EP2794449A1 - Safety device for an elevator having several cabs - Google Patents

Safety device for an elevator having several cabs

Info

Publication number
EP2794449A1
EP2794449A1 EP12798731.1A EP12798731A EP2794449A1 EP 2794449 A1 EP2794449 A1 EP 2794449A1 EP 12798731 A EP12798731 A EP 12798731A EP 2794449 A1 EP2794449 A1 EP 2794449A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
safety device
elevator
cabin
distance
braking
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP12798731.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2794449B2 (en
EP2794449B1 (en
Inventor
Astrid Sonnenmoser
Hans Kocher
Jean-Philippe Escher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Inventio AG
Original Assignee
Inventio AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
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Application filed by Inventio AG filed Critical Inventio AG
Priority to PL12798731T priority Critical patent/PL2794449T5/en
Priority to EP12798731.1A priority patent/EP2794449B2/en
Publication of EP2794449A1 publication Critical patent/EP2794449A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2794449B1 publication Critical patent/EP2794449B1/en
Publication of EP2794449B2 publication Critical patent/EP2794449B2/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/0006—Monitoring devices or performance analysers
    • B66B5/0018—Devices monitoring the operating condition of the elevator system
    • B66B5/0031—Devices monitoring the operating condition of the elevator system for safety reasons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B1/00—Control systems of elevators in general
    • B66B1/24—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B1/00—Control systems of elevators in general
    • B66B1/24—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration
    • B66B1/28—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration electrical
    • B66B1/30—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration electrical effective on driving gear, e.g. acting on power electronics, on inverter or rectifier controlled motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B1/00—Control systems of elevators in general
    • B66B1/24—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration
    • B66B1/28—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration electrical
    • B66B1/32—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration electrical effective on braking devices, e.g. acting on electrically controlled brakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
    • B66B5/04—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions for detecting excessive speed
    • B66B5/06—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions for detecting excessive speed electrical

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an elevator with two independently movable cabins and with a safety device for avoiding a collision between the two cabins according to the subject-matter of the independent claim.
  • a safety device which takes account of the aforementioned problem.
  • This safety device prevents a collision between two cabins by the safety device monitors whether the cabs keep a critical safety distance. When falling below this critical safety distance, the safety device initiates an emergency stop. The safety device continues to monitor the distance between the two cabs when performing the emergency stop. If, despite the emergency stop, a further approach of the cabins takes place and a minimum safety distance is undershot, the safety device initiates a traction braking.
  • the above safety device has been further refined in European Patent 1 698 580 AI.
  • the safety device continuously monitors a critical safety distance and possibly a minimum safety distance and initiates when falling below the respective safety distance according to an emergency stop or a fall arrest.
  • these safety distances can be determined on the basis of a predefinable emergency stop triggering curve and a predefinable catch-triggering curve.
  • This has the advantage that in each case a speed-dependent critical or minimum safety distance can be determined for a current driving speed of a car. Accordingly, the cabs can continue to approach at a lower driving speed without a braking action being initiated. This allows, in particular, an approach of the cabins to two adjacent floors.
  • the elevator comprises a first and a second cabin, which are movable along a common roadway, a safety device with which the two cabins can be monitored, and a shaft information system, which is connected to the safety device and with which the speed and position of the two cabins can be determined are.
  • a first braking action can be initiated when the two cars fall below a safe distance.
  • the elevator is characterized in that a deceleration curve for the at least first cabin can be predetermined by means of the safety device when the first braking measure is initiated.
  • a second braking measure can be introduced through the at least first cabin.
  • the safety device specifies a deceleration curve for the first car. As a result, the distance between the first car and the second car no longer needs to be monitored. During the deceleration, the safety device compares only the speed of the first car with the predetermined speed value of the deceleration curve per distance traveled. This simple value comparison places relatively low demands on the computing capacity of the security device.
  • the deceleration curve is calculated directly upon initiation of the first braking action by a program which can be executed in a processor of the safety device and can be predetermined for the at least first cabin.
  • Fig. 1 an elevator with a safety device for preventing a collision between two along a common lane independently movable cabins.
  • Fig. 2 path-speed curves of two successively departing cabs upon intervention of the safety device
  • Fig. 3 path-speed curves of two approaching cabs upon intervention of the safety device.
  • FIG. 1 shows an elevator 1 with at least two cabins 2, 3. Each of these cabins 2, 3 can be moved independently substantially along a common roadway.
  • the roadway is defined by a pair of car guide rails 5.1, 5.2 installed in a hoistway 4.
  • the cabins 2, 3 are each suspended on a support means 8, 9.1, 9.2.
  • the suspension ratio of 1: 1 shown here is a common suspension ratio in elevator construction.
  • the skilled person is free to choose a deviating higher suspension ratio of 2: 1, 3: 1 or higher.
  • the upper car 2 is suspended at a first suspension point 21 on a first support means 8.
  • the suspension point 21 preferably lies centrally on the upper side of the upper car 2. From the first suspension point 21, the suspension element extends upwards into the upper region of the elevator shaft 4. There, the first suspension element 8 runs over a first traction sheave. By means of the traction sheave and optional first pulleys, the first support means 8 is again guided down to a first counterweight. The first counterweight is also suspended from the first support means 8 and balances the weight of the upper car 2.
  • a lower cabin 3 is attached to second and third Aumticianungsticianen 31.1, 31.2 on a second support means, which comprises two second suspension element strands 9.1, 9.2.
  • the lower cabin 3 is preferably suspended in its lower region on opposite sides on the second suspension element strands 9.1, 9.2. From the second and third suspension points 31.1, 31.2, the suspension element strands 9.1, 9.2 extend laterally past the upper cabin 2 upwards into the upper region of the elevator shaft 4. There, the second suspension element strands 9.1, 9.2 run over second traction sheaves. By means of the second traction sheaves and optional second deflection rollers, the second suspension element strands 9.1, 9.2 are again guided downwards to a second counterweight. The second counterweight is finally also suspended from the second suspension element strands 9.1, 9.2 and balances the weight of the lower elevator car 3 from.
  • the first and second traction sheaves are each driven by a first and second drive.
  • the first and second drives transmitted by means of the respectively associated traction sheave drive torque to the first and second support means 8, 9.1, 9.2. Accordingly, the two cabins 2, 3 largely independent of each other by an associated drive movable.
  • the first and second drives each have an associated engine and each have an associated drive brake.
  • an elevator control 6 which controls the two drives of the cabins 2, 3.
  • a passenger calls a car 2, 3 on a floor.
  • these call input devices are designed as destination call input devices.
  • a passenger In the operation of such a destination call input device, a passenger not only displays his location at a floor on which he waits for a car 2, 3, but also notifies the elevator controller 6 of his desired destination floor.
  • the elevator control 6 assigns a suitable car 2, 3 to this call and moves the allocated car 2, 3 to the floor and finally to the destination floor.
  • the elevator control 6 controls the motor and the drive brake of the allocated cabin 2, 3 associated drive.
  • the elevator 1 has a shaft information system.
  • This shaft information system comprises, for example, a code strip 7 with code marks and per cable. bine 2, 3 a sensor 24, 34 for reading the code marks.
  • the code strip 7 is mounted along the carriageway in the elevator shaft 4.
  • the code marks preferably represent a unique, unmistakable position information.
  • Speed information can be generated by means of an evaluation of the position information over time.
  • the shaft information system thus provides at least information about its position and speed of the elevator control 6 and the safety device 22, 32 for each car 2, 3.
  • the safety device 22, 32 evaluates the position information and / or speed information received from the sensors 24, 34. This also includes the calculation of a distance between the cars 2, 3 from their position information.
  • the shaft information system has a distance sensor 25, which is arranged on the upper car 2.
  • this distance sensor 25 the distance to the lower cabin 3 can be detected.
  • the lower cabin 3 can be equipped with a distance sensor 36, with which a distance to the adjacent upper cabin 2 can be detected.
  • the distance sensors 25, 36 are each connected to the safety device 22, 32.
  • the safety device 22, 32 evaluates the distance information from the distance sensors 25, 36 incoming.
