EP2798095B1 - Pressure masking systems and methods for using the same - Google Patents

Pressure masking systems and methods for using the same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2798095B1
EP2798095B1 EP12818755.6A EP12818755A EP2798095B1 EP 2798095 B1 EP2798095 B1 EP 2798095B1 EP 12818755 A EP12818755 A EP 12818755A EP 2798095 B1 EP2798095 B1 EP 2798095B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
target surface
pressurized masking
cleaning
fluid
passageway
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP12818755.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2798095A2 (en
Inventor
Mark Carmine BELLINO
Jonathan Matthew LOMAS
Matthew Paul BERKEBILE
Eunice Delia REYES
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US13/339,449 external-priority patent/US8887662B2/en
Priority claimed from US13/339,468 external-priority patent/US20130167870A1/en
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Publication of EP2798095A2 publication Critical patent/EP2798095A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2798095B1 publication Critical patent/EP2798095B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/01—Selective coating, e.g. pattern coating, without pre-treatment of the material to be coated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
    • F01D5/288—Protective coatings for blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05D2300/611—Coating

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein relate to masking systems. Other embodiments relate to to pressure masking systems for cleaning articles with passageways.
  • gas turbine engines such as aircraft engines for example
  • air is drawn into the front of the engine, compressed by a shaft-mounted rotary-type compressor, and mixed with fuel.
  • the mixture is burned, and the hot exhaust gases are passed through a turbine mounted on a shaft.
  • the flow of gas turns the turbine, which turns the shaft and drives the compressor and fan.
  • the hot exhaust gases flow from the back of the engine, driving it and the aircraft forward.
  • the temperatures of combustion gases may exceed 3000°F (about 1650°C), considerably higher than the melting temperatures of the metal parts of the engine which are in contact with these gases. Operation of these engines at gas temperatures that are above the metal part melting temperatures is a well-established art, and depends in part on supplying a cooling air to the outer surfaces of the metal parts through various methods.
  • the metal parts of these engines that are particularly subject to high temperatures, and thus require particular attention with respect to cooling, are the metal parts forming combustors and parts located aft of the combustor.
  • the metal temperatures can be maintained below melting levels by using passageways such as cooling holes incorporated into some engine components.
  • a thermal barrier coatings may also be applied to the component by a pressure coating process (e.g., a thermal spray process).
  • a pressure coating process e.g., a thermal spray process
  • the thermal spray process and other cleaning processes e.g., grit blasting, shot peening, water jet washing
  • overspray that partially or completely blocks the component's cooling holes.
  • present coating e.g., thermal spray
  • cleaning processes involve a multi-step, highly labor intensive process of applying a partial layer of TBC coating, allowing the component and the TBC to sufficiently cool to a temperature at which the component can easily be handled, removing the component from an application fixture on which the thermal spraying takes place, and removing any masking, which is then followed by separately removing the well-cooled, solidified coating from the cooling holes using a water jet or other cleaning methods.
  • a fraction of the desired TBC thickness is applied prior to cleaning. As a result, the entire process must typically be repeated several times until the desired TBC thickness is reached.
  • EP 1645363 A1 discloses a smoothing process that smooths the surface of a component such as a turbine blade by jet treatment with a high pressure fluid jet containing solid particles. While the component is being treated by the high pressure fluid jet, it is kept in a fluid-filled container.
  • the fluid container has a fluid input and a solid particle input.
  • a method in accordance with the invention as hereinafter claimed of pressure cleaning a target surface of an article comprising one or more passageways comprises the steps of claim 10 below.
  • a pressurized masking system in accordance with the invention as hereinafter claimed for cleaning a target surface of an article comprising passageways comprises the features of claim 1 below.
  • Pressurized masking systems disclosed herein generally comprise a pressure masker, and a part cleaner to clean the target surface of an article comprising passageways. While the part cleaner projects cleaning material towards the target surface, pressurized masking fluid is fluidly connected to the passageways and passed there through to prevent the permanent altering of a cross sectional area of the passageways by the cleaning material. Pressurized masking systems, and methods of pressure cleaning a target surface of an article, will be discussed in more detail herein.
  • a pressurized masking system 100 comprising a part cleaner 20 and a pressure masker 30 for cleaning an article 10.
