WO2019068941A1 - Fire-extinguishing system - Google Patents

Fire-extinguishing system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019068941A1
WO2019068941A1 PCT/ES2017/000124 ES2017000124W WO2019068941A1 WO 2019068941 A1 WO2019068941 A1 WO 2019068941A1 ES 2017000124 W ES2017000124 W ES 2017000124W WO 2019068941 A1 WO2019068941 A1 WO 2019068941A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
compound
fire
water
extinguishing
polymer
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PCT/ES2017/000124
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Juan José Soriano Azorin
Original Assignee
Soriano Azorin Juan Jose
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Publication date
Application filed by Soriano Azorin Juan Jose filed Critical Soriano Azorin Juan Jose
Priority to ES202090016A priority Critical patent/ES2783892B2/en
Priority to PCT/ES2017/000124 priority patent/WO2019068941A1/en
Publication of WO2019068941A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019068941A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
    • A62D1/0028—Liquid extinguishing substances
    • A62D1/005—Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/21—Urea; Derivatives thereof, e.g. biuret
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
    • C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
    • C08L33/08—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic acid esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F20/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere

Definitions

  • the fire extinguishing system is essentially based on the preparation of a base compound formed by an aliphatic amide and two absorbent polymers that react chemically in a liquid medium such as water to obtain the resulting compound of the invention.
  • the fire consists of the unwanted generation of a combustion, that is to say a fire out of control, and for this it is necessary the presence of a combustible matter that is the material capable of burning and that can be in any of the solid, liquid phases and soda; an oxidizer, which is the oxidant necessary to allow the oxidation reaction to occur, and a source of energy that is generally a source of heat.
  • a combustible matter that is the material capable of burning and that can be in any of the solid, liquid phases and soda
  • an oxidizer which is the oxidant necessary to allow the oxidation reaction to occur
  • a source of energy that is generally a source of heat.
  • a first method consists of the elimination or the interruption of the combustible material or of the flow of the same, of direct form, removing the combustible material or interrupting the flow of the same (case of liquid or gaseous fuels) to the focus of the fire, or indirectly, by cooling the nearby fuel elements or the interposition of other incombustible elements;
  • a second method consists of the elimination of the oxidizer in the area of the fire, for which purpose the combustible material is covered to prevent its contact with the air, preventing ventilation of the burned area, using inert gases, or projecting water that, when it becomes steam, displaces oxygen from the air;
  • a third method consists in the cooling or elimination of the heat in the burned area, such as with the use of water that absorbs the heat of the fuel and that evaporates absorbs also a certain amount of heat; and, a
  • the nanoparticles of the two different reaction compounds are compressed separately or mixed in a highly controlled volume of only a few cubic centimeters.
  • the heat initiates the explosion of the explosive, which pulverizes the nanoparticles of dust in the environment.
  • the first phenomenon of flame control is due to the partial extinction due to dust.
  • the second phenomenon is due to the chemical reaction between the powders of selected compounds, whose mutual contact causes reactions that subtract heat from the flames.
  • one compound could be sodium bicarbonate, and the other, potassium bicarbonate.
  • the third effect is the extraction of oxygen from the flames. After the nebulization due to the explosion, the nanoparticles expand, reacting quickly with the oxygen present in the environment.
  • the patent application ES2223281 discloses a flame-retardant product for wood and its derivatives based on water-soluble inorganic salts and the optimization of its treatment by applying vacuum-pressure cycles in an autoclave.
  • the flame retardant developed is a water-soluble product of very easy preparation formed by a mixture of the following inorganic compounds: ammonium sulphate, boric acid and borax, in the proportions in dry weight that are detailed next: - Ammonium sulphate: 90-50%, Boric acid: 40-5% and Borax: 30-2%
  • the mechanism of action of the salts is different between them, producing a synergistic effect.
  • ammonium sulfate is a salt widely used in the manufacture of fertilizers, it is not flammable and decomposes at 515 ° C, it acts by releasing non-combustible gases (nitrogen) that, when mixed with combustible gases, decrease their proportion in the air, making the combustion process difficult.
  • Boric acid is a non-combustible substance used in the manufacture of heat-resistant glass (borosilicate) and in metallurgy as a soldering flux, it is also used as a flame retardant in textile products and in the control of fungi of citrus fruits; It acts by melting and covering the pores of the wood, forming a protective layer that prevents access to the air inside and the exit of combustible gases.
  • borax is a non-combustible salt used in the manufacture of glass and in the ceramic industry, as well as herbicide and soil sterilizer; it acts like boric acid melting and forming an insulating layer but also I possess 10 molecules of water crystallized by formula which delays the emission of combustible gases.
  • the addition of borax allows us to increase the pH of the protective solution, thus avoiding the accelerated oxidation of metals in contact with the treated wood.