  • a distance sensor 25, 36 is designed, for example, as a laser distance measuring sensor or as an ultrasonic distance measuring sensor
  • the safety device 22, 32 check the incoming distance information of the respective distance sensors 25, 36 for equality. In this plausibility test, the safety device 22, 32 determines whether the distance sensors 25, 32 function reliably. If the distance information of the distance sensors 25, 36 does not match, the safety device 22, 32 takes appropriate measures to bring the elevator 1 into a safe state. For example, the safety device 22, 32 can immobilize the elevator 1, since a collision between the cars 2, 3 can no longer be ruled out if the distance information is incorrectly evaluated.
  • the distance information of the distance sensors 25, 36 are also comparable in a plausibility test with the distance calculated by the shaft information system from the position information of the cars 2, 3.
  • each cabin 2, 3 is assigned a decentralized safety device 22, 32, each of which is connected to the cabin brake associated with a car 2, 3. se 23.1, 23.2, 33.1, 33.2 and the sensors 24, 34 is in communication.
  • the sensors 24, 34 transmit position and speed information to the safety device 22, 32.
  • the car brakes 23.1, 23.2, 33.1, 33.2 can be controlled by the safety device 22, 32.
  • the safety device 22, 32 communicates with the elevator control 6 and indirectly controls the first and second drive as well as its associated drive brakes and motors. Via the elevator control unit 6, a respective safety device 22, 32 also has information about the position and speed of the respective other car 3, 2.
  • the safety device 22, 32 of a car 2, 3 is directly connected to the respective drive and their associated drive brakes and may possibly directly drive the drive or the drive brakes or motors.
  • a central safety device can be used, which monitors both cabins 2, 3 and controls the drives and cabin brakes 23.1, 23.2, 33.1, 33.2.
  • a direct exchange of information about the position and speed of each other cabin 2, 3 between the two safety devices 22, 32 is possible.
  • the safety device 22, 33 of a car 2, 3 is connected to a respective cabin 2, 3 associated with the cabin brake 23.1, 23.2, 33.1, 33.2 and can control this in a dangerous approach of the two cabins 2, 3.
  • FIG. 1 relates to a snapshot in which the upper car 2 leads ahead in a direction A and a lower car 3 follows in a same direction B of the upper car 2.
  • the safety device 32 of the lower trailing cab 3 compares the current distance with a permissible safety distance D.
  • the safety device 32 has at least one processor and a memory unit, wherein a program for comparing a current distance with the safety distance D is stored on the memory unit and Processor calls this program and makes the comparison. This program compares distance information obtained from the
  • Shaft information system can be provided with a safety distance D.
  • This safety distance D is either as a fixed preset value or as another program that allows a speed-dependent calculation of the safety distance D, stored on the storage unit.
  • the permissible safety distance D represents a distance at which just a safe deceleration of the following lower cabin 3 is possible. If this permissible safety distance is exceeded, the safety device 32 initiates a first braking action in order to prevent a collision between the two cars 2 and 3. For this purpose, the safety device 32 controls the drive of the following lower cab 3 to decelerate the lower cab 3.
  • the first braking measure is preferably carried out by actuation of a drive brake assigned to the drive. Alternatively or additionally, the first braking measure with a motor associated with the drive by applying a rotational movement of an associated traction sheave opposite torque can be performed.
  • the safety device 32 When initiating the first braking measure, the safety device 32 gives the following lower cabin 3 a deceleration curve.
  • this delay curve is stored permanently on the memory unit.
  • the deceleration curve preferably depends on the nominal speed which a car 2, 3 reaches during normal operation of the elevator 1.
  • the deceleration curve can be calculated as a function of the speed by means of a further program which is stored on the storage unit. To do this, the processor calls this program and performs the corresponding calculation.
  • the safety device 22, 32 compares the braking distance traveled by the instantaneous speed of the following lower cabin 3 with the speed value predetermined by the deceleration curve. For this comparison, another program is stored on the memory unit, which the processor calls and executes. If this deceleration curve can not be maintained by means of the first braking action, i.e. if a speed associated with an achieved braking distance is exceeded, the safety device 32 initiates a second braking action.
  • the safety device 32 controls the cabin brake 33.1, 33.2 assigned to the following lower cabin 3 to brake the lower cabin 3.
  • the first brake box or second brake block In the case of two cabs 2, 3 traveling in the same direction, preferably only the following lower cab 3 is braked with the first brake box or second brake block.
  • the preceding first upper cabin 2 can continue the journey and thereby defuses the dangerous approach of the two cars 2, 3.
  • the above information is applicable to a preceding lower cabin 3 and a trailing upper cabin 2. In this case, in a dangerous approach between the two cars 2, 3, only the following upper cabin 2 is braked by means of a first or second braking measure.
  • the invention can be applied to opposite directions of travel of the cabins 2, 3, wherein the lower car 3 as shown in FIG. 1 moves in a direction B and the upper car 2 in a direction A opposite direction to the lower car third zuelle.
  • the safety distance D is doubled to 2 * D. If this safety distance falls below 2 * D, the safety device 22, 32 controls both drives or drive brakes or motors in order to initiate a first braking action. Both cabins 2, 3 are braked.
  • the safety distance 2 * D speed dependent of the safety device 22, 32 can be fixed. The faster a car 2, 3 is moved, the greater the safety distance D can be determined.
  • the safety device 22, 32 for each car 2, 3 before a deceleration curve. If one of the two cabins 2, 3 or even both cabins 2, 3 can not or can not comply with this deceleration curve or exceed or exceed a speed for a predetermined braking distance achieved, the safety device 22, 32 initiates a second braking action for the affected cabin 2 , 3 on.
  • the safety device 22, 32 controls the cabin brake 23.1, 23.2, 33.1, 33.2 of the respective car 2, 3 in order to decelerate the car 2, 3.
  • opposite directions of travel A, B of the two cabins 2, 3 so by means of the safety device 22, 32 for the first and for the second car 2, 3 depending on a first or possibly a second braking action can be introduced.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show two braking examples based on a path Speed course of the two cabins 2, 3 shown.
  • Fig. 2 shows a situation corresponding to that of Fig. 1.
  • Both cabins 2, 3 are moved in the same direction of travel A, B.
  • a first preceding car 2 is moved in the direction of travel A and a second following car 3 is moved in the direction of travel B.
  • the trailing cab 3 is moved before a time tl at a speed cl, which is below the nominal speed n.
  • the preceding car 2 is moved before a time tl at a speed which is less than cl. This is the case, for example, after a stop on a floor when approaching the preceding car 2.
  • the ride of the preceding car 2 before the time tl is not shown in FIG. 2 for reasons of clarity.
  • the safety device 32 initiates a first braking action.
  • the safety device 32 predefines a deceleration curve b.
  • the speed of the following car 3 is above the predetermined deceleration curve b. This causes the safety device 32 for the trailing cab 3 to initiate a second braking action.
  • the following car 3 of the deceleration cam c3 is decelerated accordingly to standstill. During this two-stage braking operation of the following car 3, the preceding car 2 can be moved on at the speed cl.
  • the safety device 22, 32 each provide a deceleration curve b 'for both cabins 2, 3.
  • the first brake measures are the first and second cabin 2, 3 of the deceleration curve c2 'decelerated accordingly.
  • the speed of the lower car 3 is above the predetermined deceleration curve b'.
  • This causes the safety device 32 for the lower cabin 3 to initiate a second braking action.
  • the lower cabin 3 is decelerated accordingly until the deceleration curve c3 'stops.
  • the upper cabin 2 however, remains after initiation of the first braking measure until reaching standstill always below the predetermined deceleration curve b '.
  • a second braking measure is not necessary for the upper cabin 2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Elevator Control (AREA)
  • Maintenance And Inspection Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an elevator (1), comprising a first and a second cab (2, 3) that can be moved along a common track. In addition, the elevator (1) comprises a safety device (22, 23) by means of which the two cabs (2, 3) can be monitored and a shaft information system, which is connected to the safety device (22, 32) and by means of which the speed and the position of the two cabs (2, 3) can be determined. If the two cabs (2, 3) fall below a safety distance (D, D'), a first braking action can be taken for at least one first cab (2, 3) by means of the safety device (22, 32). The elevator (1) is characterized in that a deceleration curve (b, b') can be specified for the at least one first cab (3) by means of the safety device (22, 32) when the first braking action is taken. A second braking action can be taken for the at least one first cab (3) by means of the safety device (22, 32) if the deceleration curve (b, b') is exceeded.