  • the article 10 comprises one or more passageways 12 passing through the article 10 from a first side 18 to a second side 19.
  • the article 10 can comprise a variety of different parts such as a combustor liner or other component of a gas turbine engine.
  • the article 10 can comprise a turbine component such as a hot gas path component or a combustion component.
  • the passageways 12 can comprise any passage through the article 10 (passing from the first side 18 to the second side 19) that is intended to remain open (such that air can pass through) when the article 10 is in use.
  • the passageways 12 may comprise cooling holes.
  • the second side 19 of the article 10 comprises a target surface 11 that is to be cleaned.
  • the target surface 11 may be cleaned prior to first use, during routine or repair maintenance, or as otherwise necessary depending on the life of the article 10.
  • cleaned refers to stripping, washing and/or treating the target surface such as through grit blasting, shot peening, water jet washing or the like as will become appreciated herein.
  • the target surface 11 of the article 10 may comprise a coating 22 or other debris that is to be removed prior to applying a fresh coating.
  • the target surface 11 of the article 10 may have or will have a thermal barrier coating ("TBC") disposed thereon.
  • TBC thermal barrier coating
  • the TBC can comprise one or more layers of metal and/or ceramic coating material applied to the target surface 11 of the article 10 to impede the transfer of heat from hot combustion gases to the article 10, thus insulating the component from the hot combustion gas.
  • the presence of the TBC on the surface permits the combustion gas to be hotter than would otherwise be possible with the particular material and fabrication process of the component.
  • Any suitable composition of TBC may be applied.
  • the TBC can comprise a bond layer of MCrAlY, wherein M is preferably Ni, Co, or a combination thereof, followed by a layer of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ).
  • the article 10 may be disposed on a support stand 15 prior to or during the pressure cleaning as will become appreciated herein.
  • the support stand 15 may be stationary or mobile (e.g., rotatable) and position the article 10 relative to the part cleaner 20 and the pressure masker 30 when cleaning the target surface 11 of the article 10.
  • the pressurized masking system 100 further comprises the part cleaner 20.
  • the part cleaner 20 comprises any device that projects a cleaning material 25 towards the target surface 11 of the article 10.
  • the part cleaner 20 can comprise a grit blaster.
  • the cleaning material 25 can comprise pressurized air with aluminum oxide, walnut shells, dry ice, charcoal, or any other particulates dispersed therein.
  • the part cleaner 20 can comprise a shot peening device.
  • the cleaning material 25 can comprise pressurized air with metallic, glass or ceramic particles dispersed therein.
  • the part cleaner 20 may comprise a pressure washer.
  • the cleaning material 25 may comprise water with or without an additional abrasive material.
  • the part cleaner 20 may be disposed at any position relative to the article 10 that allows for the cleaning of the target surface 11.
  • the article 10 may be disposed on a support stand 15 adjacent the part cleaner 20.
  • the support stand 15 may then be able to rotate or otherwise displace the article 10 with respect to the part cleaner 20 and/or the part cleaner 20 may be able to articulate with respect to the article 10.
  • the part cleaner 20 may then be used to project the cleaning material 25 towards the target surface 11 of the article 10.
  • some of the cleaning material 25 may enter one or more of the passageways 12 from the second side 19 of the article 10.
  • some of the cleaning material 25, and more particularly any particulates e.g., sand, shot, abrasives, etc.
  • the part cleaner 20 may be used for a variety of applications to clean the target surface 11 of the article 10.
  • the part cleaner 20 may be used to remove dirt or other contaminants prior to applying a new coat.
  • the part cleaner 20 may be used to remove a previously applied coating that has since been worn and/or damaged.
  • the part cleaner 20 may be used to remove part or all of a TBC on the target surface 11 before reapplying or rejuvenating the TBC.
  • the part cleaner 20 may be used to remove one or more metallic coatings, contamination layers (e.g., rust, dirt, oxidation, etc.), diffused layers or other unwanted layers. While specific embodiments have been presented herein, it should be appreciated that these are exemplary only and any other application of the part cleaner 20 as part of the pressurized masking system 100 may also be realized.
  • the pressurized masking system 100 further comprises a pressure masker 30.
  • the pressure masker 30 comprises a fluid connection 31 that fluidly connects a source of masking fluid 35 to at least one passageway 12 of the article 10.
  • fluid connection refers to a connection that allows the pressurized masking fluid 35 to pass from the pressure masker 30 to the passageway 12 with negligent loss to the outside environment.
  • the fluid connection can comprise, for example, flexible tubes, hoses, pipes or any other conduit that directs the passage of the pressurized masking fluid 35 to the one or more passageways 12.