  • borax and boric acid make the product have an insecticidal and fungicidal activity, in addition to the described fire retardant activity.
  • the advantage of the present invention with respect to the state of the art is that the extinguishing compound in proportions that can be dosed from 1 to 10 g / l of water, is deposited on combustible materials, whether burned or not, in such a way that They incorporate a layer, thick, fireproof and viscous, which adheres to surfaces, preventing the spread of fire.
  • This compound isolates the fuel from the oxidizer, creating an aqueous barrier between the fuel and the heat. It also experiences a drop in temperature, so it extinguishes by suffocation and cooling. The temperature drop is experienced by the action of the amide.
  • the substantial improvement introduced by the application of the base components of the present invention is the speed and yield of the formation of the extinguishing compound for firefighting from the direct attack with water projections, where it is being formed at the same instant of use.
  • Extinguishing mixture the extinguishing mixture is prepared in just a few seconds.
  • the present invention has been designed taking into consideration these desirable characteristics, and consequently, a first objective thereof consists in the provision of an efficient fire extinguishing system suitable for use in any type of fire, comprising a compound of base that reacts in a liquid medium, preferably water.
  • the present invention reveals the development of a system for fire extinguishing both for forestry and urban or industrial use, which also provides the additional advantage of serving as a fireproof protector for walls, tanks, vehicles and means of transport, as well as any type of machinery of industrial application, also adheres to many surfaces whether vertical or horizontal.
  • the fire extinguishing system is based essentially on the preparation of a base compound which, as said, reacts chemically in a liquid medium to obtain the resulting compound of the invention, which is characterized in that said compound of base is essentially formed by an aliphatic amide [CO (NH2) 2], and two absorbent polymers, mixed in the same unit.
  • the medium in which the reaction occurs is a liquid medium, preferably H2O.
  • the reaction that takes place is the hydrolysis of the compound at a pH lower than 6.2, so that catalysts that lower the pH can be used to accelerate said reaction.
  • the resulting mixture of the compound is intended to extinguish forest fire in direct and / or indirect attack.
  • indirect attack you can create a firewall by applying the extinguishing mixture resulting on the ground to protect or neutralize to extinguish the fire.
  • direct or indirect attack the compound is spread in such a way that the pressure does not break the particles during the application, being indicated for terrestrial and aerial means.
  • Another feature of the invention provides to add to the compound a dye that allows to identify the impregnated zone.
  • the fire extinguishing system and flame retardant system is based on an extinguishing compound that is formed by a reaction essentially originated by a base component comprising two types of polymers, a faster and lighter first polymer and a second polymer that is greater weight and takes longer and a third compound formed by an aliphatic amine which are hydrolyzed in a suitable medium at a certain pH.
  • the base component comprises a compound A constituted by an acrylic polymer which forms a salt of molecular formula [CH 2 -CH (COOH)] T , - (CH 2 - CH (COONa)] n JN-Heptane and Water in the following proportions by weight; [CH 2 -CH (COOH)], r - [CHrCH (COONa)] "greater than or equal to 85%
  • An aliphatic amide preferably
  • the medium is preferably water
  • the reaction that takes place is the hydrolysis of the base compound at a pH lower than 6.2, so that weak acids which act as catalysts for the hydrolysis reaction can be used to lower the pH.
  • the physicochemical characteristics of the compounds are the following:
  • the polymer an absorption greater than 450 g / g and the polymer (CeHeNaC ⁇ n presents an absorption of 63.7 g / g in the presence of a 0.9% solution of NaCl in water.
  • Odor threshold 17 ppm as ammonia.
  • Solubility Easily soluble in hot water and soluble in cold water, partially soluble in methanol, diethyl ether, Insoluble in N-octanol.
  • composition of the solvent agent As described herein, the preferred solvent for obtaining the extinguishing compound of the present invention is water.
  • a denser mixture or a sealant can be made by projecting the same amount of compound for a longer time on the same surface, or by increasing the percentage of the product.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a fire-extinguishing system which is based on an extinguishing compound that is formed by a reaction essentially originated by a base component that comprises two types of polymers, namely a first polymer that is faster and lighter, and a second polymer that is heavier and slower, and a third compound formed by an aliphatic amine, which are hydrolysed in a suitable medium at a given pH, wherein the base compound comprises a first compound A formed by an acrylic polymer that forms a salt with molecular formula [CH2-CH(COOH)]m-[CH2-CH(COONa)]n, N-Heptane and water, and a compound B formed by a second superabsorbent polymer with molecular formula (C3H3NaO2)n and water and an aliphatic amide, preferably CO(NH2)2.