Description

Sicherheitseinrichtung für einen Aufzug mit mehreren Kabinen  Safety device for a lift with several cabins
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Aufzug mit zwei unabhängig verfahrbaren Kabinen und mit einer Sicherheitseinrichtung zum Vermeiden einer Kollision zwischen den beiden Kabinen gemäss dem Gegenstand des unabhängigen Anspruchs. The present invention relates to an elevator with two independently movable cabins and with a safety device for avoiding a collision between the two cabins according to the subject-matter of the independent claim.
Beim Betreiben von Aufzügen mit mindestens zwei Kabinen, die entlang einer gemeinsamen Fahrbahn verfahrbar sind, stellt sich stets die Problematik der Kollisionsvermeidung. When operating elevators with at least two cabins, which can be moved along a common roadway, there is always the problem of collision avoidance.
In der europäischen Patentschrift 1 562 848 Alwird eine Sicherheitseinrichtung vorgestellt, die obengenannter Problematik Rechnung trägt. Diese Sicherheitseinrichtung verhindert eine Kollision zwischen zwei Kabinen, indem die Sicherheitseinrichtung überwacht, ob die Kabinen einen kritischen Sicherheitsabstand einhalten. Bei Unterschreiten dieses kritischen Sicherheitsabstands leitet die Sicherheitseinrichtung einen Notstopp ein. Die Sicherheitseinrichtung überwacht bei der Ausführung des Notstopps weiterhin den Abstand zwischen den beiden Kabinen. Wenn trotz des Notstopps eine weitere Annäherung der Kabinen stattfindet und dabei ein minimaler Sicherheitsabstand unterschritten wird, so leitet die Sicherheitseinrichtung eine Fangbremsung ein. In European Patent 1,562,848 A1, a safety device is presented, which takes account of the aforementioned problem. This safety device prevents a collision between two cabins by the safety device monitors whether the cabs keep a critical safety distance. When falling below this critical safety distance, the safety device initiates an emergency stop. The safety device continues to monitor the distance between the two cabs when performing the emergency stop. If, despite the emergency stop, a further approach of the cabins takes place and a minimum safety distance is undershot, the safety device initiates a traction braking.
Obige Sicherheitseinrichtung wurde in der europäischen Patentschrift 1 698 580 AI noch weiter verfeinert. Auch hier überwacht die Sicherheitseinrichtung kontinuierlich einen kritischen Sicherheitsabstand und gegebenenfalls einen minimalen Sicherheitsabstand und leitet bei unterschreiten des jeweiligen Sicherheitsabstands entsprechend einen Notstopp oder eine Fangbremsung ein. Diese Sicherheitsabstände sind jedoch aufgrund einer vorgebbaren Nothalt- Aus lös ekurve und einer vorgebbaren Fang- Auslösekurve bestimmbar. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass für eine aktuelle Fahrgeschwindigkeit einer Kabine jeweils ein geschwindigkeitsabhängiger kritischer oder minimaler Sicherheitsabstand bestimmbar ist. Entsprechend können sich die Kabinen bei einer geringeren Fahrgeschwindigkeit weiter Annähern, ohne dass eine Bremsmassnahme eingeleitet würde. Dies ermöglicht insbesondere eine Annäherung der Kabinen auf zwei benachbarte Stockwerke. The above safety device has been further refined in European Patent 1 698 580 AI. Again, the safety device continuously monitors a critical safety distance and possibly a minimum safety distance and initiates when falling below the respective safety distance according to an emergency stop or a fall arrest. However, these safety distances can be determined on the basis of a predefinable emergency stop triggering curve and a predefinable catch-triggering curve. This has the advantage that in each case a speed-dependent critical or minimum safety distance can be determined for a current driving speed of a car. Accordingly, the cabs can continue to approach at a lower driving speed without a braking action being initiated. This allows, in particular, an approach of the cabins to two adjacent floors.
Bei beiden obengenannten zweistufigen Bremsverfahren ist jedoch der Abstand der bei- den Aufzugkabinen fortlaufend zu überwachen und mit einem kritischen und einem minimalen Sicherheitsabstand zu vergleichen. Diese kontinuierliche Überwachung der Distanz stellt relativ hohe Anforderungen an die Rechenkapazität der Sicherheitseinrichtung. Dies gilt in besonderem Masse bei der auslösekurveabhängigen Berechnung der Sicherheitsabstände des zweiten Brems Verfahrens. However, in the case of both abovementioned two-stage braking methods, the distance between the two to continuously monitor the elevator cars and to compare them with a critical and a minimum safety distance. This continuous monitoring of the distance places relatively high demands on the computing capacity of the safety device. This applies in particular to the tripping curve-dependent calculation of the safety distances of the second brake method.
Dementsprechend ist es die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, einen Aufzug mit einer Sicherheitseinrichtung zu entwickeln, die eine Kollision zwischen den Kabinen einfach und zuverlässig verhindert. Accordingly, it is the object of the present invention to develop an elevator with a safety device that easily and reliably prevents a collision between the cars.
Die Aufgabe wird durch einen Aufzug gemäss dem Gegenstand des unabhängigen Anspruchs gelöst. The object is achieved by a lift according to the subject of the independent claim.
Der Aufzug umfasst eine erste und eine zweite Kabine, die entlang einer gemeinsamen Fahrbahn verfahrbar sind, eine Sicherheitseinrichtung, mit der die beiden Kabinen überwachbar sind, und ein Schachtinformationssystem, das mit der Sicherheitseinrichtung verbunden ist und mit dem die Geschwindigkeit und Position der beiden Kabinen bestimmbar sind. Dabei ist mittels der Sicherheitseinrichtung für mindestens eine erste Kabine eine erste Bremsmassnahme einleitbar, wenn die beiden Kabinen einen Sicherheitsabstand unterschreiten. Der Aufzug zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass mittels der Sicherheitseinrichtung beim Einleiten der ersten Bremsmassnahme eine Verzögerungskurve für die mindestens erste Kabine vorgebbar ist. Mittels der Sicherheitseinrichtung ist bei Überschreiten der Verzögerungskurve durch die mindestens erste Kabine eine zweite Bremsmassnahme einleitbar. The elevator comprises a first and a second cabin, which are movable along a common roadway, a safety device with which the two cabins can be monitored, and a shaft information system, which is connected to the safety device and with which the speed and position of the two cabins can be determined are. In this case, by means of the safety device for at least one first cabin, a first braking action can be initiated when the two cars fall below a safe distance. The elevator is characterized in that a deceleration curve for the at least first cabin can be predetermined by means of the safety device when the first braking measure is initiated. By means of the safety device, when the deceleration curve is exceeded, a second braking measure can be introduced through the at least first cabin.
Der Vorteil dieses Aufzugs liegt darin, dass nach Einleiten der ersten Bremsmassnahme die Sicherheitseinrichtung eine Verzögerungskurve für die erste Kabine vorgibt. In der Folge muss der Abstand zwischen der ersten Kabine und der zweiten Kabine nicht mehr weiter überwacht werden. Die Sicherheitseinrichtung vergleicht während der Verzögerung lediglich die Geschwindigkeit der ersten Kabine mit dem vorgegebenen Geschwindigkeitswert der Verzögerungskurve pro zurückgelegten Bremsweg. Dieser einfache Wertvergleich stellt relativ geringe Anforderungen an die Rechenkapazität der Sicher- heits einrichtung. Vorteilhaft wird die Verzögerungskurve unmittelbar beim Einleiten der ersten Brems- massnahme durch ein in einem Prozessor der Sicherheitseinrichtung ablaufbares Programm berechnet und ist für die mindestens erste Kabine vorgebbar. The advantage of this elevator is that, after the first braking measure has been initiated, the safety device specifies a deceleration curve for the first car. As a result, the distance between the first car and the second car no longer needs to be monitored. During the deceleration, the safety device compares only the speed of the first car with the predetermined speed value of the deceleration curve per distance traveled. This simple value comparison places relatively low demands on the computing capacity of the security device. Advantageously, the deceleration curve is calculated directly upon initiation of the first braking action by a program which can be executed in a processor of the safety device and can be predetermined for the at least first cabin.
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung durch Ausführungsbeispiele und Figuren verdeutlicht und weiter beschrieben. Es zeigen: In the following the invention will be clarified by exemplary embodiments and figures and further described. Show it:
Fig. 1 einen Aufzug mit einer Sicherheitseinrichtung zum Verhindern einer Kollision zwischen zwei entlang einer gemeinsamen Fahrbahn unabhängig verfahrbaren Kabinen. Fig. 1 an elevator with a safety device for preventing a collision between two along a common lane independently movable cabins.