  • the fluid connection 31 may comprise a tube that directly connects the output of the pressure masker 30 to the first side 18 of the passageway 12.
  • the fluid connection 31 may comprise a single tube between the pressure masker 30 and a single passageway 12 (such as that illustrated in FIG. 2 ).
  • the fluid connection may comprise a single tube leaving the pressure masker 30 that breaks off into segments that connect to a plurality of passageways 12 (such as that illustrated in FIG. 1 ).
  • the fluid connection 31 may comprise a plurality of tubes leaving the pressure masker 30 that connects to a single or a plurality of passageways 12.
  • the fluid connection 31 may comprise a plurality of channels of similar or dissimilar pressurized masking fluids 35 that connect to two or more passageways.
  • the plurality of channels may comprise different pressures, temperatures, directions or mixtures of pressurized masking fluids 35.
  • the fluid connection 31 of the invention comprises a multi-outlet manifold connection 40 comprising an internal passage 41 that can receive pressurized masking fluid 35 from the pressure masker 30 and fluidly distribute it to one or more passageways.
  • the multi-outlet manifold connection 40 can thereby attach directly to the first side 18 of the article 10 and distribute the pressurized masking fluid 35 to a wide area about the article 10. Any passageways 12 within that area will thereby have pressurized masking fluid 35 fluidly pass there through.
  • the pressurized masking fluid 35 can comprise any medium that can pass through the passageway 12 with a positive energy and prevent the permanent altering of a cross sectional area of the at least one passageway by the cleaning material 25 (or particulates thereof).
  • "prevent the permanent altering of a cross sectional area" refers to removing and/or preventing substantially all of the cleaning material 25 that may enter the passageway 12 so that the cross sectional area of the passageway is not substantially reduced by a permanent obstruction 32 or increased due to erosion, deformation or the like.
  • obstructions that would permanently alter the cross sectional area of the passageway 12 include, for example, large particulates lodged against a wall, a clumping of cleaning material 25 or the like.
  • the pressurized masking fluid 35 may thereby comprise any material that can be forced through the one or more passageways 12 at a masking pressure to impact on and remove potential obstructions 32 from the cleaning material 25 that would alter the cross sectional area.
  • the pressurized masking fluid 35 may comprise a gas such as inert gas or nitrogen.
  • a gas such as inert gas or nitrogen.
  • the pressurized masking fluid 35 may comprise water with or without abrasives distributed therein.
  • the part cleaner 20 comprises a water jet or similar device. While specific embodiments of pressurized masking fluid and part cleaners have been presented herein, it should be appreciated that additional and alternative pressurized masking fluids and part cleaners may also be realized.
  • the pressurized masking fluid 35 may comprise a masking pressure that is greater than, equal to, or less than a cleaning pressure of the cleaning material so long as the pressurized masking fluid 35 has enough energy to remove obstructions 32 from the passageways 12.
  • the masking pressure may comprise a negative pressure (such as via a vacuum or suction element on the second side 19 of the article 10 such that the negative pressure pulls the pressurized masking fluid 35 through the passageway 12.
  • the masking pressure may comprise a variable pressure that fluctuates during the masking process.
  • the pressure masker 30 thereby passes the pressurized masking fluid 35 through the at least one passageway 12 at a masking pressure from the first side 18 to the second side 19 (wherein the second side 19 comprises the target surface 11 of the article 10 that is to be cleaned).
  • the part cleaner cleans the target surface 11 of the article 10 by projecting cleaning material 25 towards the target surface.
  • some of the cleaning material 25 may enter one or more passageways 12 and form one or more obstructions 32.
  • the obstructions 32 may comprise a grouping of particulates from the cleaning material that would decrease the cross sectional area of the passageway 12 and reduce the amount of air that could flow there through.
  • the pressurized masking fluid 35 will contact the obstruction 32 and push it back out of the passageway 12.
  • the pressurized masking fluid 35 may prevent any obstructions 32 from even entering the passageways 12 via the pressurized masking fluid 35 exiting the passageway 12 on the second side 19 of the article 10.
  • a method 200 for pressure cleaning a target surface 11 of an article 10 comprising one or more passageways 12.
  • the method 200 first comprises fluidly connecting the pressure masker 30 to a first side 18 of at least one passageway 12 of the article 10 in step 210.
  • the fluid connection 31 comprises a multi-outlet manifold connection 40 and connect the pressure masker 30 to any number of passageways 12.
  • the pressure masker 30 then passes pressurized masking fluid 35 through the at least one passageway from the first side 18 to the second side 19 in step 220.
  • the part cleaner 20 cleans the target surface 11 on the second side 19 of the article 10 by projecting cleaning material 25 towards the target surface 11 in step 230.