Description

SISTEMA PARA EXTINCION DE INCENDIOS  FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM
OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓN OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
Según la invención, el sistema para extinción de incendios se basa esencialmente en la preparación de un compuesto base formado por una amida alifática y dos polímeros absorbentes que reaccionan químicamente en un medio líquido como agua.para obtener el compuesto resultante de la invención. According to the invention, the fire extinguishing system is essentially based on the preparation of a base compound formed by an aliphatic amide and two absorbent polymers that react chemically in a liquid medium such as water to obtain the resulting compound of the invention.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
El incendio consiste en la generación no deseada de una combustión, es decir un fuego fuera de control, y para ello es necesaria la presencia de un materia combustible que es la materia capaz de arder y que puede estar en cualquiera de las fases sólida, liquida y gaseosa; un comburente, que es el oxidante necesario para permitir que se produzca la reacción de oxidación, y una fuente de energía que en general es una fuente de calor. La propagación de un incendio se produce en base a lo que se conoce como reacción en cadena, producida como consecuencia del calor disipado en el ambiente que produce el calentamiento de otros productos combustibles y aporta la energía de activación precisa para que el proceso continúe. Como resultado del incendio, se generan productos derivados de la combustión, de manera que se puede distinguir entre combustión completa cuando se combina totalmente el combustible con el oxígeno generando C02 y vapor de agua sin dejar otros productos residuales, y combustión incompleta cuando esa combinación entre el combustible y el oxigeno es solamente parcial, en cuyo caso el resultado de la reacción es la generación de gas monóxido de carbono (CO), el cual es un asfixiante quimico muy peligroso para los seres vivos ya que puede provocar la muerte en muy poco tiempo. Adicionalmente, los humos calientes pueden ser también extremadamente tóxicos para los seres que habitan en el entorno del incendio. Como se comprenderá, dadas las consecuencias que en general pueden derivarse de la existencia de un incendio, es necesario llevar a cabo la extinción del mismo de la manera más rápida y eficaz posible a efectos de minimizar las eventuales consecuencias que puedan derivarse de dicho incendio. Se conocen en el estado de la técnica varios métodos para la extinción de un incendio que pueden resultar más o menos apropiados en función de las características de un incendio respectivo concreto. Así, un primer método consiste en la eliminación o la interrupción del material combustible o del flujo del mismo, de forma directa, retirando el material combustible o interrumpiendo el flujo del mismo (caso de combustibles líquidos o gaseosos) hacia el foco del incendio, o de forma indirecta, mediante la refrigeración de los elementos combustibles cercanos o la interposición de otros elementos incombustibles; un segundo método consiste en la eliminación del comburente en la zona del incendio, a cuyo efecto se recubre el material combustible para impedir su contacto con el aire, impidiendo la ventilación de la zona incendiada, utilizando gases inertes, o proyectando agua que al convertirse en vapor, desplaza el oxígeno del aire; un tercer método consiste en el enfriamiento o eliminación del calor en la zona incendiada, tal como con la utilización de agua que absorba el calor del combustible y que al evaporarse absorbe también una cierta cantidad de calor; y, un cuarto método consiste en la inhibición o interrupción de la reacción en cadena proyectando un producto química (por ejemplo, el polvo de los extintores), capaz de combinarse con los radicales libres producidos por la descomposición del combustible al arder, para impedir su reacción con el oxígeno. The fire consists of the unwanted generation of a combustion, that is to say a fire out of control, and for this it is necessary the presence of a combustible matter that is the material capable of burning and that can be in any of the solid, liquid phases and soda; an oxidizer, which is the oxidant necessary to allow the oxidation reaction to occur, and a source of energy that is generally a source of heat. The propagation of a fire occurs based on what is known as a chain reaction, produced as a consequence of the heat dissipated in the environment that produces the heating of other combustible products and provides the precise activation energy for the process to continue. As a result of the fire, products derived from combustion are generated, so that a distinction can be made between complete combustion when the fuel is totally combined with oxygen generating C0 2 and water vapor without leaving other residual products, and incomplete combustion when that combination between fuel and oxygen is only partial, in which case the result of the reaction is the generation of carbon monoxide gas (CO), which is a chemical asphyxiant very dangerous for living beings as it can cause death in very Little time. Additionally, hot fumes can also be extremely toxic to the beings that inhabit the fire environment. As will be understood, given the consequences that can generally derive from the existence of a fire, it is necessary to carry out its extinction as quickly and effectively as possible in order to minimize the possible consequences that may arise from said fire. Various methods for extinguishing a fire are known in the state of the art, which may be more or less appropriate depending on the characteristics of a particular fire. Thus, a first method consists of the elimination or the interruption of the combustible material or of the flow of the same, of direct form, removing the combustible material or interrupting the flow of the same (case of liquid or gaseous fuels) to the focus of the fire, or indirectly, by cooling the nearby fuel elements or the interposition of other incombustible elements; a second method consists of the elimination of the oxidizer in the area of the fire, for which purpose the combustible material is covered to prevent its contact with the air, preventing ventilation of the burned area, using inert gases, or projecting water that, when it becomes steam, displaces oxygen from the air; a third method consists in the cooling or elimination of the heat in the burned area, such as with the use of water that absorbs the heat of the fuel and that evaporates absorbs also a certain amount of heat; and, a fourth method consists of the inhibition or interruption of the chain reaction projecting a chemical product (for example, the powder of the extinguishers), capable of combining with the free radicals produced by the decomposition of the fuel when it burns, to prevent its reaction with oxygen.