Fig. 2 Weg-Geschwindigkeits-Verläufe zweier hintereinander herfahrender Kabinen bei Eingreifen der Sicherheitseinrichtung; und Fig. 2 path-speed curves of two successively departing cabs upon intervention of the safety device; and
Fig. 3 Weg-Geschwindigkeits-Verläufe zweier aufeinander zufahrender Kabinen bei Eingreifen der Sicherheitseinrichtung. Fig. 3 path-speed curves of two approaching cabs upon intervention of the safety device.
Die Figur 1 zeigt einen Aufzug 1 mit mindestens zwei Kabinen 2, 3. Jede dieser Kabinen 2, 3 ist im Wesentlichen entlang einer gemeinsamen Fahrbahn unabhängig verfahrbar. Im gezeigten Beispiel wird die Fahrbahn durch ein Paar Kabinenführungsschienen 5.1, 5.2 definiert, die in einem Aufzugsschacht 4 installiert sind. FIG. 1 shows an elevator 1 with at least two cabins 2, 3. Each of these cabins 2, 3 can be moved independently substantially along a common roadway. In the example shown, the roadway is defined by a pair of car guide rails 5.1, 5.2 installed in a hoistway 4.
Die Kabinen 2, 3 sind jeweils an einem Tragmittel 8, 9.1, 9.2 aufgehängt. Dabei stellt das hier dargestellte Aufhängungsverhältnis von 1 : 1 ein gängiges Aufhängungsverhältnis im Aufzugsbau dar. Dem Fachmann steht es aber frei ein davon abweichendes höheres Aufhängungsverhältnis von 2:1, 3:1 oder höher zu wählen. The cabins 2, 3 are each suspended on a support means 8, 9.1, 9.2. Here, the suspension ratio of 1: 1 shown here is a common suspension ratio in elevator construction. However, the skilled person is free to choose a deviating higher suspension ratio of 2: 1, 3: 1 or higher.
Die obere Kabine 2 ist an einem ersten Aufhängungspunkt 21 an einem ersten Tragmittel 8 aufgehängt. Der Aufhängungspunkt 21 liegt vorzugsweise zentral auf der Oberseite der oberen Kabine 2. Vom ersten Aufhängungspunkt 21 aus verläuft das Tragmittel nach oben in den oberen Bereich des Aufzugschachts 4. Dort läuft das erste Tragmittel 8 über eine erste Treibscheibe. Mittels der Treibscheibe und optionaler erster Umlenkrollen wird das erste Tragmittel 8 wieder nach unten zu einem ersten Gegengewicht geführt. Das erste Gegengewicht ist ebenfalls am ersten Tragmittel 8 aufgehängt und balanciert die Gewichtskraft der oberen Kabine 2 aus. Eine untere Kabine 3 ist an zweiten und dritten Aumängungspunkten 31.1 , 31.2 an einem zweiten Tragmittel, das zwei zweite Tragmittelstränge 9.1, 9.2 umfasst, befestigt. Die untere Kabine 3 ist vorzugsweise in seinem unteren Bereich auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten an den zweiten Tragmittelsträngen 9.1, 9.2 aufgehängt. Von den zweiten und dritten Aufhängungspunkten 31.1 , 31.2 aus verlaufen die Tragmittelstränge 9.1, 9.2 seitlich an der oberen Kabine 2 vorbei nach oben in den oberen Bereich des Aufzugschachts 4. Dort laufen die zweiten Tragmittelstränge 9.1, 9.2 über zweite Treibscheiben. Mittels der zweiten Treibscheiben und optionaler zweiter Umlenkrollen werden die zweiten Tragmittelstränge 9.1, 9.2 wieder nach unten zu einem zweiten Gegengewicht geführt. Das zweite Gegengewicht ist schliesslich ebenfalls an den zweiten Tragmittelsträngen 9.1, 9.2 aufgehängt und balanciert die Gewichtskraft der unteren Aufzugskabine 3 aus. The upper car 2 is suspended at a first suspension point 21 on a first support means 8. The suspension point 21 preferably lies centrally on the upper side of the upper car 2. From the first suspension point 21, the suspension element extends upwards into the upper region of the elevator shaft 4. There, the first suspension element 8 runs over a first traction sheave. By means of the traction sheave and optional first pulleys, the first support means 8 is again guided down to a first counterweight. The first counterweight is also suspended from the first support means 8 and balances the weight of the upper car 2. A lower cabin 3 is attached to second and third Aumängungspunkten 31.1, 31.2 on a second support means, which comprises two second suspension element strands 9.1, 9.2. The lower cabin 3 is preferably suspended in its lower region on opposite sides on the second suspension element strands 9.1, 9.2. From the second and third suspension points 31.1, 31.2, the suspension element strands 9.1, 9.2 extend laterally past the upper cabin 2 upwards into the upper region of the elevator shaft 4. There, the second suspension element strands 9.1, 9.2 run over second traction sheaves. By means of the second traction sheaves and optional second deflection rollers, the second suspension element strands 9.1, 9.2 are again guided downwards to a second counterweight. The second counterweight is finally also suspended from the second suspension element strands 9.1, 9.2 and balances the weight of the lower elevator car 3 from.
Die ersten und zweiten Treibscheiben werden je von einem ersten und zweiten Antrieb angetrieben. Die ersten und zweiten Antriebe übertragen mittels der jeweils zugeordneten Treibscheiben ein Antriebsmoment auf die ersten und zweiten Tragmittel 8, 9.1, 9.2. Dementsprechend sind die beiden Kabinen 2, 3 weitgehend unabhängig voneinander von einem zugeordneten Antrieb verfahrbar. Dazu verfügen die ersten und zweiten Antriebe je über einen zugeordneten Motor und je über eine zugeordnete Antriebsbremse. The first and second traction sheaves are each driven by a first and second drive. The first and second drives transmitted by means of the respectively associated traction sheave drive torque to the first and second support means 8, 9.1, 9.2. Accordingly, the two cabins 2, 3 largely independent of each other by an associated drive movable. For this purpose, the first and second drives each have an associated engine and each have an associated drive brake.
Desweiteren ist eine Aufzugsteuerung 6 vorgesehen, die die beiden Antriebe der Kabinen 2, 3 steuert. Mittels Ruf eingab egeräte, die jeweils auf einem Stockwerk angeordnet und mit der Aufzugsteuerung 6 verbunden sind, ruft ein Fahrgast eine Kabine 2, 3 auf ein Stockwerk. Vorzugsweise sind diese Ruf eingab egeräte als Zielruf eingab egeräte ausgelegt. Bei der Bedienung eines solchen Zielrufeingabegeräts zeigt ein Fahrgast nicht nur seinen Standort bei einem Stockwerk, auf welchem er auf eine Kabine 2, 3 wartet, an, sondern teilt der Aufzugsteuerung 6 zudem sein gewünschtes Zielstockwerk mit. Die Aufzugsteuerung 6 teilt eine geeignete Kabine 2, 3 diesem Ruf zu und verfährt die zugeteilte Kabine 2, 3 auf das Stockwerk und schliesslich auf das Zielstockwerk. Dazu steuert die Aufzugssteuerung 6 den Motor und die Antriebsbremse des der zugeteilten Kabine 2, 3 zugeordneten Antriebs an. Furthermore, an elevator control 6 is provided, which controls the two drives of the cabins 2, 3. By call eingab egeräte, each arranged on a floor and connected to the elevator control 6, a passenger calls a car 2, 3 on a floor. Preferably, these call input devices are designed as destination call input devices. In the operation of such a destination call input device, a passenger not only displays his location at a floor on which he waits for a car 2, 3, but also notifies the elevator controller 6 of his desired destination floor. The elevator control 6 assigns a suitable car 2, 3 to this call and moves the allocated car 2, 3 to the floor and finally to the destination floor. For this purpose, the elevator control 6 controls the motor and the drive brake of the allocated cabin 2, 3 associated drive.
