par un tracteur puissant et comprenant une remorque de gonflement, une remorque de polymère et une remorque d'eau qui sera remplie par un grand nombre de camions. La construction de ce matériel dépend évidemment du service demandé.In some cases, a train of trailers towed by a powerful tractor can be put into service, including a swelling trailer, a polymer trailer and a water trailer which will be filled by a large number of trucks. The construction of this equipment obviously depends on the service requested.

Les quantités de (co)polymère à mettre par tranchée avec une largeur de 20 cm sur une profondeur de 4 mètres sont de 800 litres au mètre comprennent habituellement (eau moyennement dure) 782 litres d'eau et 8 kg de polymère. Le temps de gonflement dépend de la granulométrie du polymère. Pour un polymère de granulométrie inférieure à 1 mm, il est d'environ 1 heure. On préfère parfois des granulométries plus élevées, inférieures à 4 mm avec un temps de dégonflement plus long (3 heures environ). Il est possible d'injecter des copolymère non entièrement gonflés qui finissent de gonfler dans la tranchée avec un excès d'eau.The amounts of (co) polymer to be trenched with a width of 20 cm to a depth of 4 meters are 800 liters per meter usually include (moderately hard water) 782 liters of water and 8 kg of polymer. The swelling time depends on the particle size of the polymer. For a polymer of particle size less than 1 mm, it is about 1 hour. Larger particle sizes smaller than 4 mm are sometimes preferred with a longer deflation time (about 3 hours). It is possible to inject non-fully swollen copolymers which end up swelling in the trench with an excess of water.

Avec un camion de 20m3 d'eau, il est possible, suivant la profondeur et l'épaisseur de faire 20 à 40 mètres de tranchée. Le nombre de camion d'eau sera donc très important.With a truck of 20m 3 of water, it is possible, according to the depth and the thickness to make 20 to 40 meters of trench. The number of water trucks will be very important.

Un container de 5 tonnes de polymère permettra de traiter une longueur de 600 mètres et un camion de 20 tonnes, 2 500 mètres.A container of 5 tons of polymer will treat a length of 600 meters and a truck of 20 tons, 2,500 meters.

L'homme de l'art pourra adapter cette installation de base aux caractéristiques locales.Those skilled in the art can adapt this basic installation to local characteristics.

Claims (13)

  1. Process to stop and/or prevent the spreading of peat fire consisting of:
    - digging a trench in the periphery of the area of outbreak of fire or potential fire,
    - filling a trench at least partially with at least one superabsorbent (co)polymer (SAP), said superabsorbent (co)polymer (SAP) being:
    - either partially or totally swollen with water before filling the trench,
    - either directly deposited in the trench and then totally or partially swollen by previously or subsequently supplying water.
  2. Process according to claim 1, wherein the trench is 20 to 40 centimetres wide.
  3. Process according to one of the previous claims, wherein the trench is of a depth capable of going up to 8 metres.
  4. Process according to one of the previous claims, wherein the superabsorbent (co)polymer is chosen from the group including:
    - crosslinked copolymers obtained by polymerization of acrylamide and partially or totally salified acrylic acid, preferably in the form of a sodium salt,
    - crosslinked polyacrylic acids, partially or totally salified, preferably in the form of a sodium salt.
  5. Process according to one of the previous claims, wherein the superabsorbent (co)polymer undergoes double crosslinking by an acrylic crosslinking agent at a rate of 100 to 1,000 ppm and an allylic crosslinking agent at a rate of 1,000 to 5000 ppm.
  6. Process according to claim 5, wherein the acrylic crosslinking agent is MBA (methylenebisacrylamide) and wherein the allylic crosslinking agent is tetrallylammonium chloride.
  7. Process according to one of the previous claims, wherein the superabsorbent (co)polymer is an acrylamide and partially or totally salified acrylic acid crosslinked copolymer and contains between 40 and 90 mol% of acrylamide and between 10 and 60 mol% of partially or totally salified acrylic acid
  8. Process according to one of the previous claims, wherein the superabsorbent (co)polymer is mixed with 10 to 20% calcium carbonate or sodium carbonate.
  9. Process according to one of the previous claims, wherein the water is mixed with compounds improving the extinguishing ability of the said water chosen from the group containing phosphate, bicarbonate, urea.
  10. Process according to claim 1, wherein the polymer is continuously partially or totally swollen in successive tanks and is injected into the trench.
  11. Process according to claim 1, wherein the superabsorbent (co)polymer is swollen in a processing centre and transported by tanker trucks to the treatment site.
  12. Facility implementing the process according to one of the claims 1 to 11, and including:
    - a means likely to dig a trench in the periphery of the area of outbreak of fire or potential fire,
    - a means of storage of the superabsorbent (co)polymer,
    - a means of injecting the superabsorbent (co)polymer into the trench.
  13. Facility according to claim 12, wherein it includes in addition:
    - a means of dosing the superabsorbent (co)polymer,
    - a means of dosing the water
    - a means of mixing the water and the superabsorbent (co)polymer,
    - a means of pumping the partially or totally swollen superabsorbent (co)polymer obtained,
    - a means of injecting the partially or totally swollen superabsorbent (co)polymer into the trench.
EP12703862.8A 2012-01-09 2012-01-09 Method for stopping and/or preventing the spread of peat fires Active EP2802386B1 (en)

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CN112933463B (en) * 2021-03-19 2022-11-04 义乌市圣彭纺织品有限公司 Emergency vehicle for forest fire prevention ditch excavation

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CN104010700A (en) 2014-08-27
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WO2012063008A2 (en) 2012-05-18
CA2859477C (en) 2017-12-12
IN2014MN01205A (en) 2015-06-12
AU2012202890B2 (en) 2015-07-16
AU2012202890A1 (en) 2014-07-10
US20150165248A1 (en) 2015-06-18
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CA2859477A1 (en) 2012-05-18
CN104010700B (en) 2016-11-09

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