Evidentemente, cuando se trata de proyectar un producto inhibidor del fuego sobre una zona incendiada, es deseable que el producto proyectado muestre unas características de extinción que puedan considerarse de eficacia óptima para lograr una extinción rápida y concluyente. En el estado de la técnica es bien conocido los sistemas de extinción de incendios por medio de polvos y geles, como por ejemplo en la solicitud de patente EP1 175921 de fecha 30 de Enero de 2002 que revela un sistema para controlar incendios, que comprende nanoparticulas de polvo de por lo menos dos compuestos de reacción (A, B), que se compactan por medio de presión o se disponen en capas en un volumen controlado; un microcentro explosivo y secciones explosivas; y un dispositivo cebador para iniciar el microcentro explosivo, y las secciones explosivas, en el que: dichos compuestos de reacción son capaces de reaccionar con oxigeno, de manera que se reduzca el oxígeno que se halle presente en el ambiente; dichos compuestos de reacción son capaces de reaccionar conjuntamente absorbiendo el calor de las llamas; y el dispositivo cebador es capaz de iniciar la explosión del microcentro explosivo como resultado del calor generado por el contacto con las llamas y/o como resultado de una brusca variación en la aceleración/impacto, o, una vez más, como resultado de una combinación de dichos fenómenos. Según la invención, las nanoparticulas de los dos diferentes compuestos de reacción se comprimen de forma separada o se mezclan en un volumen muy controlado de tan sólo unos pocos centímetros cúbicos. El calor inicia la explosión del explosivo, que pulveriza las nanoparticulas de polvo en el ambiente. El primer fenómeno de control de las llamas se debe a la extinción parcial debida al polvo. El segundo fenómeno se debe a la reacción química entre los polvos de compuestos seleccionados, cuyo contacto mutuo provoca reacciones que restan calor de las llamas. Por ejemplo, un compuesto podría ser bicarbonato sódico, y el otro, bicarbonato potásico. El tercer efecto es la extracción de oxigeno de las llamas. Después de la nebulización debida a la explosión, las nanopartlculas se expanden, reaccionando con rapidez con el oxigeno presente en el ambiente. Obviously, when it comes to projecting a fire-inhibiting product on a burnt area, it is desirable that the projected product show extinction characteristics that can be considered to be of optimum efficiency to achieve rapid and conclusive extinction. In the state of the art it is well known fire extinguishing systems by means of powders and gels, as for example in the patent application EP1 175921 dated January 30, 2002 which discloses a system for controlling fires, comprising nanoparticles of powder of at least two reaction compounds (A, B), which are compacted by means of pressure or are arranged in layers in a controlled volume; an explosive microcenter and explosive sections; and a primer device for initiating the explosive microcenter, and the explosive sections, wherein: said reaction compounds are capable of reacting with oxygen, so as to reduce the oxygen that is present in the environment; said reaction compounds are capable of reacting together by absorbing the heat of the flames; and the initiating device is capable of initiating the explosion of the explosive microcenter as a result of the heat generated by contact with the flames and / or as a result of a sharp variation in acceleration / impact, or, again, as a result of a combination of such phenomena. According to the invention, the nanoparticles of the two different reaction compounds are compressed separately or mixed in a highly controlled volume of only a few cubic centimeters. The heat initiates the explosion of the explosive, which pulverizes the nanoparticles of dust in the environment. The first phenomenon of flame control is due to the partial extinction due to dust. The second phenomenon is due to the chemical reaction between the powders of selected compounds, whose mutual contact causes reactions that subtract heat from the flames. For example, one compound could be sodium bicarbonate, and the other, potassium bicarbonate. The third effect is the extraction of oxygen from the flames. After the nebulization due to the explosion, the nanoparticles expand, reacting quickly with the oxygen present in the environment.