  • passing pressurized masking fluid 35 through the at least one passageway 12 in step 220 and cleaning the target surface 11 in step 230 may start and end simultaneously in or with relative delay.
  • the pressurized masking fluid 35 may be passing through the passageway 12 in step 20 prior to the initiation of cleaning the target surface 11 in step 230.
  • Such embodiments may prevent a buildup of obstructions 32 prior to activation of the pressure masker 30.
  • the pressurized masking fluid 35 may continue to pass through the passageway 12 in step 220 after the article 10 is cleaned in step 230. Such embodiments may help ensure any obstacles 32 remaining in the passageways 12 after cleaning is complete in step 230 are still removed by the pressurized masking fluid 35.
  • Another embodiment relates to a method of pressure cleaning a target surface of an article comprising one or more passageways.
  • the method comprises fluidly connecting a pressure masker comprising pressurized masking fluid to a first side of at least one passageway, and passing the pressurized masking fluid through the at least one passageway from the first side to a second side comprising the target surface.
  • the method further comprises cleaning the target surface by projecting a cleaning material towards the target surface.
  • the pressurized masking fluid passing through the at least one passageway prevents the cleaning material from permanently altering a cross sectional area of the at least one passageway.
  • the fluid connection comprises a multi-outlet manifold connection that connects to the first side and comprises an internal passage.
  • the internal passage receives the pressurized masking fluid and fluidly distributes it to one or more passageways.
  • the pressurized masking fluid comprises a gas, e.g., nitrogen.
  • the method comprises cleaning the target surface by projecting the cleaning material towards the target surface.
  • a grit blaster or shot peening device cleans the target surface using the cleaning material.
  • the passageway comprises a cooling hole.
  • the pressurized masking fluid comprises a liquid.
  • the liquid comprises abrasives.
  • the method comprises cleaning the target surface by projecting the cleaning material towards the target surface.
  • a water jet cleans the target surface using the cleaning material.
  • the method comprises cleaning the target surface by projecting the cleaning material towards the target surface.
  • the pressurized masking fluid continues to pass through the at least one passageway after cleaning the target surface is complete.
  • the method comprises cleaning the target surface by projecting the cleaning material towards the target surface.
  • the pressurized masking fluid passes through the at least one passageway at a masking pressure that is less than a cleaning pressure of the cleaning material.
  • the pressurized masking system comprises a pressure masker configured to fluidly connect to a first side of at least one passageway of the article and to pass a pressurized masking fluid through the passageway from the first side to a second side.
  • the second side comprises the target surface.
  • the system further comprises a part cleaner configured to project a cleaning material towards the target surface.
  • the pressurized masking fluid prevents the cleaning material from permanently altering a cross sectional area of the at least one passageway.
  • the fluid connection comprises a multi-outlet manifold connection that connects to the first side of the article and comprises an internal passage.
  • the internal passage receives the pressurized masking fluid and fluidly distributes it to one or more passageways.
  • the pressurized masking fluid comprises a gas or a liquid, e.g., the liquid comprising abrasives.
  • the part cleaner comprises a grit blaster.
  • the part cleaner comprises a shot peening device.
  • the part cleaner comprises a water jet.
  • the pressurized masking fluid passes through the at least one passageway at a masking pressure that is less than a cleaning pressure of the cleaning material.
  • the target surface comprises a thermal barrier coating.
  • the at least one passageway comprises a cooling hole.
  • the article comprises a turbine component.
  • pressurized masking systems may be used to clean the target surface of an article while preventing the permanent altering of a cross sectional area of one or more passageways.
  • a fluid connection comprising a multi-outlet manifold connection between the pressure masker and the one or more passageways can prevent the need for physical masking barriers such as tape, wax, or the like, potentially providing a more efficient cleaning system.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Details Or Accessories Of Spraying Plant Or Apparatus (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)
EP12818755.6A 2011-12-29 2012-12-27 Pressure masking systems and methods for using the same Active EP2798095B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/339,449 US8887662B2 (en) 2011-12-29 2011-12-29 Pressure masking systems and methods for using the same
US13/339,468 US20130167870A1 (en) 2011-12-29 2011-12-29 Pressure masking systems and methods for using the same
PCT/US2012/071798 WO2013101921A2 (en) 2011-12-29 2012-12-27 Pressure masking systems and methods for using the same