Zudem verfügt der Aufzug 1 über ein Schachtinformationssystem. Dieses Schachtinformationssystem umfasst beispielsweise einen Codestreifen 7 mit Codemarken und je Ka- bine 2, 3 einen Sensor 24, 34 zum Lesen der Codemarken. Der Codestreifen 7 ist entlang der Fahrbahn im Aufzugschacht 4 montiert. Die Codemarken stellen vorzugsweise eine eindeutige, unverwechselbare Positionsinformation dar Mittels einer Auswertung der Positionsinformationen über die Zeit sind Geschwindigkeitsinformationen erzeugbar. Das Schachtinformationssystem stellt also für jede Kabine 2, 3 zumindest Informationen über deren Position und Geschwindigkeit der Aufzugsteuerung 6 und der Sicherheitseinrichtung 22, 32 zur Verfügung. Die Sicherheitseinrichtung 22, 32 wertet die von den Sensoren 24, 34 eingehenden Positionsinformationen- und/oder Geschwindigkeitsinformationen aus. Dies umfasst auch die Berechnung eines Abstands zwischen den Kabinen 2, 3 aus deren Positionsinformationen. In addition, the elevator 1 has a shaft information system. This shaft information system comprises, for example, a code strip 7 with code marks and per cable. bine 2, 3 a sensor 24, 34 for reading the code marks. The code strip 7 is mounted along the carriageway in the elevator shaft 4. The code marks preferably represent a unique, unmistakable position information. Speed information can be generated by means of an evaluation of the position information over time. The shaft information system thus provides at least information about its position and speed of the elevator control 6 and the safety device 22, 32 for each car 2, 3. The safety device 22, 32 evaluates the position information and / or speed information received from the sensors 24, 34. This also includes the calculation of a distance between the cars 2, 3 from their position information.
Optional verfügt das Schachtinformationssystem über einen Abstandsensor 25, der an der oberen Kabine 2 angeordnet ist. Mittels dieses Abstandsensors 25 ist der Abstand zur unteren Kabine 3 feststellbar. Ebenso ist die untere Kabine 3 mit einem Abstandsensor 36 ausrüstbar, mit welchem ein Abstand zur benachbarten oberen Kabine 2 feststellbar ist. Die Abstandsensoren 25, 36 sind jeweils mit der Sicherheitseinrichtung 22, 32 verbunden. Die Sicherheitseinrichtung 22, 32 wertet die von den Abstandsensoren 25, 36 eingehenden Abstandinformationen aus. Ein Abstandsensor 25, 36 ist beispielsweise als Laser- abstandmesssensor oder als Ultraschallabstandmesssensor ausgelegt Optionally, the shaft information system has a distance sensor 25, which is arranged on the upper car 2. By means of this distance sensor 25, the distance to the lower cabin 3 can be detected. Similarly, the lower cabin 3 can be equipped with a distance sensor 36, with which a distance to the adjacent upper cabin 2 can be detected. The distance sensors 25, 36 are each connected to the safety device 22, 32. The safety device 22, 32 evaluates the distance information from the distance sensors 25, 36 incoming. A distance sensor 25, 36 is designed, for example, as a laser distance measuring sensor or as an ultrasonic distance measuring sensor
Zudem kann die Sicherheitseinrichtung 22, 32 die eingehenden Abstandinformationen der jeweiligen Abstandsensoren 25, 36 auf Gleichheit überprüfen. Bei diesem Plausibilitäts- test stellt die Sicherheitseinrichtung 22, 32 fest, ob die Abstandsensoren 25, 32 zuverlässig funktionieren. Stimmen die Abstandinformationen der Abstandsensoren 25, 36 nicht überein, ergreift die Sicherheitseinrichtung 22, 32 zweckmässige Massnahmen, um den Aufzug 1 in einen sicheren Zustand zu bringen. So kann die Sicherheitseinrichtung 22, 32 den Aufzug 1 beispielsweise still legen, da bei einer fehlerhaften Auswertung der Abstandinformationen eine Kollision zwischen den Kabinen 2, 3 nicht mehr ausgeschlossen werden kann. Die Abstandinformationen der Abstandsensoren 25, 36 sind in einem Plau- sibilitätstest auch mit dem vom Schachtinformationssystem aus den Positionsangaben der Kabinen 2, 3 berechneten Abstand vergleichbar. In addition, the safety device 22, 32 check the incoming distance information of the respective distance sensors 25, 36 for equality. In this plausibility test, the safety device 22, 32 determines whether the distance sensors 25, 32 function reliably. If the distance information of the distance sensors 25, 36 does not match, the safety device 22, 32 takes appropriate measures to bring the elevator 1 into a safe state. For example, the safety device 22, 32 can immobilize the elevator 1, since a collision between the cars 2, 3 can no longer be ruled out if the distance information is incorrectly evaluated. The distance information of the distance sensors 25, 36 are also comparable in a plausibility test with the distance calculated by the shaft information system from the position information of the cars 2, 3.
Im gezeigten Beispiel ist jeder Kabine 2, 3 eine dezentral operierende Sicherheitseinrichtung 22, 32 zugeordnet, die jeweils mit der einer Kabine 2, 3 zugeordneten Kabinenbrem- se 23.1, 23.2, 33.1, 33.2 sowie den Sensoren 24, 34 in Verbindung steht. Die Sensoren 24, 34 übermitteln Positions- und Geschwindigkeitsinformationen an die Sicherheitseinrichtung 22, 32. Die Kabinenbremsen 23.1, 23.2, 33.1, 33.2 sind durch die Sicherheitseinrichtung 22, 32 ansteuerbar. Zudem kommuniziert die Sicherheitseinrichtung 22, 32 mit der Aufzugssteuerung 6 und steuert über diese den ersten und zweiten Antrieb sowie dessen zugeordneten Antriebsbremsen und Motoren mittelbare an. Über die Aufzugsteuereinheit 6 verfügt eine jeweilige Sicherheitseinrichtung 22, 32 auch über Informationen zu Position und Geschwindigkeit der jeweils anderen Kabine 3,2. Alternativ ist die Sicherheitseinrichtung 22, 32 einer Kabine 2, 3 unmittelbar mit dem jeweiligen Antrieb und deren zugeordneten Antriebsbremsen verbunden und kann gegebenenfalls direkt den Antrieb bzw. die Antriebsbremsen oder Motoren ansteuern. Abweichend von der Konfiguration mit zwei Sicherheitseinrichtungen 22, 32, die je einer Kabine 2, 3 zugeordnet sind, ist auch eine zentrale Sicherheitseinrichtung einsetzbar, die beide Kabinen 2, 3 überwacht und die die Antriebe und Kabinenbremsen 23.1, 23.2, 33.1, 33.2 ansteuert. Ebenso ist ein direkter Informationsaustausch über Position und Geschwindigkeit der jeweils anderen Kabine 2, 3 zwischen den beiden Sicherheitseinrichtungen 22, 32 möglich. In the example shown, each cabin 2, 3 is assigned a decentralized safety device 22, 32, each of which is connected to the cabin brake associated with a car 2, 3. se 23.1, 23.2, 33.1, 33.2 and the sensors 24, 34 is in communication. The sensors 24, 34 transmit position and speed information to the safety device 22, 32. The car brakes 23.1, 23.2, 33.1, 33.2 can be controlled by the safety device 22, 32. In addition, the safety device 22, 32 communicates with the elevator control 6 and indirectly controls the first and second drive as well as its associated drive brakes and motors. Via the elevator control unit 6, a respective safety device 22, 32 also has information about the position and speed of the respective other car 3, 2. Alternatively, the safety device 22, 32 of a car 2, 3 is directly connected to the respective drive and their associated drive brakes and may possibly directly drive the drive or the drive brakes or motors. Deviating from the configuration with two safety devices 22, 32, which are each associated with a cabin 2, 3, a central safety device can be used, which monitors both cabins 2, 3 and controls the drives and cabin brakes 23.1, 23.2, 33.1, 33.2. Likewise, a direct exchange of information about the position and speed of each other cabin 2, 3 between the two safety devices 22, 32 is possible.
Zudem ist die Sicherheitseinrichtung 22, 33 einer Kabine 2, 3 mit einer der jeweiligen Kabine 2, 3 zugeordneten Kabinenbremse 23.1, 23.2, 33.1, 33.2 verbunden und kann diese bei einer gefährlichen Annäherung der beiden Kabinen 2, 3 ansteuern. In addition, the safety device 22, 33 of a car 2, 3 is connected to a respective cabin 2, 3 associated with the cabin brake 23.1, 23.2, 33.1, 33.2 and can control this in a dangerous approach of the two cabins 2, 3.