La solicitud de patente ES2223281 revela un producto ignifugante para madera y sus derivados a base de sales inorgánicas hidrosolubles y la optimización de su tratamiento mediante la aplicación de ciclos de vacio-presión en un autoclave. El ignifugante desarrollado es un producto hidrosoluble de muy fácil preparación formado por una mezcla de los siguientes compuestos inorgánicos: sulfato amónico, ácido bórico y bórax, en las proporciones en peso seco que se detallan a continuación:- Sulfato amónico: 90-50%, Ácido bórico: 40-5% y Bórax: 30-2% El mecanismo de actuación de las sales es diferente entre ellas, produciendo un efecto sinérgico.EI sulfato amónico es una sal ampliamente utilizada en la elaboración de fertilizantes, no es inflamable y descompone a los 515°C, actúa desprendiendo gases no combustibles (nitrógeno) que al mezclarse con los gases combustibles, disminuyen su proporción en el aire, dificultando el proceso de combustión. The patent application ES2223281 discloses a flame-retardant product for wood and its derivatives based on water-soluble inorganic salts and the optimization of its treatment by applying vacuum-pressure cycles in an autoclave. The flame retardant developed is a water-soluble product of very easy preparation formed by a mixture of the following inorganic compounds: ammonium sulphate, boric acid and borax, in the proportions in dry weight that are detailed next: - Ammonium sulphate: 90-50%, Boric acid: 40-5% and Borax: 30-2% The mechanism of action of the salts is different between them, producing a synergistic effect. The ammonium sulfate is a salt widely used in the manufacture of fertilizers, it is not flammable and decomposes at 515 ° C, it acts by releasing non-combustible gases (nitrogen) that, when mixed with combustible gases, decrease their proportion in the air, making the combustion process difficult.
El ácido bórico es una sustancia no combustible que se emplea en la fabricación de vidrio resistente al calor (borosilicato) y en metalurgia como fundente para soldar, también se emplea como retardante de llama en productos textiles y en el control de hongos de frutos cítricos; actúa fundiéndose y tapando los poros de la madera, formando asi una capa protectora que impide el acceso del aire a su interior y la salida de gases combustibles. Boric acid is a non-combustible substance used in the manufacture of heat-resistant glass (borosilicate) and in metallurgy as a soldering flux, it is also used as a flame retardant in textile products and in the control of fungi of citrus fruits; It acts by melting and covering the pores of the wood, forming a protective layer that prevents access to the air inside and the exit of combustible gases.
Por último, el bórax es una sal no combustible empleada en la manufactura del vidrio y en la industria cerámica, asi como herbicida y esterilizante de suelos; actúa al igual que el ácido bórico fundiéndose y formando una capa aislante pero además poseé 10 moléculas de agua cristalizada por fórmula la cual retrasa la emisión de los gases combustibles. Por otro lado, la adición de bórax nos permite incrementar el pH de la disolución protectora, evitando así la oxidación acelerada de metales en contacto con la madera tratada. Tanto el bórax como el ácido bórico hacen que el producto tenga una actividad insecticida y fungicida, además de la descrita actividad ignífuga. Finally, borax is a non-combustible salt used in the manufacture of glass and in the ceramic industry, as well as herbicide and soil sterilizer; it acts like boric acid melting and forming an insulating layer but also I possess 10 molecules of water crystallized by formula which delays the emission of combustible gases. On the other hand, the addition of borax allows us to increase the pH of the protective solution, thus avoiding the accelerated oxidation of metals in contact with the treated wood. Both borax and boric acid make the product have an insecticidal and fungicidal activity, in addition to the described fire retardant activity.
La ventaja de la presente invención con respecto al estado de la técnica es que el compuesto de extinciónen proporciones que se pueden dosificar desde 1 a 10 gr/l de agua, se van depositando sobre los materiales combustibles, incendiados o no, de tal manera que incorporan una capa, espesa, ignifuga y viscosa, que se adhiere a las superficies, evitando la propagación del fuego. Este compuesto aisla el combustible del comburente, creando una barrera acuosa entre el combustible y el calor. Además experimenta una bajada de temperatura, por lo que extingue por sofocación y enfriamiento. La bajada de temperatura la experimenta por la acción de la amida. La mejora sustancial que introduce la aplicación de los componentes base de la presente invención es la velocidad y rendimiento de la formación del compuesto de extinción para combatir incendios desde el ataque directo con proyecciones de agua, donde se está formando en el mismo instante de empleo la mezclaextintora, la mezcla extintora se prepara en apenas unos segundos. The advantage of the present invention with respect to the state of the art is that the extinguishing compound in proportions that can be dosed from 1 to 10 g / l of water, is deposited on combustible materials, whether burned or not, in such a way that They incorporate a layer, thick, fireproof and viscous, which adheres to surfaces, preventing the spread of fire. This compound isolates the fuel from the oxidizer, creating an aqueous barrier between the fuel and the heat. It also experiences a drop in temperature, so it extinguishes by suffocation and cooling. The temperature drop is experienced by the action of the amide. The substantial improvement introduced by the application of the base components of the present invention is the speed and yield of the formation of the extinguishing compound for firefighting from the direct attack with water projections, where it is being formed at the same instant of use. Extinguishing mixture, the extinguishing mixture is prepared in just a few seconds.