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2798095A2 EP2798095A2 (en) 2014-11-05
EP2798095B1 true EP2798095B1 (en) 2022-07-20

Family

ID=47604140

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12818755.6A Active EP2798095B1 (en) 2011-12-29 2012-12-27 Pressure masking systems and methods for using the same

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2798095B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP6220346B2 (ja)
CN (1) CN104024465A (ja)
WO (1) WO2013101921A2 (ja)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6235449B2 (ja) * 2014-12-03 2017-11-22 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 溶射皮膜形成方法、タービン用高温部品、タービン、溶射皮膜形成用マスキングピン及びマスキング部材
CN106269648A (zh) * 2016-08-29 2017-01-04 中航动力股份有限公司 一种热障涂层的陶瓷层去除方法
US10829845B2 (en) * 2017-01-06 2020-11-10 General Electric Company Selective thermal coating of cooling holes with air flow
FR3070693B1 (fr) * 2017-09-07 2022-06-10 Safran Procede et dispositif de depot de revetement pour des composants multi-perfores de moteur d'aeronef avec soufflage des events
US10882158B2 (en) * 2019-01-29 2021-01-05 General Electric Company Peening coated internal surfaces of turbomachine components
JP2022103672A (ja) * 2020-12-28 2022-07-08 三菱重工航空エンジン株式会社 遮熱コーティングの施工方法及び耐熱部材

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US4402992A (en) * 1981-12-07 1983-09-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Covering solid, film cooled surfaces with a duplex thermal barrier coating
FR2680120B1 (fr) * 1991-08-08 1995-03-24 Snecma Procede et dispositif de revetement de surfaces munies de perforations par projection, notamment pour la metallisation par du plasma.
DE59801545D1 (de) * 1997-11-03 2001-10-25 Siemens Ag Beschichtungsverfahren und vorrichtung
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EP1645363A1 (de) * 2004-10-05 2006-04-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Glätten der Oberfläche eines Bauteils
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US8460760B2 (en) * 2010-11-30 2013-06-11 United Technologies Corporation Coating a perforated surface

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP6220346B2 (ja) 2017-10-25
JP2015509828A (ja) 2015-04-02
EP2798095A2 (en) 2014-11-05
CN104024465A (zh) 2014-09-03
WO2013101921A2 (en) 2013-07-04
WO2013101921A3 (en) 2013-10-10

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