Das in Fig. 1 gezeigte Beispiel betrifft eine Momentaufnahme, in welcher die obere Kabine 2 in eine Richtung A vorausfährt und eine untere Kabine 3 in eine gleiche Richtung B der oberen Kabine 2 nachfährt. The example shown in FIG. 1 relates to a snapshot in which the upper car 2 leads ahead in a direction A and a lower car 3 follows in a same direction B of the upper car 2.
Die Sicherheitseinrichtung 32 der unteren nachfahrenden Kabine 3 vergleicht den aktuellen Abstand mit einem zulässigen Sicherheitsabstand D. Dazu verfügt die Sicherheitseinrichtung 32 zumindest über einen Prozessor und eine Speichereinheit, wobei ein Programm zum Vergleichen eines aktuellen Abstands mit dem Sicherheitsabstand D auf der Speichereinheit abgelegt ist und der Prozessor dieses Programm aufruft und den Vergleich durchführt. Dieses Programm vergleicht Abstandsinformationen, die vom The safety device 32 of the lower trailing cab 3 compares the current distance with a permissible safety distance D. For this purpose, the safety device 32 has at least one processor and a memory unit, wherein a program for comparing a current distance with the safety distance D is stored on the memory unit and Processor calls this program and makes the comparison. This program compares distance information obtained from the
Schachtinformationssystem bereitgestellt werden, mit einem Sicherheitsabstand D. Dieser Sicherheitsabstand D ist entweder als fix vorgegebener Wert oder als weiteres Programm, das eine geschwindigkeitsabhängige Berechnung des Sicherheitsabstands D ermöglicht, auf der Speichereinheit abgelegt. Shaft information system can be provided with a safety distance D. This safety distance D is either as a fixed preset value or as another program that allows a speed-dependent calculation of the safety distance D, stored on the storage unit.
Der zulässige Sicherheitsabstand D stellt einen Abstand dar, bei welchem gerade noch eine sichere Abbremsung der nachfahrenden unteren Kabine 3 möglich ist. Falls dieser zulässige Sicherheitsabstand unterschritten wird, so leitet die Sicherheitseinrichtung 32 eine erste Bremsmassnahme ein, um eine Kollision zwischen den beiden Kabinen 2 und 3 zu verhindert. Dazu steuert die Sicherheitseinrichtung 32 den Antrieb der nachfahrenden unteren Kabine 3 an, die untere Kabine 3 abzubremsen. Die erste Bremsmassnahme wird vorzugsweise mittels Betätigung einer dem Antrieb zugeordneten Antriebsbremse durchgeführt. Alternativ oder ergänzend ist die erste Bremsmassnahme mit einem dem Antrieb zugeordneten Motor mittels Aufbringung eines der Drehbewegung einer zugeordneten Treibscheibe entgegengesetzten Drehmoments durchführbar. The permissible safety distance D represents a distance at which just a safe deceleration of the following lower cabin 3 is possible. If this permissible safety distance is exceeded, the safety device 32 initiates a first braking action in order to prevent a collision between the two cars 2 and 3. For this purpose, the safety device 32 controls the drive of the following lower cab 3 to decelerate the lower cab 3. The first braking measure is preferably carried out by actuation of a drive brake assigned to the drive. Alternatively or additionally, the first braking measure with a motor associated with the drive by applying a rotational movement of an associated traction sheave opposite torque can be performed.
Beim Einleiten der ersten Bremsmassnahme gibt die Sicherheitseinrichtung 32 der nachfahrenden unteren Kabine 3 eine Verzögerungskurve vor. In einer ersten Ausführungsvariante ist diese Verzögerungskurve fix auf der Speichereinheit abgelegt. Hierbei richtet sich die Verzögerungskurve vorzugsweise nach der Nenngeschwindigkeit, die eine Kabine 2, 3 im Normalbetrieb des Aufzugs 1 erreicht. Bei einer zweiten Ausführungsvariante ist die Verzögerungskurve mittels eines weiteren Programms, das auf der Speichereinheit abgelegt ist, geschwindigkeitsabhängig berechenbar. Dazu ruft der Prozessor dieses Programm auf und führt die entsprechende Berechnung durch. When initiating the first braking measure, the safety device 32 gives the following lower cabin 3 a deceleration curve. In a first embodiment, this delay curve is stored permanently on the memory unit. In this case, the deceleration curve preferably depends on the nominal speed which a car 2, 3 reaches during normal operation of the elevator 1. In a second embodiment variant, the deceleration curve can be calculated as a function of the speed by means of a further program which is stored on the storage unit. To do this, the processor calls this program and performs the corresponding calculation.
Während der ersten Bremsmassnahme vergleicht die Sicherheitseinrichtung 22, 32 die pro zurückgelegtem Bremsweg momentane Geschwindigkeit der nachfahrenden unteren Kabine 3 mit dem von der Verzögerungskurve vorgegebenen Geschwindigkeitswert. Für diesen Vergleich ist auf der Speichereinheit ein weiteres Programm abgelegt, das der Prozessor aufruft und durchführt. Wenn diese Verzögerungskurve mittels der ersten Bremsmassnahme nicht eingehalten werden kann, d.h., wenn eine für einen erreichten Bremsweg zugeordnete Geschwindigkeit überschritten wird, leitet die Sicherheitseinrichtung 32 eine zweite Bremsmassnahme ein. During the first braking measure, the safety device 22, 32 compares the braking distance traveled by the instantaneous speed of the following lower cabin 3 with the speed value predetermined by the deceleration curve. For this comparison, another program is stored on the memory unit, which the processor calls and executes. If this deceleration curve can not be maintained by means of the first braking action, i.e. if a speed associated with an achieved braking distance is exceeded, the safety device 32 initiates a second braking action.
Bei dieser zweiten Bremsmassnahme steuert die Sicherheitseinrichtung 32 die der nachfahrenden unteren Kabine 3 zugeordnete Kabinenbremse 33.1, 33.2 an, die untere Kabine 3 zu bremsen. Bei zwei in die gleiche Richtung verfahrende Kabinen 2, 3 wird vorzugsweise nur die nachfahrende untere Kabine 3 mit der ersten Bremsmas snahme bzw. zweiten Brems- massnahme gebremst. Die vorausfahrende erste obere Kabine 2 kann die Fahrt fortsetzen und entschärft dabei die gefährliche Annäherung der beiden Kabinen 2, 3. Selbstverständlich sind obige Angaben entsprechend auf eine vorausfahrende unteren Kabine 3 und eine nachfahrenden oberen Kabine 2 anwendbar. Hierbei wird bei einer gefährlichen Annäherung zwischen den beiden Kabinen 2, 3 lediglich die nachfahrende obere Kabine 2 mittels einer ersten oder zweiten Bremsmassnahme abgebremst. In this second braking measure, the safety device 32 controls the cabin brake 33.1, 33.2 assigned to the following lower cabin 3 to brake the lower cabin 3. In the case of two cabs 2, 3 traveling in the same direction, preferably only the following lower cab 3 is braked with the first brake box or second brake block. The preceding first upper cabin 2 can continue the journey and thereby defuses the dangerous approach of the two cars 2, 3. Of course, the above information is applicable to a preceding lower cabin 3 and a trailing upper cabin 2. In this case, in a dangerous approach between the two cars 2, 3, only the following upper cabin 2 is braked by means of a first or second braking measure.
Genauso kann die Erfindung auf einander entgegengesetzte Fahrtrichtungen der Kabinen 2, 3 angewendet werden, wobei die untere Kabine 3 wie in der Fig. 1 gezeigt in eine Richtung B fährt und die obere Kabine 2 in eine der Richtung A entgegengesetzten Richtung auf die untere Kabine 3 zufährt. Bei zwei aufeinander zufahrenden Kabinen 2, 3 verdoppelt sich der Sicherheitsabstand D auf 2*D. Wird dieser Sicherheitsabstand 2*D unterschritten steuert die Sicherheitseinrichtung 22, 32 beide Antriebe bzw. Antriebsbremsen oder Motoren an, um eine erste Bremsmassnahme einzuleiten. Dabei werden beide Kabinen 2, 3 abgebremst. Auch hier ist der Sicherheitsabstand 2*D geschwindigkeitsabhängig von der Sicherheitseinrichtung 22, 32 festlegbar. Je schneller eine Kabine 2, 3 verfahren wird, desto grösser ist der Sicherheitsabstand D festlegbar. Likewise, the invention can be applied to opposite directions of travel of the cabins 2, 3, wherein the lower car 3 as shown in FIG. 1 moves in a direction B and the upper car 2 in a direction A opposite direction to the lower car third zufährt. In the case of two cabins 2, 3 approaching each other, the safety distance D is doubled to 2 * D. If this safety distance falls below 2 * D, the safety device 22, 32 controls both drives or drive brakes or motors in order to initiate a first braking action. Both cabins 2, 3 are braked. Again, the safety distance 2 * D speed dependent of the safety device 22, 32 can be fixed. The faster a car 2, 3 is moved, the greater the safety distance D can be determined.