La presente invención ha sido diseñada tomando en consideración estas características deseables, y en consecuencia, un primer objetivo de la misma consiste en la provisión de un sistema de extinción de incendios eficiente y apropiado para su utilización en cualquier tipo de incendio, que comprende un compuesto de base que reacciona en un medio liquido, con preferencia agua. The present invention has been designed taking into consideration these desirable characteristics, and consequently, a first objective thereof consists in the provision of an efficient fire extinguishing system suitable for use in any type of fire, comprising a compound of base that reacts in a liquid medium, preferably water.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención revela el desarrollo de un sistema para extinción de incendios tanto para uso forestal como urbano o industrial, que además aporta la ventaja adicional de servir como protector ignífugo para paredes, depósitos, vehículos y medios de transporte, así como cualquier tipo de maquinaria de aplicación industrial, además se adhiere a multitud de superficies ya sean vertical u horizontal. The present invention reveals the development of a system for fire extinguishing both for forestry and urban or industrial use, which also provides the additional advantage of serving as a fireproof protector for walls, tanks, vehicles and means of transport, as well as any type of machinery of industrial application, also adheres to many surfaces whether vertical or horizontal.
Según la invención, el sistema para extinción de incendios se basa esencialmente en la preparación de un compuesto de base que como se ha dicho, reacciona químicamente en un medio líquido para obtener el compuesto resultante de la invención, el cual se caracteriza porque el mencionado compuesto de base está formado esencialmente por una amida alifática [CO(NH2)2], y dos polímeros absorbentes, mezclados en una misma unidad. El medio en el que se produce la reacción es un medio liquido, con preferencia H2O. According to the invention, the fire extinguishing system is based essentially on the preparation of a base compound which, as said, reacts chemically in a liquid medium to obtain the resulting compound of the invention, which is characterized in that said compound of base is essentially formed by an aliphatic amide [CO (NH2) 2], and two absorbent polymers, mixed in the same unit. The medium in which the reaction occurs is a liquid medium, preferably H2O.
La reacción que tiene lugar es la hidrólisis del compuesto a un pH inferior a 6,2, de modo que para acelerar dicha reacción se pueden utilizar catalizadores que disminuyan el pH. La mezcla resultante del compuesto está prevista para apagar el fuego forestal en ataque directo y/o indirecto. En ataque indirecto se puede crear un cortafuego aplicando la mezcla extintora resultante sobre el terreno a proteger o a neutralizar para extinguir el fuego. En ataque directo o indirecto, el compuesto se esparce de manera tal que la presión no rompa las partículas durante la aplicación, estando indicado para medios terrestres y aéreos. Una vez el fuego contacta con la mezcla resultante entre el compuesto de base y el líquido acuoso, se produce una reacción química que genera vapor de agua (a mayor combustión, mayor evaporación), con lo que el comburente desaparece, impidiendo la combustión, y consiguiendo asi extinguir el fuego. Esta barrera de vapor de agua, permite que el aire se convierta en un aliado para la extinción y no en un enemigo como sucede hasta ahora, debido a que el vapor de agua es trasportado sobre otros focos de fuego, que por efecto de la condensación termina por ser sofocado. Por este motivo la mezcla resultante no tiene que ser aplicada homogéneamente sobre todo el terreno para conseguir la extinción, siendo suficiente que existan pequeñas dosis dispersas en el área a proteger. Hay que tener en cuenta que gracias a la duración del compuesto sobre el terreno una vez aplicado, impide la reactivación de segundos focos. The reaction that takes place is the hydrolysis of the compound at a pH lower than 6.2, so that catalysts that lower the pH can be used to accelerate said reaction. The resulting mixture of the compound is intended to extinguish forest fire in direct and / or indirect attack. In indirect attack you can create a firewall by applying the extinguishing mixture resulting on the ground to protect or neutralize to extinguish the fire. In direct or indirect attack, the compound is spread in such a way that the pressure does not break the particles during the application, being indicated for terrestrial and aerial means. Once the fire contacts the resulting mixture between the base compound and the aqueous liquid, a chemical reaction is generated that generates water vapor (the more combustion, the greater the evaporation), with which the oxidizer disappears, preventing combustion, and thus getting the fire extinguished. This barrier of water vapor, allows the air to become an ally for extinction and not an enemy as it happens up to now, because the water vapor is transported on other sources of fire, which due to the effect of condensation It ends up being suffocated. For this reason, the resulting mixture does not have to be applied homogeneously over the entire terrain to achieve extinction, being sufficient that there are small dispersed doses in the area to be protected. Keep in mind that thanks to the duration of the compound on the ground once applied, prevents the reactivation of second foci.
Otra característica de la invención prevé añadir al compuesto un colorante que permita identificar la zona impregnada. Another feature of the invention provides to add to the compound a dye that allows to identify the impregnated zone.
De acuerdo con otra aplicación del compuesto de la invención, resulta también útil como extintor doméstico REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓN According to another application of the compound of the invention, it is also useful as a domestic extinguisher PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
El sistema de extinción de incendios y protector ignífugo, se fundamenta en un compuesto de extinción que se formamediante una reacción esencialmente originadapor un componente base que comprende dos tipos de polímeros, un primer polímero más rápido y de menor peso y un segundo polímero que es de mayor peso y tarda más y un tercer compuestoformado por una amina alifática los cuales se hidrolizan en un medio adecuado a un pH determinado. The fire extinguishing system and flame retardant system is based on an extinguishing compound that is formed by a reaction essentially originated by a base component comprising two types of polymers, a faster and lighter first polymer and a second polymer that is greater weight and takes longer and a third compound formed by an aliphatic amine which are hydrolyzed in a suitable medium at a certain pH.
Por lo que el componente base comprende un compuesto A constituido por Un polímero acrílico que forma una sal de fórmula molecular[CH2-CH(COOH)]ÍT,-(CH2- CH(COONa)]nJN-Heptano y Agua en las siguientes proporciones en peso; [CH2-CH(COOH)],r-[CHrCH(COONa)]„ mayor o igual a 85% Thus, the base component comprises a compound A constituted by an acrylic polymer which forms a salt of molecular formula [CH 2 -CH (COOH)] T , - (CH 2 - CH (COONa)] n JN-Heptane and Water in the following proportions by weight; [CH 2 -CH (COOH)], r - [CHrCH (COONa)] "greater than or equal to 85%
N-Heptano Agua
Figure imgf000007_0001
N-Heptane Water
Figure imgf000007_0001
Un compuesto B formado por un segundo polimerosuper absorbente de formula molecular(C3H3Na02)n y agua en las siguientes proporciones en peso: A compound B formed by a second superabsorbent polymer of molecular formula (C3H3Na02) n and water in the following proportions by weight:
Figure imgf000007_0002
Figure imgf000007_0002
Una amida alifática preferentemente An aliphatic amide preferably
Figure imgf000007_0003
Figure imgf000007_0003
El medio es preferentemente agua  The medium is preferably water
La reacción que tiene lugar es la hidrólisis del compuesto base a un pH inferior a 6,2, de modo que para disminuir el pH se pueden emplear ácidos débiles que actúan como catalizadores para la reacción de hidrólisis. The reaction that takes place is the hydrolysis of the base compound at a pH lower than 6.2, so that weak acids which act as catalysts for the hydrolysis reaction can be used to lower the pH.
Las características físico-químicas de los compuestos son las siguientes: El polímero
Figure imgf000007_0004
una absorción mayor de 450 g/gy el polímero (CeHeNaC^n presenta una absorción de 63,7 g/g en presencia de una solución 0,9% de NaCI en agua. The physicochemical characteristics of the compounds are the following: The polymer
Figure imgf000007_0004
an absorption greater than 450 g / g and the polymer (CeHeNaC ^ n presents an absorption of 63.7 g / g in the presence of a 0.9% solution of NaCl in water.
La amida alifática de fórmula molecular en estado sólido, granulado, de color blanco
Figure imgf000007_0005
The aliphatic amide of molecular formula in solid state, granulated, white
Figure imgf000007_0005
PH (10% sol/agua): 8  PH (10% sun / water): 8
Inodoro: Levemente amoniacal.  Toilet: Slightly ammoniacal.
Punto de ebullición: Se descompone.  Boiling point: It decomposes.
Umbral de Olor: 17 ppm como amoniaco.  Odor threshold: 17 ppm as ammonia.
Punto de fusión: 132.7aC ( 270 9aF )  Melting point: 132.7aC (270 9aF)
Sabor: Salino.  Taste: Saline.
Temperatura crítica: No aplicable  Critical temperature: Not applicable
Solubilidad: Fácilmente soluble en agua caliente y soluble en agua fría, parcialmente soluble en metanol, éter dietílico, Insoluble en N-octanol. Solubility: Easily soluble in hot water and soluble in cold water, partially soluble in methanol, diethyl ether, Insoluble in N-octanol.
Observaciones especiales sobre reactividad: Absorbe la humedad del aire por su carácter higroscópico. Los polímeros absorbentes de formula general
Figure imgf000008_0002
[ ( )J [ { )] y
Figure imgf000008_0001
se caracterizan porque a mayor tamaño de la unidad se obtienen partículas hidrolizadas mayores, por lo que al aplicarlas con medios de presión la partícula se parte quedando inservible la mezcla extintora resultante. En consecuencia, es conveniente obtener una partícula muy fina o minúscula para que la partícula no se disperse mediante presión. Special observations on reactivity: Absorbs moisture from the air due to its hygroscopic nature. The absorbent polymers of general formula
Figure imgf000008_0002
[() J [{)] and
Figure imgf000008_0001
they are characterized because larger unit size produces larger hydrolyzed particles, so when applied with pressure means the particle is split leaving the resulting extinguishing mixture unusable. Consequently, it is convenient to obtain a very fine or tiny particle so that the particle does not disperse by pressure.