Bei der Einleitung der ersten Bremsmassnahme für die obere und untere Kabine 2, 3 gibt die Sicherheitseinrichtung 22, 32 für jede Kabine 2, 3 eine Verzögerungskurve vor. Wenn eine der beiden Kabinen 2, 3 oder sogar beide Kabinen 2, 3 diese Verzögerungskurve nicht einhalten kann oder können bzw. eine Geschwindigkeit für einen vorgegebenen erreichten Bremsweg überschreitet oder überschreiten, so leitet die Sicherheitseinrichtung 22, 32 eine zweite Bremsmassnahme für die betroffene Kabine 2, 3 ein. Dazu steuert die Sicherheitseinrichtung 22, 32 die Kabinenbremse 23.1, 23.2, 33.1, 33.2 der jeweiligen Kabine 2, 3 an, um die Kabine 2, 3 abzubremsen. Bei entgegengesetzten Fahrtrichtungen A, B der beiden Kabinen 2, 3 ist also mittels der Sicherheitseinrichtung 22, 32 für die erste und für die zweite Kabine 2, 3 je eine erste oder gegebenenfalls eine zweite Bremsmassnahme einleitbar. At the initiation of the first braking action for the upper and lower cabin 2, 3, the safety device 22, 32 for each car 2, 3 before a deceleration curve. If one of the two cabins 2, 3 or even both cabins 2, 3 can not or can not comply with this deceleration curve or exceed or exceed a speed for a predetermined braking distance achieved, the safety device 22, 32 initiates a second braking action for the affected cabin 2 , 3 on. For this purpose, the safety device 22, 32 controls the cabin brake 23.1, 23.2, 33.1, 33.2 of the respective car 2, 3 in order to decelerate the car 2, 3. In opposite directions of travel A, B of the two cabins 2, 3 so by means of the safety device 22, 32 for the first and for the second car 2, 3 depending on a first or possibly a second braking action can be introduced.
In den Fig. 2 und 3 sind zwei Bremsbeispiele anhand eines Weg- Geschwindigkeitsverlaufs der beiden Kabinen 2, 3 dargestellt. FIGS. 2 and 3 show two braking examples based on a path Speed course of the two cabins 2, 3 shown.
Fig. 2. zeigt eine Situation, die derjenigen aus Fig. 1 entspricht. Beide Kabinen 2, 3 werden in dieselbe Fahrtrichtung A, B verfahren. Eine erste vorausfahrende Kabine 2 wird in Fahrtrichtung A verfahren und eine zweite nachfahrende Kabine 3 wird in Fahrtrichtung B verfahren. Die nachfahrende Kabine 3 wird vor einem Zeitpunkt tl mit einer Geschwindigkeit cl verfahren, die unterhalb der Nenngeschwindigkeit n liegt. Die vorausfahrende Kabine 2 hingegen wird vor einem Zeitpunkt tl mit einer Geschwindigkeit verfahren, die kleiner als cl ist. Dies ist beispielsweise nach einem Halt auf einem Stockwerk beim Anfahren der vorausfahrenden Kabine 2 der Fall. Die Fahrt der vorausfahrenden Kabine 2 vor dem Zeitpunkt tl ist in der Fig. 2 aus Übersichtlichkeitsgründen nicht dargestellt. Beim Zeitpunkt tl wird der Sicherheitsabstand D zwischen der vorausfahrenden und der nachfahrenden Kabine 2, 3 unterschritten. Dementsprechend leitet die Sicherheitseinrichtung 32 eine erste Bremsmassnahme ein. Gleichzeitig gibt die Sicherheitseinrichtung 32 eine Verzögerungskurve b vor. Nach Einleiten der ersten Bremsmassnahme wird die nachfahrende Kabine 3 der Verzögerungskurve c2 entsprechend abgebremst. Zum Zeitpunkt t2 liegt die Geschwindigkeit der nachfahrenden Kabine 3 über der vorgegebenen Verzögerungskurve b. Dies veranlasst die Sicherheitseinrichtung 32 für die nachfahrende Kabine 3 eine zweite Bremsmassnahme einzuleiten. Nach Einleiten der zweiten Bremsmassnahme wird die nachfahrende Kabine 3 der Verzögerungskurve c3 entsprechend bis zum Stillstand abgebremst. Während dieses zweistufigen Brems Vorgangs der nachfahrenden Kabine 3 kann die vorausfahrende Kabine 2 mit der Geschwindigkeit cl weiter verfahren werden. Fig. 2 shows a situation corresponding to that of Fig. 1. Both cabins 2, 3 are moved in the same direction of travel A, B. A first preceding car 2 is moved in the direction of travel A and a second following car 3 is moved in the direction of travel B. The trailing cab 3 is moved before a time tl at a speed cl, which is below the nominal speed n. The preceding car 2, however, is moved before a time tl at a speed which is less than cl. This is the case, for example, after a stop on a floor when approaching the preceding car 2. The ride of the preceding car 2 before the time tl is not shown in FIG. 2 for reasons of clarity. At time tl, the safety distance D between the preceding and the following cabin 2, 3 is exceeded. Accordingly, the safety device 32 initiates a first braking action. At the same time, the safety device 32 predefines a deceleration curve b. After the first braking measure has been initiated, the following cabin 3 of the deceleration cam c2 is decelerated accordingly. At time t2, the speed of the following car 3 is above the predetermined deceleration curve b. This causes the safety device 32 for the trailing cab 3 to initiate a second braking action. After the second braking measure has been initiated, the following car 3 of the deceleration cam c3 is decelerated accordingly to standstill. During this two-stage braking operation of the following car 3, the preceding car 2 can be moved on at the speed cl.
Fig. 3. hingegen zeigt eine Situation, in der die beiden Kabinen 2,3 aufeinander zufahren. Beide Kabinen 2, 3 werden entsprechend in die Fahrtrichtungen A', B' verfahren. Eine obere Kabine 2 wird in Fahrtrichtung A' verfahren und eine untere Kabine 3 wird in entgegengesetzter Fahrtrichtung B' verfahren. Beide Kabinen 2, 3 werden vor einem Zeitpunkt tl ' mit einer Geschwindigkeit cl ' verfahren, die unterhalb der Nenngeschwindigkeit n' liegt. Beim Zeitpunkt tl ' wird der Sicherheitsabstand D' zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Kabine 2, 3 unterschritten, wobei der Sicherheitsabstand D'=2D beträgt. Dementsprechend leitet die Sicherheitseinrichtung 22, 32 für beide Kabinen 2, 3 eine erste Bremsmassnahme ein. Gleichzeitig gibt die Sicherheitseinrichtung 22, 32 je für beide Kabinen 2, 3 eine Verzögerungskurve b' vor. Nach Einleiten der ersten Brems- massnahme werden die erste und zweite Kabine 2, 3 der Verzögerungskurve c2' entsprechend abgebremst. Zum Zeitpunkt t2' liegt die Geschwindigkeit der unteren Kabine 3 über der vorgegebenen Verzögerungskurve b'. Dies veranlasst die Sicherheitseinrichtung 32 für die untere Kabine 3 eine zweite Bremsmassnahme einzuleiten. Nach Einleitung der zweiten Bremsmassnahme wird die untere Kabine 3 bis zum Stillstand der Verzögerungskurve c3' entsprechend abgebremst. Die obere Kabine 2 hingegen bleibt nach Einleitung der ersten Bremsmassnahme bis zum Erreichen des Stillstands stets unterhalb der vorgegebenen Verzögerungskurve b'. Eine zweite Bremsmassnahme ist für die obere Kabine 2 nicht notwendig. FIG. 3, on the other hand, shows a situation in which the two cars 2, 3 approach one another. Both cabins 2, 3 are moved accordingly in the directions of travel A ', B'. An upper cabin 2 is moved in the direction of travel A 'and a lower cabin 3 is moved in the opposite direction B'. Both cabins 2, 3 are moved before a time tl 'at a speed cl', which is below the rated speed n '. At time tl ', the safety distance D' between the first and the second car 2, 3 is exceeded, wherein the safety distance D '= 2D. Accordingly, the safety device 22, 32 initiates a first braking measure for both cabins 2, 3. At the same time, the safety device 22, 32 each provide a deceleration curve b 'for both cabins 2, 3. After initiating the first brake measures are the first and second cabin 2, 3 of the deceleration curve c2 'decelerated accordingly. At the time t2 ', the speed of the lower car 3 is above the predetermined deceleration curve b'. This causes the safety device 32 for the lower cabin 3 to initiate a second braking action. After initiation of the second braking measure, the lower cabin 3 is decelerated accordingly until the deceleration curve c3 'stops. The upper cabin 2, however, remains after initiation of the first braking measure until reaching standstill always below the predetermined deceleration curve b '. A second braking measure is not necessary for the upper cabin 2.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Aufzug (1) mit 1st elevator (1) with
- einer ersten (3) und einer zweiten Kabine (2), die entlang einer gemeinsamen Fahrbahn verfahrbar sind,  a first (3) and a second cabin (2) which are movable along a common roadway,
- einer Sicherheitseinrichtung (22, 32), mit der die Kabinen (2, 3) überwachbar sind, und  - A safety device (22, 32) with which the cabins (2, 3) can be monitored, and
- einem Schachtinformationssystem (7), das mit der Sicherheitseinrichtung verbunden ist und mit dem die Geschwindigkeit und die Position der beiden Kabinen bestimmbar sind,  a shaft information system (7), which is connected to the safety device and with which the speed and the position of the two cabins can be determined,
wobei mittels der Sicherheitseinrichtung (22, 32) für mindestens eine erste Kabine (3) eine erste Bremsmassnahme einleitbar ist, wenn die beiden Kabinen (2, 3) einen Sicherheitsabstand (D, D') unterschreiten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mittels der Sicherheitseinrichtung (22, 32) beim Einleiten der ersten Bremsmassnahme eine Verzögerungskurve (b, b') für die mindestens erste Kabine (2, 3) vorgebbar ist, wobei mittels der Sicherheitseinrichtung (22, 32) bei Überschreiten der Verzögerungskurve (b, b') für die mindestens erste Kabine (3) eine zweite Bremsmassnahme einleitbar ist.  wherein by means of the safety device (22, 32) for at least one first cabin (3) a first braking measure can be initiated if the two cars (2, 3) are below a safety distance (D, D '), characterized in that by means of the safety device ( 22, 32) at the initiation of the first braking measure, a deceleration curve (b, b ') for the at least first cabin (2, 3) can be predetermined, wherein by means of the safety device (22, 32) when exceeding the deceleration curve (b, b') for the at least first cabin (3) a second braking measure can be introduced.
2. Aufzug (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass beide Kabinen (2, 3) je über einen Antrieb verfügen, wobei mittels der Sicherheitseinrichtung (22, 32) der Antrieb ansteuerbar ist, insbesondere eine Haltebremse, um die erste Bremsmassnahme einzuleiten. 2. Elevator (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that both cabins (2, 3) each have a drive, wherein by means of the safety device (22, 32) of the drive is controlled, in particular a holding brake to initiate the first braking action ,
3. Aufzug (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass beide Kabinen (2, 3) je über eine Kabinenbremse (23.1, 23.2, 33.1, 33.2) verfügen, wobei mittels der Sicherheitseinrichtung (22, 32) die Kabinenbremse (23.1, 23.2, 33.1, 33.2) ansteuerbar ist, um die zweite Bremsmassnahme einzuleiten. 3. Elevator (1) according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that both cabins (2, 3) each have a car brake (23.1, 23.2, 33.1, 33.2), wherein by means of the safety device (22, 32) the Cabin brake (23.1, 23.2, 33.1, 33.2) is controlled to initiate the second braking action.
4. Aufzug (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Kabine (2, 3) über einen Abstandsensor (25, 36) verfügt, mittels dem ein Abstand zur zweiten Kabine (2, 3) feststellbar ist. 4. Elevator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first cabin (2, 3) via a distance sensor (25, 36), by means of which a distance to the second cabin (2, 3) can be detected.
5. Aufzug nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei gleichgerichteter Fahrtrichtung (A, B) der beiden Kabinen (2, 3), mittels der Sicherheitseinrichtung (22, 23) nur für die nachfahrende erste Kabine (2, 3) eine erste oder zweite Bremsmassnahme einleitbar ist. 5. Elevator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the same direction of travel (A, B) of the two cabins (2, 3), by means of the safety device (22, 23) only for the nachfahrende first cabin (2, 3) a first or second braking action can be introduced.
6. Aufzug (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei entgegengesetzten Fahrtrichtung (A, B) der beiden Kabinen (2, 3), mittels der Sicherheitseinrichtung (22, 32) für die erste und für die zweite Kabine (2, 3) je eine erste oder zweite Bremsmassnahme einleitbar ist. 6. Elevator (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in the opposite direction of travel (A, B) of the two cabins (2, 3), by means of the safety device (22, 32) for the first and for the second Cabin (2, 3) each a first or second braking action can be initiated.
7. Aufzug (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Sicherheitsabstand (D, D') geschwindigkeitsabhängig und/oder fahrtrichtungsabhängig vorgebbar ist. 7. Elevator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the safety distance (D, D ') is speed-dependent and / or direction dependent predetermined.
8. Aufzug (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verzögerungskurve (b, b') geschwindigkeitsabhängig vorgebbar ist. 8. Elevator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the deceleration curve (b, b ') is speed-dependent predetermined.
9. Aufzug (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verzögerungskurve (b, b') unmittelbar beim Einleiten der ersten Bremsmassnahme durch ein in einem Prozessor der Sicherheitseinrichtung (22, 32) ablaufbares Programm berechnet wird und für die mindestens erste Kabine (2, 3) vorgebbar ist. 9. Elevator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the deceleration curve (b, b ') is calculated immediately upon initiation of the first braking action by a program executable in a processor of the safety device (22, 32) program and for at least first cabin (2, 3) can be specified.
10. Aufzug (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach Einleiten der ersten Bremsmassnahme die zweite Bremsmassnahme aufgrund eines Vergleichs der Geschwindigkeit der mindestens ersten Kabine (2, 3) mit dem vorgegebenen Geschwindigkeitswert der Verzögerungskurve (b, b') pro zurückgelegtem Bremsweg einleitbar ist. 10. Elevator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that after initiation of the first braking measure the second braking action due to a comparison of the speed of the at least first car (2, 3) with the predetermined speed value of the deceleration curve (b, b ') per returned braking distance can be introduced.
11. Aufzug (1) nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Bremsmassnahme nur aufgrund des Vergleichs der Geschwindigkeit der mindestens ersten Kabine (2, 3) mit dem vorgegebenen Geschwindigkeitswert der Verzögerungskurve (b, b') pro zurückgelegtem Bremsweg einleitbar ist. 11. Elevator (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that the second braking measure only by virtue of the comparison of the speed of the at least one first cabin (2, 3) with the predetermined speed value of the deceleration curve (b, b ') can be introduced per distance traveled braking distance.
12. Aufzug (1) nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Bremsmassnahme ohne Überwachung des Abstands zwischen den beiden Kabinen (2, 3) für die erste Kabine (2, 3) einleitbar ist. 12. Elevator (1) according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the second Braking measure without monitoring the distance between the two cabins (2, 3) for the first cabin (2, 3) can be introduced.
EP12798731.1A 2011-12-23 2012-12-10 Safety device for a lift with multiple cabins Active EP2794449B2 (en)

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PCT/EP2012/074941 WO2013092274A1 (en) 2011-12-23 2012-12-10 Safety device for an elevator having several cabs
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CN104024138A (en) 2014-09-03
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ES2575862T5 (en) 2019-10-21
EP2607282A1 (en) 2013-06-26
EP2794449B2 (en) 2019-02-27
US9296590B2 (en) 2016-03-29
WO2013092274A1 (en) 2013-06-27
HK1200157A1 (en) 2015-07-31
PL2794449T3 (en) 2016-09-30
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EP2794449B1 (en) 2016-03-09
PL2794449T5 (en) 2019-08-30

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