Composición del agente disolvente: Según se ha descrito a través de la presente memoria, el agente disolvente preferido para la obtención del compuesto de extinción de ia presente invención es agua. Composition of the solvent agent: As described herein, the preferred solvent for obtaining the extinguishing compound of the present invention is water.
Una vez obtenida la mezcla correspondiente al compuesto de extinción resultante, dicha mezcla puede ser aplicada en acción indirecta sobre el terreno que se pretende proteger, utilizando medios aéreos o terrestres, de forma que quede dispuesta sobre el terreno. Al tocar las llamas del incendio la mezcla extintora resultante, se produce una segunda reacción química que provoca la generación de vapor de agua, desapareciendo del fuego el comburente con lo que se impide la combustión, consiguiendo con este método extinguir el fuego y el incendio que no puede avanzar, por la línea trazada con la mezcla extintora resultante o en acción directa aplicando el compuesto extintor resultante sobre las llamas. Aún conforme con otra característica de la invención, se puede realizar una mezcla más densa o un sellante al proyectar la misma cantidad de compuesto durante más tiempo sobre la misma superficie, o al aumentar el porcentaje del producto. Once the mixture corresponding to the resulting extinguishing compound is obtained, said mixture can be applied indirectly on the ground to be protected, using aerial or terrestrial means, so that it is disposed on the ground. When touching the flames of the fire the resulting extinguishing mixture, a second chemical reaction occurs that causes the generation of water vapor, disappearing from the fire the comburent with which combustion is prevented, achieving with this method to extinguish the fire and the fire that it can not advance, by the line drawn with the resulting extinguishing mixture or in direct action by applying the resulting extinguishing compound on the flames. Still in accordance with another feature of the invention, a denser mixture or a sealant can be made by projecting the same amount of compound for a longer time on the same surface, or by increasing the percentage of the product.

Claims

R E I V I N D I C A C I O N E S 1.- Sistema para extinción de incendios diseñado para la extinción y/o la propagación de incendios que incluye un compuesto de base y un medio líquido para formar un compuesto de extinción que se caracteriza porque el compuesto de base comprende: un compuesto A constituido por CLAIMS 1.- System for extinguishing fires designed for the extinction and / or propagation of fires that includes a compound of base and a liquid medium to form an extinction compound characterized in that the base compound comprises: a compound A constituted by
Un polímero acrllico que forma una sal de fórmula molecular
Figure imgf000009_0002
An acrylic polymer that forms a salt of molecular formula
Figure imgf000009_0002
y agua en las siguientes proporciones en peso; and water in the following proportions by weight;
Figure imgf000009_0007
Figure imgf000009_0001
mayor o igual a 85%
Figure imgf000009_0007
Figure imgf000009_0001
greater than or equal to 85%
Figure imgf000009_0004
Figure imgf000009_0004
Un compuesto B constituido por un segundo polímero super absorbente de formula molecular y agua en las siguientes proporciones en peso:A compound B constituted by a second superabsorbent polymer of molecular formula and water in the following proportions by weight:
Figure imgf000009_0006
Figure imgf000009_0006
Figure imgf000009_0003
Figure imgf000009_0003
Una amida alifática preferentemente y donde el medio es preferentemente agua An aliphatic amide preferably and wherein the medium is preferably water
Figure imgf000009_0005
Figure imgf000009_0005
2.- Sistema para extinción de incendios según la reivindicación 1 que se caracteriza por que el pH debe ser menor a 6, 2 unidades. 2. System for extinguishing fires according to claim 1, characterized in that the pH must be less than 6.2 units.
3.- Sistema para extinción de incendios según la reivindicaciones 1 y 2 que se caracteriza por que se emplean ácidos débiles al compuesto base. 3. System for extinguishing fires according to claims 1 and 2 characterized in that acids are used weak to the base compound.
4.- Sistema para extinción de incendios según la reivindicación 1 que se caracteriza por que los polímeros absorbentes de formula general : y
Figure imgf000010_0002
4. System for extinguishing fires according to claim 1 characterized in that the absorbent polymers of general formula: and
Figure imgf000010_0002
están formados por partículas muy finas. They are formed by very fine particles.
Figure imgf000010_0001
Figure imgf000010_0001
PCT/ES2017/000124 2017-10-06 2017-10-06 Fire-extinguishing system WO2019068941A1 (en)

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